Where is the best place to sit on a plane? Main parts of the aircraft. Airplane structure Aircraft structure diagram name

If you like to travel a lot and often, then you probably spend a lot of time on the road, namely on board an airplane. If the flight does not last long, then you do not pay attention to minor inconveniences, but if you need to fly for 8-10 hours, then comfort is of great importance, and all other things being equal, I will always choose more convenient flight conditions.

The comfort of your flight depends on many factors - on-board entertainment, but most importantly - on the convenience of the place where you will spend almost the entire trip. Today I want to talk about the differences between different seats on board an airplane, how to find out in advance which cabin your flight will have, and how to choose the seat you like.

To choose the best seat on board an airplane, you first need to know which plane you will be flying on. Moreover, even the same aircraft from different airlines may have different seat configurations, so it is important to find out not just the type of aircraft, but the specific aircraft.

You can do this even before purchasing a ticket on the airline’s website (in the flight schedule) or in the ticket search engine.

For example, when searching for a ticket to, you can immediately see the name of the airline and flight number in the route description. Let's look at the example of a London-New York flight:

The first segment of the flight will be carried out by Norwegian Air, flight number DY-2802. Using this information, you can learn more about a specific aircraft at www.seatguru.com and www.seatexpert.com.

2. Where to find the interior diagram

You can also view the interior diagram on specialized websites.

Let's try to find a diagram of the aircraft cabin for the same flight London-New York for the first flight segment at www.seatguru.com.

First, on the main page we enter the necessary information - the name of the airline and the flight number (we already found them on the ticket search engine or on the airline’s website):

A window opens where you can see what the plane will be like. To see the interior diagram, click “View map”:

A page opens with detailed information about the aircraft, as well as a seat layout:

3. Features of different seats on board the aircraft

In addition to studying the diagrams in detail, you need to remember some of the features of different places on board and select the best place based on your needs. Let's look at the different types of seats on the plane.

3.1. Emergency exit seats

If your height is above average, then these places are created especially for you! The row opposite the emergency exit has much more legroom than regular seats. But there are also restrictions - hand luggage will have to be put in the luggage rack, because... Safety rules do not allow things to be placed in the passage to the emergency exit. So you can’t put anything under your seat or the seat in front of you. Also, passengers with children are not seated at emergency exits, because it is assumed that there should be a person sitting at the emergency exit who will be able to help flight attendants open the emergency exit and evacuate passengers.

Also keep in mind that if your seat is located in the row that is located in front of the emergency row, then you will not be able to recline the back of your seat so as not to block the emergency exit.

3.2. Seats at the beginning of the plane

• Most often, the very first row is reserved for frequent flyers and for passengers with children. So keep in mind that you may not be able to sleep due to a crying baby. Although you are not immune from this in other places, the probability here is higher.
• Service starts right from the front rows, so you will have the maximum choice of dishes.
• You will have to walk to the toilet, because... Business class toilets are not normally usable.
• After landing, you will be able to leave the plane in the first rows, right after the first and business class passengers.

3.3. Middle seats

These places do not have pronounced disadvantages or advantages. When choosing a seat in the middle of the plane, pay attention to whether the wing of the plane will block your view if you plan to sit near the window.

3.4. Seats at the back of the plane

According to statistics, the seats located in the rear of the aircraft are considered the safest, because... Most of the passengers who survived the plane crash were in the tail section.

But there are no absolutely safe places, so let's look at other features of these places:

• there are toilets in the rear, which on the one hand is convenient - you don’t have to go far, but on the other hand, people will always be walking next to you, so it can be very noisy.
• The last rows do not always have windows, so if you want to enjoy the views, look at the diagram of the plane you will be flying in advance.
• Also, in the last row the backrest may not recline, because There is no additional space provided.
• If you like to photograph the view from the window, then keep in mind that there may be poor visibility in the tail section due to the exhaust plume.
• If the plane is not packed to capacity, then most of the free seats are usually in the rear section, so you can occupy several seats at once, lounging comfortably.
• If you are flying with a transfer, it is better not to sit at the very back of the plane, because... You will only be able to leave as the last one, thereby losing a lot of time.
• food distribution usually starts from the beginning or middle of the plane, so if you haven’t ordered a special meal, some dishes may no longer be enough for you (for example, you only eat fish, and only a few servings of meat will remain).

