Whispering waves and screaming seagulls: the largest port in the world. Largest seaports Second port in the world after Shanghai

Every year, developed countries strive to ensure that their ports meet all the requirements of shipping companies and rapidly growing demand. But while every country is focused on improving its port infrastructure, there are a few global leaders. Find out what are the largest ports in the world right now.

What is the largest port in the world?

1. Singapore port

The cargo port includes terminals in cities such as Tanjong Pagar, Keppel, Brani, Pasir Panjang, Sembawang and Jurong. The terminals are owned by PSA Singapore and Jurong Port.

The port receives an average of 140,000 ships per year and connects to 600 ports around the world. It is equipped with 204 quay cranes and a number of gantry cranes.

The Port of Singapore is currently undergoing a major terminal expansion project, which will add an additional 15 berths when fully operational in 2020.

2. Shanghai port

In 2010 it was the largest port in the world, but has now given way to Singapore. Its construction was recognized as a decisive factor in the development of the city of Shanghai. In 2012, the Chinese port handled 744 million tons of cargo, including 32.5 million TEU.

The port is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River and covers an area of ​​3,619 sq. km. The port complex is owned by the Shanghai International Ports Group (SIPG).

It consists of 125 berths with a total length of about 20 km. The port of Shanghai handles more than 2,000 container ships every month and accounts for a quarter of China's total foreign trade.

3. Port of Hong Kong

Back in 1987, this seaport was recognized as the busiest in the world. A key driver of Hong Kong's economic development, Victoria Harbor's natural shelter and deep waters provide ideal conditions for berthing and handling vessels of all types.

The number of container ships that passed through the Port of Hong Kong was 25,869 in 2016, with a net registered tonnage of 386,853 tonnes.

4. Port of Shenzhen

The Port of Shenzhen serves industrial facilities and companies located in the Pearl River Delta. It is considered the second largest seaport in China, especially in the southern part of mainland China.

The port is home to 39 shipping companies that operate 131 international container routes. 560 ships call at the port of Shenzhen every month. Shekou Passenger Terminal provides fast ferry services across the Pearl River Delta to Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai.

5. Busan Port

The Port of Busan ranks fifth on this list, serving the South Korean city of Busan as a leading contributor to its economic activities. Container handling is over 13 million TEU, making it a real contender for other Asian ports in the coming years.

The South Korean port handles 40% of all seaborne export cargo, 80% of container cargo and 42% of the country's fishery products. It is located on an area of ​​840,000 sq.m. and is capable of simultaneously serving 169 vessels.

6. Ningbo Port

The Port of Ningbo, which handled more than 453 million tons of cargo in 2012, is the sixth largest port in the world. Consisting of 309 berths, it connects to 600 ports in more than 100 countries.

It is located in the coastal province of Zhejiang and includes the port area of ​​Beilong, Zhenhai, Ningbo, Daxi and Chuangshan. The port is managed by Ningbo Port Group.

7. Port of Guangzhou

The Port of Guangzhou handled more than 460 million tons of cargo in 2012, making it the seventh largest port in the world. It is located in the center of the Pearl River Delta. For comparison, in 1999 the seaport handled 100 million tons of cargo.

The port consists of four main areas, including Guangzhou City Port, Huangpu Port, Xinsha Port and Nansha Port. It is currently the largest coal loading and unloading port in China.

8. Port Jebel - Ali (Dubai)

One of the main attractions of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Jebel Ali Port is located 35 km southwest of Dubai, in the Persian Gulf. Despite the 2009 crisis, the port was able to handle 10 million TEU.

9. Qingdao Port

Serves the province of Qingdao, located near the Yellow River. Consists of four areas: Dagang Port Area, Qianwan Port, Huangdong Oil Port Area (for oil tankers) and Dongjiakou Port.

It is well known for its handling of bulk carriers, with a transhipment record exceeding 10 million TEU.

10. Port of Rotterdam

The top ten is completed by the largest port on the European continent. Its area is 105 sq. km, and its length is 40 km. In 2012, it handled 441.5 million tons of cargo.

The Port of Rotterdam consists of five separate port areas and three distribution parks, which serve the needs of the hinterland with 40,000,000 consumers.

As we can see, almost all the largest ports in the world are Asian ports. Eastern countries are constantly developing and demonstrating their superiority in this area. The ten largest ports amaze with their impressive size and congestion.

World trade is developing rapidly. Enormous volumes of goods are moved every day from one point of the world to another on planes and trains, in small trucks and large trucks. It's hard to argue with the fact that the logistics industry has a huge impact on the global economy. The most profitable logistics channel for most goods moving from continent to continent is the sea route.

