Nizhny Novgorod district of Nizhny Novgorod, historical and cultural monuments

Lik Nikolai Ivanovich (1811 - 1872?), after graduating from the Institute of Communications Corps in 1827, participated in the construction of the Svirsky northern canal. In 1837 he moved to Nizhny Novgorod to participate in engineering and urban planning work. Here Lik, according to his project, erects an earthen dam across the Pochainsky ravine instead of an ancient log bridge, called Lykova, and participates in laying the Pokhvalinsky Congress road and in filling the N.-Oka and N.-Volzhskaya embankments. His most significant design work can be considered the creation of the main Sofronovskaya Square at the Lower Bazaar. During the work, Lik was drafted into the active army. Serving on Black Sea coast Caucasus on the night of March 21-22, 1840, he, together with adjutant Arkhip Osipov, accomplishes a feat - he blows up Fort Mikhailovsky captured by the Shamilevites. Lik manages to escape, although he was unable to return to service.

Malinovsky Pavel Petrovich (1869 - 1943) came to Nizhny Novgorod after graduating from the Institute of Civil Engineering. Since September 1893 he has been a local city architect. The following year, Malinovsky began designing and constructing a power plant building on the square in front of the Oka pontoon bridge, overseeing the construction of a new theater, as well as the reconstruction of the Dmitrievskaya tower of the Kremlin. In 1897, the Society for the Promotion of Primary Education involved him in the design and construction of the city People's House (1899 - 1903). In 1900 - 1904, according to Malinovsky's design, the Transfiguration Cathedral was erected in Sormovo (Shcherbakova St., 15). In the Art Nouveau style, according to his designs in 1901-1903, he built a club for engineers and employees of the Sormovo plant (now the House of Pioneers) and in 1902-1904 a school (Kominterna St., 175). Malinovsky's last work in the city was the construction of a fancy wooden building of the Commercial Summer Club on a slope (1908), the architecture of which combined Art Nouveau forms with Ropetov's saw-cut carvings of the facade decoration. In 1908, he moved to Moscow, where, after the October Revolution, he was appointed civil commissar of the Moscow Kremlin and chairman of the commission for the protection of monuments of art and antiquities of the Moscow province.

Monnerot du Maine Eduard Ivanovich (1824 - 1878), after graduating from the school of the Main Directorate of Communications, began serving as an architect's assistant in N. Novgorod in 1848. He built the barracks of the Martynovskaya public hospital and participated in many urban planning works. He is improving the Kremlin pond Sark, designing a highway from Bor to Semenov and further to Vyatka.

Nebolsin Ivan Fedorovich (1836 - 1869), after graduating from the construction school of the Main Directorate of Railways in 1857, serves as a city architect in N. Novgorod. In 1858, he repaired the Lykovaya Dam and moved the forges from here to the Volga bank near the Kazan Congress. The buildings of the Kurbatovsky plant were erected according to his designs. In 1859, Nebolsin improved the N.-Volzhskaya embankment under the slope and designed privately owned piers, including the pier of the Caucasus and Mercury campaign. Develops a project for Novaya Square. In 1859-1860, Nebolsin carried out repairs to the residential outbuilding of the Dobrolyubovs (Lykovaya Dam, 2a). The architect's last work was the construction according to his design in 1867-1868 of a stone two-story house by M. Andreeva (Minina St., 8a).

Alexander Nikitin came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1882 after graduating from the construction school of the Main Directorate of Railways to the position of junior city architect. Since 1890 he has been diocesan architect. In 1894 - 1896, Nikitin participated in the urban planning transformation of the city and in the work on its improvement for the opening of the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition. In 1899, he dismantled the high-rise bell tower (1827) of the clergy house of the fair cathedral. At the same time, Nikitin carried out repairs to the Nizhny Pasad Church of St. John the Baptist (Ivanovo Congress, 2). During these works, he resigns and leaves for Tula.

Ovsyannikov Pavel Avraamovich came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1846 at the age of 23 after graduating from the Institute of Civil Engineers. Served as a fair architect. Conducted design and estimate work at the fair. He carried out building projects for the district cities of the Nizhny Novgorod province. In 1846 - 1847, he overhauled the buildings of the Nizhny Novgorod school for children of clerical workers and the city hospital, and also developed a plan for the development of the fair. In 1849, the government decided to create the Uryupinsk South Russian Fair. Its exemplary project based on the Nizhny Novgorod shopping complex performed by Ovsyannikov. In 1857, he participated in the construction of a fair circus. In 1858 he moved to St. Petersburg.

