Presentation "South America" on geography - project, report. South America
South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with an area of 18.13 million km², most of which is located in the Southern Hemisphere. South America is located between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. The fauna of South America is distinguished by its exceptional richness and diversity of forms. About 1/4 of all bird species live in South America globe , which is 2.5 times more than in the Palearctic. The diversity of modern natural conditions is the first prerequisite that determines the richness of the fauna of South America. Uakari are small monkeys. Their body length is 45-48 cm, and their bushy tail is a third of the entire body. They are the only short-tailed monkeys in South America. They live in the forests of the Amazon, in the crowns of tall trees. They almost never go down to the ground. Their fur is soft, long, and silky. The ocelot is a feline predator. A very rare animal, listed in the Red Book. It is 1 meter in size and has a tail of 40 cm. It lives on the forest slopes of the Andes, at an altitude of up to 4 km. Found at the very edge of the snow, the Capybara is the largest rodent in the world. His body is covered with stiff bristles. There are swimming membranes on the fingers: the capybara swims and dives well. Lives along the banks of rivers, where there is tall grass. Eats aquatic plants.. Chinchilla is a rodent with soft, thick and durable hair. This is a small animal with the habits of a rabbit. Lives on the border of Peru and Chile, at an altitude of 3-6 km, in rock crevices. The maned wolf is a relative of the dog. Lives in the pampas and on the outskirts of swamps, among tall grass. Hunts birds, small animals, insects. Eats fruits and other vegetation. The Andean condor is a huge bird: its wingspan is slightly less than 3 m. It lives in the mountains, at an altitude of up to 5 thousand m, and sometimes higher. Condors live in flocks, but when it comes time to have chicks, they pair up. The manatee is an aquatic animal of the tropics and subtropics. His flippers have flat hoof nails. With their help, the manatee crawls along the bottom and turns over from side to side. It can grasp aquatic plants between its flippers and bring them to its mouth. The mother is very attached to her baby: she hugs him to herself with her flippers and does not leave, even if she herself is in danger. Tropical rain forests - the selva is a unique ecosystem of South America. The climate in the rain forest is the most even on the planet and does not change at different times of the year. In the selva, up to 150 species of woody plants can be found on two to three hectares. Unfortunately, forests in the Amazon are now being intensively cut down. Invaluable milky juice of the Brazilian Hevea Invaluable milky juice of the Brazilian Hevea is the main source of natural rubber. If it weren’t for him, scientists would have been looking for ways to make such an irreplaceable material like rubber for a long time. The bottle tree is characteristic of tropical woodlands in the north-east. Brazilian plateau. The trunks of some of them are several meters across. The leaf of the amazing Amazon flower Victoria regia can support a child weighing up to 35 kg. Russian botanist Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1923-1933), during his expeditions to the mainland, established that the birthplace of plants such as beans, tomatoes, peanuts, pineapple and potatoes is South America. Equatorial forests are replaced by tall grass palm savannas. On the plowed lands of the savannas, not only the plants already mentioned above are grown, but also bananas (2/3 of the world's harvest), the homeland of which is India).
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BRASILIA Redeemer Statue in Rio de Janeiro Machu Picchu Cartagena Potosi Nazca Cusco Tiahuanaco San Luis Ogliamtaytambo Urumamba Colca South AmericaSlide 2
STATUE OF THE SAVIOR IN RIO DE JANEIRO This grandiose stone sculpture, raised almost a kilometer high, stands in Rio de Janeiro on the steep Corcovado hill. It appeared as a result of an all-Brazilian open competition for the best monument that would express the idea of the unity of the nation. It was won by a simple man, Hector da Silva-Costa, who proposed to sculpt the figure of Christ the Savior. On October 12, 1931, the grand opening of the monument, authored by the French sculptor Paul Landowski, took place.
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CITY OF POTOSI The city's heyday occurred in the first half of the 17th century, when more people lived in it than in London itself! Over these half a century, the Spaniards exported 16 thousand tons of silver to Europe from this locality! The phrase “Rich as Potosi” became a proverb. When the reserves of the precious metal in the mines dried up, the city fell into decay.
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CITY OF POTOSÍ Nowadays it has become a museum under open air. Tourists are attracted by visiting the Mint, where shiny doubloons with portraits were minted Spanish kings and Mount Sierra Rico, from the top of which, according to legend, the great revolutionary of South America Simon Bolivar proclaimed the independence of these places from the Spanish crown.
