Meaning of the word wormhole. What is a "Molehole"? Mole Hole

Worm-hole

Schematic representation of an “intra-world” wormhole for two-dimensional space

Mole Hole, Also "molehill" or "worm-hole"(the latter is a literal translation of English. wormhole) - a hypothetical topological feature of space-time, which at each moment of time is a “tunnel” in space. The area near the narrowest part of the molehill is called the "throat".

Wormholes are divided into “intra-world” ones. intra-universe) and “inter-world” (eng. inter-universe) depending on whether it is possible to connect its inputs with a curve that does not intersect the neck (the figure shows an intra-world wormhole).

There are also passable (English) traversable) and impassable molehills. The latter are those tunnels that collapse too quickly for an observer or signal (which has no speed faster than light) to travel from one entrance to the other. A classic example of an impassable wormhole is the Schwarzschild space, and a traversable example is the Morris-Thorne wormhole.

In science fiction worlds in which FTL travel is possible but limited, wormholes also play an important role by allowing connections between regions that would otherwise be inaccessible within a travelable time frame. Several examples appear in the Star Trek series, including the Bajoran wormhole in Deep Space Nine.

In Carl Sagan's novel Contact and the 1997 film starring Jodie Foster and Matthew McConaughey, Jodie's character Ellie travels thousands of light years through several wormholes. During the journey, which lasted 18 hours for Ellie, only a split second passed on Earth, which created the impression that she had not flown anywhere. In her defense, Ellie refers to the Einstein-Rosen Bridge and the fact that she traveled faster than light and time. Kip Thorne's analysis of the situation, at Sagan's request, is cited by Thorne as the initial impetus for his research into the physics of wormholes.

Wormholes play a major role in the television series At the End of the Universe, where they are the reason for the appearance of John Crichton in another universe, and in the series Stargate, where the Stargate is described as a wormhole generator in which objects are converted into energy in the form of electromagnetic waves transmitted through the reconstruction space on the receiving side. In the science fiction series The Slithers, a wormhole (or vortex as it is commonly called in the series) is used to travel between parallel worlds, appearing once or twice in each episode. In the pilot episode it was called the "Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky Bridge".

In the fictional universe of Warhammer 40,000, two methods of traveling long distances in a time acceptable for mortals are described - the first is based on the use of a warp engine and is associated with the dangers that await a traveler moving by immersing himself in the world of demons, the second is based on the use of an already created tunnel system , permeating the galaxy, but the technology for making gates to enter this labyrinth has long been lost.

Other

• "Wormholes" Wormholes - Essays and Occasional Writings, 1998) - a book of essays by the famous English writer John Fowles.
• Wormholes are used to create the Interstellar Commonwealth in Peter F. Hamilton's Commonwealth Saga.
• Molehills also appear in the series “Black Hole School”.
• In the novels “Skull on the Sleeve” and “Skull in the Sky” (science fiction writer Nik Perumov), natural “Wormholes” were present, but were not studied by people.
• In the last four episodes of Futurama (Into the Wild Green Yonder 2009), wormholes are actively used not only to move the main characters, but also as elements of a giant universal miniature golf course.

