Baths of Diocletian the Mother of God of the Sign. Baths of Diocletian in Rome - a huge complex for water procedures
Baths of Diocletian
Baths gave the name to the windows of Diocletian
Baths of Diocletian- the ruins of ancient Roman baths next to the modern Republic Square in Rome.
The construction of the thermal baths began in the year. In the year they were consecrated in honor of Diocletian. Baths with an area of more than 13 hectares. built according to a plan similar to the terms of Caracalla and Trajan. The buildings accommodated up to 3 thousand people, the gardens were decorated with fountains and pavilions, there were also a library, meeting rooms and sports exercises on the territory.
The Baths of Diocletian modern form this is Republic Square (gardens), the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri was erected on the site of the central hall, some rooms are occupied by the National Roman Museum ( Museo Nazionale Romano, c) with a collection of Roman and Greek art, one of the round halls was rebuilt into the Church of San Bernardo alle Terme, part of another hall is located between Via Viminale and Piazza dei Cinquecento.
Links
Literature
- Heinz-Joachim Fischer: Rom. Zweieinhalb Jahrtausende Geschichte, Kunst und Kultur der Ewigen Stadt. DuMont Buchverlag, Koln 2001, ISBN 3-7701-5607-2.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
See what "The Baths of Diocletian" is in other dictionaries:
- (Latin thermae, from Greek thermus warm, hot), in ancient Rome, public baths, which were also public and sports facilities. How the type of buildings developed by the II century. BC e. Included in addition to hot (caldarium), warm ... ... Art Encyclopedia
- [terms], term, units. no (Latin thermae from Greek thermos hot) (original). Baths in ancient Rome. Baths of Diocletian. “In the nearest terms, I gave a good ointment to my body.” Bryusov. Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Provincial Baths in Bath, England ... Wikipedia
I Thermae (lat. thermae, from the Greek thermós warm, hot) in ancient Rome, public baths; were also public, entertainment and sports institutions. As a type of building T, in general terms, they developed during the period of the Republic of Ko 2 in ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- ... Wikipedia
Thermae- in Dr. Rome societies. baths, which are also sports., societies. cultural and amuse. inst. T. played the role of clubs, where the focus. societies. life and where the citizens of Rome spent mean. of the time. They arose in the 2nd century. BC. (Stabian T... Ancient world. encyclopedic Dictionary
- (thermae, Jermai) the ancient Romans originally had natural sources of warm and hot water, as well as simple cold and warm baths (balineae, balneae), apparently maintained by private individuals, later, in the era of emperors, extensive ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
Antique. The Bronze Age palace of Knossos in Crete (1st half of the 2nd millennium BC) had portable clay foot baths or sitting baths, as well as at least one stone pool for washing the feet of travelers. Big… … Collier Encyclopedia
- (thermae, θέρμαι) among the ancient Romans, originally natural sources of warm and hot water, as well as simple cold and warm baths (balineae, balneae), apparently maintained by private individuals, later, in the era of emperors, extensive ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Thermae- (from the Greek thermos warm, hot) antique baths in classical Greece with big houses and gymnasiums; during the Hellenistic period, they were used by the entire population of the city. In Rome, t. arose according to the Greek model and became the centers of public life: here ... Antique world. Dictionary reference.
The Romans were specialists not only in military affairs and art. Built in the 3rd century AD, the Baths of Diocletian (Terme di Diocleziano) were truly the crowning creation of engineering thought of that time. The technical equipment of the baths was far ahead of its time. In terms of convenience and quality of execution, the terms can compete with modern SPA complexes of our time. The baths owe their name to the Roman emperor Gaius Aurelius Diocletian, the same one who at the end of his reign renounced power and retired to his small homeland to grow cabbage.
The area allotted for construction was 30 hectares. At the same time in the baths they could take water procedures over three thousand people for whom individual baths were installed and public steam rooms were equipped. Three large swimming pools have also been built for visitors. Water was supplied to the baths and pools in a cocurrent flow through a complex design of a water pipe connected to a branch of the Marcius aqueduct.
The townspeople (and the entrance was allowed to all free citizens) not only bathed, but also spent time culturally in the gardens with sculptures, attended performances in the amphitheater, read books in the library and did physical exercises in the gym.
Unfortunately, by the 7th century, the Baths of Diocletian fell into disrepair and gradually collapsed. In the middle of the 16th century, the great sculptor and architect Michelangelo built on the remains of the bath a new Renaissance style term and a monastery.
Therapeutic properties Therm
Bathing in warm water rich in mineral salts has been considered a healing event since ancient times. Hydrotherapy in thermal springs, according to Hippocrates, had a positive effect on the general physical condition of a person. Roman baths received special value due to the supply of water of various temperatures to the baths. Surprisingly, the heating of the water by the sun's rays was organized, while the water in the shaded areas remained cool. Roman physicians noted the special chemical and physical properties of spring water, which had a beneficial effect on the health of the Romans.