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CITY OF CARTAGENA This locality Columbia is famous for the fact that in 1586 it was plundered by an English flotilla, which was controlled by a pirate who later became an English lord, Sir Francis Drake. The port fortifications were completely destroyed. Later, residents rebuilt them, mixing bull's blood into the solution for strength. Today, the old quarters of Cartagena are a single historical monument from the time of the colonial conquest of the mainland by the Spaniards.
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CITY OF TIAHUANACO It is located on the territory of Bolivia - on lands that once belonged to the Incas. But it is believed that this settlement was founded long before them. The city walls are made of huge stone blocks, as if they were the work of giants. This is also hinted at by the majestic stone statues of people towering next to the fortress.
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CITY OF POTOSI This is the highest city in the world. It is located at an altitude of 4000 meters above sea level. Potosi is also famous for its silver mines, where thousands of Indian slaves once worked.
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NAZCA DESERT Modern scientists have several versions of the purpose of the mysterious drawings. Perhaps ancient people used them as objects of religious worship. There is a possibility that this is a huge calendar or even a spaceport for aliens from outer space. The mystery of Nazca is still waiting for its discoverers
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NAZCA DESERT This plateau in Peru is located between the valleys of the Nazca and Ingenio rivers, 450 km from the city of Lima. There is a majestic historical monument there, the purpose of which has not yet been revealed. An area of 500 square kilometers is covered with giant, up to 300 meters in length, images of people and animals, lines, spirals and geometric shapes. The size of some of them is several tens of meters. And it is only possible to appreciate the work of an unknown artist from a bird's eye view.
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The general plan of the city was developed by another brilliant architect - Luisio Costa. From above, Brasilia resembles the figure of an airplane. The buildings of the Government, the National Congress and the Supreme Court were built on its “nose”. The most impressive temple in this city is the Catholic Cathedral, to which Niemeyer gave the unusual shape of a crown of thorns. CITY OF BRASILIA
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Another feature of Brazil is the lack of sidewalks and a limited number of pedestrian crossings. Half a century ago it was believed that this settlement was a prototype of the cities of the 21st century, strictly subordinated to one architectural idea. However, now this orderliness seems modern people somewhat monotonous. CITY OF BRASILIA
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CITY OF LIMA This city of 7 million people is located at the foot of the Andes on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. It was founded by the Spaniards in 1535. Lima's main historical attractions are associated with the colonial period. Tourists are invited to visit the main square - Plaza de Armas (Square of Arms), the monastery of San Francisco and its underground catacombs, the Acho bullring, the Descalsos monastery, the Rimac quarter, Cathedral with the tomb of the conqueror of Peru Francisco Pizarro and the Government Palace.
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CITY OF CUSCO Translated from the Quechua Indian language, Cusco means “navel of the earth.” To this day, 500 years after the Spaniards arrived here, the city of Cusco remains a crossroads of two cultures. Cusco has a rich colonial past with many churches, such as the Church of La Compagnie and the Monastery of La Merced. The area around San Vlas, which is home to many artists and craftsmen, has not changed for hundreds of years. The foundations of the houses, masterfully finished by the famous Inca stonemasons, have survived to this day. Red tiled roofs and cobbled streets add a unique flavor to this ancient city.
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CITY OF LIMA The main historical attractions of Lima are associated with the colonial period. Tourists are invited to visit the main square - Plaza de Armas (Square of Weapons), the San Francisco monastery and its underground catacombs, the Acho bullring, the Descalsos monastery, the Rimac quarter, the Cathedral with the tomb of the conqueror of Peru Francisco Pizarro and the Government Palace.
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HISTORICAL CENTER OF SAN LUIS The city center, which was built by the French in the 17th century, then occupied by the Dutch, and was ruled by the Portuguese, was built according to a perpendicular street structure. Thanks to a period of economic stagnation at the beginning of the 20th century, most of buildings of interest as historical monuments, has survived to this day. It is a striking example of colonial architecture
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BRASILIA
Savior statue in Rio de Janeiro
Machu Picchu Cartagena Potosi Nazca Cusco Tiahuanaco San Luis Ogliamtaytambo Urumamba Colca South America
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MACHU - PICCHU
It is located at an altitude of 2430 meters above sea level, on a mountain of extraordinary beauty, in the middle of a mountain tropical forest. Machu Picchu is perhaps the most amazing urban structure of the Inca Empire. Archaeologists discovered this city in the summer of 1911. Its area is approximately 5 square km. Inside it are warehouses, churches, an observatory and the residence of the legendary Inca ruler Pachacuti. It is estimated that at least a thousand people lived in the city.