Pakhomov Alexey Alekseevich (1815 - 1850) was born in St. Petersburg into the family of a merchant. At the age of nine he was sent to study at the Academy of Arts. After its completion in 1836, he was one of the builders of the Pulkovo Observatory. Two years later he was included in the Commission’s architects for the renewal Winter Palace. Under the leadership of A.P. Bryulov, Pakhomov restored the gallery of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the St. George State Hall of the Hermitage. In 1842, he moved to Nizhny Novgorod, where he served as an assistant to the provincial architect and carried out design work for private orders. In 1843 - 1848, he designed and built the educational building of the Noble Institute on Varvaskaya Street (Figner St., 3), completed the design of building interiors for submission to the Council of the Academy of Arts for the title of Academician of Architecture. In 1844, Pakhomov built a third floor over the old tents of A. Panina (Mayakovsky St., 12), changed their façade, and rebuilt the house of M. Nesterov (29 Mayakovsky St.). After Pakhomov’s death, news came to Nizhny Novgorod that he had been awarded the title of academician.

Poltanov Alexey Nikolaevich (1876 - 1942) came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1908 after graduating from the architectural class of the Higher Art School of the Academy of Arts. He took the position of diocesan architect. Participated in the restoration of the buildings of the ancient ensemble of the Makaryev-Zheltovodsky Monastery. In 1909 he developed a project for the restoration of his Trinity Cathedral. In Nizhny Novgorod he designs and builds a manor complex in Art Nouveau forms - a residential building, services and stables (Semashko St., 9). In 1914, Poltanov participated in the construction of the house of the merchant-industrialist D.V. Sirotkin (V.-Volzhskaya embankment, 3) according to the designs of the architects Vesnin brothers and at the same time saved from destruction the oldest log temple of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region - the tented cathedral of Arzamas (1652) and organizes its transfer to another place - to the village of Kostylikha. After the October Revolution, Poltanov became one of the leading local architects, participated in the construction of the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory named after V.I. Lenin, and in 1829-1930 he designed and built the Sormovo House of Culture.

Pokrovsky Vladimir Aleksandrovich (1871 - 1931) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod to develop a project for a complex of State Bank buildings in 1910. He was already an academician (1907), a full member of the Council of the Academy of Arts (1909). In 1911, the foundations of the main banking building (26 Sverdlova Street) were laid, and by the end of the construction season the masonry of its walls was completed. The ticket hall of the second floor (800 sq. m.) was covered extremely boldly - without internal supports with a single vault on a concreted steel suspended mesh structure. In 1912, a two-story residential house for bank employees, courtyard stables and kitchens, as well as a brick fence were erected. The following year, a “clock bell” was built with the signs of the zodiac on the dial. In 1914, Pokrovsky, at the request of the “millionaires” Rukavishnikovs and Akifyevs, developed a project for a church complex of buildings at the Old Believer cemetery. Their construction was completed in 1916. At the same time, Pokrovsky developed a project for a complex of buildings for the Polytechnic Institute transferred to Nizhny Novgorod from Warsaw. But due to economic difficulties in the country, this project was not implemented.

Stawasser Alexander Andreevich (1822 - 1848) received his education at the Academy of Arts. In 1844, he was assigned to the position of assistant to the city architect of N. Novgorod. His first major work was the design of a three-story stone house for the builder-contractor I. Dubitsky on the street. Varvarskaya. In 1846, Stawasser built and designed the building of the 1st orphanage (Krasnoflotskaya St., 78). At the same time, he continued the construction of the Red Barracks on the N.-Volzhskaya embankment. In 1847, he submitted a competitive project to the Academy of Arts and received the title of academician.

Vladimir Nikolaevich Sultanov (1850 - 1908) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod in 1895 at the invitation of the City Duma for the “restoration” and adaptation of the Dmitrievskaya tower of the Kremlin into a historical and art museum. By this time, he was considered a recognized researcher of ancient Russian architecture, restored the chambers of “Tsarevich Dmitry” in Uglich, was a member of the council of the Academy of Arts and director of the Institute of Civil Engineers. Sultanov examines in detail the ancient inventories of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin and proposes to restore the tower in the forms of the Kitaygorod fortifications of Moscow. Sultanov took part in the discussion of projects for the reconstruction of the St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral. At his request, his ancient architecture, and the things found during excavations in the cathedral were placed in the regional museum.

Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Tatarinov was first mentioned among civil engineers of N. Novgorod in 1898, when he participated in geological studies of the soil during the construction of the Church of the Savior (M. Gorky St., 177a). He is the author of the project for the first building of the provincial gymnasium (Ulyanova St., 1) and the expansion of the building of the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium (Krasnoflotskaya St., 69). Tatarinov explores in detail the constructive, volumetric-spatial and artistic features of the Trinity Cathedral and the fortress walls of the Makaryev-Zheltovodsky Monastery, as well as the Gordeevskaya Church of the Stroganovs (XVII century) with the aim of their preservation and restoration. In 1903 he moved to Ryazan.

Trambitsky Alexey Egorovich (1860 - 1922) graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1881 with the title of non-class artist, but with the right to carry out construction work. In 1884, for the project of the “Grand Duke’s country castle” he received a large gold medal from the Academy of Arts, which gave him the right to travel abroad at the expense of the treasury. Upon his return to Russia, for his work “as a pensioner” he received the title of academician. In 1889 he travels to Nizhny Novgorod for the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, is one of the authors of its modified facades and plans, and provides temporary supervision over its construction. Since 1898, Trambitsky was the architect of the imperial theaters. Takes part in the restoration of the Nizhny Novgorod city theater after its fire.

Treiman Karl Vasilyevich (1855 - 1890) graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1878. In 1889, he took part in the competition for the design of the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair and received first prize. However, the facades and plans required clarification, so the authors of the revised project were all the architects who received competitive prizes at that time (including von Gauguin and Trambitsky). In 1894, for the opening of the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition of 1896, the Nizhny Novgorod merchants commissioned Treiman to design a stock exchange building. The building was erected in the Nizhny Posad trading area (N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 16).

Turmyshev Afonasy Ermilovich (1814 - 1856) in 1836, after graduating from the Academy of Arts, came to Nizhny Novgorod to serve as an assistant to the provincial architect. In 1838, after Leer's resignation, he continued the construction of the military-governor's house-palace complex and rebuilt the building of the provincial gymnasium. Next year, according to his own design, he is building M. Vodovozova’s house in Blagoveshchenskaya Sloboda (Melnichny lane, 5). In 1841, Turmyshev was appointed provincial architect. He carries out construction work in Arzamas, Balakhna, Lukoyanov, Semyonov, Knyaginin and their districts. In 1845, Turmyshev rebuilt the stone two-story house of G. Sverchkov (Sverdlova St., 6), and three years later he designed the entrance gate to his utility yard with a bench (the premises of the future engraving workshop of Ya. M. Sverdlov’s father, now a memorial museum). This gate is an interesting example of small form architecture. Then he plans on the square in front of the Oksky Bridge manor house Abamelek-Lazarev (Mayakovskogo St., 46), the facade of which still retains the features of classicism. In different parts of the city, buildings erected according to Turmyshev’s designs still exist, including the house of P. Ilyina (Minina St., 18).

Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich Nikolai Ivanovich (1822 - 1877) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod after graduating from the College of Civil Engineers in 1841. At first he was a junior engineer of the local construction committee, and after its closure he continued to serve in the Nizhny Novgorod Construction and Road Commission as a city architect. Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich carried out daily supervision of the condition of the ramps and embankments and repaired them. In 1851, he designed the house of E. Grebenshchikova in Blagoveshchnskaya Sloboda (Chernigovskaya St., 8). In 1850, he designed and built apartment buildings for the industrialists brothers Blinov, I. Sobolev, P. Bugrov, K. Michurin, S. Bubnov and others. In 1852 - 1853, for P. Bugrov, he designed and built a three-story apartment building on Blagoveshchenskaya Square ( the old building of the city theater) and a stone building with benches on the ground floor (Kozhevennaya St., 5). At the same time, Uzhumedsky-Griitsevich was actively building up M. Pokrovskaya Street. In 1852, he designed and then built the house of the former Decembrist Nizhny Novgorod and music critic A. Ulybyshev (59 Sverdlov St.), and in 1856 he built two mansions not far from it (23/1 and 25 Vorobyov St.). His most interesting work was the construction in 1856 of two wings and a merchant’s fence of the estate of the merchant of the 1st guild A. Shushlyaev (Mayakovsky St., 30 and 32). Moreover, for the first time in the city, the courtyard outbuilding was made in pseudo-Gothic forms. In 1860, Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich, according to his own design, built a hotel for the merchant I. Sobolev (Mayakovsky St., 40). Designs two commercial public buildings: one on a tiled terrace between the buildings of the 18th-century Gostiny Dvor. "Bracket" (Mayakovskogo St., 17), and the second - in the quarter of the Nikolskaya Nizhny Posad Church (Myakovskogo St., 15). In the 1860s, he built warehouses attached to each other with residential second floors for the merchant of the 1st guild F. Gushchin (Ivanovsky Congress, 3-9). Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich served in our city until 1874, after which he moved to Kazan.

