The state of military medicine at the beginning of the Crimean (Eastern) war. military hospital

The leading place among the reforms of Peter I was given to ensuring

the population and the army with medical care. Particular attention was paid

medical care of the reorganized army and navy. Yes, in

" Militarycharter" (1716) and in " maritimecharter" (1720)

provided for the sanitary service of the army and fleet. Were published

decrees aimed at maintaining hygiene in the troops and on ships,

to prevent contagious diseases in the army, to improve

medical care for the wounded and sick.

Later published " regulations" (I72I - I722) measures were indicated

to maintain and strengthen the health of troops both in peacetime and

wartime, as well as the obligatory medical staff. With every company

there was supposed to be a barber, in the regiment - a doctor, in the division - a doctor and

head physician.

I'M IN. Willie developed and put into practice a new system of medical care for the wounded. Thanks to his efforts in 1811-1813. increased the number of temporary military hospitals. by the beginning of 1812, the army medical service of the Russian army had 29 military temporary hospitals, the number of which during the hostilities exceeded 70. the temporary hospital did not occupy one room; there was no building of sufficient size in the city for him. As a result, the patients were placed in different buildings: in the house of government offices, in the barracks, in city hospitals, in part of the gymnasium building, in the city public and in the former educational houses.

17. Measures to combat epidemics on the territory of the Moscow State

The idea of ​​the "stickiness" of the contagion led to the introduction of precautionary measures. At first, this was expressed in the isolation of the sick and the cordoning off of disadvantaged places: the dead were buried "in the same yards in which someone dies, in all dress and on what someone dies." Communication with plague-ridden houses ceased, their inhabitants were fed from the street through the gate. During the plague of 1521 in the city of Pskov, Prince Mikhail Kislitsa "ordered ... Petrovsky Street to be locked up at both ends."

At the end of the XVI - beginning of the XVII century. quarantine measures began to acquire a state character. From 1654 to 1665, more than 10 royal decrees were issued in Russia "on precaution against pestilence." During the plague of 1654-55. barriers and barriers were set up on the roads, through which no one was allowed to pass under fear death penalty regardless of rank and rank. All contaminated items were burned at the stake. .Letters along the way they were rewritten many times, and the originals were burned. Money was washed in vinegar. The dead were buried outside the city. Priests, under pain of death, were forbidden to bury the dead. Lechtsov were not allowed to see contagious people. If any of them accidentally visited a "sticky" patient, he was obliged to inform the sovereign himself about this and stay at home "until the royal permission."

The import and export of all goods, as well as work in the fields, were stopped. All this led to crop failures and famine, which always followed the epidemic. Scurvy and other diseases appeared, which, together with hunger, gave a new wave of mortality.

The medicine of that time was powerless in the face of epidemics, and the system of state quarantine measures developed at that time in the Moscow State was all the more important. The creation of the Pharmaceutical Order was of great importance in the fight against epidemics.

Chapter 1. Creation and functioning of the hospital rear base.

§1. The main stages of the formation of a network of hospitals.

§2. Measures to improve the material and technical base of 53 hospitals.

§3. Providing hospitals with medical personnel.

Chapter 2. Organization and improvement of medical work in hospitals.

§1. Management of the medical work of hospitals.

§2. Medical-evacuation and scientific-practical activities of hospitals.

Chapter 3. Public and patronage assistance to hospitals.

§ 1. Main directions of public activity.

§2. Chef's help to hospitals.

Dissertation Introduction 2001, abstract on history, Shelia, Zhanna Aleksandrovna

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. - perhaps the most significant and tragic event not only of the 20th century, but of the entire Russian history. Having swept through the cities and villages with multimillion-dollar grief, it affected almost every Soviet family. The victory was made possible by incredible efforts. It was won not only by mass heroism at the front, but also by the unprecedented feat of home front workers. Soviet doctors did a lot to defeat fascism: 72.3% of the wounded and 90.6% of the sick soldiers were again returned to combat formation1. None of the warring countries knew such results during the Second World War. Medical workers returned to the active army almost 2 times more wounded than German doctors (72.3% vs.

40%). 7 million fighters and commanders were returned to the army^. In the evacuation hospitals formed on the territory of the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions, this medical indicator was even higher and amounted to more than 90%.

Therefore, in the complex of problems of the history of the Patriotic War, issues related to the history of the medical support of the Red Army are of obvious relevance. The study of the historical experience of successfully solving such complex problems of the initial period of the war as the evacuation of thousands of hospitals from the front-line areas to the rear, their creation in new places, as well as the solution of other tasks for restructuring the life of the country on a war footing, are of great importance. The study of this experience is becoming all the more relevant in today's conditions, when hostilities are underway in a number of regions of the former USSR, tens of thousands of people are injured and die. In this regard, the historical experience of the war years,

1 Health care during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Collection of documents and materials. M., 1977. P.21 Chikin S.V. The CPSU and the protection of the health of the people. M., 1977. S.52

Sinitsin A.M. All-People's Aid to the Front. On the patriotic movements of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. M., 1985. S.245. of course, today it requires its deep reflection, it can teach a lot and warn the current and future generations.

tragic events recent years personally confirmed the sad truth: in extreme conditions, be it natural disasters, earthquakes, social disasters, terrorist attacks or long, bloody military conflicts, the need for medical service increases many times over. In addition, the question of rendering assistance to the wounded soldiers by the population itself has now turned into an urgent aspect. In this regard, the study of the valuable experience of the Great Patriotic War, and, in particular, the activities of medical institutions, is not only scientific cognitive, but also an increasing social and applied meaning. We can talk and are already talking about how, at least if possible, to make up for the losses of the army in the field at the expense of recovering soldiers. The care of people for wounded soldiers is a heroic page of the Great Patriotic War. The results of research on this problem can be used as additional material for the patriotic education of young people. In this regard, of interest are the forms and methods of work that arouse feelings of compassion and mercy, uniting the efforts of the whole people to help people in need: the disabled, war and labor veterans, internationalist soldiers, orphans. Given the specific historical conditions and realities of today, the experience of the Great Patriotic War is very instructive in this respect.

During the years separating us from the Patriotic War, a huge amount of historical material has been accumulated, a large number of works have been created that shed light on both the general problems of the war and its individual aspects. By the beginning of 1980 historical literature on the Great Patriotic War totaled over 16,000 titles4. Nevertheless, there is still a lot of things waiting for much closer attention, especially at the level of modern scientific research.

4 Historiography of the Great Patriotic War. Digest of articles. M., 1980. P.6. research - comprehensive, in-depth and objective, and therefore free from political and other conjuncture. In the study of the topic of interest to us, the following stages can be distinguished: 1) June 1941. - May 1945, 2) the first post-war decade, 3) 1956. - 80s, 4) from the beginning of the 90s. They partly coincide with the main periods of the socio-political development of the whole country, since the development of the humanities themselves and a number of other sciences in the USSR was substantially commensurate with the general situation in domestic and foreign policy.

The first attempts to cover certain aspects of the activities of hospitals were made during the war and in the first post-war years. At the same time, the study of the experience of the Soviet authorities and the public in organizing assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers of the Red Army began. During this period, more than 15 thousand articles were published in journals and collections of scientific papers related to various issues of military medicine, including the activities of evacuation hospitals (EG) in the rear3. For the most part, these were popular science articles of an applied and recommendatory nature. Their appointment was meant to disseminate the experience accumulated in the rear hospital bases of the country in medical and sanitary care for the wounded and in organizing patronage assistance6. At the same time, the first attempts were made to generalize the experience of the medical service of the Red Army in general and individual fronts in particular. Among them, the works of the leading figures of the military medical service of the Red Army stood out: its chief surgeon N.N. Burdenko,

5 Ivanov N.G., Georgievsky A.S., Lobastov O.S. Soviet healthcare and military medicine in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. JL, 1985, p.235.

6 Shipovsky Ya. Patronage over hospitals is an honorable duty of Soviet patriots. //Sanitary defense. 1941. Nos. 12-13; Richter 3. Soviet hospital. M., 1942.

Work experience of doctors of the North-Western Front. Issue I. Ed. divdoctor M.A. Shamashkin, divdoctor prof. N.N.Elansky, in/v.1 rank B.M.Milovidov. M., 1943. Further: The experience of the doctors of the North-Western Fornt .; Milovidov S.I. Results and tasks of the work of the Eg NKZ USSR. //Soviet health care. 1942. Nos. 5-6. head of the GVSU KA E.I. Smirnov, medical scientist I.B. Rostotsky and others.8. They contained material on the organizational structure of the military sanitary service of the Red Army, its tasks for the medical support of the troops, relevant scientific research, the work of doctors in front-line conditions, their exploits at the front and in the rear of the country, revealed some forms of popular assistance to wounded soldiers. Their authors, direct participants and main organizers of the relevant services, shared their experience of almost unparalleled treatment of an unprecedented number of the wounded, revealed achievements and shortcomings in organizing care for the wounded, and summarized the first factual material. Small journal articles and separate brochures covered the instructions and recommendations of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army on carrying out party political work in evacuation hospitals, organizing socialist competition, and improving the activities of hospital primary party organizations9. It was in the works of this subject that the historical-party aspect was most clearly expressed. But due to the incompleteness of events, the insufficiency of the source base and its certain secrecy, these publications, of course, could not even in an approximate form comprehensively cover the topic being raised. All of them, without exception, were of a practical descriptive nature, although the assessments contained in them and practical advice are of cognitive and scientific-practical interest.

A broader generalization of the experience of hospital treatment of the wounded began immediately after the end of the war. Despite the still relative narrowness of primary sources, the research of the first post-war decade already represented new approaches to a deeper understanding and g

Burdenko N.N. Soviet military surgery during the Great Patriotic War. M., 1946; Smirnov E.I. Soviet military doctors in the Patriotic War. M., 1945; Rostotsky I.B. Fighter in the hospital. M., 1942; He is. Caring for the wounded. M., 1945.

9 Ivanov P. Political education among the wounded defenders of the motherland. // Propaganda and agitation. 1943. No. 18; Petrenko I.K. Political and educational work in the EG NKZ USSR at a new stage. // Hospital business. 1943. No. 4; and other generalizations of the past, to the role of various factors in achieving the Victory. At the same time, truly scientific developments were significantly constrained by the lack, and even the complete absence of archival materials. Therefore, some works of the post-war decade were characterized by an insufficiently high scientific level of research10. Nevertheless, it was during this period that the main directions of scientific research were outlined and even predetermined, the systematization and logical comprehension of the factual material began. An important role in the scientific understanding of the topic of interest to us was played by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the scientific development and generalization of the experience of Soviet medicine during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", adopted on March 26, 1946. The result of its implementation was a multi-volume study published in 1951-1956. "It reflects the selfless work of Soviet scientists and doctors who were directly involved in the treatment of the wounded and sick in army conditions and in the rear.

Since the mid-1950s, especially after the 20th Congress of the CPSU, there has been not only an intensification of the study of the history of the Great Patriotic War, the scientific level of research has noticeably increased, their topics have expanded, and the source base has become richer. A subsequent increase in interest in the issue under study was observed at the end of the 60s, as evidenced by the appearance of a number of monographs covering the development of Soviet health care in historical and party terms. Separate aspects of the problem of interest to us are reflected in the generalizing works on the history of the CPSU and the Soviet state, the history of its Armed Forces, the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War as a whole, published and

10 Frolov D.F. Saratov regional party organization in the struggle for assistance to the wounded soldiers of the Soviet Army during the Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945 Dis. cand. ist. Sciences. Saratov, 1951; Bagdasaryan S.M. Burdenko N.N. M., 1954; Vinogradov N.A. Health care during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. M., 1955. Further: Vinogradov N.A. Decree. op.

