How are the properties of air used? Let's limit the use of balloons You can make used balloons.

Balloons are products made from thin, specially processed latex. When a balloon is inflated with air or helium, its walls stretch and become very thin, so finished balloon products must be handled correctly.

Most often we use round balloons filled with helium or air. That's why they hang on the ceiling or lie on the floor. Immediately after inflation, they are exposed to aggressive environmental influences. Factors that are very difficult to influence include:

Sunlight, under its influence, the walls of the ball are oxidized and destroyed, the stronger the sun shines, the more goes faster process;

High ambient temperature, under its influence, the gas inside the ball heats up, which leads to increased movement of its molecules, as a result of which these molecules quickly leak through the walls of the ball into the environment and the ball loses its ability to fly;

High humidity has a negative effect on the polymer glue applied to the inner surface of the ball; it simply does not dry out and does not prevent the release of helium into the surrounding space;

Thunderstorm, in such weather the oxidation processes of the ball are accelerated many times over.

Negative factors that can be influenced include:

Suspended ceilings, which, in Russian terms, are made of compressed glass wool, sharp particles may remain on their surface, destroying the ball upon contact with them;

Strong wind, in which the balls rub against each other and in some cases may burst;

Dust raised by the wind from a nearby construction site, road, or sandbox acts on the ball like sandpaper, wiping it;

Contact with any sharp or hot objects;

Transporting balls in a dusty luggage compartment.

When using balls, these factors must be taken into account, which means:

1. Avoid direct sunlight shining on the balls.
2. Do not use balloons in hot weather or hot rooms.
3. To ensure maximum flight time, do not use balloons in areas with high humidity.
4. During storms, thunderstorms and strong gusts of wind, do not take the balloons outside.
5. Transport and carry the balls carefully.

In addition to round balls, there are various compositions of balls. When done professionally, they are made without the use of glue. This allows you to give the figures additional strength and use them not only as decoration, but also as a toy for children. Such products are influenced by all the same factors as round balls. But, when using them as a toy, you may encounter a number of problems:

When using such toys, they may burst, scaring adults or children, losing their presentation, or simply deteriorating;

When an explosion occurs, the balls scatter into small pieces, which can lead to injury to both children and adults;

Balloon products can have inscriptions or designs made with permanent markers that can stain hands, face, or clothing;

Some elements made from balloons are very small; a child can tear them off the product and swallow them.

It turns out that not only the environment can have a negative impact on the balls, leading to loss of their presentation, reducing flight time, but the balls themselves can have a negative impact on the person who uses these balls. When ordering balloons, you must take this into account.

There are varioustypes of balloons independing on the material they are made of, their purpose or how they look. Here are some interesting information about them.

History of hot air balloons

Many years have passed since the Montgolfier brothers sent their three animal passengers to see if humans could survive a hot air balloon ride. And we still fly hot air balloons because there is nothing like it.

Hot Air Balloon Facts

Balloons are simple, but there is a wide range of different balloons available for different purposes. They are used for sports, recreation, science, medicine, as decoration, in the military and for many more interesting things. By the way, if you need balloons with numbers, we recommend going to the website of the Vozdushny Store.

Balloon

Balloons may look simple, but there are many years of research and experimentation behind them (and human lives). Today, balloons made for human flight are carefully made.

History and facts about varioustypes of balloons

Balloons: One of the oldest types of balloons and the earliest flying machines to carry people safely into the air. They first appeared in the 18th century and are still popular today. They work because they are launched into the air with heated air, which is lighter than cold air, and because of this it lifts balloon up. Their ancestors are flying lanterns that first appeared in third century China.

Gas cylinders: appeared simultaneously with by air balls. It is filled with a gas that is lighter than air, usually hydrogen or helium. Hydrogen is cheaper and easier to obtain, but is dangerous because it can explode when mixed with oxygen in the air. Helium is more expensive, but safer because it is inert.

Toy balloons : Small balloons made of rubber, latex or aluminized plastic and mainly used for children's play, party decoration and advertising. Before this material and Michael Faraday who made the first rubber balloon, balloons were made from pig bladders.