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CITY OF CARTAGENA
This locality in Colombia is famous for the fact that in 1586 it was plundered by an English flotilla, which was controlled by a pirate who later became an English lord, Sir Francis Drake. The port fortifications were completely destroyed. Later, residents rebuilt them, mixing bull's blood into the solution for strength. Today, the old quarters of Cartagena are a single historical monument from the time of the colonial conquest of the mainland by the Spaniards.
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In the center of the city there is a bastion, in the prison of which captured pirates languished. On Artillery Square there is a 17th-century temple, the tower of which is twisted. There is also the Palace of the Inquisition and a monument to Christopher Columbus. The Alley of Martyrs commemorates those citizens who died in the war to liberate the country from colonialism.
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The city's heyday came in the first half of the 17th century, when more people lived in it than in London itself! Over these half a century, the Spaniards exported 16 thousand tons of silver to Europe from this locality! The phrase “Rich as Potosi” became a proverb. When the reserves of the precious metal in the mines dried up, the city fell into decay.
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Nowadays it has turned into an open-air museum. Tourists are attracted by visiting the Mint, where shiny doubloons with portraits of Spanish kings and Mount Sierra Rico were minted, from the top of which, according to legend, the great revolutionary of South America Simon Bolivar proclaimed the independence of these places from the Spanish crown.
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SAVIOR STATUE IN RIO DE JANEIRO
This grandiose stone sculpture, raised almost a kilometer high, stands in Rio de Janeiro on the steep Corcovado hill. It appeared as a result of an all-Brazilian open competition for the best monument that would express the idea of the unity of the nation. It was won by a simple man, Hector da Silva-Costa, who proposed to sculpt the figure of Christ the Savior. On October 12, 1931, the grand opening of the monument, authored by the French sculptor Paul Landowski, took place.
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CITY OF TIAHUANACO
It is located in Bolivia - on lands that once belonged to the Incas. But it is believed that this settlement was founded long before them. The city walls are made of huge stone blocks, as if they were the work of giants. This is also hinted at by the majestic statues of people made of stone, towering next to the fortress.
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NAZCA DESERT
This plateau in Peru is located between the valleys of the Nazca and Ingenio rivers, 450 km from the city of Lima. There is a majestic historical monument there, the purpose of which has not yet been revealed. An area of 500 square kilometers is covered with giant, up to 300 meters in length, images of people and animals, lines, spirals and geometric shapes. The size of some of them is several tens of meters. And it is only possible to appreciate the work of an unknown artist from a bird's eye view.
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SALVADOR
This is the most ancient city Brazil. It was founded on November 1, 1501 famous traveler Amerigo Vespucci. It is not only an important economic center of the country, but also the heart of Brazilian culture. The most famous temples are located on Praça de Se. In the 17th century, a large Catholic cathedral was built here, the altar of which is decorated with gold leaf. Next to the temple there is another church - San Francisco, the material for which was exported from Portugal. The church of La Concei-san de Praia, dedicated to Our Lady, is also especially revered in Salvador. local residents considered their patroness.
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CITY OF BRASILIA
This is the third capital of the state of Brazil. The city was founded on April 1, 1960 on the Cerrado plateau. He is considered architectural miracle Latin America. The author of the houses located in the central quarters of the capital was the most famous architect of the second half of the 20th century, Oscar Niemeyer.
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The general plan of the city was developed by another brilliant architect - Luisio Costa. From above, Brasilia resembles the figure of an airplane. The buildings of the Government, the National Congress and the Supreme Court were built on its “nose”. The most impressive temple in this city is the Catholic Cathedral, to which Niemeyer gave the unusual shape of a crown of thorns.
Slide 15
Another feature of Brazil is the lack of sidewalks and a limited number of pedestrian crossings. Half a century ago it was believed that this settlement was a prototype of the cities of the 21st century, strictly subordinated to one architectural idea. However, now this orderliness seems somewhat monotonous to modern people.