Literature

• DeBenedictis, Andrew and Das, A. On a General Class of Wormhole Geometries. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Dzhunushaliev, Vladimir Strings in the Einstein's paradigm of matter. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Einstein, Albert and Rosen, Nathan. The Particle Problem in the General Theory of Relativity. Physical Review 48 , 73 (1935).
• Fuller, Robert W. and Wheeler, John A.. Causality and Multiply-Connected Space-Time. Physical Review 128 , 919 (1962).
• Garattini, Remo How Spacetime Foam modifies the brick wall. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Gonzalez-Díaz, Pedro F. Quantum time machine. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Gonzalez-Díaz, Pedro F. Ringholes and closed timelike curves. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Khatsymosky, Vladimir M. Towards the possibility of self-maintained vacuum traversable wormhole. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Krasnikov, Serguei Counter example to a quantum inequality. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Krasnikov, Serguei The quantum inequalities do not forbid spacetime shortcuts. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Li, Li-Xin Two Open Universes Connected by a Wormhole: Exact Solutions. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Morris, Michael S., Thorne, Kip S., and Yurtsever, Ulvi. Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy Condition. Physical Review Letters 61 , 1446-1449 (1988).
• Morris, Michael S. and Thorne, Kip S.. Wormholes in spacetime and their use for interstellar travel: A tool for teaching general relativity. American Journal of Physics 56 , 395-412 (1988).
• Nandi, Kamal K. and Zhang, Yuan-Zhong A Quantum Constraint for the Physical Viability of Classical Traversable Lorentzian Wormholes. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Ori, Amos A new time-machine model with compact vacuum core. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Roman, Thomas, A. Some Thoughts on Energy Conditions and Wormholes. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Teo, Edward Rotating traversable wormholes. arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Visser, Matt The quantum physics of chronology protection by Matt Visser. . arXiv eprint server. Retrieved August 12, 2005.
• Visser, Matt.

The section is very easy to use. Just enter the desired word in the field provided, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.

Meaning of the word wormhole

wormhole in the crossword dictionary

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

worm-hole

wormholes, w.

A hole made by worms in something. Wormhole in a tree.

only units Damage, destruction of something. worms, wormboy (special). There is a wormhole in the apples.

portable, units only A flaw, something that promises death or damage. There was some kind of wormhole in his soul.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

worm-hole

A flaw, a hole made in something. worms, certain insects, larvae. Apple with a wormhole. Ch. in the tree.

trans. Depravity, internal tendency towards vice. Man with a wormhole.

skills wormhole, -i, f. (I adj. wormy, -aya, oh.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

worm-hole

Hole made by worms (1*1).

1. Damage, destruction of something. worms (1*1).

   What is eaten away is spoiled by worms.

trans. That which promises death, damage; flaw.

Examples of the use of the word wormhole in literature.

And there, above the top of the oak tree, drowned in gunpowder smoke, above the all-round viewing platform of the dazzling cosmos of the world, a fiery arrow stretched into the sky, riddled wormhole soot.

With a look of concentration, as if this was the most interesting and important matter, he helped the teacher soak the board with a poisonous solution to protect against wormholes- vodka with arsenic disulphide and sublimate.

I didn't buy anything with the money I wasted Wormholes Ink stained the foreheads of the steps The nickels laughed Over the broken rose Wax fools Drank the tuberculous light I wandered like a stain Through the fields of cheerful everyday life Bone dominoes Dwelled in humpbacked tubers In the jelly of twisted water Teared the tight threads Like a barrier from divination And the absurdity of intercourse And mustachioed like a centaur The day galloped after me next, taking bad advice out of Night's mouth, now stretching out a thread, now poisoned meat, but I wanted to experience the climax of the story, where the heroic mug kills the scoundrels, and evil rushes with caution, his bare ass sparkling 10.

On both sides of the freeway worm-hole was already climbing the embankment, bending the silhouettes of trees and elevator towers with its flickering.

In addition to this, Esten now owned the forest in which Pliny's nightmare was mentioned, and several picturesque rocks, the belly of which was filled with a tangled tangle of wormholes abandoned adits.

In the corner of the altarpiece he discovered a corroded wormhole a door that opened relatively easily.

He didn't want to drive him, Deerskin, and Bathleaf into the canyon where they would be trapped between wormhole and fire.

It seemed like a pitiful, decrepit, abandoned mastodon, covered with dirt, growths, mold and sores, staggering, covered in wormhole, abandoned, condemned, looking like a huge beggar who vainly begged like alms for a friendly look at the crossroads, took pity on another beggar - on a pathetic pygmy who walked without shoes, had no roof over his head, warmed his hands with his breath, was dressed in rags , ate garbage.

Repeat why you cannot install a radio transmitter near wormhole and send signals through it?

