Driver's license marked colorblind. Colorblind people allowed to drive
Even if you have never met a person who is unable to distinguish any colors, it must be said that color blindness is a fairly common disease of our time. Among the inhabitants of the planet, not only people can be color blind. Many animals are "owners" of color blindness. For example, bulls are not at all familiar, but formidable predators like lions and tigers know only blue and green. Cats and dogs perceive colors in the same way. Walruses, whales and dolphins do not distinguish colors at all and see the world around them in black and white.
Why are not all colors visible to the eye?
The retina of the human eye is a complex, multifactorial tool of the organ of vision, which transforms the light stimulus and allows you to see the object in its exact form and with all shades of color. It is equipped with light-sensitive cones containing a pigment responsible for determining color. A person has three types of light sensors located on the retina of the eye, the so-called cones. Each contains a certain set of protein pigments. Speaking unscientifically, each of these cones is responsible for the perception of a certain color: red, green and blue. In the case when one of the set of protein pigments is missing, a person loses the ability to perceive a certain color. With the normal functioning of all three sensors, a person distinguishes about a million shades of color, but with two - only 10,000 (100 times less). Color blindness is a deviation from the norm when the work of at least one light sensor is disrupted.
Colorblind people have little or no color perception, but can recognize colors by brightness or by tones that are cold or warm. Colorblind people are not always aware of their disease and do not notice their differences in perception from the sensations of other people. Memory helps them with this. It is the memory and brightness of the image that allows them to judge a certain color and compare it with another palette.
Types of color blindness
Color blindness also has many varieties. Sometimes a person is born with less than three color cones. Hence the groups of people according to the perception of color:
Trichromats (normal, all three cones of protein pigments function in the retina of the eye).
Dichromates (only two cones function; there are problems with recognizing many shades).
It was this deviation that John Dalton, an English naturalist, identified in himself, and was the first to describe color blindness according to his own feelings from a scientific point of view. He just belonged to the group of dichromats, when red and green colors are seen as different. D. Dalton wrote his first work on color blindness at the end of the 18th century.
Monochromats (only one type of cones functions; in this case, a color blindness test will show that people do not know about colors, the whole world is black and white for them).
Anomalous trichromats
There are deviations in people whose retina is equipped with all three light sensors, and it would seem that all colors should be perceived. The problem may lie in the so-called color dips. The fact is that, ideally, the sensitivity zones of the light sensors of the eye, which are responsible for the perception of a certain color, should overlap each other, necessarily evenly. This makes it possible for the eye to perceive all the shades when moving from one color to another: from blue to green, from green to yellow, from yellow to orange and beyond. When the sensitivity zones shift (superimpose one on top of the other), they begin to argue, shades overlap, pure colors fade. The brain gets confused and starts to identify some colors as just grey. This is called abnormal tricolor vision.
Color blindness is congenital
Partial or complete inability to distinguish colors is a hereditary or acquired pathology (much less common).
Hereditary color blindness is a recessive trait of inheritance associated with the pathology of the X chromosome, so more often the disease is inherited from the mother by boys.
As you know, the female embryo is a carrier of two X chromosomes. But for normal color perception, one healthy X chromosome will be enough. For girls, the disease only spreads when both mother and father suffer from color blindness. But even in this case, according to the laws of genetics, color blindness in women who have only one chromosome with the affected gene, which does not appear in the carrier, can be inherited by the son. But that doesn't have to happen either. The gene for color blindness can be passed down even through several generations. Again, the male population is more often at risk.
According to statistics, color blindness in women is recorded only in 0.1% of cases. Among men, 8% are colorblind. With a hereditary factor, color blindness is, as a rule, a pathology of both eyes that does not progress over time.
Color blindness acquired
The main factors influencing the acquisition of color blindness are always directly or indirectly associated with either brain injuries or damage to the retina. Sometimes a concussion received in childhood can subsequently affect color perception. In addition to childhood trauma, other factors can also influence the acquisition of color blindness:
- Old age.
- Eye damage due to trauma.
- Concomitant eye diseases (glaucoma, cataract, etc.).
- Medications that have side effects.
Diagnosis of color blindness. Testing
Color blindness is a given that you just need to accept. He is not being treated. It's the same as an ear for music: some have it, some don't. Never self-diagnose. If you notice a deviation in the perception of color in yourself or your children, you need to contact a specialist. There are proven methods for determining color blindness and its type.