From the beginning of the 1870s, Falin Fedor Nikolaevich served as the architect of the Nizhny Novgorod military Arakcheevskaya gymnasium, supervising the condition of the military barracks. Since 1872, under an agreement with the provincial authorities, he held the position of architect of the city government. In 1879, Falin designed and erected the building of Countess O. Kutaisova (now a school on M. Gorky Square), and the following year, at the request of the Bugrovs, he began construction of a rooming house (1885; Ivanovsky Congress, 2). Engineer Lieutenant Colonel Falin in 1894 was appointed city architect of the 2nd Kremlin and Makaryevskaya units. He participated in the decoration of the Obryadchikov apartment building (Ulyanova St., 2) and in the creation of a public garden opposite the building of the Noble Assembly (the site of a park with a monument to Ya. M. Sverdlov).

Fedor Petrovich Fedorov (1870 - 1941) came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1900 after graduating from the Academy of Arts. Here he built the Church of the Savior on Ostrozhnaya Street according to Kochetov’s design. The masonry of the temple walls was completed under the supervision of Fedorov in 1901. In 1902, the “freelance architect-artist” Fedorov was brought in to develop projects for the restoration of the ancient buildings of the Makaryev-Zheltovodsky Monastery. He designs and builds next to the Stroganov Church in Gorodeevka new church. After completing this work, Fedorov returned to St. Petersburg.

Feldt Nikolai Bogdanovich (1825 - 1880), after graduating from the Institute of Railway Corps in 1849, was assigned to Nizhny Novgorod as an assistant fair architect. In 1868, Feldt, according to his design, erected a stone two-story house for its clergy near the Elias Church (Krasnoyalotskaya St., 7). In the 1860s - 1870s, he, as a local architect, together with Dahl, redesigned the All-Estate Club (Dzerzhinsky St., 3). In 1879, Feldt designed a stone apartment house for the Murom peasant woman Mokeeva (Krutoy Lane, 1). The following year, he designed and built the house of P. Batashev on Polevaya Street, and in 1862 - the house of A. Bashkirova (Lyadova St., 5).

Von Gauguin Alexander Ivanovich (1856 - 1914) graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1882. In 1889, he took part in the competition for the design of the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair and became one of the authors of its revised project. In 1890, he supervised the artistic decoration of the building. Awarded the title of academician in 1895.

Fostikov Lev Vasilyevich (1824 - 1870) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod in 1846, after graduating from the construction school of the Main Directorate of Communications. The first major work of the city architect Fostikov was the design of apartment buildings for the merchant V. Michurin (N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 1) and his wife Avdotya (Mayakovsky St., 49). Participates in the completion of the buildings of the Mariinsky Women's Institute. In 1847, Fostikov designed the apartment house of Prince B. Yusupov (Sverdlova St., 19), but during the construction process its external architectural and artistic design was changed. At the same time, he assigned a two-story stone house to the apartment building of the clergy of the St. Nicholas Verkhneposad Church (Sverdlova St., 9a). In 1852, Fostikov redesigned New Square and erected a prison company building on it (now a higher police school). In 1856 he was already a provincial architect. In 1856 - 1857, Fostikov filled the N.-Oka embankment, paved it with cobblestones, and carried out engineering protection of the slopes of the Kremlin hill under the governor's house. In 1864 he moved to Stavropol.