11 Experience of Soviet medicine in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. TT.1-35. M., 1951-1956. republished in subsequent years 12. These works found a deep substantiation of the importance and necessity of restructuring the entire healthcare system, the formation of a wide hospital network in the rear areas of the country. In part, the origin of the patronage movement to help the wounded was also traced, its individual forms were considered, especially the patronage of hospitals by cultural workers. Thus, in the 5th volume of the multivolume "History of the CPSU" the tasks of the All-Union, Republican, and Regional Committees for Assistance to the Sick and Wounded Soldiers and Commanders of the Red Army, created by decision of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks at the beginning of the war, were set out, data characterizing the donor movement . It also contained an analysis of the duties of local party committees to carry out political work in hospitals assigned to them by the Central Committee.

VKP(b). Familiarization with these works helped the author to determine some of the activities of the Soviet government to mobilize the general public to provide assistance to the wounded soldiers of the Red Army and its maintenance. But even in such fundamental works, the most generalizing data on the results achieved by our medicine during the Great Patriotic War were absent.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the interest of researchers in the issues of party leadership in the organization of health care increased significantly, as evidenced by the appearance of monographs covering the development of Soviet health care in historical and party terms. A number of works of similar content were published in subsequent years. Among them, the works of E.I. Smirnov, M.K. Kuzmin, N.G. Ivanov, A.S. Georgievskii, O.S. Lobastov, I.B. Among the original works that revealed

History of the CPSU. In 6 volumes. T.5. Book 1. M., 1970; The Great Patriotic War Soviet Union 1941-1945 Short story. M, 1967; History of the Second World War 1939-1945. In 12 volumes. M., 1973-1982; Soviet rear in the Great Patriotic War. Book. 1-2. M., 1974; Rear of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. M., 1974; History of the USSR from ancient times to the present day. In 12 volumes. T. 10. M., 1973.

13 History of the CPSU. T.5. Book 1. M., 1970.

14 Smirnov E.I. War and military medicine. M., 1979; Kuzmin M.K. Soviet medicine in the organizational and theoretical foundations of military medicine, a special place is occupied by the study edited by A.S. Georgievsky and D.D. Kuvshinovsky "Essays on the history of Soviet military medicine." The main attention in the work is paid to the emergence and further development of military medicine at various stages of the development of the Soviet state. It reveals the process of formation and improvement of the system and principles of medical support during the years of the civil war and other military operations. A special place is given to summarizing the experience of the military medical service during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period. The work of Colonel-General of the medical service, Hero of Socialist Labor E.I. Smirnov "War and military medicine" was widely known and recognized. Being a direct participant in the events described and having the most valuable primary sources at his disposal, the author was able to fully reveal the nature and features of the medical support of the Red Army's military operations for the period from 1939 to 1945. The study outlines the modern military field medical doctrine, provides a scientific justification for maneuvering the forces and means of the medical service in the army, substantiates the principle of staged treatment and evacuation of the wounded as directed. Monograph Smirnov G.I. is not only the author's memoirs, but also a deep generalization of the work of the medical service during the war years. The scientific work of M.K. Kuzmin is devoted to the history of Soviet medicine during the Great Patriotic War. Based on the study of primary sources, the author analyzed and traced the multifaceted activities of civil health care and military medicine in severe wartime conditions. The paper shows the role of the CPSU and the Soviet government in the restructuring of the Soviet healthcare system for the years of the Great Patriotic War. M., 1979. Further: Kuzmin M.K. Decree. op; Ivanov M.G., Georgievsky A.S., Lobastov O.S. Soviet healthcare and military medicine in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. L., 1985. Further: Ivanov M.G., Georgievsky N.S., Lobastov O.S. Decree. op; Rostotsky I.B. Rear evacuation hospitals, M., 1967. Further: Rostotsky I.B. Decree. op. military manner. The activities of the NKZ of the USSR in organizing organizational, medical, scientific, sanitary and anti-epidemic work are covered. Separate chapters are devoted to the peculiarities of Soviet medicine, the role of the main specialists. For the first time in historiography, the story of the creation and first steps of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was traced. I. B. Rostotsky in his work described the activities of the rear EG, determined the features of medical work in these institutions. Drawing on rich factual material, the author showed the effectiveness of the rear evacuation hospitals, summed up the results of their activities.

An important place was occupied by works on the heroism of doctors in rescuing the wounded on the battlefield, in front-line medical institutions, and, of course, in the rear EG. These are numerous monographs and articles by historians of military medicine, including the already mentioned M.K. Kuzmin, as well as N.A. Vishnevsky, V.P. Gritskevich, F.P. Satrapinsky, I.V. Aleksanyan, M.Sh. Knopov, Ya.M. Yarovinsky, M.B. Mirsky, V.V. Kovanov and others. The authors of these works note that the best health personnel were sent to the hospitals of the army and the rear of the country. These works give a very vivid idea of ​​the current system of medical support of the Red Army, of the principles of the relationship between the military sanitary service bodies, local health authorities and public organizations. Their value also consisted in the fact that they not only summarized the specific experience of Soviet medicine during the war years, but also proved its effectiveness.

Issues of patronage assistance to the wounded were frontally traced in the works of S.G. Mushkin, I.I. Roshchin, A.N. Sinitsin. They showed the concern of the village workers to improve the food supply for the wounded, Kuzmin M.K. Medical Heroes of the Soviet Union. Ed. 2nd. M., 1970; Vishnevsky N.A. Soviet doctors during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. JI., 1990; Gritskevich V.P., Satrapinsky F.V. Military doctors-cavaliers of the Order of Glory of three degrees. JI., 1975; Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov M.Sh. The immortal feat of doctors. //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1995. No. 2; Yarovinsky M.Ya. The contribution of medical workers in Moscow to the victory was revealed by the participation of the entire population in the collection of household equipment for hospitals, the contribution of public organizations to the daily care of the wounded was noted16. It is important to emphasize that in these works an attempt was made to analyze the forms and methods of organizing the patronage movement. First of all, this refers to the monograph by A. M. Sinitsin. Some issues of party leadership of the patronage movement to help hospitals are discussed in a number of publications devoted to the activities of the Soviet rear during the Great Patriotic War. On the basis of documentary material, the authors show the importance of this patriotic undertaking for the successful operation of hospitals, evaluate the contribution of the population to the struggle for the preservation

17 lives of wounded soldiers. At the same time, it should be noted that they mainly studied the role of patronage organizations in the food supply of EGs and providing them with medicinal raw materials. Other forms of patronage movement in these studies have not received proper coverage, although the issue of their diversity is important in the overall assessment of the activities of home front hospitals.

In a number of works, the question of the significance and main directions of party explanatory activity among treated military personnel and hospital medical personnel is considered. The most significant in this regard were the studies of A.P. Berezhnyak18. Author over fascism.//1985. No. 5; Mirsky M. Saved Lives. M., 1971; Kovanov V.V. Soldiers of Immortality. M., 1985; and etc.

16 Mushkin S.G. Nationwide ■ assistance to wounded soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. Tbilisi. 1971. Further: Mushkin S.G. Decree. op; Roshchin I.I. People to the front. M., 1975; Sinitsin A.M. All-People's Aid to the Front. On the patriotic movements of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. M., 1985. Further: Sinitsin A.M. Decree. op.

Soviet rear in the Great Patriotic War. Book 1. M., 1977; The role of the Soviet rear in achieving victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. All-Union Scientific Conference. June 4-6. 1985 Abstracts of scientific communications. M., 1985

Gadaev JI.E. Economy of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. M., 1985.

Berezhnyak A.P. Party and political work in the hospitals of the Soviet Armed Forces during the Great Patriotic War. //VMZH. 1966. No. 5; Berezhnyak A.P. Party and political work in the hospitals of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) Dis. cand. ist. Sciences. L., 1969. Further: Berezhnyak A.P. Decree. op; He is. O revealed the tasks and significance of party-political work in hospitals. Emphasizing the general principles of party explanatory work in the army and hospitals, at the same time, he showed the specifics and features of its implementation among wounded military personnel and hospital staff. Due to the direction of his work, the author limited the scope of the study to the hospitals of the army in the field. Party and political work in the EG of the rear areas of the country is not considered in its publications. This gap was partly filled by V.I. Razumov, who made an attempt to reveal some forms and methods of political and educational work in the home front EG, showed its specifics19. One can, in general, agree with the author's conclusions about the need to transfer at the beginning of 1942. powers to direct party-political work in the rear EG from military bodies to local committees of the CPSU (b). With specific examples, V.I. Razumov proves the correctness and timeliness of such a decision. At the same time, the author does not evaluate the work of hospital primary party organizations in the practical implementation of the main directions of party political work, although the problem he considers organically includes this issue. In addition, in the article by V.I. Razumov, achievements are mainly analyzed, and the shortcomings and difficulties faced by the party bodies in carrying out explanatory work in the party in hospitals and measures to overcome them are not sufficiently covered.

The problems of the party leadership of nationwide assistance to the wounded were considered in numerous articles published in the scientific press. As a rule, in a generalized way, the authors assessed the activities of the Soviet health care during the war years, showed the contribution of medical workers from the EG to replenishing the units of the army with new reserves20. party political work in medical units and institutions during the Great Patriotic War. //VMZH. 1985. No. 4.

19 Razumov V.I. Party and political work in the rear EG during the Great Patriotic War. / From the history of the struggle of the CPSU for the victory of socialism and communism. 4.7. M. 1977.

Georgievsky A.S. The contribution of Soviet health care to the Great Victory. //Soviet health care. 1975. No. 5; Fedorov K.V. Party concern for high efficiency

The idea was argued that under the leadership of the party and state bodies, medical workers coped with the tasks assigned to them in wartime with honor. At the same time, the scientific value of these works is reduced by the lack of analysis of shortcomings and difficulties in healthcare activities during the Great Patriotic War. However, this shortcoming is characteristic of most works on the topic under study published in the 1970s and early 1980s.

Articles by V. Fedorov,

M.A. Vodolagina, S.I. Stepunina, V.I. Razumov. Written in the appropriate aspect, with the involvement of a significant number of new documentary materials, to this day they help to better understand the essence of the policy of restructuring and functioning of health authorities in accordance with real requirements. The authors of these works argued that the restructuring in the Soviet health care took place as an integral part of the transfer of the entire national economy to a military footing. This ensured the timeliness and reliability of the hospital network in the rear areas of the country. Of particular note is the article by M.A. Vodolagin, which provides a brief historiography of the problem. In addition, the author for the first time raised the question of the need for a serious study of the experience of the All-Union and local Committees for Assistance to the Wounded, which worked under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, regional and regional party committees. The scientific analysis of their activities made it possible to comprehensively and critically assess the medical support of the troops during the Great Patriotic War. //VMZH. 1975. No. 5;

Komarov F.I. Soviet military medicine in the Great Patriotic War. //VMZH. 1985.

2; Zhukova J1.A. Activities of the Communist "Party in the leadership of health care during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) // Soviet health care. 1987. No. 7.

Fedotov V. Care of the party and the people about the wounded during the Great Patriotic War. //VMZH. 1977. No. 6; Vodolagin M.A. The party is the organizer of assistance to the wounded - soldiers and commanders of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. //VIKPSS. 1978. No. 2; Stepunin S.I., Razumov V.I. The vanguard role of the party for the return of the wounded to the ranks (1941-1945). //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1985. No. 5. the role of party committees in directing nationwide assistance to wounded soldiers in the rear of the country.

Valuable materials of articles in thematic journals and collections dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Victory of the USSR and subsequent anniversaries replenished the historiography of the topic in the 80s. They dealt with the work of the NHC of the RSFSR, the Red Cross, the organizational aspects of the operation of hospitals, the creation of hospital bases in individual republics and regions, the medical practice of the EG, patronage of wounded soldiers who were treated in them. A significant part of these publications was made on the materials of local archives and reflects the issues of providing assistance to the wounded on the example of individual regions22.

The same years were marked by a number of dissertation research on the organization of nationwide assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers, including the corresponding activities of the Communist Party. The thesis of M.K. Kuzmin, G.A. Chuchelin, A.V. Sveshnikov, V.F. Kudryashov, A.M. Radich, I.Yu.

V.I. Razumova and others. Almost all of them are written on the materials of individual

Soviet healthcare. 198b. No. 5. Thematic collection dedicated to the 40th anniversary

Victories in the Great Patriotic War; Akhmedov A.A., Truman G.L. Sorting evacuation hospitals of the NKZ of the AzUSSR during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1987. No. 2; Grando A.A., Mezhirov J1.C., Krishtopa B.L. Medics in the Great

Patriotic war. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 9; Artyukhov S.A.