A real critic would have noticed in time wormhole, would point out the difference in the mentality of an American, who has never had high goals, and a Russian, in whom the concepts of the High have been brought up for centuries.

Their precious fruits are always in juice, do not wither or rot, They are all of the same size and lack wormholes, Fresh, juicy, abundant, and truly eternal.

Traveling through space and time is possible not only in science fiction films and science fiction books, a little more and it can become a reality. Many well-known and respected specialists are working on the study of such phenomena as wormholes and space-time tunnels.

A wormhole, as defined by physicist Eric Davis, is a kind of cosmic tunnel, also called a throat, connecting two distant regions in the Universe or two different Universes - if other Universes exist - or two different periods of time, or different spatial dimensions. Despite the fact that their existence has not been proven, scientists are seriously considering all possible ways to use traversable wormholes, provided they exist, to cover distances at the speed of light, and even travel through time.

Before using wormholes, scientists need to find them. Today, unfortunately, no evidence of the existence of wormholes has been found. But if they do exist, their location may not be as difficult as it seems at first glance.

What are wormholes?

Today, there are several theories about the origin of wormholes. Mathematician Ludwig Flamm, who used Albert Einstein's equations of relativity, was the first to coin the term “wormhole,” describing the process where gravity can bend time space related to the fabric of physical reality, resulting in the formation of a space-time tunnel.

Ali Evgun, from the Eastern Mediterranean University in Cyprus, suggests that wormholes arise in areas of dense accumulation of dark matter. According to this theory, wormholes could exist in the outer regions of the Milky Way, where there is dark matter, and within other galaxies. Mathematically, he was able to prove that there were all the necessary conditions to confirm this theory.

“In the future, it will be possible to indirectly observe similar experiments, as shown in the film Interstellar,” said Ali Evgun.

Thorne and a number of other scientists concluded that even if some wormhole were to form due to the necessary factors, it would most likely collapse before any object or person passed through it. In order to keep the wormhole open long enough, a large amount of so-called “exotic matter” would be required. One form of natural “exotic matter” is dark energy, and Davis explains its action this way: “pressure below atmospheric pressure creates a gravitational-repulsive force, which in turn pushes the interior of our Universe outward, which produces the inflationary expansion of the Universe.”

Such exotic material as dark matter is five times more abundant in the Universe than ordinary matter. Until now, scientists have not been able to detect clusters of dark matter or dark energy, so many of their properties are unknown. The study of their properties occurs through the study of the space around them.

Through a wormhole through time - reality?

The idea of ​​time travel is quite popular not only among researchers. The theory of wormholes is based on Alice's journey through the looking glass in Lewis Carroll's novel of the same name. What is a space-time tunnel? The region of space at the far end of the tunnel should stand out from the area around the entrance due to distortions similar to reflections in curved mirrors. Another sign could be the concentrated movement of light directed through the wormhole tunnel by air currents. Davis calls the phenomenon at the leading end of the wormhole the "caustic rainbow effect." Such effects can be visible from a distance. "Astronomers plan to use telescopes to hunt for these rainbow phenomena, looking for a natural or even unnaturally created, traversable wormhole," Davis said. “I’ve never heard that the project actually got off the ground.”

As part of his research into wormholes, Thorne theorized that a wormhole could be used as a time machine. Thought experiments involving time travel often run into paradoxes. Perhaps the most famous of them is the grandfather paradox: If a researcher goes back in time and kills his grandfather, then this person will not be able to be born, and therefore would never go back in time. While there may be no way back to time travel, Davis said Thorne's work has opened up new possibilities for scientists to explore.

Phantom Link: Wormholes and the Quantum Realm

"The entire cottage industry of theoretical physics grew out of theories that led to the development of other space-time techniques producing the described causes of time machine paradoxes," Davis said. Despite everything, the possibility of using a wormhole for time travel attracts both science fiction fans and those who want to change their past. Davis believes, based on current theories, that in order to make a time machine out of a wormhole, the flows at one or both ends of the tunnel would need to be accelerated to speeds approaching the speed of light.