It is not surprising that today’s largest ocean ports resemble not even a city within a city, but a state within a state. The largest port in the world, the Port of Shanghai, is larger in area than countries such as Malta and the Maldives. The seaport of Shanghai occupies a confident leading position in this list not only in terms of area, but also in terms of the main indicator characterizing any port - container cargo turnover. In 2015, it reached a value of 646.5 million tons. Read more in the article.

• Country: China
• City: Shanghai
• Freight turnover, million tons: 646.5 million
• Measure: MT
• Cargo turnover TEU: 36.5 million.
• Type: Marine deep sea

It would be strange if China, this largest exporter-manufacturer, were not a leader in the volume and capacity of its ports. And Shanghai is one of the most advantageously located cities in this country. It can be said that this city was historically destined to become the largest transshipment base for most of the goods produced by China's gigantic industrial capacity.

The Shanghai port is located at the confluence of the Huangpu and Yangtze rivers. Port facilities extend along the river for 60 kilometers. More than 100 berths make up a 40 km long berth front. Each berth can accommodate 7 ships, and there are parking spaces for floating giants with a displacement of up to 10 thousand tons. Shanghai is connected to 600 other ports in 200 different regions and countries.

The port consists of 14 working zones, each of which specializes in certain types of cargo. The most important of them is the Yangshangang terminal, which was launched in 2005. In its waters there is a man-made harbor on Yangshan Island, connected to the mainland by a trans-sea bridge, the length of which is almost 33 km, making it the longest such structure in the world.

Yangshangang, in addition to loading and unloading operations, also provides dock services and towing of ships. With the launch of this terminal, the port of Shanghai rose to a leading position in terms of cargo turnover and has not lost ground since then.

Before the construction of the Yangshangang terminal, the main area of ​​the port was the Pudong International Container Terminal. It is located in Waigaoqiao, the Shanghai Free Trade Zone. The length of the berth front is 900 m, the total area is 500 thousand sq.m. Can simultaneously store about 10 thousand containers.

In addition to these two large terminals, the Port of Shanghai has separate, more modest cargo terminals, some of them connected to the railway network, some specializing in bulk cargo, grain, oil, bulk cargo, minerals and raw materials.

Almost the entire foreign trade turnover of Shanghai is transshipped through this huge port. Every 2nd ton of cargo in Shanghai's entire turnover is processed here. The share of this port in China's total maritime cargo turnover exceeds 20%.

• Country: Singapore
• Freight turnover, million tons: 560.9
• Measure: FT
• Freight turnover, million TEU: 32.6
• Type: Marine deep sea

The port of Singapore was the leader in the ranking of world seaports for a long time, until it was surpassed by Shanghai, rising to first place in 2010. The favorable geographical position, as well as the special economic regime of the state of Singapore, allowed it to hold the palm for many years, and it accounted for more than half of the world's cargo turnover. Every year more than 140 thousand ships enter this port.

The port of Singapore has established trade relations with 600 ports in 120 countries. This port, unlike the port of Shanghai, is a transshipment port, that is, more than 85% of cargo arriving here by sea is immediately reloaded onto other ships. The port of Singapore has 50 berths. Most of the port is owned by PSA Corporation Ltd - the former Port Authority. Now this holding controls all activities: management, operation and finance of the port.

Jurong Port stands apart - it is not owned by PSA Group and is managed by Jurong Town Corporation. This port was built to serve the Jurong Industrial Area. A free economic zone is located on its territory. The Port of Singapore also includes a Marina, as well as the Marina Bay Cruise Centre. Some of Singapore's refineries also have their own berths and terminals.

• Country: China
• City: Tianjin
• Freight turnover, million tons: 477.3
• Measure: MT
• Freight turnover, million TEU: 13.0

Northern port of China. Located in the city of Tianjin, not far from the capital - Beijing, west of the Bohai Bay, at the mouth of the Haihe River. This port is not as deep as the Shanghai one, it can receive ships with a displacement not exceeding 300 thousand tons. The area of ​​​​indoor storage facilities is 188 thousand sq. m, the container area is 840 thousand sq. m.

The berth front consists of 26 berths with equipment for unloading and loading general, bulk, container cargo, rolled metal, as well as oil and liquid cargo. A free economic zone is located on its territory. In 2015, the port became infamous for a serious disaster in which more than 100 people were killed and another 700 were injured when an explosion occurred within the port.