Health care of Tyumen during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1987. No. 1; Venediktov D.D. Soviet Red Cross and health care.

Soviet healthcare. 1987. No. 11; Efimova V.V. Kanasov V.B. Boss assistance to military sanitary institutions Vologda region during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1988. No. 10; Zelenin S.F. Activities of medical scientists in Western Siberia during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1988. No. 11; Petrenko E.P., Tomilov V.A. Organization of treatment of the wounded and sick in the evacuation hospitals of the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR in the Kuibyshev region during the Great

Patriotic war. //Soviet health care. 1990. No. 8; Vinokurov V.G. Medical work in the evacuation hospitals of the Ulyanovsk region during the Great Patriotic War.//Soviet health care. 1991. No. 7; Ibragimov M.G. Public and patronage assistance of the EG of the Bashkir ASSR during the war years. //Soviet health care. 1988. No. 3; etc. b Kuzmin M.K. The heroism of medical workers and the achievements of Soviet medicine during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Dis. doc. ist. Sciences. M., 1968; Chuchelin

G.A. The activities of the Communist Party to protect the health of the Soviet people in the years

Great Patriotic War. /1941-1945/Kazan, 1974; Sveshnikov A.V.

Healthcare of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Dis. cand. regions. The exception was the dissertations of S.G. Mushkin and V.I. Razumov, in which this problem was studied in the all-Union plan24. In these works, issues of managing the process of creating a hospital network, training medical personnel, organizing a patronage movement, and developing party explanatory work in the EG were covered. At the same time, it should be noted that the dissertation of S.G. Mushkin is built mainly on the materials of the party organizations of the republics of Transcaucasia. Because of this, the work of hospital bases in other regions of the country is only partially disclosed, without a corresponding in-depth analysis and conclusions. The features and specifics of the organization of assistance to the wounded in various regions of the country have not been fully studied: in the deep rear, in the front line, in the liberated areas. Quite thoroughly, various forms of patronage movement to help the wounded are disclosed in the dissertation of E.V. Prikhodko23. In particular, the author analyzed in detail the work of the urban and rural population in equipping the EG with household equipment, supplying them with food and donated blood. One of the paragraphs discusses the process of creating a hospital base on the North East. Sciences. L., 1964. Kudryashov V.F. The Communist Party is the organizer of nationwide assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers during the Great Patriotic War (on the materials of the Leningrad Party Organization). Diss. cand. ist. Sciences. L., 1975; Khudyakova R.A. The Communist Party is the organizer of the nationwide struggle for the health of the soldiers of the Soviet Army in the rear during the Great Patriotic War (on the materials of Tatarstan). Dis. cand. ist. Sciences. Kazan, 1978; Radich A.M. Management of the party organizations of the Urals in restoring the health of the wounded and sick soldiers of the Soviet Army during the Great Patriotic War. Diss. cand. ist. Sciences. Sverdlovsk, 1981; Rubtsova I.Yu. The Communist Party is the organizer of nationwide assistance to home front hospitals during the Great Patriotic War / based on materials from the Kuibyshev, Penza "and Ulyanovsk regions. Dis. Candidate of Historical Sciences. Kuibyshev, 1985; Kochetkova Z.M. The activities of the Communist Party in organizing popular assistance to the wounded in years of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) / Based on the materials of the Moscow and Gorky regions).

24 Mushkin S.G. The Communist Party is the organizer of nationwide assistance to the wounded and sick Soviet soldiers in the years. Great Patriotic War. Dis. cand. ist. Sciences. Tbilisi, 1974; Razumov V.I. The struggle of the Communist Party for the return of the wounded and sick soldiers to the combat formation of the Soviet Armed Forces (1941-1945). Diss. cand. ist. Sciences. M., 1978.

Caucasus in the first months of the war. In addition, the dissertation was written in a general historical, and not a historical-party plan.

But the works of S.I. Linets and Yu.A. Zinko26 presented the greatest interest. S.I. Linets in his dissertation analyzes both achievements and shortcomings in the organization of the hospital base, summarizes the experience of managing the provision of EG with medical personnel, and determines the main forms of mass training of medical personnel. Noteworthy is the author's conclusion that the difficulties in solving the personnel problem were largely caused by an incorrect assessment in the pre-war period of the need for front and rear hospitals in medical workers. Documented, with the involvement of rich factual material, the author confirmed the conclusion that patronage of the local population has become an important factor in strengthening the material and technical base of hospitals. Analyzing the most important activities of party organizations to improve the quality of treatment of the wounded in the EG, the researcher confirmed the correctness of the decision of the central and local party organizations to transfer the functions of managing the rear hospital network to civilian health authorities. At the same time, the author rightly noted that it was not possible to completely overcome the duality in the management of the rear EG, which had a negative impact on the effectiveness of their activities. In the thesis of Zinko Yu.A. for the first time, in a generalized form, an attempt was made to highlight the activities of the party underground of Ukraine in rescuing the wounded in the territories occupied by the enemy.

25 Prikhodko E.V. National care for the wounded Soviet soldiers and families of the defenders of the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War (on the materials of the North Caucasus). Dis. cand. ist. Sciences. Krasnodar, 1981.

Linets S.I. The Communist Party is the organizer of nationwide assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. (Based on the materials of the party organizations of the Rostov region, Krasnodar and Stavropol territories). Rostov-on-Don, 1988; Zinko Yu.A. The Communist Party is the organizer of the party movement of the working people of Ukraine for helping the wounded soldiers of the Red Army. Kyiv, 1990.

A brief analysis of dissertation research confirms the high interest of researchers in various aspects of the topic of interest to us. Some of them reflected the organizational and theoretical principles of civil and military healthcare, others outlined the experience of Soviet medicine during the war, others clarified the role of the main military specialists and revealed the features of military medicine, and the fourth reflected new pages of national heroism. They are made at a high analytical level, with a large amount of factual material, capaciously revealing the restructuring of the work of health authorities in connection with the outbreak of war, the training and placement of medical personnel, the experience of organizing nationwide assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers and invalids of the Patriotic War, and the implementation of cultural and educational work among them. However, all the mentioned and other similar studies were written on the materials of many, more often individual regions. Therefore, the experience of relevant work in the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions did not find a targeted reflection in them. And this activity was multifaceted and quite productive. Therefore, in local historiography, the issues of interest to us were only partially reflected in general monographs devoted to various aspects of the history of the Upper Volga region during the war years27. Essays on the history of party organizations give generalizing assessments of their activities in mobilizing home front workers to provide comprehensive assistance to the wounded, highlight the contribution of patronage organizations to improving the food supply of military medical institutions, evaluate the role of donor

28 movements. Significant contribution to the study of various issues of the military

Heroes of fiery years. Essays on the heroes of the Soviet Union - Yaroslavl. Ed. 2nd. Yaroslavl, 1974; Leningraders on the banks of the Volga. Yaroslavl, 1972; Malinina P.A. Volga winds. 2nd ed. add. M., 1978; Sidorov I.I. Workers of the Yaroslavl region during the Great Patriotic War. Yaroslavl, 1958.

28 Party organizations of the Ivanovo and Yaroslavl regions during the Great Patriotic War. Ivanovo, 1968; Essays on the history of the Kostroma organization of the CPSU. Yaroslavl, 1967; Essays on the history of the Yaroslavl organization of the CPSU. Yaroslavl, 1967; Essays on the history of the Yaroslavl organization of the CPSU. 1938-1965 / scientific ed. V.T.Aniskov. Yaroslavl. 1990. Next: Essays on the history of the Yaroslavl organization of the CPSU. health care was introduced by the researchers of the Upper Volga region. From 1968 to 1974, Ivanovo State Pedagogical Institute named after D.A. Furmanov (since 1974 - Ivanovo State University) published 8 thematic collections of articles "Party organizations of the Upper Volga during the Great Patriotic War"29. No less interesting factual material is contained in monographs on the history of

Yaroslavl region. But the works of V.I. Belyaev and M.A. Derzhavets are even more thematically oriented, although the plots of interest to us are presented in them fragmentarily and fragmentarily.31 All these publications undoubtedly deserve a positive assessment. However, due to their specificity, the problem of interest to us was considered here only in passing. As for the activities of evacuation hospitals, its coverage was mainly limited to the deployment of hospitals in the first days of the war and the assistance of the population to wounded soldiers. The problem of the formation and functioning of a wide network of hospitals throughout the war years remains poorly understood.

The publications of the milestone 8 (GH-9SH) did not make radical changes either. Moreover, interest in the problems of the Great Patriotic War even weakened somewhat. This was due to a change in the country's political course. Under the conditions of "perestroika", the activities of the Communist Party then the entire Soviet state. This was not long in affecting scientific research, especially publishing. Not only monographs, but also articles on the organization of assistance to the wounded practically ceased to be published. It is noteworthy that during that period, spanning more than 10 years, not a single dissertation on this topic, despite the need

Party organizations of the Upper Volga during the Great Patriotic War. Digest of articles. 8 Issue. Ivanovo, 1968-1974.

Konoshev K.V. Tutaev; Historical essay. Yaroslavl, 1989; Yaroslavl region for 60 years. Yaroslavl, 1977.

And Belyaev V.I. Public health of Yaroslavl in the past and present. Yaroslavl, 1967; Derzhavets M.A. Health care of the Yaroslavl region for 30 years. Yaroslavl, 1947. Further: a comprehensive, objective, comprehensive study based on all the data available to scientists.

A certain shift has been outlined since the mid-1990s, when the study of the problems of the history of the Great Patriotic War again began to gain increased attention. In 1995 and 2000, in connection with anniversaries, a number of regional, Russian and international conferences on war problems were held in many scientific and educational centers. The materials of their numerous reports and communications were published in the form of expanded numerous collections and aroused considerable interest32. The same period was marked by new publications on the problems of the country's readiness for war, the human and material losses of the USSR and Germany33, the collective farm peasantry during the war34.

Derzhavets M.A. Decree. op.

32 Topical issues of the history of the Great Patriotic War. Materials 15

All-Russian Correspondence Scientific Conference. /Scientific ed. Poltorak S.N. St. Petersburg, 1999; The Great Patriotic War in the assessment of the young: Sat. articles of students, graduate students, young scientists. M., 1997; The Great Patriotic War: Victory Factors, Historical Lessons. Abstracts of reports and reports at the interuniversity scientific seminar April 27, 2000. Ufa, 2000; Great feat. To the 55th anniversary of the Victory. Abstracts of the Vseros. scientific-practical conference April 26-27, 2000 / Ed. V.D. Polkanova et al. Omsk, 2000; Military feat of the defenders of the Fatherland: Traditions, continuity, innovations. Materials of the interregional scientific-practical conference. In 4 parts. Ch.Z. Vologda, 2000; 50 years of the Great Victory: History, people, problems. Materials of the regional scientific and historical conference (April 20-21, 1995) St. Petersburg, 1995; 50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: Pages of history and modernity. Materials of the scientific-theoretical conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. /Scientific ed. G.A. Kumanev. M., 1996.

The Great Patriotic War in documents and testimonies of contemporaries. /Under. ed. V.P. Pakhomov, 2nd ed. add. Samara, 2000; The Great Patriotic War; truth and fiction. Sat. articles. / Ed. N.D. Kolesova, St. Petersburg, 2000; The Great Patriotic War. In 2 vols. M., 1993; Petrov V.V. The role of patriotism in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. //Regional policy, economics, sociology. 1999. No. 3; Pokhilyuk A.V. War, power, people: (Activities of state and military bodies to protect and ensure the livelihoods of the population of the front-line and liberated regions of the North-West of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. St. Petersburg, 1998; Logistics of the Armed Forces in documents: the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. M., 2000; Lessons of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: historical and philosophical problems. Collection of scientific materials. Krasnoyarsk, 2000; Gurkin V.V. Human losses of the Soviet Armed Forces in 1941-1945. New aspects. // VIZH. 1999. No. 2; Isupov V. A. The human losses of the USSR in 1941-1945: the historiography of the issue.//Humanities in Siberia. Series: Domestic history. Novosibirsk, 1995. No. 1; Rybakovsky L. L. The human losses of Russia in the war 1941 topic medical support of the Red Army was touched upon in a number of regional works on assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers.15 They contain rich material gleaned from local archives, the analysis of which reflects both the general directions of assistance to the wounded in hospitals with country and its features.