1. Rabkin's test (polychromatic tables).
The test for color blindness in this test is done by looking at tables that show various numbers or letters. Readable images are applied using color spots that are the same in contrast and brightness. The result of the test will be the ability of the subject to recognize the necessary numbers or letters in the images.
2. Ishihara test.
A similar test in the form of tables that allows you to more accurately determine the moderate, severe degree of color blindness and complete color blindness. There is a complete edition of this test with 38 tables. They are used by professional ophthalmologists.
An abbreviated version of 24 tables is used for express testing at municipal institutions, airports. There is also a short specialized edition of 10 tables for preschoolers and illiterate people. Instead of letters and numbers in these tables, images of geometric shapes and various lines are used.
Color blindness and human profession
The limitations that may be associated with the choice of a profession for a color blind person are very important. First of all, these restrictions apply to professions where there is responsibility for life, one's own or other people's. Colorblind people are not accepted for military service, they cannot be pilots aircraft, commercial vehicle drivers and chemists. For these professions, annual medical examinations are mandatory, which are admission to. If a person has color blindness during the examination, his rights in the profession are sharply reduced. He can engage in theoretical training of young professionals, perform office work related to his professional skills.
Color blindness and driver's license
If in some professions color blindness is a sentence, then for obtaining restrictions do not apply to all. The opinion of a specialist is important here.
Driving license and color blindness are quite compatible concepts, but only after the conclusion of an ophthalmologist. Only the doctor determines the type and degree of color blindness, and therefore issues permission to the patient to manage private car. Color-blind people can get the rights of categories "A" and "B", in which there will necessarily be a mark "Without the right to work for hire."
Help for colorblind people
Scientists regularly offer new medical "gadgets" that can alleviate the plight of people with disabilities. It turns out that despite the fact that doctors cannot fix cone sensors, it has become possible to reprogram the brain to perceive color correctly. Today, special glasses have appeared, in which narrow spectral strips are simply “cut out” by lenses and pure colors are separated from each other. The principle of contrast enhancement allows red, blue and green colors not to mix.
Science has helped many colorblind people see colors they didn't even know existed: purple, bright green, and bright red.
Violation of the color spectrum often not only causes discomfort, but provokes certain restrictions in some areas of human life. So, problems of visual perception can provoke a ban on driving, as an option. That is why you should be aware of how color blindness and driver license in 2017.
Characteristics of the disease
The vowel feature is that the human eye cannot distinguish one or two colors. The retina of the eye has in its structure boxes in which there are pigments of yellow, blue and red colors. They are the main ones. All other shades and colors of a person can be seen when these three colors are mixed.
If one of the pigments is missing or its quantity is not enough, the person does not perceive this or that color correctly. Usually there is a deficiency of red pigment.
Such a disease can develop for some reasons:
received injury;
birth anomaly;
other diseases of the eye.
The disease is usually transmitted from mother to child. In this case, the mother may be completely healthy.
Forms of the disease
A medical certificate for a driver's license with a violation such as color blindness can enroll a person on the list of pedestrians forever. Doctors believe that normal perception is a trichromatic vision of the world, when a person has all the pigment in sufficient quantity. If such a balance is violated, then one of the forms of this violation will manifest itself:
tritanopia is a purple-blue color deficiency. A person can see green or red instead.
Deuteranopia - does not stand out green. His person can confuse with orange or pink.
Protanopia - a person can see brown or dark green instead of red.
Drivers colorblindness
How realistic it is to get a driver's license in 2017 in case of violation of color perception, an ophthalmologist determines. Drivers who have such deviations, until 2012, could drive vehicles that belong to categories B and A. At the same time, there was a record in the rights that the driver could not be employed, that is, he could use a motorcycle or car exclusively in personal purposes.
Different states have different attitudes towards this situation. European countries have never had such restrictions. Although the public reason for the ban is that the driver cannot distinguish the color burning at the traffic lights, he already knows exactly where they are located. 
In our country, 2 years ago, a law was passed banning drivers with the violations in question from driving. Regarding drivers who received their rights before the entry into force of the law, when reissuing a document, they can receive a medical certificate for driving in the future.
Opinions were divided on this issue. Many say that this is strong discrimination, since it is much more difficult to drive a car with myopia, but drivers with such a problem are still given a license.
Eye test for color blindness
Color vision testing for driver's licenses is done using polychromatic tables. The following types are commonly used:
Ishihara tables;
Rabkin tables.