• Country: China
• City: Guangzhou
• Freight turnover, million tons: 472.8
• Measure: MT
• Freight turnover, million TEU: 15.3
• Type: Marine deep sea

Another Chinese port on the list. Tianjin is the northern port, Shanghai is Central China, Guangzhou is the southern port. It is located at the mouth of the Pearl River. This city was also one of the first to be opened by the Chinese to foreigners, and it is natural that one of the largest ports in China grew up here.

Only a very small proportion of southern China's exports pass the port of Guangzhou. It is the fifth most sought after port in the world. This port is connected to 300 ports in 80 different regions of the world. Total warehouse area - 168 thousand sq.m. Consists of 4 production zones serving general, bulk and container cargo.

• Country: China
• City: Qingdao
• Freight turnover, million tons: 450.1
• Measure: MT
• Freight turnover, million TEU: 15.5
• Type: Deep sea port

This port is located on the Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea. Cooperates with 400 ports in 130 different regions and countries around the world.

The port specializes in raw materials - lumber, oil and petroleum products, rolled metal, as well as grain and other bulk cargo. Also accepts general and container cargo. The port is equipped with large grain and oil storage facilities. In addition, there is a large passenger terminal, from where both cruise ships and passenger ferries depart to South Korea.

The area of ​​covered warehouses at the port of Qingdao is 57 thousand sq.m., the container area is 340 thousand sq.m. Qingdao is also home to the northern base of the Chinese Navy, and a large part of the port is controlled and used by the Chinese Navy for basing submarines and destroyers.

• Country: Netherlands
• City: Rotterdam
• Freight turnover, million tons: 444.5
• Measure: MT
• Freight turnover, million TEU: 11.7
• Type: Marine deep sea

Rotterdam is truly a global “window to Europe”. It is located in the North Sea, in the delta of the Rhine and Meuse rivers. Through these rivers the port communicates with other European countries: Belgium, France, Germany. Rotterdam was the world's busiest port until 1982, when Asian ports came to the fore. Today it is the largest and most powerful port in Europe, followed by the largest port of Antwerp in Belgium and the port of Hamburg in Germany.

Rotterdam specializes in non-packaged cargo - liquid and bulk, and also accepts containers and general cargo. Its total area exceeds 100 thousand square meters, the length of the berthing front is about 40 km. Capacity is about 30 thousand vessels per year. One owner of the port is the state, the other is the city. The port has no private owners. Operational activities are managed by the Port of Rotterdam, a management company. The port includes a historical area - the old port, where excursions are held.

• Country Russia
• City: Novorossiysk
• Freight turnover, million tons: 73.6
• Measure: MT
• Freight turnover, million TEU: 0.610
• Type: Marine deep sea

This port is not among the 20 largest ports in the world, but it is the largest seaport in Russia. Located in the Black Sea. About 20% of Russia's exports and imports pass through it. It is also the fifth largest cargo turnover in Europe.

The area of ​​the Novorossiysk port is about 240 thousand sq.m. The length of the berthing front is 15 km. The port handles bulk, liquid and general cargo. The port is closely connected to the railway network. About 300 thousand cars pass through the Novorossiysk station per year.

Seven Chinese ports are among the world's ten largest ports

BEIJING, Aug. 15 (Xinhua) -- There are currently seven Chinese ports on the list of the world's top ten ports. The Chinese newspaper Jingji Cankaobao reported this on Tuesday.

Let us recall that among these Chinese ports there are Shanghai, Shenzhen, Zhoushan, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Qingdao and Tianjin.

Currently in China there are 34 ports, the cargo turnover of each of which exceeds 100 million tons per year. By the end of 2016, the number of berths in Chinese ports capable of receiving ships with a displacement of 10 thousand tons or more reached 2317 , which is 30 percent. more than five years ago.

In recent years, China has made impressive progress in developing its port infrastructure. An ore terminal capable of receiving ships with a displacement of up to 400 thousand tons was put into operation in the port of Qingdao, and an oil terminal for tankers with a displacement of up to 450 thousand tons was put into operation in the port of Ningbo.

At the end of 2017, the 4th stage of the Shanghai Yangshan deep-water port is expected to enter into trial operation, which will strengthen the status of Shanghai as the world's largest port. As an important port on the 21st century Maritime Silk Road, Shanghai receives container cargo from 214 countries and regions around the world. In the future, its capacity will increase.

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I read this message and my soul asked for details.

Here are the details, although a little outdated.

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Periscope writes from the depths of the Pacific Ocean ( periskop)

Largest ports in the world (2014)

I recently did a review of the largest ports in Russia based on the results of 2015.

And I was asked several times what the overall picture is like in the world.

