London National Gallery. Trafalgar Square

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Trafalgar Square

Completed by: Tolstikhin Sergey 11th grade student

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Trafalgar Square is a square in the center of London, where, on the site of the Charing Cross, the three main streets of Westminster converge - the Strand, Whitehall and the Mall. Initially it was called King William IV Square, but its final name was given in honor of the English victory at Trafalgar in 1805.

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Trafalgar Square is a traditional place for rallies, demonstrations, and public holidays - for example, Chinese New Year and Russian Old New Year. On May 8, 1945, Churchill announced victory in World War II to Londoners gathered in the square.

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Until recently, a special attraction of the square were pigeons that moved to the city from their traditional nesting sites - the surrounding mountains. There can be up to thirty-five thousand pigeons on the square at the same time. tourists always willingly fed the birds, buying seeds from the merchants working on the square. In 2000, the mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, banned the sale of pigeon feed in the square, removing the birdseed seller and his stall from Trafalgar Square.

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In 1841, four pedestals for sculptures were built in the corners of the square, three of them were decorated with statues of British statesmen, the fourth was empty for a long time. In September 2005, a sculpture depicting disabled pregnant artist Alison Lapper was unveiled on the empty fourth pedestal on the northwest corner of the square. On November 7, 2007, it was replaced by the multi-colored glass installation “Hotel Model” by the German sculptor Thomas Schütte. Installation Model of a hotel on the fourth pedestal. From July 6 to October 14, 2009 (for 100 days), an action by sculptor Antony Gormley called “One and Another” was held on the fourth pedestal, during which 2,400 ordinary Britons stood on the pedestal every hour, replacing each other. On May 24, 2010, a huge plexiglass bottle with a 1:30 scale model of Admiral Nelson's flagship Victory, on board which Nelson was mortally wounded during the Battle of Trafalgar, was placed on the fourth pedestal. The author of the project is British artist of Nigerian origin Yinka Shonibare. A separate website is dedicated to the fourth pedestal under the patronage of the Mayor of London

Trafalgar Square. Trafalgar Square is a square in the center of London where the three main streets of Westminster, Strand, Whitehall and the Mall, converge. Initially it was called King William IV Square, but its final name was given in honor of the English victory at Trafalgar in 1805. In the center of the square is Nelson's Column made of dark gray granite, 44 m high, topped with a statue of Admiral Nelson. It was built in the years, surrounded by sculptures of lions and fountains. There are four sculptures in the corners of the square. Around the square are the London National Gallery, the Church of St. Martin in the Fields (architect J. Gibbs, 1721), the Admiralty Arch and several embassies.

London National Gallery London National Gallery is a museum in London containing more than 2,000 examples of Western European painting from the 13th to early 20th centuries. The paintings in the gallery are exhibited in chronological order. The old Flemish masters, early Florentine and Sienese painting, Italian Renaissance and Baroque artists are represented here: Masaccio, Botticelli, Raphael, Giovanni Bellini, Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese and others. The paintings of the famous masters of French classicism Nicolas Poussin and Claude Laurent, as well as an amazing series of works by Holbein the Younger are kept here. It is in London's National Gallery that the largest collection of Velázquez paintings outside Spain is located. Duccio (full name - Duccio di Buoninsegna;) is considered one of the most prominent Italian painters of the turn of the 13th-14th centuries, the founder of Siena Gothic. The London National Gallery houses Duccio's works from his large altar composition Maesta (the magnification of the Virgin Mary and Child), which he painted for the main altar of the Siena Cathedral in the years now considered among the masterpieces of Italian painting. These include the Healing of the Blind and the Annunciation - paintings full of lyricism and spirituality. Despite the small size of the boards, you can feel the inner strength in them, which will later be characteristic of Masaccio’s masterpieces. In Healing the Blind, a group of saints led by Christ stands out with a bright spot of color against the background of the city, painted in pinkish-white tones. The figures of Christ and the two saints following him are especially expressive in their rich color scheme, and Christ’s clothes with their deep tones attract the main attention.