"Based on this, it would be extremely difficult to build a time machine based on a wormhole," Davis said. "In comparison, it would be much easier to use wormholes for interstellar travel in space."

Other physicists have suggested that time travel through a wormhole could cause a massive build-up of energy that would destroy the tunnel before it could be used as a time machine, a process known as quantum backlash. Still, dreaming about the potential of wormholes is still fun: "Think of all the possibilities that people would have if they discovered a way to do what they could do if they could travel through time?," Davis said. "Their adventures would be very interesting, to say the least."

Read: 1

A wormhole is a theoretical passage through space-time that could significantly shorten long journeys throughout the universe by creating shortcuts between destinations. The existence of wormholes is predicted by the theory of relativity. But along with convenience, they can also carry extreme dangers: the danger of sudden collapse, high radiation and dangerous contacts with exotic matter.

The theory of wormholes, or “wormholes”

In 1935, physicists Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen used the theory of relativity to propose the existence of “bridges” in space-time. These paths, called Einstein-Rosen bridges or wormholes, connect two different points in space-time, theoretically creating shortest corridors that reduce travel distance and time.

Wormholes have two mouths connected by a common neck. The mouths most likely have a spherical shape. The neck can be a straight section, but it can also curl, becoming longer the longer the regular route.

Einstein's general theory of relativity mathematically predicts the existence of wormholes, but none have been discovered to date. A negative mass wormhole can be tracked due to the effect of its gravity on light passing by.

Some solutions of the general theory of relativity allow the existence of “wormholes”, each entrance (mouth) of which is a black hole. However, natural black holes formed by the collapse of a dying star do not themselves create a wormhole.

Through the wormhole

Science fiction is replete with stories of travel through wormholes. But in reality, such travel is much more complex, and not only because we must first discover such a wormhole.

The first problem is size. Relic wormholes are believed to exist at a microscopic level, about 10 -33 centimeters in diameter. However, as the Universe expands, it is possible that some of them grew to large sizes.

Another problem arises from stability. More precisely, due to its absence. The wormholes Einstein-Rosen predicted would be useless for travel because they collapse too quickly. But more recent research has shown that wormholes containing "exotic matter" can remain open and unchanged for longer periods of time.

Exotic matter, which should not be confused with dark matter or antimatter, has negative density and enormous negative pressure. Such matter can only be detected in the behavior of certain vacuum states within the framework of quantum field theory.

If wormholes contain enough exotic matter, either naturally occurring or added artificially, then they could theoretically be used as a way to transmit information or a corridor through space.

Not only can wormholes connect two different ends of the same universe, they could also connect two different universes. Also, some scientists have suggested that if one wormhole entrance moved in a certain way, it could be useful for time travel . However, their opponents, such as British cosmologist Stephen Hawking, argue that such use is not possible.

While adding exotic matter to a wormhole may stabilize it to the point that human species can safely travel through it, there is still the possibility that adding "regular" matter will be enough to destabilize the portal.

Current technology is not enough to enlarge or stabilize wormholes, even if they are found in the near future. However, scientists continue to explore this concept as a method of space travel with the hope that the technology will eventually emerge and they will eventually be able to use wormholes.

Based on materials from Space.com

1. Time Travel Using Wormholes The concept of a time machine, which is used in many science fiction works, usually conjures up images of an implausible device. But according to the general theory...
2. Can we be sure that time travelers won't change our past? Usually, we take it for granted that our past is an established and unchangeable fact. History is as we remember it....

In science fiction wormholes, or wormholes, are a method often used to travel very long distances in space. Could these magical bridges really exist?

As enthusiastic as I am about humanity's future in space, there is one glaring problem. We are soft meat sacs, consisting mainly of water, and those others are so far from us. Even with the most optimistic spaceflight technologies, we can imagine that we will never reach another star in a time equal to the duration of a human life.