One such image is a combination of chains, figures and numbers, made up of a large number of colored circles with the same brightness. There are 27 tables in the main set.
The system functions like this - if the patient does not distinguish colors, then the image seems to him homogeneous. If a person does not have color blindness, then he can distinguish between chains, circles and numbers.
In order for the results to be accurate, it is important that the following conditions are met:
the distance of the picture from eye level is 1 m, it should be shown for 6-7 seconds.
The subject must be in a calm and relaxed state.
there should be natural light in the room, the subject should sit with his back to the window.
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Constantly face restrictions in many areas of life. For example, they cannot drive commercial vehicles or work in certain professions where correct color perception is necessary: pilots, chemists, sailors, the military. That is why people of these professions undergo regular eye examinations with special tests.
Those who first encountered the problem have a driver's license question. This article outlines the main provisions on the rights of color blind people to drive vehicles.
As it was before
The issue of a person’s ability to drive was decided by an ophthalmologist who is part of the qualification driving commission. For a person who has certain forms and degrees of violation in Russia, only category B or A rights are provided. At the same time, a note was made in the document that a color-blind person cannot work for hire. That is, according to the law, a color-blind person could drive a car only for personal purposes. As for the possibilities of people with color blindness in European countries, such restrictions have never existed there.
Many are sure that if a color-blind person does not have the ability to distinguish color nuances, then he will not distinguish the colors of a traffic light. However, in reality, people adapt to traffic lights simply by memorizing the arrangement of colors. A person with color blindness, in practice, is able to successfully drive any car. True, the law thinks differently.
What is the current situation
Much has changed since the adoption of the legislative decision concerning color blind people. It has been in force since September 2012, and prohibits people with color vision impairments from driving a car. So, all motorists who are not able to distinguish colors receive a challenge.
If, in a person, while passing medical examination, color blindness was revealed, he cannot have a driver's license. The new order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 302 perplexed a lot of people, because it looks like discrimination. Since, in the past, rights were issued to persons with a slight deviation without problems, the restrictions applied only to patients with (complete loss of one color). Now, even with a slight violation of color discrimination, rights are not issued. Even people without problems with the perception of the sequence of traffic lights cannot drive.
When a person has a mild degree of illness with a previously issued license, he is entitled to a certificate authorizing driving. This is in regards to driving license replacements. Other states do not apply any restrictions for color blind people. In developed countries, the problems of color blind people are planned to be solved by means of a special form of traffic light, which will make it impossible to confuse with signals.
At the same time, in Germany, special lenses are produced for color-blind people that correct color perception. For our country, such innovations are not yet relevant. Restrictions for colorblind people are still in effect, causing outrage among motorists.
People who have vision problems tend to be limited in some areas of their lives. This also applies to transport: color blindness and driver's license in some cases they are so incompatible that some citizens remain pedestrians for life.
Vision for driver's license: features to be aware of
For getting driving license of the established sample, including required documents presented medical certificate. According to this document, the driver undergoes a medical examination and the medical commission determines whether he is fit to drive or not.
According to the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 302n, there is a list of diseases in the presence of which access to driving is prohibited. In particular, this also includes some types of visual impairments that could affect the controllability of the car.
In short, there are several features of vision that affect the possibility of obtaining rights:
- Decreased visual acuity. Usually, sharpness is checked using a well-known table with letters. Naturally, there are craftsmen who try to memorize the letters and call them in the correct sequence. For such citizens, other test tables are provided that can also determine visual acuity. Each category of rights requires its own indicator. Moreover, in the above order, two categories of vision are distinguished: "with correction", that is, with glasses or contact lenses, and "without correction", that is, without them. For example, for category B, vision in the “best” eye without correction should be 0.8, in the other, visual acuity may be absent; in the presence of contact lenses or glasses for the same category, the "best" eye should see at least 0.5, the worst - 0.2.
- As mentioned above, the future driver can come to medical commission to the ophthalmologist with glasses or contact lenses. But even in this case, not any will do, but only those in which the diopters are not lower than -8 and not higher than +8. The difference between the vision of the eyes should not be more than 3 diopters. But sometimes there may be cases when a healthy eye under glasses can give distortion, and “not reach” the required number of lines. This is the so-called "lazy" eye. It can be easily corrected in infancy and adolescence, but adults can also “pull up” vision.
- One of the important characteristics of the eye, which is considered during a medical examination for the admission of a citizen to driving, is the color perception of the eye. This characteristic is important so that the driver can at least recognize the colors of the traffic light.
