Train in an underwater tunnel denmark. Bridge between denmark and sweden that goes under water
The construction of the Øresund bridge-tunnel began in 1995 and was completed on August 14, 1999. Despite the fact that a couple of important incidents prevented the construction - the discovery of 18 unexploded shells from the Second World War at the bottom of the sea and the distortion of one of the segments of the tunnel - the bridge was completed 3 months earlier than planned
The completion of construction was marked by a symbolic meeting between the Danish Prince Frederik and the Swedish Crown Princess Victoria in the middle of the bridge. The official opening took place on July 1, 2000, already with the participation of the monarchs themselves - Queen Margrethe II, and King Carl XVI Gustaf
The appearance of the project itself unusual building contributed to the fact that Denmark and Sweden are part of the Schengen zone and between them canceled passport and simplified customs control
Initially, the passage on the bridge was very expensive - in an attempt to recoup its unprecedented cost, the government appointed too high price- therefore, it was used by a few, but subsequently, in 2005-2006, the traffic intensity increased significantly. Analysts attribute this to the fact that many Danes bought houses in Malmö, Sweden, which were inexpensive by the standards of Danish salaries, and traveled to work in Denmark along the Øresund bridge. In this regard, discounts of up to 75% of the fare were introduced for people who regularly cross it.
In 2008, a road trip across the bridge cost €36.3 (260 Danish or 325 SEK). In 2007, almost 25 million people crossed the bridge, of which more than 15 million - on their own vehicles and almost 10 million - on trains
Øresund Bridge includes a double track railway and a four-lane highway. Its total length is 7845 meters, every 140 of which the bearing beam of the bridge rests on concrete pillars. The main span has a height of 57 meters, which allows most ships to safely pass under it, although many prefer a calm passage over the tunnel itself, with which the bridge connects on an artificial island, nicknamed Peberholm (Pepper Island) for its shape
By inertia, the Danes, with their inherent sense of humor, decided to give a new name to the natural island located just to the north, which is now called nothing more than Saltholm (Island-Salt). Peberholm Island is 4 kilometers long and 500 meters wide on average. The building material for it was rock fragments and tons of rock raised from the bottom during dredging during the construction of the bridge.
The island of Peberholm is connected to the Danish artificial peninsula Kastrup on the island of Amager by the 4-kilometer Drogden Tunnel. More precisely, its length is 4050 meters, which includes 270 meters of portals at both exits and 3510 meters of flat underwater part.
During the construction of the tunnel to the bottom of the strait, 20 reinforced concrete segments of 55 thousand tons each were lowered into a specially dug channel, which were then combined into one. In total, 5 pipes pass through the Drogden tunnel - two each for rail and road traffic, and a fifth, smaller pipe for emergencies
Why was such a strange half-bridge-half-tunnel built across the strait? Why did the government of the two countries go to the additional expense and complexity associated with the construction of the tunnel? The reason lies in the proximity of Copenhagen Airport (a conventional bridge would prevent aircraft from taking off and landing), plus this design made it possible not to restrict shipping traffic through Øresund
The Øresund combined bridge - tunnel is the longest combined road in Europe, connecting the Danish capital Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmö, passing through the Øresund Strait. The Øresund combined bridge includes a double-track railway and a four-lane motorway. This combined bridge is part of the international European route located along the E-20 highway. 
The construction of the Øresund Bridge began in 1995 and was completed on August 14, 1999. The grand opening of the bridge took place on July 1, 2000, with the participation of Queen Margaret II and King Carl XVI Gustaf. The Øresund Bridge was opened for crossing on the same day. This combined road passes through the borders of Denmark and Sweden, but thanks to the Schengen Agreement, the presence passport control absent. The normal customs check is carried out only for those who enter Sweden, and those who enter Denmark are not checked.
This structure is a tunnel, road and island and is often referred to as the "Øresund Line" or "Øresund Connection". The length of the bridge is 7845 meters and is half the distance from Sweden and the Danish island of Amager. The weight of the entire bridge structure is 82,000 tons. The Øresund Bridge allows navigation in the alignment of the main span, the height of which is 57 meters. But, despite this, many ships prefer to pass through the Öresund Strait over the tunnel without hindrance. The bridge was designed by George Rotne and structural designer by Ove Arup.
The bridge connects to a tunnel on an artificial island, which is called Peberholm, which is translated as Pepper - an island. This name was chosen for him in the composition of the nearby island of Saltholm - Sol - island. From the island of Peberholm they made a nature reserve, the length of which is almost 4 kilometers, and with an average width of 500 meters. 
The tunnel connects the artificial peninsula of Kastrup, on the Danish island of Amager and artificial island Peberholm. The length of the tunnel is 4050 meters, of which 3510 meters are underwater and there are two portals 270 meters long each at both ends of the tunnel. The passage through the tunnel is paid, and is comparable to the price for the ferry, which was used before the construction of the Øresund bridge. Stands marked with a yellow sign accept Swedish kroner, Danish kroner, Norwegian krone, pounds sterling, Swiss francs, as well as dollars and euros. The prices for the Öressun Combined Bridge are constantly changing depending on the season, and as of January 2012 the price was 43 euros per car.