Weather balloons : Large balloons made of highly flexible latex to carry instruments that measure barometric pressure, temperature, humidity and other weather characteristics. One of the first to use hot air balloons was Leoen Teisserin de Bort, a French meteorologist in 1896.

Solar ball: A balloon that rises in the air when the air inside it is heated by solar radiation. The first solar globe was invented by Dominic Michaelis, a British architect and inventor in 1972.

After many decades of almost complete oblivion, balloons are gradually returning to our lives. And we are talking not only about entertainment and sports aircraft, but also about their industrial and scientific use. In this review we have collected 5 most obvious examples as V modern world are used Balloons, and in what ways they might be useful in the future.

A group of engineering students from Boston dream of private space exploration. Of course, they do not have billions of dollars that can be invested in the development of appropriate technologies, as businessmen Elon Musk and Richard Branson do, therefore, the scale of their activities is much more modest. However, they can already boast of several successful launches of aircraft to high altitudes.

For example, in 2014, students made several trips using balloons. They attached a mobile phone with a camera turned on to the balloons and released them. The balloons rose to a height of 29 kilometers, where they burst, torn apart from the inside by high pressure compared to the outside. They then found the dropped phone thanks to the turned on GPS sensor.

Of course, 29 kilometers is far from Space or even suborbital space. However, with each new launch, the altitude of such flights increases - students are constantly modifying their balloons. For now, their maximum goal is to reach the 50 km mark.

Ideologically connected with the manipulations of Boston students is a completely “serious” project called Bloostar from the Spanish company Zero2Infinity. It involves launching artificial Earth satellites into orbit using balloons.

Of course, the creators understand that due to the pressure difference inside and outside the balloon increasing with each subsequent kilometer of altitude, balloons cannot rise to 100 km and above. However, this is not necessary. The project involves the use of balloons to help spacecraft overcome gravity.

The balloons will lift them to a height of 20 kilometers, after which the devices will separate and fly further on their own, using a traditional stepped rocket system. This technology will significantly save resources when launching satellites into orbit, because most of the fuel is consumed by rockets at launch, at the moment of lifting off from the earth's surface.

Bloostar technology will make it possible to launch objects weighing up to 75 kilograms to an altitude of up to 600 kilometers.

Another promising project from the Spanish company Zero2Infinity. As part of this tech initiative, she plans to create balloons with pressurized capsules attached that can seat four people.

Bloon balloons will be able to rise to a height of up to 40 kilometers. This indicator, of course, is far from even the level of suborbital flights that take place around the 100 km mark. However, even this height will be enough for passengers to feel the closeness of Space, and to feel like almost real astronauts.

Having risen to maximum altitude, Zero2Infinity's balloons will be able to stay there for three hours (compared to a few minutes when flying on Virgin Galactic shuttles), and then smoothly descend to the Earth's surface for five to six hours. In this case, the ascent itself will take place in hot air balloon mode, and the descent – ​​in paraglider mode.

During the flight, passengers will be able to admire the amazing beauty of planet Earth, and these views cannot be observed even on board airliners during transcontinental flights, because Bloon devices rise four times higher. Moreover, the cost of such a trip will be a couple of tens of thousands of American dollars. For comparison, prices for flights with Virgin Galactic start at 250 thousand.

At the end of 2014, a group of NASA scientists and engineers from McMurdo Station in Antarctica launched the first copy of a new generation of balloons, a scientific balloon with a maximum volume of 538 thousand cubic meters.

These kinds of balloons are expected to become the basis for scientific research in the coming decades. After all, they can lift a load weighing 2,300 kilograms to a height of up to 33 kilometers. This balloon can continuously remain in the sky for about a hundred days, despite the fact that the current record for maximum flight duration is 55 days.

The first scientific balloon of a new generation lifted the COSI gamma-ray telescope to altitude, which is capable of detecting areas in the sky that emit gamma rays, the study of which will reveal a huge number of cosmic mysteries.

According to the famous designer Olivier Grossetette, the force of the balloons is quite enough to hold a small pedestrian bridge, stretching over a lake in one of the parks on an estate in northwestern England.