Frelikh Nikolai Adamovich (1826 - 1900) was appointed architectural assistant to the Nizhny Novgorod Construction and Road Commission in 1849. after graduating from the Institute of Railway Corps. Since 1856 he has been a city architect. In 1857, he organized the filling of the Mironositsky pond, carried out the project of the Church of the Three Saints, built in 1867 at the intersection of Kanatnaya and Nemetskaya streets, and straightened B. Pokrovskaya street at its exit to Novaya Square. In 1857 - 1860, Frölich developed a project and built on Grebeshka clock tower- “Muravyovskaya big”, as people called it. In 1860, N. Lizakin designed a stone two-story house (M. Gorky St., 107). In 1867 he became the architect of the Mariinsky Women's Institute. In 1872 he was appointed district architect. The residential building is designed by A. Bugrova (N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 12). Since 1875, Fröhlich has designed buildings only for private orders. In 1879, according to his own design, he built the Alexander Almshouse with a maternity ward (42 Figner St.). In 1885 - 1887, by order of the Bugrovs and Blinovs, he developed a project and built the Widow's House (Lyadova Square, 2), and the next year he erected a stone two-story residential outbuilding with services for N. Bugrov (N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 13 ).

Tseydler Vladimir Petrovich (1857 - 1914) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod in 1894 after he was appointed by the government as the main producer of construction work at the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition of 1896. He is the author of the project for its Music Pavilion. Zeidler designed and built in 1896, by order of N. Bugrov, the building of the Volzhsko-Kama Bank (Mayakovsky St., 27). The façade of the building was covered with colored glazed tiles. In 1899 - 1903 he designed the city council building. Upon completion of work in N. Novgorod, Zeidler built a Commercial Bank in St. Petersburg and a church in Anapa according to his designs.

Sheffer August Ivanovich (1801 - 1850) came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1819 as one of A. Betancourt’s assistants in the construction of the fair complex. Since 1833 he was a member of the Construction Commission, and in 1836 he became an assistant to the provincial architect. Repairs the Dmitrievskaya and Ivanovskaya towers of the Kremlin, adapts the burnt out office building into a school of military cantonists. Sheffer projects on the street. B. Pokrovskaya stone building instead of a dilapidated wooden house (XVIII century) of the vice-governor. In 1838 - 1839 he carried out major renovations of the Pechersky Monastery. In 1841 - 1842, he erected brick trading buildings in the areas adjacent to the fair. Since 1848, Schaeffer was the architect of the state Pochinkovsky plant.

Shekhtel Fedor (Franz) Osipovich (1859 - 1926) is a leading master of Russian Art Nouveau, although he did not receive an architectural education. He worked as a theater decorator and book illustrator, then, becoming an assistant to architects M. S. Tersky and A. S. Kaminsky, in the 1880s he independently designed and built private apartment buildings, country dachas, theaters and bank buildings. His work reflected all the main stylistic trends of Russian architecture at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In Nizhny Novgorod, Shekhtel designed in the 1910s in the Art Nouveau style for the industrialists Rukavishnikovs the interiors of their city house (Sverdlova St., 39a) and a bank consisting of two buildings (Mayakovskogo St., 23 and N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 11), widely using glazed ceramics, iron casting and sculpture in their art. Apparently, he was then rebuilding the first floor of Ostatoshnikova’s house (Sverdlova St., 12) to accommodate the restaurant, the façade and interiors of which have been preserved.

Viktor Aleksandrovich Schretter (1839 - 1901) was invited to Nizhny Novgorod in 1894 by the City Duma to design and build a theater building for the opening of the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition of 1896. While still a student at the Academy of Arts, he studied architecture at the Berlin Building Academy, and then explored Roman arenas and theaters in Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, and Germany, studying their acoustic qualities. In Russia, Schrötter was appointed chief architect of the imperial theaters. He is developing 15 projects for theater buildings, including the Nizhny Novgorod one. In 1894, sketches and floor plans of the theater were approved by the City Duma. On May 15, 1896, the first performance took place on the theater stage. For the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition of 1896, Schrötter designed the pavilion for the department of appanages.

Mikhail Kuzmich Yastrebov arrives in Nizhny Novgorod in 1846 from Astrakhan. His first major work was the design and supervision of the construction of a two-story stone house with basements on V.-Volzhskaya embankment. (now the Architect's House). In 1852, Yastrebov designed and built the estate house of K. Belokryltsev (Lyadova St., 43). Since 1857, Yastrebov was an architectural assistant of the Nizhny Novgorod Construction and Road Commission, but he served in it only until 1860.