3.5. The most uncomfortable places

In addition to relatively comfortable places that have both advantages and disadvantages, there are also places that are strictly not recommended to sit on, for example:

• seats in the row located in front of the emergency exit. You will not be able to recline the backrest.
• seats in the middle row (if the plane has three rows of seats, with a 3-3-3, 3-4-3, 2-5-2 layout). Especially if you are sitting in the middle of this row, it is difficult to get out to the toilet, you may have to let passengers through, it is also difficult to get something from the luggage compartment, it takes the longest to get out after the plane stops.
• places near the toilet - there may be an unpleasant smell, and people scurrying back and forth will not allow you to rest.

4. How to book a specific seat on board

When you have decided on the place you want to take, you need to book it. This can be done either in advance or immediately before departure. At the same time, you need to understand that the sooner you book a place, the greater the chances of getting exactly what you want.

So, there are several options for booking a place.

4.1. Reservation when purchasing a ticket

If you, then most likely it will be possible to immediately reserve a seat on board upon purchase. Find out about this option immediately.

Peculiarities. If you are flying low-cost, then most likely an additional fee will be charged for booking a specific seat. So I don’t see the point of booking something in advance, only if you really need a certain seat for some reason (for example, you are traveling with a child and want to be sure in advance that you will sit next to you or take a seat in the first row) . If you do not reserve a place in advance, then it is likely that you will be able to use another selection option, more on that below.

4.2. Booking in your personal account

If you bought your ticket from an intermediary (for example, through Skyscanner), then you can manage your booking on the airline's website. Just go to the airline’s website, register (or immediately go to your personal account if you are already registered) and in your personal account go to the “my bookings” or “manage booking” section. There you can already select seats (if there is such an option) or, for example, insert a card number to track miles.

4.3. Selecting a seat during online check-in

Online check-in usually starts 24 hours before the plane departs, but sometimes it opens earlier; you need to find out on the airline’s website. It is best to register immediately, in the first minutes after registration begins, so there will be a greater chance that you will have time to book the right place. To avoid missing time, set yourself a reminder. Again, this option does not apply to low-cost companies, because... there the choice of seat is only for an additional fee.

4.4. Selecting a seat during check-in at the airport

Here, too, it makes sense to arrive at the airport early in order to be among the first to check in. The best seats are already taken, but at least you can choose a window or aisle seat, in the middle of the plane or at the back. If you resort to the check-in counter at the last minute, then most likely you will no longer be able to choose a seat. This applies to flights to popular destinations during high season. If you are flying in the low season and the plane is half empty, then towards the end of check-in you can, for example, ask for a seat in a free row where there will be no one next to you.

4.5. Selecting a seat after boarding is completed

As soon as the boarding has been announced, you can safely choose a more convenient place. This applies, first of all, to low-cost airlines, because... This is the only free seat selection option.

Another feature of low-cost airlines is that they sell slightly more tickets than seats on the plane, because... According to statistics, about 10% of passengers do not show up for their flight. Therefore, passengers who arrived last can often be seated in the best seats, sometimes even seated in business class (if, of course, it is provided for in this low-cost airline).

Updated: 09/16/2019

Many air passengers still do not know that choose seats on the plane you can and should do it yourself, during the process of purchasing an air ticket or at the time of registration for air travel. Why should this be done? For those who fly rarely, for example once a year on vacation, air travel is quite a significant event in life, and comfort during the flight often leaves an imprint on the entire vacation. For those who fly frequently, choosing a seat in the aircraft cabin is no less important, because such passengers almost certainly know from their own experience that certain seats on board are not very comfortable and cause discomfort even during a flight with a short flight duration. How to choose the right seats on an airplane and what parameters affect comfort during the flight is described in this article.