It is also necessary to note the articles and memoirs of doctors about the Great Patriotic War, published in collections dedicated to the 50th and 55th anniversary of the Victory^6. They tell about the contribution of teachers of higher medical educational institutions (VMA, IGMA and YAGMA) to the organization of assistance to health authorities and medical institutions. It also presents materials on the activities of individual hospitals, analyzes the state of medicine in the region and the country as a whole, and highlights the activities of medical workers during wartime37. Look specific

1945 M., 2000; Sokolov B. Human losses in Russia and the USSR in wars and armed conflicts of the XX century. // Facets. 1997. No. 183. j4 Aniskov V.G. War and the fate of the Russian peasantry. Vologda; Yaroslavl, 1998.

35 Alekseev I.A. Doctors of Chuvashia during the war. Cheboksary. 1994; Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov

M.Sh. Heads of the medical service of the fronts and fleets in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. M., 1992; Ananyeva E.S. Medical institutions of Dagestan during the Great Patriotic War. //Years of severe trials and national feat. Makhachkala, 1995; Astapova L.I. Medical evacuation of wounded and sick soldiers of the Voronezh Front (July 1942 - October 1943). //Actual problems of social sciences and humanities. Voronezh, 1996. issue 6; Astapova L.I. Courage and heroism of military doctors during the Great Patriotic War. // There. Issue 7. 1996; Biryukova S.B. The work of the Eg of Mordovia in 1941-1945// Bulletin of the Mordovian University. Saransk, 1995. No. 4; Gladkikh P.F. Medical service of the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 / History of construction. St. Petersburg, 1995; Lobastov O.S. The experience of medical support for troops in the Great Patriotic War: its assessment and significance 55 years after the Great Victory//VMZH. 2000. T.321. No. 3; Ponomarenko V.M. The role of hospital bases in the frontline districts in the medical and evacuation support of troops in defensive battles in the first months of the Great Patriotic War.//Bulletin of the history of military medicine. SPb. 1998. Issue 2; Sviridova L.E. The work of the rear egs in Northern Kazakhstan is an example of successful international cooperation. //Problems of social hygiene and the history of medicine. 1995. No. 5; Semenova I.Yu. Health care of the Upper Volga region during the Great Patriotic War. //Problems of social hygiene and the history of medicine. M., 1994. No. 5; Sudorshn N.S. Hospital care during the war years in the Lower Volga region. //Problems of political science and political history. Saratov, 1993. Issue 2; etc. ^ 50 years of the Great Victory. Materials of the scientific-historical conference of YAGMA April 26, 1995. Yaroslavl, 1995.

37 Bedrin L.M. Military medicine during the Great Patriotic War.//50 years of the Great Victory; Aleksandrov S.E. They fought for life and health. Employees of the department of publications devoted to the treatment in hospitals of German prisoners of war38. They reveal the genuine humanism of Soviet doctors and nurses, who, according to the Hippocratic Oath, provided urgent and constant assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht.

One-sidedness increasingly gave way to apparent polarization in methodological approaches. The organization of a number of public scientific structures, which consolidated the corresponding efforts of scientists, was of great importance in the activation of objective research. In this regard, obstetrics and gynecology during the Great Patriotic War.//Ibid. Petrenko T.F. Neidorf Avrelia Yanovna - a participant in the Civil and Great Patriotic War.//Ibid. Trokhanov Yu.P. Yaroslavl medicine in the Great Patriotic War.//Ibid. Eregina N.T. Medical institutions of the Yaroslavl region during the Great Patriotic War.//Ibid. Gadyuchkin V.V. Yaroslavl garrison military hospital is 125 years old.//Ibid.

Baranova N.V. Soviet medicine and German prisoners of war (1944-1949).//Bulletin of the Upper Volga Branch of the Academy of Military Historical Sciences: Materials of a scientific conference dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the Great Victory. Yaroslavl, 2000; Erin M.E. A captured enemy is no longer an enemy. // Golden ring. 1994. April 12. one should, for example, mention the formation of the All-Russian Military Historical Academy with its center in St. Petersburg and its branches in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, including the Upper Volga region, which have already declared themselves by many scientific conferences, good-quality patriotic publications on the history of the Great Patriotic War war. But this, presumably, is only an active beginning, which can lead to even more significant achievements, including in the range of issues considered by the author of this work.

An analysis of the available literature indicates that individual plots of the topic of interest to us have been studied quite actively. However, so far there is no comprehensive study on the activities of hospitals in the rear of the country. Most of the works of the 60-80s were made in the historical and party aspect and are devoted to the activities of the Communist Party in restructuring health care on a military basis, creating a hospital base, organizing patronage and providing material assistance to hospitals, and organizing party political work. Moreover, in the separate chapters of monographs, articles and dissertations we have listed, the main attention is usually paid to the analysis of the party's activities in organizing the work of hospitals, and much less to the daily activities of the EGs themselves. There are no special studies on mass cultural work in hospitals. This fully applies to the scientific analysis of the experience of hospitals in the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions. Until now, there is no special generalizing work on the topic under consideration. This gap is obvious, since in the region under study during the Great Patriotic War there was one of the largest rear hospital bases in the country, which was distinguished by high final rates in the treatment of the wounded. Despite the importance and relevance of this topic, it has not yet been the subject of a special study. Thus, in our opinion, the creation scientific history The Great Patriotic War is unthinkable without coverage of the work of medical institutions, showing the labor and combat feat of medical workers. Given the above circumstances, the chosen topic is of considerable scientific interest.

The purpose of this study is a comprehensive study of the multifaceted activities of hospitals in the rear of the country, and its significance in the medical support of the Red Army. It seems necessary to consider the measures taken by the party-state bodies and the public, which have enabled the hospitals to carry out efficient work. Based on scientific and historical methods and approaches, an attempt was made to use almost all available sources, to comprehend scientific, journalistic literature and periodicals about all aspects of their work. This predetermined the following tasks:

To trace the progress of the restructuring of the military sanitary service of the Red Army and local health authorities in relation to the requirements of the war.

To reveal the real role of party and state bodies in restructuring health care, creating a hospital base for the rear of the country, in resolving the most important problems caused by the war, providing hospitals with material and personnel resources.

Highlight the main stages in the creation of a rear hospital base.

Consider the existing system of treating the wounded and returning them to combat formation.

To characterize the main directions of medical-evacuation and scientific-practical work of hospitals

To show that the involvement of the broad masses of the entire population and public organizations in providing assistance to hospitals has become a non-alternative for the successful treatment of wounded soldiers, a powerful factor in achieving victory in the war.

Analyze various forms of patronage.

On the example of the region under consideration, to identify the features of work on the restructuring of healthcare, solving the problems of evacuating hospitals.

Show the general and special in the organization of nationwide assistance to the wounded.

To reveal the specifics of the hospital network of the region under study

To reveal the practical value of the experience accumulated by hospitals.

The chronological framework of the study covers the entire period of the Great Patriotic War (June 1941 - May 1945). It was at this fateful time that a radical improvement in the structure of the military medical service of the Red Army took place, the most valuable scientific achievements of military medicine itself were realized, and new principles and methods of treating the wounded were developed, designed for their maximum return to duty.

The territorial framework of the dissertation work includes the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions. It is important to note that the second of them was formed on August 14, 1944. from the districts of the same Yaroslavl, as well as

Gorky and Vologda regions. The choice of the region is explained by the very important and even indicative role that the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions played in the treatment of wounded soldiers, largely due to their strategic location. The compact presence of a large number of large industrial and social centers, such as Yaroslavl, Rybinsk, Kostroma, and developed agricultural production, created good opportunities for locating a huge network of hospitals here and providing them with the necessary assistance. The excellent geographical position of the region in direct territorial proximity to Moscow, Leningrad, the entire Volga region and the northern theater of military operations, connected by all modes of transport with access to the Cis-Urals - all this led to the creation in the Upper Volga region of a very wide hospital periphery, its rapid and complete occupancy, maximum mobility both in the formation and in the mobility of the contingent of the wounded. And as a result, it allowed to have high rates in medical and rehabilitation work. The foregoing, especially in the absence of j9 Collection of laws of the USSR and decrees of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. 1938-1975 In 4 years. M., 1975. T.1 S.91-92. relevant generalizing studies on the materials of the Upper Volga region, served as an important argument in favor of choosing the proposed topic.

The methodological basis of the dissertation was formed by the principles of historicism and objectivity, which acquired a "second wind", which seemed to be of enduring importance, implying an unbiased selection and analysis of facts, analyzed specific historical situations. For a long time, almost the only methodological basis for the study of the entire range of historical works of domestic scientists, including the problems of the war years, were the works of K. Marx, F. Engels and V. I. Lenin. Their conclusions about just and aggressive wars, about the defense of the socialist Fatherland, about the inseparable unity of the army and the people, about people's patriotism, were not questioned and corrected, and therefore often dogmatized. Nevertheless, to this day, the work of V.I. Lenin has not lost its significance, which had as its goal the involvement of all segments of the population in the organization of medical and welfare support for wounded Red Army soldiers. He emphasized that it was impossible to make a country capable of defense without the greatest heroism of the masses, that the one who had more reserves and sources of strength among the people would win the war. Lenin considered the reliable work of the rear one of the determining conditions for the successful conduct of the war against the invaders. "For a real war," he noted, "a strong organized rear is needed"41. Substantiating the exceptional role of the strong unity of the front and rear, he noted that the assistance that is provided in the rear to the wounded Red Army immediately turns into strengthening the entire Red Army. Therefore, V.I. Lenin emphasized the enduring importance for the successful completion of the war of nationwide assistance to the wounded and sick Red Army soldiers. In the article-call "To help a wounded Red Army soldier!" He noted that "all the difficulties and torments are nothing compared to what befell the wounded Red Army soldier who shed blood to protect the workers and

40 Lenin V.I. The results of the party week in Moscow and our tasks.//PSS. T.39. P.237.

41 Lenin V.I. On business grounds.//PSS. T.35. P.408. peasant power. Let everyone in the rear remember their duty to help

42 to the wounded Red Army soldiers with everything possible." It is difficult to disagree with such initial assumptions and judgments: they are an axiom, which, of course, the author also considered. But he did not close all approaches to the analysis of the topic under study, but at the same time tried to rely on the entire set he has mastered, again in moderation, of complex methodological principles and research and methodological techniques.The author's approach to the analysis of available documents and literature is also characterized by complexity. This made it possible, as noted above, to better identify both the general patterns in the activities of hospitals, and their features inherent in this region.In this regard, for the processing of numerous quantitative data, it was necessary to involve the method of mathematical and statistical analysis.

In preparing the dissertation research, an extensive complex of unpublished and published sources was used. Most of the specific archival materials are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The main group of sources that served as the basis for analyzing the activities of hospitals were archival documents. In total, we studied the documents of 6 central and local archives. Among the unpublished documents, first of all, archival materials from the collections of the State Archives of the Russian Federation (GARF), the State Archives of the Kostroma Region (GAKO), the State Archives of the Yaroslavl Region (SAYAO), the Archive of Military Medical Documents of the Military Medical Museum of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation (ABMM MORF), State Archive of the Recent History of Kostroma

42 Lenin V.I. To help the wounded Red Army soldiers. //PSS. T.41. P.156. region (GANI KO), the Center for Documentation of Recent History of the Yaroslavl Region (ODNI YAO)43.