Pont de Singe or "Monkey Bridge" is one of the most unusual bridges worldwide. After all, it stays above the water not with the help of massive bases, but only with the help of three large balloons attached to the structure. At the same time, to prevent the bridge from flying away, it is fixed to the ground with the help of several tied bags of sand.

True, Pont de Singe is just a decorative decoration of the park. It does not perform any practical function. The flimsy structure is not intended for people to walk on - it will immediately go under water under the weight of their bodies.

The Pont de Singe bridge is located in the so-called “Japanese” part of the English manor park. This design, according to the author, seeks to revive poetry and dreams in the hustle and bustle of modern life.

: Private Space: who and why spends money on personal rockets and space shuttles.

Balloons are an attribute of any celebration. They give a lot of positivity and lift your spirits. The creator of the bright object is considered to be the English physicist Faraday, who in 1824 made it from several sheets of rubber pressed together. Since then appearance has changed significantly, but the emotions caused by flying surprises remain invariably positive among people of any age. Not everyone thinks that the practical use of balloons is possible. And there are a lot of such options.

Interesting ways for the budget conscious

The subject of universal joy is fraught with enormous possibilities. You just have to look from the other side. Many useful items are easy to make for kids:

• Happy drum. The rubber is stretched over the top of the glass jar. With the help of pencils and the child's diligence, the musical instrument will sound. A son and daughter can sit with this toy for more than one hour.
• Painting medium. A slightly inflated balloon will replace the brush. Just dip the edge in paint and make bright prints on a piece of paper. The result of creativity will be similar to the works of great impressionist artists.
• Anti-stress animal. A rubber bag filled with kinetic sand will turn into a calming device. The item can take on intricate shapes, developing imagination.
• Decor for glasses. Cut tails different color You can tie it to the stem of a wine glass. The children's party table will get a bright detail.

The attribute can also be useful for parents. Many housewives will approve of a competent household assistant.

Help with cooking

Kitchen gadgets are expensive, but everyone wants to create masterpieces. Alternatives to contraptions are very easy to find.

Non-standard uses of paper towels

Options:

• Delicious dessert plates can be prepared using chocolate and a balloon. The size is selected at will. First you need to make a mount so that the cup is stable. To do this, pour a spoonful of chocolate mixture onto a saucer. The inflated ball is dipped in hot chocolate and placed on the base. All that remains is to cool the masterpiece.
• Some dishes require quick cooling of ingredients, and ice cube trays are not always available. Water can also be frozen in a bright ball. The resulting assistants will provide the required temperature for both food and soft drinks. This option can also be used on a picnic; you just need to stock up on round “mini-fridges” in advance.

Use in the countryside

Leaving for Vacation home, many risk forgetting to take some necessary things with them. It is enough to save the leftovers from the holiday in the closet so that relaxation does not turn into survival.

Ideas for the thrifty:

• The ball can replace a container for liquid; it can hold up to 2 liters of water. From such a “bucket” you can water a recently planted bush or tree.
• Flowers will not wither on the road if you place them in an improvised vase. The savior of plants will be a holiday attribute familiar to everyone. You can also make a full-fledged vessel for a bouquet from it. To do this, it is placed in a bottle or jar and the edges are secured to the neck.
• Seeds for sowing are also well preserved in the ball. You need to pay attention to the lack of moisture, otherwise rotting processes will begin.
• It is very easy to get wet in the rain at the dacha. To prevent a wet knitted headdress from losing its shape, it is recommended to dry it on an inflated ball. The main thing is not to overdo it with the size, otherwise the hat will stretch.

Interesting ideas for reusing cans

Options for Teens

Modern schoolchildren follow fashion and understand many technical innovations.

Not everyone has the opportunity to constantly buy expensive accessories for gadgets, but anyone can make them with their own hands.