So, now you can look at the situation based on the results of 2014 (according to the AAPA World Port Rankings). It takes into account the 100 largest ports on the planet according to two indicators - cargo turnover and container turnover. Since the ranking has been going on for many years, it is very interesting to compare the record-breaking ports in comparable terms with a distance of about 10 years: this approach clearly shows the global shift in world trade and activity to East Asia, which now generates the bulk of tonnage.

In addition, the relatively modest role of the EU and the United States in maritime trade is visible. The main content of the decade 2003-2014 was the rise of China: now the ports of this country - the “workshop of the world” of the early 21st century - occupy most of the Top 25. Their growth over the decade is the fastest, if not explosive.

(here are the first 25)

As you can see, the total turnover of the 25 largest ports over the decade increased by 82% - from 4.2 billion to 7.7 billion tons and reflects the overall increase in the intensity of world trade. The average size of a port has also increased significantly - if in 2003 even ports with a cargo turnover of less than 100 million tons were included in the Top 25, now the threshold for entering the “major league” is 150 million tons. But this is only the general picture; a lot has changed inside too.

And the most significant thing in the structure of changes is China's rapid growth(highlighted in yellow on the table).

If in 2003 there were two Chinese ports in the top ten: Shanghai and Guangzhou, plus Hong Kong (which historically inherited this position from the time of the British protectorate and only 6 years ago entered the PRC as a special administrative region), then in 2014 - 6 (!), that is, more than half of the top ten! Moreover, Shanghai took unconditional first place.

Ongoing decline in Japan's role, which has been steadily reducing its role in global shipping traffic for a decade and a half. In 2003, two Japanese ports (Chiba, Nagoya) were in the top ten and Yokohama was in 21st place, but a decade later there were two of them left and they fell to 16th and 23rd places. South Korea also experienced a slight decrease in its share, with an absolute increase in cargo turnover (2003 - 4 ports in the Top 25, 2014 - 3 and positions lower). Dropped out of the Top 25 by Taiwan (Kaohsiung).

European Union in 2003 it was represented by four ports in the Top 25 - Rotterdam (the main European hub), Antwerp, Hamburg and Marseille. By the middle of the “tenths” there were only two of them left, and they dropped significantly in the ranking - for example, Rotterdam from second place in the world to seventh. German and French ports dropped out of the Top 25 altogether, and now occupy 26th (Hamburg) and 47th (Marseille) places. Next come Amsterdam (39th place), Spanish Algeciras (43rd) and Bremen (48th). Italian and English ports (these countries were formerly major maritime powers) are at the rear of the list. Thus, the English Grimsby occupies the 68th position, and the Italian Trieste - the 71st. London - once the gateway to the "workshop of the world" - is in 96th place.

United States also lost relative positions: in 2003 - 3 ports in the Top 25, including 5th and 6th places; in 2014 - only 2 or lower, and New York dropped from 18th to 34th place. Australia's share has increased: if a decade ago it was represented by a single port in 25th position, now there are three, including fifth position in the world. However, Australian cargo turnover is very specific and represents the export of mineral resources.

In general, in the table we can distinguish two fundamentally different types of ports: specialized and universal. The former process predominantly a certain type of cargo, which occupies the overwhelming share of their loading (Australian Port Hedland, for example). The latter work with a wide range of cargo - serving, as a rule, a large economically active region (Shanghai, Rotterdam).

(first 25)

Here, too, two types can be distinguished: ports located directly in places where cargo flows are generated (say, Shanghai) and those that specialize in transshipment operations at a convenient point in the World Ocean with the intersection of routes, the so-called. Transshipment (Singapore).

It should also be noted that the turnover of containers in the world has been growing noticeably faster than overall cargo turnover (for TOP-25 ports - 113% increase versus 66%).

Rotterdam was once the largest container port on the planet (1987). This time has long passed - in 2003 he dropped to 8th place, and now he is only in 11th place, continuously losing positions. At the beginning of the 2000s, Hong Kong and Singapore held unconditional leadership, mainly due to transshipment operations. However, now “mainland” China has taken the lead: even if we single out Hong Kong with its status as a special region, there are 6 (!) Chinese ports in the top ten - Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Tianjin. A real "workshop of the world"!

Patterns with the decline in the role of the EU and the United States with Japan are also active here: their share is falling, despite the fact that they specialize in products with higher added value (2014: EU - 4 ports in the Top 25, USA - 3). According to this indicator, Japanese ports are no longer in the Top 25, but the Vietnamese have appeared (Saigon).

Dubai, which has tripled in size, serves as a hub for the Middle East region. Busan in South Korea retained its position, but Indonesia and the Philippines dropped out of the Top 25. Taiwanese ports have lost weight in the table of ranks - for example, Kaohsiung dropped from 6th to 13th place.