A unique collection of documents is kept by the AVMM of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The fund of the Main Military Sanitary Directorate of the Red Army (GVSU KA) contains orders and directive resolutions on the creation and functioning of the country's hospitals. Of no less interest are those funds that contain documents on the history of individual evacuation points (EP) and evacuation hospitals. A variety of information on the management of hospitals is contained in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). In the fund of the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR, for example, numerous resolutions and orders of this people's commissariat, minutes of meetings of the Academic Medical Council (UMC) are stored. Numerous materials on the development of new methods of treatment are also presented here. Documents characterizing the activities of the Department of Evacuation Hospitals have been deposited in the fund of the People's Commissariat for Health of the RSFSR. These are all sorts of orders, reports of hospitals, minutes of meetings of the heads of hospitals.

In turn, the materials of the central archives significantly complement the documents of the regional State archives. In the fund of the executive committee of the Yaroslavl Regional Council of Deputies, the resolutions and orders of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the RSFSR on the activities of the EG are of particular interest. Of great interest is the fund of the Yaroslavl Regional Department of Health. It contains a large systematized material on the deployment, formation of hospitals, instructive material on the organization of work in evacuation hospitals, on the timing of the treatment of the wounded, on the use of new methods of treating certain types of injuries and diseases. Of no less interest is the Foundation of the Society

43 GARF. F.R-8009, R-5465, A-482; GAKO. F.R-7; GAYAO. F.R-2380, R-2228, R-385, R-2249, R-2193, R-1269, R-2540, R-2434, R-2351, R-839; AVMMMO RF. F.1; 1846; 1222, 1644, 2179, 7090; GANI CO. F.R-2, 765; ONE NAO. F.272, 273, 263, 1749, 1621, 6032, 5997, 5650, 5973, 1904, 1611, 1728, 1727, 2316, 2317, 5998.

Red Cross and Red Crescent. Here are documents reflecting the activities of the hospital assistance organization. It was these data that allowed the author to more fully illuminate the numerous problems of hospital activity.

A special niche is occupied by the documents of the Documentation Centers of Contemporary History. Their funds contain numerous materials characterizing patronage assistance to hospitals, cultural and political explanatory work carried out in them. In writing the dissertation, the author widely used the decisions of the bureau of regional committees, city committees and district committees of the CPSU (b) on the organization of public assistance to hospitals, as well as the minutes of meetings of the regional committees for helping the wounded, reports, memos of hospitals. Separate annual reports of the EG for all the years of the war are stored in the materials of the military departments of the regional committees of the CPSU (b). Along with a large amount of factual material, summarizing references and tables, these sources provide rich information about in-hospital life. And finally, unique information is in the funds of the primary party organizations of evacuation hospitals. First of all, they provide an opportunity to trace the real picture of the life of each individual hospital. In total, documents from 590 cases from 41 funds were used in the preparation of the dissertation research, which made it possible to get a fairly complete picture of the main areas of activity of hospitals.

But the fundamental documents for the study were, of course, the resolutions of the Soviet government, the State Defense Committee and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks: "To the Party and Soviet organizations of the front-line regions" - the directive of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated June 29, 194144, "On the improvement of medical service of wounded soldiers and commanders of the Red Army" - GKO resolution of 09/22/1941 No. , "On the organization of the All-Union Committee for the Service of the Wounded and Sick Soldiers of the Red Army" - resolution

44 of the CPSU in resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences and plenums of the Central Committee. 9th edition, supplemented and corrected. M., 1985. T.7. pp.222-223.

Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated 08.10.194146, "On party-political work in the hospitals of the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR - resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of 12.01.194247, "On cultural and educational work in hospitals" - resolution of the Central Committee All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated February 17, 1945. It was they who were the guiding and directive decisions in the entire process of formation and operation of hospitals.

A separate group of sources is made up of numerous instructions, manuals on the organization of work and practical medical activities in evacuation hospitals. They contain recommendations on the methods of surgical treatment of the wounded, the organization of sanitary work in evacuation hospitals, recommendations on the timing of the treatment of wounded and sick soldiers, and their rehabilitation50. An equally valuable source is the materials of the plenums of the Hospital Council of the NHC of the USSR and the RSFSR, the Academic Medical Council, the works of individual evacuation hospitals, which contain pristine

45 Soviet health care. 1975. No. 5. S.Z.

46 The Communist Party in the Great Patriotic War (June 1941-1945): Documents and materials. M., 1970. P.58.

47 CPSU on the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union: Documents 1917-1968. M., 1969. S.Z 13.

48 Questions of the History of the CPSU. 1984. No. 11. pp.14-15.

49 of the CPSU in resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences and plenums of the Central Committee. 8th edition, enlarged. M., 197-1. T.6. 1941-1954

50 Zavalishin N.I. Head field evacuation point. / Ed. E.I. Smirnova. M., 1942; Instructions on methods of surgical treatment in rear hospitals. / Ed. E.I. Smirnova and N.N. Burdenko. M., L., 1941; Treatment of lightly wounded: Materials of the meeting of the surgical section of the Academic Medical Council under the head of the KVSU KA on May 2-5, 1943. / Ed. V.V. Gorinevskaya. M., 1946; Treatment of war wounds: Practical guide for doctors and students. Ed. 6th. / Under the editorship of N.N. Petrov and P.A. Kupriyanov. L., 1942. Guidelines for the organization of work in evacuation hospitals. M., L., 1941; Collection of instructive materials on the work of evacuation hospitals. 10 Issue. Kazan, 1942-1943; Collection of provisions on the institutions of the sanitary service of wartime. M., 1941; Collection of orders and instructions of the NKZ of the USSR. M., L., 1941-1945; Tretyakov A.F. Terms of treatment of the wounded in evacuation hospitals. M., 1944; Guidelines for military field surgery. 3rd edition. M., 1944. Factual material about hospitals, medical personnel, the specifics of work in medical institutions5.

A number of thematic documentary collections and, above all, the collection of documents and materials "Healthcare during the war years"52 also became an important help. It includes the relevant important decrees and directives of the Soviet government and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bolsheviks on health and military medicine, extracts from archival documents, excerpts from magazine and newspaper articles on the work of hospitals, the Red Cross Society, the heroic service of medical workers, donation and selflessness civil health care.

Local history documentary collections devoted to the period of the Great Patriotic War are similar in nature of the displayed. They respectively contain numerous documents of regional, district and primary party organizations^3. All of them give vivid information about the assistance of the population to wounded soldiers. Particularly noteworthy are the multi-volume editions of the "Book of Memory" published everywhere on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Victory. In addition to the lists of dead soldiers, they provide complete information about the location of hospitals operating on the territory of a particular

51 Proceedings of the XXV All-Union Congress of Surgeons, October 1-8, 1946. M., 1948; Proceedings of the 1st Plenum of the Hospital Council of the NHC of the USSR and the RSFSR. M., 1942; Proceedings of the 5th Plenum of the Scientific Medical Council under the head of the GVSU KA. M., 1942; Proceedings of the 4th Plenum of the Hospital Council of the NHC of the USSR and the RSFSR, December 27-30, 1943. Gorky, 1944; Proceedings of the Academic Medical Council under the head of the Medical and Sanitary Directorate of the USSR Navy. M., L., 1946. T. 14. Issue. 15; Works of evacuation hospitals REP-27. Lvov. Sat.1. 1944; Sat.2. 1945; Sat.Z. 1946; Works of evacuation hospitals of the REP-50 system. L., 1943. e2 Health care during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Sat. documents and materials. /Under. ed. M.I.Barsukov and D.D.Kuvshinsky. M., 1977. Next: Health care during the Great Patriotic War.

Rybinsk: documents and materials on the history of the city. 2nd edition. Yaroslavl. 1980; Relay race of generations: Collection of documents named after materials. Yaroslavl. 1980; Yaroslavl organization of the Komsomol in documents and materials (1918-1987). Yaroslavl, 1988. Next: Yaroslavl organization of the Komsomol; Yaroslavl region in documents and materials (1917-1978). Yaroslavl. 1980. Next: Yaroslavl Territory.; Yaroslavl during the Great Patriotic War. Sat. documents. Yaroslavl, 1960. Further: Yaroslavl during the Great Patriotic War; Yaroslavl region for 50 years: 1936-1986. / Essays, documents and materials. Redcall. G.I. Kalinin; scientific ed. and resp. comp. V.T.Aniskov. Yaroslavl, 1986. Further: Yaroslavl region for 50 years; In the formidable 41st. Sat. doc. and mother. June 22-December 31. 1941 (To the 60th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945). Kostroma, 2001. regions54. In this regard, it is necessary to mention regional statistical publications of a general nature, which very representatively reflect the state of health care during the war years53.

A special group of sources is the periodical press of the war years - central and local. The materials published on its pages represent a large factual material about the organization of the patriotic movement to provide assistance to wounded soldiers. First of all, these are the materials of the Pravda newspaper, on the pages of which in those years more than 110 articles and messages were published that were directly related to the issues of providing assistance to wounded soldiers and improving the work of hospital institutions36. In the periodicals of the studied region (including the factory press), the improvement of hospital and patronage work, as well as the promotion of donation and health care knowledge, were also given permanent attention37.

The author also widely used the memoirs of the medical workers themselves, which very subjectively reflect the specific aspects of the medical support of the Red Army, including the work of field and evacuation hospitals. Of particular interest are

54 Eternal memory: a brief history and lists of buried servicemen of the period of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. in Yaroslavl. Yaroslavl, 1995; Memory book. /Redcol. Khryashchev V.N., Olovyanov Yu.V. Yaroslavl, 1997; Book of memory of the Russian Federation. Kostroma region. In 7 vols. /Comp. E.L. Lebedev, V.L. Milovidov, V.A. Tupichenkov. Yaroslavl, 1997. V.2.

City of Yaroslavl in numbers. Statistical materials. Yaroslavl, 1985; Demographic processes in the Yaroslavl region for 60 years (1936-1995). Analytical and statistical collection. Yaroslavl, 1996; Kostroma regional organization of the CPSU in numbers. 1917-1979 Yaroslavl, 1981;. The national economy of the RSFSR for 60 years. Statistical Yearbook. M., 1977; The national economy of the Yaroslavl region. Statistical collection. Yaroslavl, 1976.

56 Stepunin S.I., Razumov V.I. Issues of organizing assistance to the wounded soldiers of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War on the pages of the Pravda newspaper.//Soviet health care. 1984. No. 6. P.67.

57 "Pravda" (1941-1945) - Organ of the Central Committee and MK of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "; "Everything for the Front" (1944-1945) - press organ of the Machine-Building Plant; "Avtomobilist" (January-December 1941), then "For the Victory" (1942 - May 24, 1945) - press organ of the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant. e8 Vishnevsky A. A. Diary of a surgeon. M. 1967; Miterev G. A. In the days of peace and war. M., 1975. Further: Miterev G. A. Decree op., Smirnov E. I. Front-line mercy. M., 1991; Almanac of memoirs of veterans of the Military Medical Academy: on the 55th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Collection No. 17. St. Petersburg, 2000. Doctors in front-line overcoats Memoirs of graduates memories and unpublished scientific works of the head of EG 1401, major of the medical service Yevsey Kupriyanovich Aleksandrov, which are stored in the personal archive of his son, Sergey Evseevich Aleksandrov, professor of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the Yaroslavl State Medical Academy.These records, made without regard to censorship, allow for a more complete and accurate presentation everyday life hospital throughout the war years. Significant assistance in the preparation of the study was also provided by personal conversations with now living former medical workers of hospitals and war veterans. Of considerable interest are the memoirs of Soviet military commanders59. They contain the highest assessments of the unique contribution of doctors to the care of wounded soldiers, without which victory would have been impossible. A separate group of sources is made up of visual sources: photographs showing the material and household equipment of hospitals, as well as medical, cultural and educational activities in the EG.

Comprehensive integrated use of all the documents at our disposal made it possible to solve the tasks set in the study. For the first time in the Upper Volga local history, based on the analysis and comparison of a wide range of sources, a comprehensive study of the activities of hospitals in the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions was undertaken. This paper gives a holistic view of issues that have not yet found proper coverage in the published historical literature (medical and evacuation activities of the EG, donor movement, assistance from the OCC, etc.). The author sought to identify not only positive experience, but also those difficulties, and even mistakes and failures that had a negative impact on the practical work of the EG. The main results of the dissertation research submitted by the author for defense are reduced to justification:

IGMI about the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Ivanovo, 1995; Smolnikov A.V. Doctor at war. JL, 1972.