Extraordinary ideas:

• It is easy to make a case from an unusual material mobile phone. You should inflate the balloon, clamp the outlet hole and place the smartphone on it. Gently release the air by pressing on the mobile phone. When the air is completely released, the rubber will fit tightly to the body.
• To catch the subtle sounds of music and increase the volume, just apply the balls to your ears. In Europe, they do not hesitate to use this method even at classical music concerts. What can we say about the Russian fun disco?

Stories from different countries

Japan is a place of amazing discoveries. Craftsmen came up with the idea of ​​tinkering balloons that resemble deli meats. Such props on store windows attract customers and are completely uninteresting to insects.

In America they paid attention to art. Sculptor Larry Moss created copies of paintings by famous artists. He also developed a collection of extraordinary clothes from balloons. And the aerial sculpture even ended up in the Guinness Book of Records.

The hot air balloon has neither motors nor the usual rudder. From the entire technological arsenal - only burners, sandbags and a special valve in the upper part of the dome for air etching. How to control this aircraft?

From the history of aeronautics

The birth of hot air balloons was the first real embodiment of mankind's age-old dream of conquering the fifth ocean. In 1306, the French missionary Bassu first described how, while in China, he witnessed the flight of a hot air balloon during the accession of Emperor Pho Kien to the throne.

However, the birthplace of aeronautics is considered to be the French town of Annoney, where on June 5, 1783, the brothers Etienne and Joseph Montgolfier lifted into the sky a spherical balloon they created, filled with heated air.

The flight of the aircraft, weighing about 155 kg and with a diameter of 3.5 meters, lasted only 10 minutes. During this time, he covered about a kilometer at a 300-meter altitude, which was an outstanding event for its time. Later, hot air balloons began to be called hot air balloons in honor of their creators.

The Montgolfier brothers' balloon consisted of a linen shell covered with paper. To fill it with hot air, a fire of finely chopped straw was lit. And 3 months later, an addition was made to the design of the aircraft in the form of a special basket for passengers.

Modern balloons are undoubtedly more advanced, but they are made according to almost the same design. To make the spherical shell of the ball, a special thin and durable polyester material is used. The air heating system has changed. The fire function is performed by an adjustable propane gas burner installed in a basket directly under the dome.

Despite their greater dependence on the wind, modern hot air balloons are controllable. The flight altitude is adjusted by an outlet at the top of the canopy using a rip cord. A side valve is provided to change the course. There are also more complex designs, where another one filled with helium can be placed inside the main dome.

How to control a hot air balloon with a basket

Flying a balloon is an activity that requires serious preparation and considerable financial costs. Suffice it to say that a balloon pilot training course today costs about 200 thousand rubles. The price of the balloon itself (depending on the model) is comparable to the price of a passenger car.

Preparation

The flight is preceded by careful preparation. First of all, it is necessary to study the weather conditions - cloudiness, visibility and wind speed. In accordance with the received data, the flight route is planned. Due to unforeseen changes in weather conditions, a route is chosen where there are enough places along the way for safe landings.

Takeoff

It takes the entire crew to make the balloon take off. The best place to start is a flat area 50 x 50 meters in an open field, where there are no foreign objects nearby - poles, trees, power lines.

Then the assembly of the ball begins: burners are attached to the basket, which are connected by special hoses to gas cylinders. After a test run of the burner, the crew begins to stretch the canopy (necessarily in the direction of the wind). Next, the stretched canopy is fastened to the basket with special carabiners.

The next step is to fill the dome with cold air using a fan, after which the burner starts to heat the air. The heated air lifts the dome from the ground, and the crew (with passengers) takes their places. To prevent the ball from flying away, it is first tied to the car.

Flight

Despite the lack of a motor and wings, the balloon is controllable, which requires certain skills. The main controls are the burners and the exhaust valve. To gain altitude, the burner is turned on and the air is additionally heated, and to decrease, the valve opens slightly. Horizontal flight occurs due to a tailwind. This is where the pilot's skill comes into play. So, to fly faster, it can increase its flight altitude, where the wind speed is stronger.

Descent

The landing site is selected in advance. It must be large and safe. The ideal option is a football field next to the highway. The crew radios to the ground about the landing site. Next, the pilot releases air from the canopy using a valve. The ball smoothly falls to the ground.