Caravaggio Caravaggio (his real name is Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio) was born in Milan. His role in the development of painting at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries was enormous. He received his first painting lessons in the studio of Simone Peterzano, where he painted objects and draperies in paintings by already well-known, established masters. With this knowledge he left for Rome. Everything that Caravaggio achieved later, first of all, he owes to his great talent, his frantic temperament and bold view of things, his ability to cut off all unnecessary details. Only to a certain extent, Caravaggio’s successes are the merit of those painters who taught him. He was a great Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, thinker, one of the greatest masters of the Renaissance. The London National Gallery houses the painting “Supper at Emmaus”, commissioned by Ciriaco Mattei to depict a scene from the Gospel of Luke. This is undoubtedly one of Caravaggio's masterpieces from the Roman period. The canvas depicts a simple meal of four people gathered together. Contrasting chiaroscuro pulls out their faces, clothes and white tablecloth from the semi-darkness of the background with an amazingly painted still life of grapes, fruit and fried chicken lying in a basket.

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (Spanish: Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes; March 30, 1746, Fuendetodos, near Zaragoza April 16, 1828, Bordeaux) Spanish painter, engraver, draftsman. The London collection contains a number of works characterizing various periods of this master’s work. One of his works is Portrait of Donna Isabel de Porcel. In the storm of wars and revolutions that shook Europe at the beginning of the 19th century, it was lost, and the Portrait of Donna Isabel de Porcel, which before the Napoleonic Wars adorned the Academy of San Fernando in Madrid, is now in the London National Gallery. The portrait shows a young Spanish woman in a black lace dress in the fashion of that time. Blonde hair, a thinly defined nose, plump pink lips - one cannot help but admire the beauty of this woman. But her main decoration is her amazing gray-green eyes, looking proudly and almost defiantly. The whiteness of the face is contrasted by a black lace cape.

The most important English artist of the 18th century was Thomas Gainsborough (). Classical traditions had almost no influence on his work. He was a wonderful painter, landscape painter, graphic artist and portrait painter. The Portrait of Sarah Siddons is Gainsborough's portrait masterpiece. Sarah Siddon, one of twelve children of the owners of a traveling theater, managed to become the leading actress of her time. Both Reynolds and Lawrence painted her portraits. However, perhaps only Gainsborough managed to perpetuate the image of this great actress, who managed to come through all the thorns to fame. Sarah sits in a chair against the backdrop of red drapery, which sets off the actress’s blue costume (blue was the artist’s favorite color). Her graceful, slightly predatory profile is crowned with a black hat with feathers, looking like a crown on her. The actress' yellow scarf goes well with the brown fur muff resting on her lap. With all her appearance, Sarah seems to be saying: “Look at me, this is what I am. And I owe everything I have only to myself.”
William Hogarth William Hogarth () was born in London. Where and how he received his art education is unknown. At the time when Hogarth entered the artistic scene, the leading role in it still belonged to foreign artists. Among wealthy collectors, paintings by Flemish or Italian masters were valued. In the 1920s, he was mentioned as an illustrator and author of topical satirical prints. In his art, formed under the influence of Callot’s drawings and satirical scenes of Dutch painters, in particular Steen, individual traits began to appear early. In Hogarth completed a series of six paintings called “The Career of a Prostitute.” The engraving prints of the series, printed in 1732, enjoyed great success. The next series of engravings, “The Career of a Waste,” was published in 1735, and in 1745 the famous cycle “Fashionable Marriage” appeared. This was followed by other series, including “Diligence and Indolence” (1747) and “Elections” (4 engravings). Hogarth also completed many individual engravings, several portraits and a number of historical paintings. In 1753, his treatise “Analysis of Beauty” was published. In 1757, George II appointed Hogarth as chief painter; in this position he succeeded John Thornhill. In 1764, the artist released his last engraving, “The End, or the Abyss.”

Trafalgar Square

Prepared

Rogovskaya Daria, 5a

• In the center of the square since 1843 there has been a dark gray granite Nelson Column, 44 m high, with a statue of the admiral himself on top. The column is decorated with frescoes, cast figures of lions and fountains. The square is surrounded by famous buildings, including the building of the London National Gallery and the Church of St. Martin in the Fields. In 1841, four pedestals for sculptures appeared in the corners of the square, three of which were occupied by statues of British statesmen (George IV, Lord Havelock, Sir Charles Napier), and on the fourth pedestal the sculptures appeared only in 2005. The end of World War II was also announced to Londoners on May 8, 1945 by Churchill in Trafalgar Square. Here, on the square, every winter the Chinese New Year and the Russian Old New Year are celebrated.
• The country's main Christmas tree is traditionally installed in Trafalgar Square, which Norway has annually given to London since World War II as a token of gratitude for its liberation from fascism. The end of World War II was also announced to Londoners on May 8, 1945 by Churchill in Trafalgar Square. Here, on the square, every winter they celebrate the Chinese New Year and the Russian Old New Year.