Grand Thermae today
Today, the Baths of Diocletian are an interesting architectural monument, divided into three parts, surrounded by gardens of Republic Square.
Part of the territory was given over to the main exposition of the National Roman Museum, or the Thermae Museum. The exposition of the museum is the walls of the term, antique sculptures (including the creations of Michelangelo himself) and other objects from life. ancient rome. Another part of the Baths of Diocletian was rebuilt into the Basilica of San Bernardo alle Terme. The rest of the buildings are in ruins. modern tourists visiting Rome for study and admiration.
Travel and visiting conditions
The baths are located on Via Enrico de Nicola, house number 79. The best way to get to the thermae and the museum - use the Roman metro. You need to get off at the Republic (Repubblica) or Termini (Termini) stations, then follow the signs to walk a few hundred meters. Another way of travel: buses No. 82, 61, 62, 60, 492 to the Cernaia stop.
Entrance for foreigners is paid, tickets are sold at the box office. The cost of getting acquainted with the terms is 8.5-12 euros, depending on the number of sights to see. For a maximum cost of 12 euros, tourists get the opportunity to explore Thermae in full within a few days. Visitation for tourists is allowed on all days except Monday, from 9:00 to 19:45, ticket offices close half an hour before closing time.
Not far from the term is a baroque church.
You may also like:
The Baths of Diocletian
Ancient Rome is a mysterious and surprisingly developed world. From a technical point of view, at one time he did not know equal. Take at least the terms, which were provided with water through underground aqueducts (water pipes). These were not just baths, but entire complexes. One of them is the Baths of Diocletian.
History reference
The construction of the thermae began in 298. In 303, they already towered in all their glory and were consecrated, having received the name in honor of Diocletian. The structure turned out to be so huge that it could simultaneously accommodate 3,000 people.
During the invasion of the Vandals and the Goths, the Baths of Diocletian continued to partially function. But in 537, the invaders destroyed the aqueduct that supplied water to the baths, and they were devastated. In 1566, by order of the Pope, the baths began to be restored. Michelangelo took part in the work. He turned the central hall into the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli.
But then a whole period of desolation followed again. So baths gradually became a source of cheap material for the construction of other structures. The Baths of Diocletian suffered most of all in the period from 1586 to 1589, when a villa was being built for Pope Sixtus the Fifth.
In 1889, part of the Baths of Diocletian was turned into a museum. And at the beginning of the 20th century, the authorities of Rome decided to finally make these baths a monument ancient architecture and history. Today it houses the National Roman Museum.
Curious facts
The Baths of Diocletian had beautiful gardens. They were decorated with pavilions and fountains. The complex also included a gymnasium, meeting rooms, a library, a steam room, lounges, cold bath rooms, a swimming pool, and an amphitheatre. All this had a very rich decoration.
Modern excavations have established that the baths were not built from scratch - before that there were even more ancient buildings that were demolished. Water in the Baths of Diocletian came from one of the branches of the Marcius aqueduct.
architectural features
These baths are an example of ancient architecture. They occupied a fairly large area, covering over 13 hectares. The construction was based on the project of two previous terms - the emperors Trajan and Caracalla.
What can be seen?
Today you can see the ruins of the main building from Republic Street. One of the asps has been preserved as the entrance to the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli, which Michelangelo converted from the central hall of the term. Another part became the National Roman Museum. In the people it is simply called the Thermae Museum.
Several round rooms (presumably 1-2) were rebuilt into the Basilica of San Bernardo alle Terme. A fragment of another similar room can be seen between Viminale Street and Cinquecento Square. There are also unused parts of the Baths of Diocletian in the form of ruins. They are located a few streets from the National Roman Museum, which contains such masterpieces as:
- chny fighter;
- Throne of Ludovisi;
- Gallus killing his wife;
- Discobolus, etc.
How to get to the thermae? By metro - to the Republic station (Repubblica), then - 5 minutes on foot; to Termini station (Termini), and then 10 minutes on foot.
Visit time: daily - at 9:00-19:45, except for Monday (this is a day off). The box office closes at 19:15.
Entrance ticket price: full adult - 7 euros.
Address: Rome, street Enrico De Nicola (Via Enrico de Nicola), building 79.
When copying in full or in part, an active link to the source is required
Unfortunately, only ruins remain of many of the ancient sights of the capital of Italy, but even what has survived and been restored amazes tourists with its scale. Baths of Diocletian - the so-called ancient Roman public baths. This is a whole complex of structures, equal in size and technical equipment in the empire has never been.