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HISTORICAL CENTER OF SAN LUIS
The city center, which was built by the French in the 17th century, then occupied by the Dutch, and was ruled by the Portuguese, was built according to a perpendicular street structure. Thanks to the period of economic stagnation at the beginning of the 20th century, most of the buildings of interest as historical monuments have survived to this day. It is a striking example of colonial architecture
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OLIAMTAYTAMBO
This is the only Inca city that is still inhabited. Opposite the giant staircase in the rocks you can see the nature-carved face of the supreme creator god Viracocha. According to one legend, it was here that the first Incas woke up in caves (according to another, this happened on the Island of the Sun of Lake Titicaca). At the top of the Olyamtaytambo pyramid there is a huge array of 7 stone monoliths, carefully polished and fitted to each other. Judging by the stone processing technique, it can be assumed that craftsmen from another country worked here. great empire- Tiahuanaco (present-day Bolivia). The side valley, extending from Ollantaytambo into the mountains, is very rich in various kinds of ruins and Inca objects. Later, the Spaniards turned the city into a fort.
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URUMAMBA
28 km from Cusco, at the foot of the majestic snow-capped Chicon peak, lies the Urubamba Valley. It is protected on all sides by mountains and has a warm, mild climate, which has a beneficial effect on both human health and the yield of fruits and vegetables.
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CITY OF LIMA
This city of 7 million people is located at the foot of the Andes on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. It was founded by the Spaniards in 1535. Lima's main historical attractions are associated with the colonial period. Tourists are invited to visit the main square - Plaza de Armas (Square of Weapons), the San Francisco monastery and its underground catacombs, the Acho bullring, the Descalsos monastery, the Rimac quarter, the Cathedral with the tomb of the conqueror of Peru Francisco Pizarro and the Government Palace.
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Lima's main historical attractions are associated with the colonial period. Tourists are invited to visit the main square - Plaza de Armas (Square of Weapons), the San Francisco monastery and its underground catacombs, the Acho bullring, the Descalsos monastery, the Rimac quarter, the Cathedral with the tomb of the conqueror of Peru Francisco Pizarro and the Government Palace.
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In the north of Arequipa in the upper reaches of the Colca River, famous for its rapids, among deep canyons is the Kolka Valley. The local population has been farming for many centuries and, thanks to the mild climate, reaps rich harvests. To preserve the harvest, unique ancient prototypes of refrigerators are used - “colcas”, which gave the name to this valley.
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CUSCO CITY
Translated from the Quechua Indian language, Cusco means “navel of the earth.” To this day, 500 years after the Spaniards arrived here, the city of Cusco remains a crossroads of two cultures. Cusco has a rich colonial past with many churches, such as the Church of La Compagnie and the Monastery of La Merced. The area around San Vlas, which is home to many artists and craftsmen, has not changed for hundreds of years. The foundations of the houses, masterfully finished by the famous Inca stonemasons, have survived to this day. Red tiled roofs and cobbled streets add a unique flavor to this ancient city.
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Cusco has a rich colonial past with many churches, such as the Church of La Compagnie and the Monastery of La Merced. The area around San Vlas, which is home to many artists and craftsmen, has not changed for hundreds of years. The foundations of some houses, skillfully finished by the famous Inca stonemasons, are still preserved in the city itself and outside it in the surrounding ruins. Red tiled roofs and cobbled streets add a unique flavor to this ancient city.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Square - 17 819 000 square kilometers
Population of South America - 331 000 000 Human
Highest mountains:
- Aconcagua ( Argentina ): 6,960 m .
- Ojos del Salado (Argentina- Chile ): 6,908 m .
Largest cities:
- Sao Paulo,
- Rio de Janeiro,
- Buenos Aires.
South America is the fourth largest continent on the planet by area.
It is washed by the Pacific Ocean from the west, and the Atlantic Ocean from the east. The entire continent is located in the western hemisphere and is crossed by the equator in its northern part. The continent is separated from Antarctica only by the Drake Passage.
Geography of South America
These are mountains and plains, forests and deserts. But main feature acts gigantic in its scale, the Amazon River basin and long chain Andes mountains
South America climate
The climate of South America varies depending on the distance from the equator. In the north, near the equator, there is a hot equatorial zone, with some very cold places in the highlands of the Andes. And in the south there is a frosty polar zone, due to its close location to Antarctica.
Due to heavy rainfall in South America, there are many rivers that carry their waters to Atlantic Ocean. The main rivers of the mainland: Amazon, Parana, Madeira, San Francisco.
There are almost no large lakes on the continent. Lake Titicaca in the Andes is the largest of the high mountain lakes.
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