Bubnov Yu. N.
"Architecture of N. Novgorod, mid-19th - early 20th centuries"

Historical monuments XVIII century

Despite the decree of 1714, which prohibited stone construction everywhere except St. Petersburg, the construction of stone churches continued in Nizhny Novgorod. So, in 1700 - 1715, 3 churches were built, and from 1715 to 1725, 6 churches were built. Most of them did not last long and were rebuilt at the end of the 18th or 19th centuries.

In Nizhny Novgorod, the church architecture of the early 18th century was quite diverse. Along with the Stronov churches, five-domed or small single-domed churches were erected with details that differed little from the style of the 17th century. An equally favorite type of temple of this time were tiered ones; the best of them included the St. George Church, built in 1702.

The church was decorated with details made of white stone; the main element of the ornament were numerous shells, similar to the stone shells of the Stronov churches.

The tiered type of churches, having lost their original patterned decoration, lasted in Nizhny Novgorod throughout the 18th century and was replaced by domed Empire buildings. In addition to St. George's, the Spiritual Church (1703), Odigitrievskaya on the Ridge (1715 - 1719) and all 7 churches built in the period from 1725 to the beginning of the 19th century were tiered.

Classicism was not reflected in Nizhny Novgorod churches. The Peter and Paul Church, built in 1782, as well as the Kazan Cemetery (1794 - 1798), retain Baroque features in their details.

Historical monuments of the 19th century. In 1817, the largest fair in Russia was moved to the left bank of the Oka from the city of Makariev. In 1825 the population Nizhny Novgorod was 16 thousand. After the fair was postponed it started faster economic development city, it begins to grow faster, and by 1841 the number of inhabitants doubles, reaching 32 thousand people. The development of the fair town on the low bank of the Oka River became an outstanding urban planning project: an artificial canal was dug and a sewerage system was created.

In 1824 it was approved new project layout, supplementing and correcting the 1770 project. All residential buildings are finally removed from the Kremlin. The largest of the city buildings - public places - turns into barracks, and the city square - into a parade ground (1834 - 1835). The integrity of its architectural and planning concept was violated even earlier, in 1827, when instead of the second building the single-domed Assumption Church was built (1827). In addition to it, several other Empire churches were built in the 1820s, of which the most successful was the bell tower of the Intercession Church (1824).

In 1825, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky (architect Melnikov) was erected in the Kremlin in the form of an obelisk made of pink granite. At the bottom of the monument there were gilded bronze plaques with busts of the leaders of the Nizhny Novgorod militia and winged goddesses of victory. During the same period, the building of the Noble Assembly (architect Corinthian) and the Lutheran Church (1828) were built.

In the first half of the 19th century, such famous buildings as the Stolby teahouse (architect Kiesewetter), associated with the social activities of M. Gorky, were built in Nizhny Novgorod. According to Kiesewetter's design, the former Niklaus house (1841) was built, where V.I. lived in 1900. Lenin, as well as the house on Lykova Dam (1838), in which N.A.’s parents lived. Dobrolyubova.

On the outskirts modern city, which were formerly suburbs and settlements, villages, houses decorated with carvings and paintings are still preserved. Carved details penetrate the architecture of city houses, sometimes covering the walls with rich carvings.

Fair. At the end of the 16th – 17th century, the planning structure of Nizhny Novgorod consisted of the Upland part of the City (i.e. the Kremlin), the surrounding Upper and Lower (under the high bank) suburbs, scattered along the neighboring hills of settlements (Zaochye included Kanavinskaya Sloboda). The line of the defensive walls of the Kremlin (1500 - 1512) with numerous towers (initially there were 13; large square towers with gates alternate with smaller round ones; restoration - 1960-1970 under the leadership of S.A. Agafonov), outlines the territory in the form of an irregular triangle; in the Kremlin - cubic, completed with an 8-sided tent on a low octagonal figure, the St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral (built in 1631, in honor of the victory of the Nizhny Novgorod militia of 1612, architects L. Vozoulin and L. Konstantinov; since 1962 the ashes of Kuzma Minin have been housed in the cathedral) .