The history of the creation of the baths of Diocletian in Rome
By order of Emperor Diocletian, the construction of baths in " eternal city began in 298. Seven years later, the complex was completely finished and consecrated in honor of Caesar. The buildings were located on a vast territory of 13 hectares and could simultaneously accommodate about three thousand visitors. The Roman baths of Diocletian included three thousand baths and three large pools, the water to which was supplied from underground aqueducts.
No less luxurious was the interior of the complex:
- unique mosaic floors;
- facing with marble;
- bubbling fountains;
- god statues.
Termi Diocleziano was a favorite holiday destination for the Romans. They performed not only the functions of baths, but were also cozy place for communication, a hotbed of social and cultural life Rome. Entrance was allowed to all free citizens. Fountains, marble sculptures were built on the territory of the baths of Diocletian, gardens with pavilions were laid out. There were also meeting rooms, a library, an amphitheater and a gymnasium.
The legend says that the baths of Diocletian in Rome were built by Christians condemned to death, and it took 10 years to build the complex. During the Roman Empire, men, women and children could visit the baths. The Romans came to the complex to rest carefree, relax, chat with each other or take a walk. More active citizens visited the Baths of Diocletian to play sports and wrestle.
Baths had several rooms for various kinds procedures:
- taking cold baths in a cool room (frigidarium);
- hot, like modern saunas;
- warm, to preheat the body.
In the middle of the 16th century, the Goths destroyed the Roman aqueduct, and the baths of Diocletian fell into disrepair. Over time, the complex began to deteriorate, until in 1563, by decree of the pontiff Pius IV, the famous Michelangelo transformed the building. The cozy monastery courtyard, designed by the architect, now houses more than 400 exhibits from the time of imperial Rome and many antique sculptures.
Baths of Diocletian at present
At the end of the 19th century, part of the complex was reconstructed. Currently, this part of the Baths of Diocletian houses the National Museum of Rome. Its archaeological heritage is considered one of the richest in the world and consists of finds found in the baths, as well as various collections of Roman and Greek art. On the territory of the baths, Michelangelo harmoniously placed the Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli, built in the Renaissance style.
The Palazzo Altemps, in addition to the Baths of Diocletian, is one of the main objects of the National Museum of Rome. Here are 104 sculptures of the ancient era, collections belonging to the cardinals of Ludovisi, Altemps and the princes of Mattei. The palace was built according to the design of Melozzo da Forlì in the 15th century on the Champ de Mars near Piazza Navona.
Another remarkable hall was erected by the architect Camilo Pistrucci in 1883-1887. On the ground floor there is a numismatic collection, on the other three - antique painting, sculpture and mosaics. Especially memorable are the frescoes with painted birds, trees and flowers from the winter triclinium, which previously decorated the villa of Augustus's wife, Livia. The pride of the national museum are works from Villa Farnesina and sarcophagi. The Gall Ludovisi is also a must-see at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome. This is a marble copy of a large triumphal monument, which shows the scene when Gallus kills his wife. The sculpture is filled with expression and is made with full details of what is happening.
How to get to the Baths of Diocletian
The complex is located on Via Enrico de Nicola (Enrico De Nicola). The most convenient way to get to the Baths of Diocletian is to use the metro. You should get off at one of the stations - Termini (Termini) or Republic (Repubblica), and then walk a few hundred meters on foot. Another option to get to the ancient Roman baths is by bus (there are several routes) to the Cernaia stop.
A visit to the Baths of Diocletian in Rome for tourists is possible on any day except Monday. Opening hours from 9.00 to 19.45. Please note that the box office closes half an hour before the end of the complex. Not far from the ancient Roman baths is the Baroque church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, which will also be attractive to tourists.
The baths of Diocletian, whose construction was completed in 303 AD, occupied an area of 13 hectares and could simultaneously accommodate 3,000 people. In addition to pools with hot and cold water, halls for philosophical debates, a library, an amphitheater, and gardens with fountains and pavilions were arranged here.
Today, little remains of the rich interior decoration of the premises, but still the Baths of Diocletian were lucky: their ruins were transformed into such masterpieces of architecture as the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli, built by Michelangelo, and the church of San Bernardo alle Terme. Other restored premises were transferred to the Roman national museum, whose exposition contains an excellent collection of antique sculptures.
Useful information
Where are the Baths of Diocletian
The address of the baths of Diocletian ( original name- Terme di Diocleziano) next: Viale E. de Nicola, 79, Rome, Italy.
How to get to the Baths of Diocletian
The Baths of Diocletian are located on Enrico De Nicola Street, building No. 79. The landmark is the Termini railway station - the entrance to the Baths is just opposite it. The easiest way to get here is by metro, line T.
Working hours of the Diocletian thermae
The baths open at 9:00 and close at 19:45. Day off - Monday.