THE CONTENT OF THE ARTICLE (you can click on the link for a quick transition)

However, before I begin to describe in detail the features of certain passenger seats on an airplane, I will note that in modern air transport there are no clearly bad or clearly good seats, because in each specific situation a number of variables must be taken into account, which are individual for each passenger. Therefore, it would be more correct to describe the standard seats in the aircraft cabin and indicate their generally accepted advantages and disadvantages. And yes, the article is intended for passengers flying on charter and scheduled flights in economy class, because... I think it’s wrong to talk about the disadvantages of business class seats. All areas in the aircraft cabin can be divided into three: in the tail of the aircraft, in the bow of the aircraft and in the middle of the cabin.

Seats in the rear of the aircraft

The advantage of choosing seats at the back of the plane is often the opportunity to get a good night's sleep during a multi-hour flight, for example from Moscow to Bangkok. By the way, you can read in detail about the flight duration in the article. Experienced air passengers often take advantage of the opportunity to sleep on three seats at once when flying to Thailand or other countries during the low season, when planes are rarely fully loaded. However, during the peak tourist season and in a popular destination, you cannot count on such an opportunity.

An important factor for some will be the confirmed fact that, according to statistics, of all passengers who survived plane crashes, two tritiums (67%) occupied seats in the tail of the plane. Now about factors that can be both an advantage and a disadvantage, depending on the individual passenger. The possible lack of portholes will be a critical drawback for some, while others will not pay attention to it. People who do not tolerate shaking and motion sickness are also not recommended. choose seats on the plane in the tail, where it is felt more pronounced.

The proximity to the toilets, on the one hand, eliminates the need to walk across the cabin floor and stand in a possible queue, but on the other hand, constant walking next to passengers can be annoying and interfere with sleep (only a blindfold and earplugs, which decent airlines, for example Etihad, will save you, will save you). issued to each passenger). Finally, passengers occupying seats in the rear of the plane are often forced to leave the plane last, letting everyone else through and ending up at passport control and customs again last. Although I have read that sometimes passengers are allowed to exit through a door at the rear of the plane, using telescopic bridges at airports, I have not yet encountered this in practice.

Seats at the front of the aircraft cabin

As a rule, passenger service begins from the front of the cabin (or from the middle towards the rear), so that all passengers sitting in the specified seats can receive food hotter and with the opportunity to choose several options (often those sitting in the rear simply have no choice and you have to eat what's left). There is less shaking in the front part of the aircraft cabin, so the risk of motion sickness is noticeably lower. After landing, passengers seated at the front of the plane, just behind the business class seats, often have the opportunity to disembark in the front rows.

The disadvantage of seats at the front of the aircraft cabin is that there are often special mounts for baby cradles there, and in general there is a greater chance of finding yourself in the company of passengers with small children who will annoy you the whole way (once I was flying from Turkey right behind business class in the company of an Arab family with three small crying children - an unforgettable feeling...). Those who like to admire the view from the window may find that even if they take a seat next to one, they end up unable to see anything due to the aircraft's wings blocking the entire view.

Seats in the middle part of the aircraft cabin

A compromise option that has both advantages and disadvantages. Depending on the make and model of the aircraft, there may be a toilet and an additional kitchen in the middle part of the aircraft, then passengers have the opportunity to be one of the first to receive food and also go to the toilet whenever they want. Shaking in the center is felt weakly, especially on long-haul wide-body sides. Seats located in the central part of the aircraft cabin, just behind its wings, allow you to watch the clouds and offer views of mountains, rivers, sea and cities from above, if there is no extensive cloud cover and you manage to grab a window seat on the plane. As a rule, passengers sitting in the middle of the cabin have the opportunity to exit the aircraft faster than passengers in the rear of the cabin.

Rows of seats on an airplane: advantages and disadvantages

Occupying first row in the airplane cabin(immediately behind another class of service or the first row located in another section of the aircraft cabin), you can be sure that no one sitting in front will recline, limiting your free space. Often such rows provide a little more legroom than other seats, which is never superfluous in economy class conditions. The downside is that most likely there will be a toilet, a kitchen, or just a partition in front of you, which will limit your view throughout the flight. I’ve already written about baby cradles, but here I’ll note that instead of classic folding tables, you’ll have to eat from less convenient (in my opinion) folding tables that can be removed from the armrests. Also, someone will be annoyed by the smells and sounds of dishes coming from the aircraft kitchen.