Above the banks of the Oka, between the Kremlin and the Pokhvalinsky ravine, settlement structures have been preserved. Churches: Myrrh-Bearing Wives (1649, five-domed on a high basement, the appearance was changed by alterations of the 20th century, the roof is 4-pitched, devoid of domes); Assumption on Ilyinskaya Mountain (1672), topped with 5 tiled domes on high drums, with kokoshniks at the base), as well as the famous architectural monument of Nizhny Novgorod - the Nativity Church at the Stroganov estate in the so-called Stroganov style, completed with 5 domes with patterned crosses, with an extensive 2-tier refectory, on the facades there is a rich brick decor in the form of fruit motifs, cartouches, and scrolls (1719); in the interior of the refectory there is white stone carving, in the interior of the church there is an iconostasis with fine wooden carvings, icons of the 18th century, and picturesque panels; now a museum).

The houses of the 17th - early 18th centuries have been preserved, mostly 2-story, made of brick, with windows decorated with figured frames, kokoshniks, with wooden outbuildings, porches, high roofs: Chatygina (the so-called house of Peter I, who stayed here in 1695, on his way in the Azov campaign), the Pushnikov chambers, consisting of two connected buildings built at different times, the Olisov house. On the left bank of the Oka there is a five-domed, richly decorated Stroganov-style Church of Our Lady of Smolensk at the Stroganov estate in Gordeevka (1697).

For the Upland part of the city in 1770, a radial-ring plan was developed with a system of streets diverging from a trapezoidal square at the outer gates of the Kremlin. According to the revised plan, the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair was included in the city limits on the left bank of the Oka, along with the Kanavinskaya Sloboda.

According to the plan of 1838, the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment was built (at both ends - Georgievsky and Kazan congresses), on the slope - the Alexander Garden.

At the end of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries, buildings here were built in the classicist style, in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries - in the eclectic, stylized and modernist styles. In the Nagorny part, the former house of the vice-governor (1788), the house of the pharmacist G. Evenius (1799 - 1792, architect I. Nemeyer), the seminary building (1823 - 1829), architects I.I. Mezhetsky, A.L. Leer), the Assembly of the Nobility (1826, architect I.E. Efimov; in the interior there is a small columned hall; an additional building was built in the 1860s - 1870s, the Institute of the Nobility (1840s, architect A.A. Pakhomov; on the main facade - a frieze in the form of a floral ornament depicting the coats of arms of the cities of the Nizhny Novgorod province, now a regional library) with a residential house (1836, architect I.E. Efimov), the house of Z. Dobrolyubova (1840s, architect G.I. Kizevetter, now – the House-Museum of N.A. Dobrolyubov), the governor’s house in the Kremlin (1841, architect P.D. Gotman), the house of S. Niklaus (1841, architect Kizewetter), Drama Theater (1896, architect V.A. Shreter) ; building of the City Duma (1902), architect V.P. Zeidler; main facade with three small windows, completed with a parapet with the Nizhny Novgorod coat of arms and a steep spherical roof), State Bank in neo-Russian style (1913, architect V.A. Pokrovsky; several volumes covered with roofs of various shapes; in the interior - paintings on the walls and vaults according to sketches by I.Ya. Bilibin, chandeliers, lanterns, iron bars, majolica staircase railings), the church at the New (now Old) cemetery (1916, architect Pokrovsky).

Below, on the banks of the Volga and Oka, the estates of the Stroganovs (from the 1870s - Golitsyns; 1827, architect P. Ivanov) and Golitsyns (1821 - 1837), the former Blinovsky passage in the spirit of Russian architecture of the 17th century, are protected as architectural monuments (the last third XIX century), the Volga-Kama Bank in the eclectic style (1894 - 1898, architect V.P. Zeidler), the bank of the Rukavishnikov brothers in the Art Nouveau style (1908 - 1912, architect F.O. Shekhtel; above the entrance there are sculptures personifying industry and agriculture , sculptor S.T. Konenkov).

On the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment there is the former house of S.M. Rukavishnikov in the neo-Baroque spirit (1877, architect P.S. Boytsov; at the entrance there is a sculpture of Atlanteans and caryatids, sculptor M.O. Mikeshin); house of D.V. Sirotkin in the neoclassical style (1914 - 1916, architects - brothers L.A. and V.A. Vesnin Museum).

On the left bank of the Oka, on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, the centric 5-domed Spassky Old Fair Cathedral (1817 - 1822, architect O. Montferrand) has not been lost, on Strelka - the Alexander Nevsky Fair Cathedral (1881, architect R.Ya. Kilevein, L.V. . Dal; restoration work has been going on since the beginning of 1990), Main house Nizhny Novgorod Fair (1890; since the early 1990s - the center of renewed exchange and fair activities.