Russian ports occupy a modest place in both ratings: our country’s share in world trade is small, and transport traffic to a very large extent is continental, not maritime. The largest port in Russia - Novorossiysk(127 million tons, 2015), which is now rapidly catching up Ust-Luga, approaching the hundred million mark (87.9 million tons). The largest container port in Russia - Saint Petersburg(approx. 2.5 million TEU). By the way, in the AAPA tables, the cargo turnover of Russian ports is given in a significantly underestimated amount - perhaps the accounting methodology differs.

2) Freight turnover indicators: MT - metric ton, FT - freight ton, RT - customs ton. The last two indicators take into account not only weight, but also volume, taking into account the cases of “heavy but compact load” and “light load with large volume” and setting a strictly defined weight-to-volume ratio. Ports in different countries measure their performance in these slightly different units of measurement.

3) Transshipment is a mode of transportation in which the carrier has the right at any time to reload the cargo onto another ship, without removing responsibility for its delivery to the owner.

Determining the largest ports in the world allows you to properly organize logistics. The level of congestion at various ports plays an important role in the processing and analysis of available data. Container loading volume is one of the most important characteristics that must be taken into account when determining the optimal direction for transporting goods.

The seaport of Shanghai is the largest in the world, due to its convenient location. The port is located between the southern and northern sides of China and has direct access to the sea. The 2012 figure is one of the best: during the year we managed to service 32 and a half million twenty-foot containers.

Shanghai is the main naval base and the largest port of China, located on the Huangpu River at a distance of 50 kilometers from the coast of the East China Sea. Port facilities occupy 60 kilometers of the river coast, and the length of the berth front exceeds 40 kilometers and includes more than 100 berths. The total turnover of sea freight transport in Shanghai exceeds 100,000,000 tons.

The following cargoes are traditionally imported into the port:

• corn;
• coal;
• industrial equipment;
• corn.

General cargo is most often transported from the port.

The complex includes:

• special unit for loading and unloading sea cargo;
• container terminal, which receives and processes containers;
• a special pier for coal transportation;
• berths;
• warehouses with a total area of ​​260,000 square meters;
• open cargo areas with an area of ​​100,000 square meters;
• shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises.

You can guess that the port of Shanghai turned out to be the most important in the world for a reason.

This port complex ranks second in size. Moreover, the turnover of containers per year can exceed 30 million.

The port in Singapore is traditionally called the “gateway of Europe”, because it allows connecting Asian and European countries. In most cases, all equipment sold in Europe passes through this transport facility. Every day, port employees process about 80 thousand containers, and large ships always wait for special permission to sail into the territory.

The high technology of the seaport includes 11 radars for monitoring vessels, more than a thousand innovative and reliable video cameras. Only modern technologies make it possible to successfully service all container ships and cargo ships.

This port complex is located on the southeast coast of China and has 14 berths. The annual turnover is approximately 23,000,000 TEU. Every year, port employees service about 7,500 cargo ships, as well as 15,000 small boats and ships. Such indicators, as in other cases, turn out to be worthy.

This port complex can accommodate up to 23,000,000 twenty-foot containers per year.

Port includes:

• 141 berths;
• 27 shipyards;
• 18 passenger terminals;
• covered warehouse area – 360 thousand square meters;
• The area of ​​the container site is 60,000 square meters.

Such figures indicate a high level of functionality of the Shenzhen port, which in most cases imports placer ores, grain crops, chemical and petroleum products, rolled metal, and liquefied gas.

In South Korea, the port of Busan is capable of receiving cargo ships capable of transporting up to 50,000 tons of cargo. The port complex is located on the coast of the Korea Strait in a natural harbor. The length of the berth front exceeds ten kilometers.

The port complex is located at the intersection of northern and western directions. In addition, Ningbo is successfully used for inland navigation along the Yangtze River. The port includes several divisions that successfully interact with each other.

This port complex can handle more than 12,000,000 containers with a loading capacity of up to 20 feet.

The terminals of the port complex can successfully handle up to 14.5 million containers.

This port successfully handles up to 13.4 million containers per year.

It is this port complex that is ready to break into the tenth place of the largest ports with an annual transportation volume of 12.3 million.

All cargo ports in the world, which serve a large number of ships and containers, must meet high requirements for reliability, functionality and modernity. It is not so easy to enter the TOP 10 of the largest ports in the world and reliably maintain its position, but the best enterprises successfully cope with the task.

Video: Top 10 largest ports in the world