Services for tourists that will save or get more for the same money:
- Insurance: the journey begins with the choice of a profitable insurance company, allows you to choose the best way according to your requirements;
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- Movements: you can order an inexpensive transfer to and from the airport, you can also rent a car at (Economybookings). In some countries, renting a car can be cheaper than public transport(eg, in Portugal);
- Entertainment: excursions from locals Russian speaking guides around the world, book at, and tickets to many museums and other attractions can also be booked online at
This unusual bridge-tunnel connects cities such as Malmö and Copenhagen. Moreover, you can drive along it both by rail and by car.
The construction of the Øresund bridge-tunnel began in 1995 and was completed on August 14, 1999. Despite the fact that a couple of important incidents prevented the construction - the discovery of 18 unexploded shells from the Second World War at the bottom of the sea and the distortion of one of the segments of the tunnel - the bridge was completed 3 months earlier than planned 
The completion of construction was marked by a symbolic meeting between the Danish Prince Frederik and the Swedish Crown Princess Victoria in the middle of the bridge. The official opening took place on July 1, 2000, already with the participation of the monarchs themselves - Queen Margrethe II, and King Carl XVI Gustaf 
The appearance of the project of such an unusual structure was facilitated by the fact that Denmark and Sweden are included in the Schengen zone and passport control was canceled between them and customs control was simplified 
Initially, the bridge was very expensive to cross - in an attempt to recoup its unprecedented cost, the government charged too high a price - so it was used by a few, but subsequently, in 2005-2006, traffic increased significantly. Analysts attribute this to the fact that many Danes bought houses in Malmö, Sweden, which were inexpensive by the standards of Danish salaries, and traveled to work in Denmark along the Øresund bridge. In this regard, for people regularly crossing it, discounts of up to 75% of the fare were introduced. 
In 2008, a road trip across the bridge cost €36.3 (260 Danish or 325 SEK). In 2007, almost 25 million people crossed the bridge, of which more than 15 million - on their own vehicles and almost 10 million - on trains. 
The Øresund Bridge includes a double-track railway and a four-lane motorway. Its total length is 7845 meters, every 140 of which the bearing beam of the bridge rests on concrete pillars. The main span has a height of 57 meters, which allows most ships to safely pass under it, although many prefer a calm passage over the tunnel itself, with which the bridge connects on an artificial island, nicknamed Peberholm (Pepper Island) for its shape. 
By inertia, the Danes, with their inherent sense of humor, decided to give a new name to the natural island located just to the north, which is now called nothing more than Saltholm (Island-Salt). Peberholm Island is 4 kilometers long and 500 meters wide on average. The building material for it was rock fragments and tons of rock raised from the bottom during dredging during the construction of the bridge. 
The island of Peberholm is connected to the Danish artificial peninsula Kastrup on the island of Amager by the 4-kilometer Drogden Tunnel. To be more precise, its length is 4050 meters, which includes 270 meters of portals at both exits and 3510 meters of flat underwater part. 
During the construction of the tunnel to the bottom of the strait, 20 reinforced concrete segments of 55 thousand tons each were lowered into a specially dug channel, which were then combined into one. In total, 5 pipes pass through the Drogden tunnel - two each for rail and road traffic, and a fifth, smaller pipe for emergencies 
Why was such a strange half-bridge-half-tunnel built across the strait? Why did the government of the two countries go to the additional expense and complexity associated with the construction of the tunnel? The reason lies in the proximity of Copenhagen Airport (a conventional bridge would prevent aircraft from taking off and landing), plus this design made it possible not to restrict shipping traffic through Øresund
In total, more than 30 billion Danish kroner (based on the exchange rate of the Danish krone in 2000) was spent on the construction of the Øresund bridge-tunnel - an amount that will pay off only by 2035. In addition, in order to expand the railway interchange coming from the bridge, in 2006 the Swedish side spent another 9.45 billion SEK on the city tunnel in Malmö, which was completed in 2011. 
Tunnel entrance 
Tunnel 
The reason for the dive is Copenhagen Airport, located on the other side of the Oresund Strait. Because of the flying planes to land, the bridge was removed under water in four kilometers tunnel. 
Exit from the tunnel 
I present to your attention the Oresund Bridge, not even just a bridge, but a whole system: bridge-island-tunnel!
These photos were published on Google Earth from a satellite, I searched for them for a long time, studied the map, studied the location of the islands and peninsulas, their names.I'll tell you about wind turbines that stand right in the water, and they are removed from the bridge!
HISTORY
The Oresund Bridge-Tunnel between Sweden and Denmark, across the Oresund Strait, consisting of three parts: the Oresund Bridge, the artificial bulk island Peberholm and the underwater tunnel Drogden.
Now you can travel directly by train or car
Between Sweden and Denmark.
This was made possible thanks to the Oresund Bridge,
Passing between Lernaken, located south of Malmö in Sweden,
The bridge starts in Sweden and the tunnel in Denmark.
The total length of the Oresund Bridge is approximately 16 kilometers.
This is one of the most important Scandinavian infrastructure projects.