On two more pedestals there are sculptures of two colonial military leaders - Lord Havelock (for the suppression of the rebellion in India) and Sir Charles Napier (the conquest of the Indian province of Sindh). The fourth pedestal in Trafalgar Square is still empty; for more than a hundred years, the British have not decided which of the British deserves to be on this pedestal. From time to time, various works of contemporary artists are installed on it. Pigeons were a peculiar attraction of Trafalgar Square. Previously, there could be up to 35 thousand pigeons here at the same time. Demonstrations are currently taking place in Trafalgar Square. One of the best is May Day. The middle of Trafalgar Square is the starting point for distances, but besides this, the square is also an important transport interchange. Trafalgar Square is one of the main attractions of the British capital. The square is located in the center of London, at the crossroads of three important streets of Westminster - Strand, Whitehall and Mall. The square, formerly known as King William IV Square, was renamed Trafalgar Square in honor of the victory of the English fleet under Admiral Nelson off Trafalgar in 1805.

Trafalgar Square is one of the main attractions of the British capital. The square is located in the center of London, at the crossroads of three important streets of Westminster - Strand, Whitehall and Mall. The square, formerly known as King William IV Square, was renamed Trafalgar Square in honor of the victory of the English fleet under Admiral Nelson off Trafalgar in 1805.

In the center of the square since 1843 there has been a dark gray granite Nelson Column, 44 m high, with a statue of the admiral himself on top. The column is decorated with frescoes, cast figures of lions and fountains.

The square is surrounded by famous buildings, including the London National Gallery and the Church of St Martin in the Fields.

In 1841, four pedestals for sculptures appeared in the corners of the square, three of which were occupied by statues of British statesmen (George IV, Lord Havelock, Sir Charles Napier), and sculptures appeared on the fourth pedestal only in 2005. The first was a figure of pregnant disabled artist Alison Lapper, the next was a multi-colored glass installation "Hotel Model" by German sculptor Thomas Schutte, and behind that was a large plexiglass bottle with a 1:30 scale model of Admiral Nelson's flagship, the Victory, inside.

The square has always been a popular public place, where both solemn and sad events took place. For example, the square has seen the dispersal of rallies, bloody riots, and protest demonstrations. At the same time, the country’s main Christmas tree is traditionally installed in Trafalgar Square, which Norway has given to London every year since World War II as a token of gratitude for its liberation from fascism. The end of World War II was also announced to Londoners on May 8, 1945 by Churchill in Trafalgar Square. Here, on the square, every winter the Chinese New Year and the Russian Old New Year are celebrated.

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Trafalgar Square. Ladies and Gentlemen!!! Welcome to London! It is a city of your dream! One of the most famous places is

Trafalgar Square is a public space and tourist attraction in central London don. It was named Trafalgar Square to commemorate the historical naval victory won on the 21st of October 1805 by the British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson over the combined French-Spanish fleet commanded by Villeneuve. The battle took place at Cape Trafalgar in the mouth of the Straits of Gibraltar and lasted several hours. The name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar y (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars. The original name was to have been "King William the Fourth"s Square", but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square". History.

Nelson's Column, with the statue of Admiral Lord Nelson on top, rises in the center of Trafalgar Square. This most impressive monument is 170 feet (about 52 m) tall. The statue of Nelson, placed facing towards the sea he loved, measures 17 feet (more than 5 m) in height. Trafalgar Square today.

To the north-east of Trafalgar Square there is the building that houses the National Gallery of Art - one of the most important Art Galleries in the world and behind is the National Portrait Gallery. There are two statues on the lawn in front of the National Gallery: James II by Grinling Gibbons to the west of the portico, and George Washington to the east.

There are many pigeons in the square and Londoners like to feed them. Everybody knows that the dove is the symbol of peace all over the world.

Quite often the square becomes the location for meetings and in it crowds of Londoners congregate to celebrate political rallies. So it can be said that Trafalgar Square is the heart from which the beat is emitted to all the Londoners.

We can use Trafalgar Square during the Olympic Games 2012 in London as area for sports competitions. Moreover we can arrange a parade of participants of the Olympic games 2012.

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