Passengers last row in the airplane cabin(or another row behind which there are no other seats in the compartment) may find that the backs of their seats are significantly limited in their ability to recline or are completely deprived of this ability. This is usually explained by the presence of a toilet, kitchen, other technical room or cabin compartment partition behind the partition. Also, the seat backs often do not recline when one of the emergency exits is located behind the row.

Seat position in a row: pros and cons

The cabins of mid-size aircraft have a 3+3 seating formula, i.e. a central aisle and three chairs from it on both sides. All experienced passengers try to immediately choose the best seats on the plane, which for them are either located near the aisle or at the window, but not in the center. And this is quite understandable.

Seats in the aircraft cabin near the window. The best option for those who prefer to spend most of the road in their sleep, quietly read a book in daylight and look out the window at beautiful cities at night or picturesque mountains during the day. The only inconvenience of the window seat is that when you try to go to the toilet or get something from the luggage compartment above the seats, you will have to disturb the passengers sitting next to you. Also, for those who often like to ask the flight attendant to bring another glass of water (or whiskey), it is not entirely convenient to do this (to find the right moment). Personally, I always try to choose a window seat on a plane, because I like to look “out the window” and take a nap, and on 5-6 hour flights I don’t even go to the toilet.

Places in the center. They are considered the most inconvenient due to the likelihood of running into well-fed fellow travelers who will squeeze you from both sides. The person sitting in the center is forced to let at least one passenger through (or two when it comes to a wide-body aircraft with a 3+4+3 or 2+4+2 seating arrangement) if they want to go to the toilet or get something from their things, which are located in the luggage compartment. There is no talk at all about the possibility of seeing anything through the window (only when the aircraft is strongly banking during climb or landing). Now that airplanes have individual LCD screens, and even smartphones and tablets, I have become better about center-row seats. Previously, you could only sleep and read a book there, which was a little annoying.

Aisle seats on the plane. They are convenient because you can stretch your legs a little in the aisle, calmly take things (your own, of course :)) from the luggage compartment, go to the toilet without disturbing anyone, and get off the plane before your row neighbors when landing at the airport. It is very convenient to track the movement of flight attendants and order the next glass of water or other drink. I would consider the inconvenience to be the need to let two neighbors sit in chairs if they want to stretch their legs and go to the toilet. Also causing some inconvenience are flight attendants with trolleys and passing passengers touching your elbow or shoulder.

Emergency exit seats. It so happens that I myself have flown them more than once, so I can’t help but mention them separately. These seats are very convenient because they allow you to stretch your legs as much as possible; there is no need to let your fellow passengers pass. However, there are also disadvantages: the possible absence of a porthole, a ban on hand luggage in the leg area (for security reasons). In general, there is an opinion that these seats are provided to people who, if necessary, can quickly open the emergency exit door and help the staff get other passengers out. I don’t know if this is true, but passengers with children and the elderly are definitely not given the indicated seats.

I hope that the information received was useful to you and now, when you carry out, you will immediately book the places that you think will best suit you. Since this article was quite lengthy, I posted detailed information about it in a separate article. I wish everyone comfortable flights and always smooth landings!

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They can be completely confident in their safety. Every detail, every system - everything is checked and tested several times. Spare parts for them are produced in different countries and then assembled at one plant.

The structure of a passenger aircraft is a glider. It consists of a fuselage and a tail wing. The latter is equipped with engines and a chassis. All modern airliners are additionally equipped with avionics. This is the name given to the collection of electronic systems that control the operation of the aircraft.

Any aircraft (helicopter, passenger airliner) by its design is a glider that consists of several parts.

Here's what the parts of the plane are called:

• fuselage;
• wings;
• tail unit;
• chassis;
• engines;
• avionics.

Airplane structure.

This is the load-bearing part of the aircraft. Its main purpose is the formation of aerodynamic forces, and its secondary purpose is installation. It serves as the base on which all other parts are installed.

Fuselage

If we talk about parts of the aircraft and their names, then the fuselage is one of its most important components. The name itself comes from the French word “fuseau”, which translates as “spindle”.

The airframe can be called the “skeleton” of the aircraft, and the fuselage is its “body”. It is what connects the wings, tail and chassis. The ship's crew and all equipment are located here.