Construction of the crossing began in 1995.
Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden met halfway on the bridge to mark the completion of construction.
The official opening took place on July 1, 2000, with Queen Margrethe II and King Carl XVI Gustaf as guests of honor.
The crossing was opened to traffic on the same day.
After the opening, traffic flow across the bridge was less than expected due to the high cost of travel.
However, in 2005 and 2006 there was a large increase in passenger traffic.
This is most likely due to the fall in housing prices in Sweden, which the Danes began to actively buy.
In 2007, nearly 25 million people used the bridge.
Trains run every 20 minutes, and 1 time at night - in both directions.
Here is an eyewitness description:
A bright yellow construction with a pointer. At the bottom, on a yellow background, it says: "last exit in Sweden." i.e. if you do not turn around here, then the next opportunity will only be in Denmark.
The road says "Denmark straight ahead". About 4 kilometers from the Danish coast, the bridge literally goes under water.
The fact is that Copenhagen Airport is located right on the opposite bank of Oresund.
To prevent planes from clinging to the bridge, it was removed under water, into a four-kilometer tunnel.
The road emerges already behind the airport, on the land of the Danish Kingdom.
The transition of the bridge into the tunnel takes place on an artificial island (it is already Danish).
TUNNEL
NCC managed the contracting work for the construction of the 3.7 kilometer Drogden Tunnel.
The connection between the artificial bulk island Peberholm
and the artificial peninsula Kastrup, on the island of Amager - the nearest inhabited part of Denmark - is carried out through the Drogden tunnel (Drogdentunnelen),
the length of the underwater part of the tunnel is 3510 m plus 270 m of tunnel exits at each end.
The tunnel is made of 20 prefabricated, reinforced concrete sections - the heaviest in the world at 55,000 tons each - connected and laid in trenches dug into the seabed.
The two tubes of the tunnel carry railroad tracks;
in the other two pipes there is a highway, each with two lanes;
A small fifth trumpet is used in emergencies. The pipes are located side by side.
Tunnel Options Drogden
The Drogden Tunnel is the largest underwater tunnel in the world by volume.
The tunnel is 3.7 kilometers long and 40 meters wide (4 lanes on the highway, two railway tracks and a tunnel for underground communications).
The tunnel consists of three main parts: - The entrance to the tunnel is located on an artificial peninsula. - The underwater part of the tunnel runs under the Drogden Canal. - Departure from the tunnel on the artificial island.
The tunnel entrances are also equipped with underground service rooms for the maintenance of the tunnel.
There are installed lighting, ventilation, drainage systems, all communications and equipment for power supply.
An open-pit tunnel is made using sections of concrete that are connected and lowered into a trench dug in the seabed.
As a rule, they are combined in a network, the result is a wind farm. Its main difference from traditional (thermal, nuclear) is the complete absence of both raw materials and waste. The only important requirement for a WPP is a high average annual wind level. The power of modern wind turbines reaches 6 MW.
Wind turbines in the Oresund Strait.
Offshore wind parks do not scare the fish and do not have a negative impact on their population, but, on the contrary, lead to an increase in the number of fish.
These are the conclusions of a study by the Swedish Fisheries Office, whose experts explored the marine area near the first Swedish wind turbine marine park - Lillgrund in the Åresund Strait.
Near the bases of the windmills, new fish species have settled that were not previously found in this area of the sea: for example, the European sculpin and the increasingly rare eel.
Inhuman beauty!
One of the brightest architectural impressions!
Read and look at these wonderful photos taken by people from cars!
These people raced and admiringly admired this beautiful bridge! We admired the garden of snow-white windmills! And they filmed all these beauties on their cameras so that we can now admire and learn more about this magnificent bridge in the Oresund Strait in the Baltic Sea!
source-http://www.nccr.ru/ru/About-NCC/NCC-Group/Well-known-projects/In-Baltic-countries/-/,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oresund_Bridge,
The Veluwemeer Aqueduct connected the Dutch mainland and the artificial island of Flevoland via a four-lane highway in 2002. But unlike traditional structures, the 25-meter bridge is not intended for cars, but for water transport.
The water depth on the bridge reaches three meters and allows small boats and ships to sail on it. And 28 thousand cars pass under it every day.
The bird's-eye view is simply mesmerizing - the cars "dive" under a water barrier 19 meters wide, in order to appear again on the surface in a few seconds.
Several construction projects were considered at this site. Including a road tunnel, and an ordinary road bridge. But all these options were more expensive and time consuming.
There are walkways on the underwater bridge for pedestrians. This solution allows you not to stop the movement of vehicles either on the road or on the water.
The Netherlands can boast of another unusual underwater bridge, but designed for pedestrians.
The bridge over the moat with water of Fort de Roovere (de Roovere) in 2011 was recognized by the Union of Architects of the Netherlands (BNA) as the best building in the country.
It passes below the water level and seems to divide the moat into two parts. From the outside, people walking along this bridge look like daredevils crossing a water barrier ford. The fact is that from afar, an unusual engineering structure is completely invisible. tourists, following to the fort of the 17th century, can appreciate the graceful construction of the bridge only up close.