- And, finally, there are diseases in which admission to driving a car is not allowed in any case. For example, these may include glaucoma and retinal detachment.
Color blindness and driver's license
According to studies, almost every 10th man on Earth is color blind. And if you pay attention to the drivers, then almost every second is a man. The statistics are sad, but the fact that color blindness is mostly a male disease is not denied by scientists.
The current order No. 302n in its provisions is rather “strict” with drivers: a violation of color perception is the basis for refusing to issue a driver's license. Or rather, no one will even allow you to obtain rights!
Previously, everything was “softer”: a violation of color perception was allowed for both category “A” and category “B”. An exception was made in only one case: dichromacy and driver's license were incompatible.
For many drivers, such norms caused misunderstanding; after all, there are several different subspecies of color blindness, so why not make an exception for those who cannot distinguish only one color? For example, it is much more difficult for citizens who suffer from myopia to drive, but they are given a license!
At the same time, numerous studies conducted by scientists suggest that if a person calmly distinguishes the colors of a traffic light, then he should not have problems with driving a car.
Not all countries have such a “categorical” attitude towards color blindness. For example, in Europe they are trying to come up with a special form of traffic lights, where even a color-blind person cannot confuse the signal: as a rule, at such traffic lights, each color has its own shape (red - triangle, green square, orange - circle). In addition, you can make traffic lights, which will have a voice countdown, etc.
Of course, there are many ways to "bypass" the official medical board, pay and get a "fake" certificate. But in this situation, it is worth thinking not only about your own safety, but also about the safety of other road users, since with eye diseases, the driver may simply not see some kind of obstacle and create such an emergency that will end in the death of innocent people .
A new list of medical indications, contraindications and restrictions on driving a car was developed by the Ministry of Health on behalf of the head of the government of the Russian Federation. The main goal of the document is to strengthen control over the health of drivers and make the medical board as transparent as possible. According to the authors of the resolution, all this will help reduce road deaths.
“The project approves lists of medical contraindications, indications and restrictions for the management vehicles that will contribute to the achievement of the strategic goal state program"Health Development"<...>characterized by a decrease by 2020 of the target indicator of deaths from road traffic accidents - up to 10 cases per 100,000 population," the explanatory note to the document says.
The tasks are serious, but what will happen in practice? Indeed, in fact, the decree reduces the health requirements of future motorists. Many diagnoses that now prohibit a person from driving may be excluded from the list of contraindications in the future. This mainly concerns various disorders of visual and auditory perception. For example, color vision disorders or color blindness, which is now a contraindication to driving a car, will be excluded from the new standards. The same goes for blindness in one eye and deafness in one ear. Moreover, people without fingers on one hand and even with a complete absence of a hand or foot will be allowed to drive. True, they will only be able to drive in cars with automatic transmission.
In general, listing diagnoses that are not included in the list of contraindications is too long. It is easier to name the diseases remaining in it. These included schizophrenia, mental retardation, behavioral disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances, as well as epilepsy and blindness in both eyes. Doctors believe that this easing of the requirements for the health of drivers is a significant step towards the disabled.
“There was a lot of controversy in 2012 about whether or not to deprive color-blind people of the right to drive a car,” says doctor driving medical board Evgenia Shilova. – After all, in fact, this is discrimination, there is no such thing in any civilized country. I personally know several motorists who do not distinguish colors, but at the same time they have been driving cars for many years and have never had an accident. Moreover, people with disabilities tend to drive more carefully than completely healthy people. Therefore, I do not see any particular problems in allowing people with disabilities to drive again.”
At the same time, experts admit that it will not be possible to defeat corruption by such methods. In order to tighten control over the passage of a driver's medical examination, it is necessary to establish interaction between doctors and traffic police officers, the doctors are sure.
“Now many private clinics issue certificates for money, the entire examination takes several minutes, while extracts from a narcologist and psychiatrist are often not even asked,” he said. activist of the movement "For Decent Medicine" Mikhail Grigoriev. - It is necessary that the traffic police, the drug and mental dispensary have a single database. So that a police officer can check right at the post whether the driver is registered with a particular institution. Otherwise, how can he check the authenticity of the certificate, for a tooth or something? In addition, the responsibility of medical institutions that issue formal documents is necessary. They allowed a drug addict to drive a car, take the trouble to explain how this happened. If you can't explain - give a license for medical activity. And the problems will immediately become less.