59 Konev I.S. Notes of the front commander 1943-1945. M., 1982; Rokossovsky K.K. Soldier duty. M., 1968; Zhukov G.K. Memories and reflections. M., 1974.

The tragic consequences of miscalculations and mistakes of the country's leadership in assessing the future war, which had a negative impact on the preparation for military-sanitary defense;

The significance of the training of military reserves by the military medical service for the sanitary support of the army in the field;

The role of state and party bodies of the country, as well as the entire population in resolving difficulties in the work of hospitals;

The significance of the patriotic movement of workers to help the wounded soldiers of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War;

The thesis that the patronage of labor collectives over hospitals was an effective factor in increasing public concern for the wounded.

In addition, the author singled out 3 stages in the formation of the hospital base in different periods of the war, specified the number of hospitals and the capacity of the bed network in the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions, and showed its specificity. At the same time, the dissertation concluded that the insufficient capacity and readiness of the rear hospital network for the mass reception and treatment of the wounded was due to an incorrect assessment by the Soviet leadership of the scale and nature of the future war. Difficulties were also noted in the formation and operation of a wide network of EGs, the existing bias in the tasks of the central party and state bodies in terms of the number of EGs and the timing of their commissioning in relation to local capabilities and resources.

The novelty of the dissertation research also lies in the fact that many archival documents on the activities of both central and local health authorities are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. First of all, our generalizations, conclusions, and independent calculations are based on them.

Conclusion of scientific work thesis on "Hospitals during the Great Patriotic War"

Conclusion

From the very first days of the Great Patriotic War, under extremely difficult conditions, the Soviet state had to quickly transfer the entire national economy to serve the front. At the same time, there was an urgent restructuring of the country's health care for the needs of the war. A huge number of wounded Red Army soldiers needed urgent qualified medical care. During past wars, the treatment of the wounded in the rear was mainly taken care of by public organizations, in particular, the Red Cross. In the Great Patriotic War, the state took over the treatment of the wounded.

And yet, work on the creation of a hospital base was very tense. For the deployment and equipment of an unprecedented number of hospitals that have been required since the beginning of the war, there were not enough allocated premises and buildings for medical institutions. Therefore, in the shortest possible time, the premises of schools, clubs, and pioneer camps had to be converted into hospitals. But the deployment of hospitals was only one side of the problem. Their successful work was directly dependent on the state of the material base. Therefore, difficulties arose here from the first months of the war. The bare necessities were lacking: medicines, dressings, fuel, transport, uniforms. To resolve the situation, it was decided to mobilize party bodies, the Committee for Assistance to the Wounded, local economic and patronage organizations, as well as the entire population of the country to help hospitals. Throughout the war years, one of the priorities was the task of providing evacuation hospitals with medical personnel. The situation in them often depended on the profile of the hospital, its location. In the best position were therapeutic, in the worst - surgical, since the shortage of surgeons throughout the war years was felt most acutely. Hospitals located in major cities

Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Rybinsk did not experience such an acute shortage of personnel in comparison with those that were stationed in separate rural areas. The way out of the difficult situation was the purposeful activity of the department of evacuation hospitals at the Yaroslavl Regional Health Department in organizing and conducting advanced training courses to train surgeons, as well as train nurses. The functioning of hospital bases in the rear of individual territories and regions of the country was different. It was determined geographic location this or that area, as well as the nature of hostilities and proximity to the front. In addition, the number of hospitals, their specialization, as well as the number of wounded and sick received was not the same and depended on the operational-strategic situation developing on the fronts. In the activities of the hospital network and the formation of hospitals in the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions, the following stages can be distinguished:

1. 1941 - September 1942 The territory of the Yaroslavl region was in the front line. During this period, there was an active formation of hospitals and an increase in their bed capacity. This was due to the fact that the wounded came to the region in a continuous stream.

2. October 1942 - 1944 During this period, there was an unreasonable decrease in bed capacity, the disbandment of hospitals, and then their additional formation. Also during this period, there was an active intra-regional and inter-regional relocation of hospitals.

3. 1944 - May 1945 Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions were a deep rear. Therefore, at this stage, there was a gradual decrease in the bed capacity of hospitals and their disbandment.

The number of wounded and sick during the war years was in the millions. The medical service, which returned soldiers to service, became the main supplier of reserves for the army in the field. Therefore, all the scientific achievements of military medicine, the experience of previous wars were the basis for creating an effective treatment system. A unity of views was established on the origin, course and treatment of pathological processes, which made it possible to carry out successive treatment at all stages of evacuation according to uniform scientifically based and acceptable methods. Rear hospitals were supplied with instructions that reflected the basic principles of complex therapy for the wounded and sick. A special role in the organization of surgical care in the rear EGs, in the development of research work to find new methods and means of treating the wounded and sick was played by the Hospital Council of the USSR People's Commissariat of Health and the EMC at the GVSU KA. The medical work of hospitals was under the constant control and attention of the government, central and local health authorities, party organs, the military sanitary departments of the Red Army and the press.

In the treatment of the wounded, not all rear areas were equal, since military operations at the front determined the conditions for the operation of hospital bases. So, until the first half of 1943. The EG of the Yaroslavl region were considered hospitals of the 1st echelon of the front, in the second half of 1943. -2 echelon of the front, and since 1944. the hospitals of the studied region became hospitals for the deep rear. In the medical work of hospitals in the region under study, several periods can be distinguished:

It should be noted that this periodization is also valid for the activities of hospitals located in the regions of the European part of the RSFSR as a whole. In the initial period, hospitals experienced numerous difficulties in material and technical equipment. In addition, there were practically no qualified experienced personnel in the hospitals in the rear of the country. All these difficulties, of course, adversely affected the activities of hospitals. Due to the fact that the region was front-line, in hospitals there was a high percentage of evacuation of the wounded to the rear and, accordingly, a very small number of operations and procedures were carried out.

Thanks to the attention of the central and local party organs, the help of local economic and cultural institutions, as well as the help of public organizations, collective farms and the entire population, the work of hospitals began to improve. By the end of the war, hospitals were provided with medical equipment and highly qualified specialists. A number of instructions have been developed for the treatment of certain types of injuries and diseases. In the treatment of wounded soldiers, new methods began to be applied, as well as scientific developments obtained during the war. The use of a unified methodology for the treatment of the wounded and sick, the use of all the latest scientific discoveries, and complex treatment made it possible to carry out more effective medical work in hospitals. During this period, the number of transactions increased.

On the territory of the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions, not only military garrison, evacuation hospitals were stationed, but also hospitals for the lightly wounded. Field mobile and surgical field mobile hospitals for the active army were actively formed. According to our data, the formation of evacuation hospitals actively took place on the territory of the studied region during the first three war years, reaching a peak in 1943. Then the reverse process began. With the end of the war, the treatment of the wounded did not stop. Hospitals were established for the treatment of disabled veterans of the Patriotic War, as well as a hospital for the treatment of German prisoners of war.

A major role in the successful treatment of the wounded and sick Red Army soldiers was played by the specialization of hospitals carried out in the Yaroslavl region in 1942. This made it possible to provide qualified assistance to the wounded, which had a positive effect on the results of medical work. In total, 178 hospitals were formed and deployed on the territory of the region under study during the war years. The hospitals of the region under study performed numerous functions. The course of hostilities throughout the war years determined the main directions of their medical activities. Based on archival data, it can be concluded that the hospitals of the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions until the end of 1943. were engaged in evacuation work, as the front line passed near the borders of the region. At the same time, anti-epidemic work was actively carried out in them. Subsequently, from 1944. due to the fact that the percentage of evacuation fell sharply, hospitals were able to do medical work. It was at this time that active surgical work prevailed in them. After the end of the war, work in hospitals did not end. They were engaged in restoring the health of the invalids of the Patriotic War, mainly in reconstructive surgery. Only in the evacuation hospitals of the Yaroslavl region were treated up to 380,000 wounded1. In terms of the number of those discharged to the unit, the region occupied the 1st place in the RSFSR, and a smaller J percent of the dead could only be achieved in the Ulyanovsk region.

Research work has become an indispensable part of the activity of hospitals. During the war years, issues of improving the methods of treating diseases and injuries, finding new medicines. Doctors got the opportunity to exchange experience at numerous inter-hospital, front-line conferences. Practical experience in the treatment of various diseases and injuries, accumulated during the Great Patriotic War, was summarized after its end. All the achievements of medicine during the war years were successfully applied in the future.

The practice of the Great Patriotic War showed the effectiveness of the measures taken by the party and state bodies. It was they who supervised all the work to provide assistance to hospitals in the rear. Created in October 1941. The All-Union Committee for Assistance to the Wounded ensured the coordination of the actions of all organs of the party, economic, Soviet authorities and public organizations in such an important matter as the creation and further strengthening of a wide hospital network. Traditionally, the Society provided assistance to the victims

1 TsDNI nuclear weapons. F.272. Op.224. D. 1647. L. 121.

2 Ibid. D. 1320. L.48.

Red Cross. The types of assistance provided by this organization were varied. But the most powerful were the training of nurses and sanitary vigilantes, as well as the organization of donation. Other public organizations did not remain aloof from such a noble cause of assistance. Trade unions have done a lot for hospitals. Komsomol and pioneer organizations actively worked in this direction. The following areas of public assistance to hospitals can be distinguished:

1. Assistance in the evacuation of the wounded.

2. Assistance in equipping and deploying hospitals.

3. Help in caring for the wounded.

4. Household care for the wounded.

5. Organization of cultural work in hospitals.

One of the brightest manifestations of the patriotism of the population was patronage of hospitals. Enterprises, collective farms, party and public organizations, cultural and educational institutions provided multilateral assistance to the wounded. As a rule, factories provided assistance to hospitals in repairs, building materials, collective farms helped with food, and schools, institutes, theaters held concerts and staged performances. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of patronage ties for strengthening the material base of hospitals and improving the health of the wounded. The patronage has become a nationwide movement. As a result, not only all hospitals, but even many individual hospital wards had their own bosses.

The Great Patriotic War was a tragedy for the gene pool of the Soviet people. According to the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, the Second World War claimed the lives of about 26 million citizens of the USSR, including military personnel. The losses of the Red Army and Navy during the entire war with Germany amounted to 11,273 million people. Including: were killed and died during the evacuation stage - 5.177 million, died from wounds in hospitals - 1.100 million.

During the four years of the war, the number of wounded, shell-shocked and burned soldiers and officers reached 15.2 million people, of which 2.6 million people became completely disabled. The average monthly losses of troops and fleets reached 10.5% of the entire strength of the active army - more than 15.5 thousand per day. Only in the Kostroma hospitals during the war years 1373 people died of wounds and diseases4.

The victory in the Great Patriotic War became possible at the cost of incredible efforts. Soviet doctors played an invaluable role in this. Thanks to their selfless work during the Great Patriotic War, it became possible to return to the ranks of the Red Army about 90% of the wounded soldiers and officers. The heroism of medical workers was manifested not only when they risked their lives to take out wounded soldiers from under fire, carried out operations by the light of kerosene lamps in field hospitals, but also in the daily struggle for the life and health of wounded soldiers and officers in hospitals in the rear of the country (including in the Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions). Their heroism was special, everyday, "everyday", not always noticeable, but certainly constant and uninterrupted. Millions of crippled people in hospitals have regained combat capability and hope for a full life. Doctors and nurses selflessly fought for every wounded and sick. Rear hospitals decisively replenished the combat reserves of the Red Army. It is known that already in the second year of the war, the fighting was carried out by troops, a significant part of which were fighters cured in hospitals.

In general, the fiery years of the Great Patriotic War were an unprecedented test for the entire healthcare system. The medical workers of our country, who found themselves in extremely difficult conditions, showed great courage, resilience, selfless courage, invaluable labor heroism and showed spiritual strength to the whole world. Their contribution to the Victory will forever remain one of the brightest pages in the history of the Russian state. about

Aniskov V.T. About historical memory and the price of Victory. // Bulletin of the Upper Volga Branch of the Academy of Military Historical Sciences. Yaroslavl, 2000. P.5.