It consists from longitudinal and transverse elements and cladding.

Wings

How does an airplane wing work? It is assembled from several parts: left or right half-plane (console) and center section. Consoles include overflow wing and tip. The latter may be different for individual types of passenger airliners. Eat winglets and sharklets.

Airplane wing.

The principle of its operation is very simple - the console separates the two air flows. Above is the area of ​​low pressure, and below is the area of ​​high pressure. Due to this difference, the wing allows you to fly.

Smaller consoles are installed on the wing to improve their performance. These are ailerons, flaps, slats, etc.. Inside the wings are located fuel tanks.

The performance of the wing is affected its geometric design - area, span, angle, sweep direction.

Tail

It is located in the rear or forward part of the fuselage. This is the name given to a whole set of aerodynamic surfaces that help a passenger airliner stay reliably in the air. They are separated into horizontal and vertical.

Vertical include keel or two keels. It provides directional stability of the aircraft along the axis of movement. To horizontal - stabilizer. It is responsible for the longitudinal stability of the aircraft.

Chassis

These are the same devices that help the plane taxi along the runway. These are several racks that are equipped with wheels.

The weight of a passenger airliner directly affects on the chassis configuration. The most commonly used is the following: one front post and two main ones. This is exactly how the landing gear is located. Boeing 747 family aircraft have two more struts.

Wheeled carts include a different number of pairs of wheels. So the Airbus A320 has one pair, and the An-225 has seven.

During flight, the landing gear is retracted into the compartment. When the plane takes off or lands. They turn due to drive to the front landing gear or differential operation of the engines.

Engines

When talking about how an airplane works and how it flies, we must not forget about such an important part of the airplane as the engines. They work based on the principle of jet propulsion. They can be turbojet or turboprop.

They are attached to the wing of the aircraft or its fuselage. In the latter case, it is placed in a special gondola and used to attach the pylon. Through it, the fuel pipe and drives are connected to the engines.

The plane usually has two engines.

The number of engines varies depending on the aircraft model. More details have been written about engines.

Avionics

These are all the systems that ensure the smooth operation of the aircraft. in all weather conditions and with most technical faults.

This includes the autopilot, anti-icing system, on-board power supply system, etc.

Classification by design features

Depending on the number of wings, they are distinguished monoplane (one wing), biplane (two wings) and sesquiplane (one wing shorter than the other).

In turn, monoplanes divide for low-wing, mid-wing and high-wing. This classification is based on the location of the wings near the fuselage.

If we talk about plumage, we can distinguish the classic scheme (the plumage is behind the wings), the “duck” type (the plumage is in front of the wing) and the “tailless” type (the plumage is on the wing).

According to the type of landing gear, aircraft are divided into land, seaplanes and amphibians (those seaplanes on which wheeled landing gear was installed).

There are different types of aircraft and fuselage types. Distinguish narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. The latter are mainly double-decker passenger liners. There are passenger seats at the top, and luggage compartments at the bottom.

This is what the classification of aircraft by design features is like.

No matter how many times they tried to come up with an airplane before, the whole point turned out to be in the design. Somehow, huge airliners get into the air, and the safety of passengers is a very important consideration. This article will examine in detail the structure of the aircraft, namely its main parts.

The aircraft design includes:

• Fuselage
• Wings
• Tail
• Takeoff and landing device
• Propulsion system
• Control systems, avionics

Each of these parts is vital for the aircraft to fly quickly and safely. Also, analysis of the components will help you understand how the plane works, and why everything was done this way and not otherwise.

This structural element represents a certain base of the aircraft, a load-bearing part to which other parts of the aircraft are attached. It gathers all the major parts of the aircraft around: the tail, landing gear and propulsion system, and the teardrop shape does a great job of absorbing the opposing force as it moves through the air. The interior of the case is designed to transport valuable cargo, be it weapons or military equipment, or passengers; Various equipment and fuel are also located here.

Wings

It is very difficult to find an aircraft whose design does not include the placement of its most recognizable part - the wings. This element serves to generate lifting power, and in modern designs, to increase this parameter, the wings are placed in the flat base of the aircraft fuselage.