Reality tells us that even the stars closest to us are incomprehensibly distant, and it would take an enormous amount of energy or time to make the journey. Reality tells us that we need a spaceship that can somehow fly for hundreds or thousands of years while astronauts are born on it, generation after generation, live their lives and die on the flight to another star.

Science fiction, on the other hand, leads us to methods for building improved engines. Fire up the warp drive and watch the stars flash past, making the journey to Alpha Centauri as fast and enjoyable as cruising on a ship somewhere at sea.

Still from the movie "Interstellar".

Do you know what's even simpler? Worm-hole; a magical tunnel connecting two points of space and time. Just set your destination, wait for the stargate to stabilize and just fly... fly halfway across the galaxy to your destination.

Yes, it's really cool! Someone should have invented these wormholes, ushering in a brave new future of intergalactic travel. What are wormholes, and how soon can I use them? You ask...

A wormhole, also known as an Einstein-Rosen bridge, is a theoretical method of folding space and time so that you can connect two points in space together. Then you could instantly move from one place to another.

We'll use the classic demo from , where you draw a line between two points on a piece of paper, and then fold the paper and insert a pencil into those two points to shorten the path. This works great on paper, but is it real physics?

Albert Einstein, captured in a 1953 photograph. Photographer: Ruth Orkin.

As Einstein taught us, gravity is not a force that attracts matter like magnetism, it is actually the curvature of space-time. The Moon thinks it is simply following a straight line through space, but in reality it is following a curved path created by the Earth's gravity.

And so, according to physicists Einstein and Nathan Rosen, you could spin a ball of spacetime so dense that two points would be in the same physical location. If you could keep the wormhole stable, you could safely separate the two regions of spacetime so that they were still in the same location, but separated by the distance you liked.

We go down the gravity well on one side of the wormhole, and then appear with lightning speed in another place at a distance of millions and billions of light years. While creating wormholes is theoretically possible, they are practically impossible from what we currently understand.

The first big problem is that wormholes are impassable, according to the General Theory of Relativity. So keep this in mind, the physics that predicts these things prohibits their use as a method of transportation. Which is a pretty serious blow to them.

Artistic illustration of a spaceship moving through a wormhole into a distant galaxy. Credit: NASA

Secondly, even if a wormhole could be created, it would most likely be unstable, closing instantly after creation. If you tried to go to one end of it, you might just fall through.

Third, if they are traversable and it is possible to keep them stable, once any matter tries to pass through them - even photons of light - it would collapse the wormhole.

There is a glimmer of hope, as physicists still haven't figured out how to combine the theories of gravity and quantum mechanics. This means that the Universe itself may know something about wormholes that we do not yet understand. It is possible that they were created naturally as part of when the spacetime of the entire universe was pulled into a singularity.

Astronomers have proposed looking for wormholes in space by looking at how their gravity distorts the light of the stars behind them. None have shown up yet. One possibility is that wormholes look naturally like the virtual particles we know exist. Only they would be incomprehensibly small, on a Planck scale. You will need a smaller spaceship.

One of the most interesting implications of wormholes is that they could also allow you to travel through time. Here's how it works. First, create a wormhole in the laboratory. Then take one end of it, put a spaceship in it and fly at a significant fraction of the speed of light, so that the effect of time dilation takes effect.

For the people on the spaceship, only a few years will pass, while hundreds or even thousands of generations of people will pass on Earth. Assuming you could keep the wormhole stable, open, and traversable, then traveling through it would be very interesting.

If you walked in one direction, you would not only travel the distance between the wormholes, but you would also move forward in time, and on the way back: back in time.

Some physicists such as Leonard Susskind believe that this would not work because it would violate two fundamental principles of physics: the law of conservation of energy and the Heisenberg energy-time uncertainty principle.

Unfortunately, it seems that wormholes will have to remain in the realm of science fiction for the foreseeable future, perhaps forever. Even if it were possible to create a wormhole, you would need to keep it stable, open, and then figure out how to allow matter to pass into it without collapsing. Still, if you could figure this out, you would make space travel very convenient.

Title of the article you read "What are wormholes or wormholes?".