List of scientific literature Shelia, Zhanna Alexandrovna, dissertation on the topic "National History"

1. F.R. 8009 - People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR.

2. Book of memory. RF. Kostroma region. T.I. P.31.

3.On. 1.d.479,480, 490, 505.

4.On.2. 431, 479, 483, 628, 631, 743.

5. State Archive of the Yaroslavl Region

6. F.R 385 - Health Department of the Executive Committee of the Yaroslavl City Council of Workers' Deputies.1. Op.1. D.8.

7. Op.2. D.39, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 69, 74, 79, 81, 84, 85.

8. F.R 839 - Yaroslavl State Medical Institute.

9. Op.1. D. 1.2, 3.4, 5, 10a, 13, 16.

10. F.R. 1269 - Executive Committee of the Yaroslavl City Council.

11. Op.Z. D.40, 41, 42, 58, 60, 69, 75a, 88, 88a, 89, 121, 126, 129a, 142, 142a, 164a, 178, 178a, 182a, 195, 202a. F.R 2193 - Yaroslavl Regional Blood Transfusion Station. Op.1. D.23.24, 38, 40.41. Op.2. D.1, 2, 3.5.6, 20.21.

12. F.R. 2228 - Health Department of the Executive Committee of the Yaroslavl Regional Council of Workers' Deputies.1. Op.1. D.77. Op.2. D.2, 4.

13. F.R. 2249 - Union of Red Cross Societies.

14. Op.1. D.1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 15, 63, 64, 65.68, 70,71,74, 76, 77, 79, 123, 124, 126, 127, 129, 131, 135, 136, 137.

15. Op.2. 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 137 , 143, 144, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248.252.

16. F.R. 2380 - Executive Committee of the Yaroslavl Regional Council.

17. Op.Z. D. 147, 282, 283, 284, 362.

19. F.R 2873 - Department of Health of the Executive Committee of the Rezinokombinatsky District of the Council of Deputies of Yaroslavl.1. Op.2. D.1, 3.5.

20. F.R. 2874 - Health Department of the Executive Committee of the Stalin District Council of Deputies of Yaroslavl.

21. Op.2. D. 2, 4,5,6, 7, 9, 10, 12.

22. F.R 3523 - Health Department of the Executive Committee of the Krasnoperekopsky District Council of Deputies of Yaroslavl1. Op.1. D.1.

23. F.R 3524 - Health Department of the Executive Committee of the Kirovsky District of the Council of Deputies of the City of Yaroslavl1. Op.1. D.1.

24. State Archive of the Kostroma Region

25. F.R 7 - Executive Committee of the Kostroma City Council of People's Deputies Op.1. D.2400. Op.8. D.1.

26. Documentation Center of the Recent History of the Yaroslavl Region

27. F.263 Rybinsk City Committee of the CPSU.1. Op.52. D.191, 192.

28. F. 272 ​​Regional Committee of the CPSU.

29. F.273 Yaroslavl City Committee of the CPSU.

30. Op.68. D.612, 687, 735, 736, 737, 790, 800, 801, 853.

31. F.1611 Primary organization of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, EG 5775, Yaroslavl.1. Op.1. D.1,2,3, 6.

32. F.1621 Primary organization of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, EG 5364, Yaroslavl. Op.1. D. 1,6,9,10.

33. F. 1727 Primary organization of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, EG 4918 of the Nekrasovsky district

34. Yaroslavl region. Op.1. D.1, 3.5.

35. F.1728 Primary organization of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, EG 3044 of the Nekrasovsky district

36. Yaroslavl region. Op.1. D.1, 2, 6.

37. F.1749 Rostov City Committee of the CPSU. Op.1. D.32, 33.34, 35.1. Op.2. D. 38, 39.40, 41.

38. F.1904 Primary organization of the CPSU of the Yaroslavl regional hospital for the disabled of the Patriotic War. Op.1. D.1,2.

39. F.2316 Primary organization of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, EG 1385 of the Rostov region

40. Yaroslavl region. Op.1. D.1, 3.6, 7, 10, I.

41. F.2317 Primary organization of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, EG 4930 of the Rostov region

42. Yaroslavl region. Op.1. D.1.

43. F.5650 Primary organization of the CPSU EG 3017 Yaroslavl. Op.1. D.1, 3.5, 8, 10.

44. F.5973 Primary organization of the CPSU (b) EG 1988 Rybinsk

45. Yaroslavl region. Op.1. D.1, 3.4, 5.

46. ​​F.5974 Primary organization of the CPSU (b) EG 3605 Rybinsk

47. Yaroslavl region. Op.1. D.1, 4, 5, 6.

48. F.5997 Primary organization of the CPSU (b) EG 1992 Rybinsk

49. Yaroslavl region. Op.1. D.1, 2, 3.4.

50. F.5998 Primary organization of the CPSU (b) EG 2018 Rybinsk

51. Yaroslavl region. Op.1. D.1, 4, 5,6,9, 13, 19, 20.

52. F.6032 Primary organization of the CPSU (b) EG 1990 of the Rostov region

53. Yaroslavl region. Op.1. D.1

54. State Archive of the Recent History of the Kostroma Region F.2 of the Kostroma City Committee of the CPSU.

55. Op.1. D.605, 653, 661, 662, 663, 672, 742, 743, 746, 753, 755, 766, 814, 815, 820, 822, 867, 868, 869, 890, 891.

56. F.R 765 - Kostroma Regional Committee of the CPSU (b)

57. Op.1. D.24, 91, 94, 89, 224, 225, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478.

58. Documents of the Soviet government and the Communist Party The most important laws and regulations of the Soviet state during the Great Patriotic War. M., 1946. 116s.

59. Directives of the CPSU and the Soviet government on economic issues. M., 1957. V.2. 888s.

60. Laws and resolutions of the CPSU and the Soviet government on the protection of the health of the people. M., 1958. 88s.

61. CPSU in resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences and plenums of the Central Committee. 8th edition, supplemented. M., 1971. V.6. 1941-1954.

62. CPSU in resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences and plenums of the Central Committee. 9th edition, supplemented and corrected. M., 1985. T.7.

63. Decisions of the party and government on economic issues. M., 1968. In 6 vols. 1941-1952. T.Z.

64. Collection of laws of the USSR and Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 1938-1975. In 4 vols. M., 1975. T.1.

65. Messages of the Soviet Information Bureau. In 8 vols. M., 1944-1945. Decrees of the CPSU, the Soviet government on the protection of the health of the people. M., 1958. 338s.

66. Decrees of the CPSU, the Soviet government and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions on health and medicine. Bibliographic index. (1917 March 1966). Poltava, 1966. 188s.

67. I Proceedings of a methodical nature. Zavalishin N.I. Head field evacuation point. /Under. edited by E.I. Smirnova. M., 1942. 143s.

68. Instructions on methods of surgical treatment in rear hospitals. / Ed. E.I. Smirnova and N.N. Burdenko. M., JI., 1941. 210s.

69. Treatment of lightly wounded: Materials of the meeting of the surgical section of the Scientific Medical Council under the head of the GVSU KA on May 2-5, 1943. / Ed. V.V. Gorinevskaya. M., 1946. 180s.

70. Treatment of wounds in war: A practical guide for doctors and students. Ed. 6th. /Under. ed. N.N. Petrova and P.A. Kupriyanov. L., 1942. 423s.

71. Guidelines for the organization of work in evacuation hospitals. M., L., 1941. 182s.

72. Collection of instructive materials on the work of evacuation hospitals. 10 Issue. Kazan, 1942-1943.

73. Collection of provisions on the institutions of the sanitary service of wartime. M., 1941.

74. Collection of orders and instructions of the NKZ of the USSR. M., L., 1941-1945. 205s. Tretyakov A.F. Terms of treatment of the wounded in evacuation hospitals. M., 1944.66s.

75. Guidelines for military field surgery. 3rd edition. M., 1944.

76. Proceedings of the 4th plenum of the hospital council of the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR and the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR, December 27-30, 1943. /Answer. ed. S.A. Kolesnikov. Gorky, 1944. 264p.

77. Proceedings of the Scientific Medical Council under the head of the Medical and Sanitary Directorate of the USSR Navy. M., L., 1946. T. 14. Issue. 15.

78. Proceedings of evacuation hospitals REP No. 27. Lvov. Sat.1. 1944. 141s; Sat.2. 1945, Sat.Z. 1946.

79. Proceedings of the evacuation hospitals of the FEP-50 system. L., 1943.

80. V Collections of documents and materials.

81. In the formidable 41st. Collection of documents and materials. June 22 to December 31, 1941. (To the 60th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945) Kostroma, 2001. 170s.

82. Great Patriotic War. Sat. doc. In 2 vols. M., 1993.

83. The Great Patriotic War in documents and testimonies of contemporaries. / Ed. V.P. Pakhomov, 2nd ed., supplemented. Samara, 2000. 227p.

84. Great Patriotic War: Collection of documents. /Institute of Military History of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Russian State Military Archive. Under. ed. V.A. Zolotareva. M., 1998.

85. Eternal Memory: A Brief History and Lists of Buried Servicemen of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. in Yaroslavl. Yaroslavl, 1995. 343s.

86. Health care during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Collection of documents and materials. /Under the editorship of M.I.Barsukov and D.D.Kuvshinsky. M., 1977. 575s.

87. Mercy Zone: Soviet doctors and nurses did everything possible to save the lives and health of German prisoners of war in the hospital. (Publication prepared by V.B. Konasov, O.A. Bogatyrev. // Military History Journal. 1999. No. 3. p. 93-96.

88. The book of memory. / Editorial board: V.N. Khryashchev, Yu.V. Olovyanov. Yaroslavl. 1997.

89. Book of memory./RF. Kostroma region. In 7 vols. (Compiled by E.L. Lebedev, V.L. Milovidov, V.A. Tupichenkov. Yaroslavl. 1994. T. 1-544s. T.2 544s.

90. The Communist Party during the Great Patriotic War (June 1941-1945). Documents and materials. M., 1961. 703s.

91. The Communist Party in the Great Patriotic War (June 1941-1945). Documents and materials. M., 1970.

92. CPSU on the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union: Documents 1917-1968. M., 1969.

93. CPSU about culture, education and science. Collection of documents. ML, 1963 ^ Kostroma-Front. Collection of documents. Yaroslavl, 1975. German captivity through the eyes of a doctor: (Memoirs of F.I. Gumanov). (Public. prepared by M.G. Nikolaev // Domestic archives. 1995. No. 2. pp. 67-88.

94. An air alert has been declared.": (Documents on air raids and bombing of Yaroslavl during the Great Patriotic War. / Publication prepared by R.F. Borisenkov. // Yaroslavl antiquity. 1995. Issue 2. pp. 77-84.

95. Trade unions of the USSR. Documents and materials. In 4 vols. M., 1963. T.Z.749l.

96. Feat of the rear. Documents, materials of newspapers and radio of the war years, diaries, letters, memoirs. M., 1970. 238s.

97. RSFSR-front. 1941-1945: Documents and materials. M., 1987. 384s. Rybinsk: documents and materials on the history of the city. 2nd edition. Yaroslavl, 1980.

98. Collection of Communications of the Extraordinary State Commission on the atrocities of the Nazi invaders. M., 1946.

99. With the help of plague, cholera and typhus. /Publ. prepared by Ya.P. Vladimirov. //Military history magazine. 1995. No. 4. pp.95-96.

100. Thirtieth Anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet People in the Great Patriotic War. Documents and materials. M., 1975.

101. Logistics of the Armed Forces in documents: The Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. /Answer. ed. V.I.Isakov. M., 2000. 720s.

102. Relay of generations: Collection of documents and materials. Yaroslavl,

103. Yaroslavl organization of the Komsomol in documents and materials (1918-1987). /Comp. V.T.Andreev, B.A.Zabelin, G.A.Kazarinova, E.N.Lukina. Yaroslavl, 1998. 240s.