The wings themselves include in their design the presence of special mechanisms, with the support of which the aircraft turns in one direction. In addition, this part of the aircraft is equipped with a takeoff and landing device, which regulates the movement of the aircraft during takeoffs and landings, and assists in controlling takeoff and landing speeds. It should also be noted that some aircraft designs include fuel tanks in the wings.

In addition, each wing is equipped with a console. With the help of moving components called ailerons, the ship is controlled relative to its longitudinal axis; The functioning of these elements is carried out completely synchronously. However, when one element turns one way, the other will go the opposite way; This is precisely why the fuselage body rotates.

Tail

This element of the aircraft structure is an equally important element. The tail of an aircraft consists of a fin and a stabilizer. The stabilizer, like the wings, has two consoles - right and left; The main purpose of this element is to regulate the movement of the aircraft and maintain a given altitude, taking into account the influence of various weather conditions.

The fin is also an integral part of the tail, which is responsible for maintaining the desired direction of the aircraft during its flight. In order to change the height and direction, two special rudders were created, each of which controls its own part of the tail unit. An important point is that aircraft elements may not always be called by exactly these names: for example, the tail part of the fuselage can be called the tail section, and sometimes only the keel is designated by this name.

Takeoff and landing device

The short name of the device is the landing gear, which is the main device thanks to which a successful takeoff and smooth landing are carried out. Do not underestimate this element of the aircraft, since its design is much more complex than just wheels extending out of the fuselage. If you take a closer look at one exhaust and cleaning system, it becomes clear that the design is very serious and consists of a whole set of different mechanisms and devices.

Propulsion system

The device is the main driving force that pushes the aircraft forward. Its location is most often located either under the wing or under the fuselage. The engine also consists of some essential parts, without which its operation is not possible.

Main engine parts:

• Turbine
• Fan
• Compressor
• The combustion chamber
• Nozzle

The fan, located at the very beginning of the turbine, serves several functions: it pumps entrained air and cools the engine elements. Immediately after it there is a compressor that receives the air supplied by the fan and launches it into the combustion chamber under strong pressure. Now the fuel is mixed with air, and the resulting substance is set on fire.

The flow from the explosion of this fuel mixture splashes into the main part of the turbine, which causes it to rotate. Also, a device for twisting the turbine ensures constant rotation of the fan, forming in a similar way a cyclic system that will always work as long as air and fuel flow from the combustion chamber.

Control systems

Avionics is an electronic computing complex made up of various on-board devices of an aircraft system that help read current information during navigation and orientation of moving objects. Without this mandatory component, correct and correct control of any aircraft such as an airliner would simply be impossible. These systems also ensure uninterrupted operation of the aircraft; This includes functions such as autopilot, anti-icing system, on-board power supply and many others.

Aircraft classification and design features

Without exception, all aircraft can be divided into two main categories: civil and military. Their most basic difference is the presence of a cabin that is designed deliberately for the purpose of transporting passengers. Passenger aircraft themselves are divided by capacity into long-haul short-haul (flight distance up to 2000 km), medium-haul (up to 4000 km) and long-haul (up to 9000 km)

If the flight range is even greater, then intercontinental type airliners are used for this. In addition, different types of aircraft have differences in weight. Also, airliners may differ due to a specific type and, directly, purpose.

The design of an aircraft can often have different wing geometries. For aircraft that carry passenger transportation, the design of the wings does not differ from the classic one, which is typical for airliners. Models of aircraft of this type have a shortened nose component, and because of this they have a relatively low efficiency.

There is another specific form that is called “duck”, due to its arrangement of wings. The horizontal tail is placed in front of the wing, which increases lift. The disadvantage of this design is the reduction in the viewing area of ​​the lower hemisphere due to the presence of the tail in front of the wing itself.

So we figured out what the plane consists of. As you may have already noticed, the design is quite complex, and various numerous parts must work harmoniously so that the plane can take off and land successfully after a smooth flight. The design is often specific and can vary significantly depending on the model and purpose of the aircraft.

This is for fun... Su-26

This is a short article about something that everyone seems to have seen, but not everyone imagines it.

What is an airplane anyway? This is an aircraft designed to move various cargo and people through the air. The definition is primitive, but true. All planes, no matter how romantic they may look, are created for work. And only sport aviation exists solely for flight. And what a flight :-)!

What helps an airplane fulfill its purpose? What makes an airplane an airplane? Let's name the main ones: fuselage, wing, tail, takeoff and landing device.

Design elements and controls

Separately, you can also highlight the power plant, that is, engines and propellers (if the aircraft is propeller-driven). The first four elements are usually combined into one unit, called a glider in aviation. It is worth noting that all of the above refers to the so-called classical layout scheme. After all, in fact, there are several of these schemes. In other schemes, some elements may not be present. We will definitely talk about this in other articles, but for now we will pay attention to the simplest and most common, classical scheme.

Fuselage. This is, so to speak, the basis of the aircraft. It, as it were, collects all the other elements of the aircraft’s structure into a single whole and is a container for aviation equipment (avionics) and payload... The payload is, of course, the actual cargo or passengers. In addition, fuel and weapons (for military aircraft) are usually located in the fuselage.

But this is for work... TU-154

Wing. Actually, the main flying organ :-). Consists of two parts, consoles, left and right. The main purpose is to create lift. Although in fairness I will say that on many modern aircraft the fuselage, which has a flattened lower surface (this is the same lift force), can help in this. On the wing there are controls for rotating the aircraft around its longitudinal axis, that is, roll control. These are ailerons, as well as organs with the exotic name spoilers. There, on the wing, there is the so-called. These are flaps and slats. These elements improve the take-off and landing characteristics of the aircraft (take-off and run length, take-off and landing speeds). On many aircraft, fuel is also located in the wing, and on military aircraft, weapons are located.

Well, where is the fuselage?... Su-27

Tail. Not less important aircraft structural element. Consists of two parts: keel and stabilizer. The stabilizer, in turn, like the wing, consists of two consoles, left and right. The main purpose is flight stabilization, that is, they help the aircraft maintain the flight direction and altitude that were originally assigned to it, regardless of atmospheric influences. The keel stabilizes the direction, and the stabilizer stabilizes the height. Well, if the crew piloting the airliner wants to change the flight course, then for this there is a rudder on the fin, and to change the altitude, there is an elevator on the stabilizer.

I will definitely touch on my favorite topic about concepts. It is incorrect to say “tail” when referring to the keel, as can often be heard in non-aviation environments. Tail is generally a specific word and refers to the rear part of the fuselage along with the tail.

There is such a chassis... MIG-25

Another important part, an element of the aircraft’s design (although there are probably no unimportant ones :-)). This is a takeoff and landing device based on a simple landing gear. Used during takeoff, landing and taxiing. The functions are quite serious, because every plane, as you know, is simply obliged to “not only take off well, but also land extremely successfully” :-). The chassis is not just a wheel, but a whole complex of very serious equipment. The cleaning and release system alone is worth it... Here, by the way, the well-known ABS is present. It came to our cars from aviation.

And sometimes such a chassis... AN-225 "Mriya"

I also mentioned the power plant. The engines can be located inside the fuselage, or in special engine nacelles under the wing or on the fuselage. These are the main options, but there are also special cases. For example, an engine in the root of the wing, partially recessed into the fuselage. Sounds complicated, doesn't it? But it's interesting. In modern aviation, in general, a lot of intricate things have appeared. Where, for example, is the pure fuselage on a MIG-29 or Su-27 aircraft. But he is not there. Technically, it certainly stands out, but externally... Solid wing, engines and cockpit :-).

Well, that's probably all. I have listed the main ones. It turned out a little dry, but that’s okay. We'll talk about each of these elements later, and then I'll go wild :-). After all, the variety of layouts, designs and composition of equipment is very large. These include different general layouts and different layouts of the tail unit, wing, different designs and arrangements of the landing gear, engines, engine nacelles, etc. From all this diversity, we get a lot of all kinds of aircraft, both unique in their capabilities and incredibly beautiful, and mass-produced, but still beautiful and attractive.

Bye:-). Until next time...

P.S. How did I get separated, huh?! Well, just like talking about a woman :-)…

Photos are clickable.