104. Yaroslavl region in documents and materials (1917-1978). Yaroslavl, 1980.

105. Yaroslavl during the Great Patriotic War. Collection of documents. Yaroslavl, 1960. 445s.

106. Yaroslavl region for 50 years: 1936-1986; Essays, documents and materials. /Scientific ed. and resp. comp. V.T.Aniskov. Yaroslavl, 1986. 326s.

107. VI Statistical materials. City of Yaroslavl in numbers. Statistical materials. / Ed. N.I.Paramonova. Yaroslavl, 1985.

108. Demographic processes in the Yaroslavl region for 60 years (1936-1995). Analytical and statistical collection. Yaroslavl, 1996. 240s.

109. Health care in the USSR. Statistical handbook. M., 1965. Kostroma regional organization of the CPSU in numbers. 1917-1979 Yaroslavl, 1981.

110. The national economy of the RSFSR for 60 years. Statistical Yearbook. M., 1977. 367p.

111. National economy of the USSR. Statistical collection. M., 1956. National economy of the Yaroslavl region. Statistical collection. Yaroslavl, 1976.

112. Stepanischev A.G. History of Russia in questions, tasks, graphs. Tutorial. M., 1995. 240s.1. VII Periodicals1. Newspapers (1941-1945):

113. Pravda (Organ of the Central Committee and MC of the CPSU(b)). Severny Rabochiy (an organ of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of Workers' Deputies).

115. Motorist (1941) (organ of the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant). For victory! (1942 May 24, 1945) (organ of the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant) .1. VIII Memoirs

116. Personal archive of prof. S.E. Aleksandrov (YAGMA), son of the head of the EG 1401 major m / sr. E.K. Aleksandrova: History of EG1401 (manuscript).

117. Experience in the therapeutic use of hydrogen sulfide sapropelic mud of Lake Galich (manuscript).

118. Vasilevsky A.M. The work of a lifetime. M., 1976. Vishnevsky A.L. Diary of a surgeon. M., 1967.

119. Doctors in front-line overcoats. Memoirs of graduates and employees of IGMI about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. / Ch. ed. E.M. Burtsev. Ivanovo, 1995. 200p.

120. Vyazovsky V.V. Days of the front hospital. Volgograd. 1978. 112p.

121. Zhukov G.K. Memories and reflections. M., 1974.

122. Kibardin L. Half a century / Memoirs of an old doctor /. Yaroslavl. 1967.160s.

123. Smirnov E.I. Front Mercy. M., 1991. 430s. Smolnikov A.V. Doctor at war. L., 1972.

124. Soldiers of the Great Patriotic War: Memoirs and essays. Yaroslavl. 1987. 109s.

125. The soldier saved remembers you: Collection. / Literary record E.N. Gromova, Compiled by S.N. Krasilnikov. Kazan. 1990. 200s.

126. V.I.Talaninskaya. Everyday life of the medical battalion: Notes of a military nurse Saratov, 1980. 111s.

127. Works of a methodological nature Engels F. Anti-Dühring //Marx K., Engels F. Soch. 2nd ed. T.20.p.175.

128. Engels F. Armies of Europe. //Marx K., Engels F. Op. 2nd ed. T. 11 pp. 433-507.

129. Engels F. Notes on the war. //Marx K., Engels F. Op. 2nd ed. T. 17, p.7-267.

130. Engels F. Elberfeld speeches. //Marx K., Engels F. Op. T.20.p.175.

131. Lenin V.I. Results of the party week in Moscow and our tasks. //Full composition of writings. T.39. p.237.

132. Anieimov. Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. M., 1947.

133. Aniskov V.T. War and the fate of the Russian peasantry. Vologda; Yaroslavl, 1998. 287p.

134. Aniskov V.T., Rutkovsky M.A. History of the Yaroslavl Territory (1928-1998). Yaroslavl, 2000. 29 bs.

135. Bagdasaryan S.M., Burdenko N.N. M., 1954.

136. Barsukov M.I. Red Cross and Red Crescent of the USSR. Historical essay. M., 1955.

137. Belokosov I.I. Soviet trade unions during the war. M., 1970. 216s.

138. Biography of my land. Yaroslavl. 1967. 297p.

139. Belyaev V.I. Public health of Yaroslavl in the past and present. Yaroslavl, 1961. 137p.

140. Bogomolova L.G., Gavrilov O.K. Donation. L., 1986.

141. Bostorina L., Vazin A.I., Novikova K.F. From Moscow to the Arctic. / Ed. early Northern railway I.M. Melyuk. Yaroslavl, 1968. 373s.

142. Burdenko N.N. Soviet military surgery during the Great Patriotic War. M., 1946.

143. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941-1945: A Brief History. M., 1965. 624s.

144. Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941-1945 Short story. M., 1967. 617p.

145. Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: Military Historical Essays. In 4 books. M., 1949. Book 4. People and War. 367s.

146. Vinogradov N.A. Health care during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Lecture X. M., 1955. 40s.

147. Vinogradov N.A. Health care in the years of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). M., 1967. 472s.

148. Vishnevsky N.A. Soviet doctors during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. L., 1990. 32s.

149. The contribution of the working people of the Volga region to the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Kuibyshev, 1983.

150. At the head of the defense of the Soviet Motherland. Essay on the activities of the CPSU during the Great Patriotic War. M., 1975. 407p.

151. Military medicine of the deep rear in the Patriotic War. /Answer. ed. brigvrach. K.N. Pavlovsky. Tashkent, 1943. 582s.

152. Gavrilov O.K. Essays on the history of the development and use of blood transfusion. L., 1968. 180s.

153. Gadaev L.E. Economy of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. M., 1985.

154. Galkin V.A. Trade unions during the Great Patriotic War (June 1941-1945). M., 1949. 62p.

155. Heroes of fiery years: Essays on the heroes of the Soviet Union Yaroslavl. Ed. 2nd. Yaroslavl, 1974.

156. Gladkikh P.F. Health care of besieged Leningrad (1941-1944) Ed. 2nd, revised. and additional L., 1985. 272s.

157. Gladkikh P.F. Medical service of the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. (History of construction). SPb., 1995. 153p.

158. Gritskevich V.P., Satrapinsky F.V. Military doctors holders of the Order of Glory of three degrees. L., 1975.25 years of Soviet healthcare. M., 1944.

159. Deborin G.A., Teltsukhovsky B.S. Results and lessons of the Great Patriotic War. 2nd ed., add. M., 1975. 440s.

160. Derzhavets M.A. Health care of the Yaroslavl region for 30 years. Yaroslavl. 1947. 40s.

161. Dzhanba A.K. Good hands: Essays on front-line doctors from Abkhazia. Sukhumi, 1971. 146s.

162. Donskoy L.E., Shapoval A.P. Soldiers in white coats. Kharkov, 1966.103s.

163. Zabludovsky P.E., Kryuchok G.R., Kuzmin M.K., Levit M.M. History of medicine. M., 1981. 352s.

164. Ivanov N.G., Georgievsky A.S., Lobastov O.S. Soviet health care and military medicine in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. L., 1985. 304s.

165. History of the Great Patriotic War. M., 1965.

166. History of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941-1945. In 6 vols. M., 1960-1965.

167. History of the CPSU. In 6 vols. T.5. Book 1. M., 1970. 723s.

168. History of medicine of the USSR. / Ed. B.D. Petrova. M., 1964. 646s.

169. History of trade unions of the USSR. M., 1969.

170. History of the USSR from ancient times to the present day. In 12 vols. T. 10. M., 1973.

171. Kerilin I.A. Experience in hospital management. M., 1975. Kovanov V.V. Soldiers of Immortality. M., 1985.

172. Kovrigina M.D. The role of female doctors in the development of healthcare in our country. Lectures. M., 1972. 27p.

173. Kolesnik A.D. RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War. Problems of the rear and national assistance to the front. M., 1982. 328s.

174. Komkov G.D. CPSU during the Great Patriotic War. M., 1983.64s.

175. Konasov V.B. At the junction of the front and the rear: Materials for the university special course and school electives. Vologda, 1999. 172p.

176. Konoshev K.V. Tutaev: Historical essay. Yaroslavl, 1989. 160s.

177. Kuznetsov D.N. The activities of the CPSU and the Soviet state in the organization and development of Soviet military medicine during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Textbook for the course of the history of the CPSU. L., 1975.

178. Kuzmin M.K. Doctors Heroes of the Soviet Union. Ed. 2nd. M., 1970.224s.

179. Kuzmin M.K. Courage, courage and heroism of medical workers during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. M., 1965. 60s.

180. Kuzmin M.K. Soviet medicine during the Great Patriotic War. (Essays). M., 1979. 240s.

181. Kukin D.N. The Bolshevik Party is the inspirer and organizer of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. M., 1947.

182. Kumanev G.A. Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941-1945 M., 1960. 137p.

183. Kurashov S.V. 40 years of healthcare in the Russian Federation. M., 1957.39s.

184. Leningraders on the Volga banks. Yaroslavl, 1972. Lyaushin V.P. War and youth: Labor and socio-political activity of youth of the national outskirts of the North of Siberia during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Ekaterinburg, 1999. 147p.

185. Malinina P.A. Volga winds. 2nd ed., add. M., 1978. 384s. Medical workers in the Great Patriotic War. / Ed. B.D. Petrova. M., 1942. 178s.

186. Meltyukhov M.I. The eve of the Great Patriotic War: the discussion continues. M., 1999. 67p.

187. Mirsky M.B. Bound to life. M., 1991. 239s. Mirsky M. Saved Lives. M., 1971.

188. Miterev G.A. Public health for 25 years of Soviet power. M, 1942. 95s.

189. Mitrofanova A.V. The working class of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. M., 1971. 575s.

190. Murmantseva B.C. Soviet women in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. M., 1979.

191. Mushkin S.G. Nationwide assistance to the wounded wars during the Great Patriotic War. Tbilisi, 1971. 116s.

192. Some questions of the history of military medicine. M., 1971. Fiery years. M., 1999. 514s.

193. Oleinik S.F. Blood transfusion in Russia and the USSR. (Materials for history). Kyiv, 1955. 419s.

194. Oppel V.A. Essays on the surgery of war. M., 1940.

195. Experience of Soviet medicine in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. TT.1-35. M., 1951-1955.

196. Essays on the history of healthcare in the USSR. / Ed. M.I.Barsukova M., 1957.393s.

197. Essays on the history of the Kostroma organization of the CPSU. Yaroslavl, 1967.404p.

198. Essays on Soviet military medicine. / Under the editorship of D.D. Kuvshinsky and A.S. Georgievsky. JT., 1968. 526s.

199. Essays on the history of Soviet military medicine. L., 1968. 198s. Essays on the history of the Yaroslavl organization of the CPSU. Yaroslavl, 1967.560s.

200. Essays on the history of the Yaroslavl organization of the CPSU 1938-1965. /Scientific ed. V.T.Aniskov. Yaroslavl, 1990. 240s.

201. Pankov G.I. Fire release. Rostov-on-Don, 1984.

202. Pioneers and schoolchildren in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. M., 2000. 29s.

203. Pirogov N.I. Beginnings of general military field surgery. M., 1941. Potulov B.M. V.I.Lenin and health protection of the Soviet people. M., 1980.455s.

204. Rybakovsky L.L. Human losses of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War. M., 1999. 59s.

205. Rybakovsky L.L. Human losses of Russia in the war of 1941-1945. M., 2000. 46s.

206. Saveliev V.M., Savvin V.P. Soviet intelligentsia in the Great Patriotic War. M., 1974. 285s.

207. Sanitary and epidemiological provision of the country's population during the Great Patriotic War. /Under the total. ed. S.N. Belyaeva. M., 1996. 367p.

208. Satrapinsky F.V. Military doctors Heroes of the Soviet Union. L., 1975.70 years of Soviet health care. M., 1987. 512s.

209. Sidorov I.I. Workers of the Yaroslavl region during the Great Patriotic War. Yaroslavl, 1958.

210. Sinitsin A.M. National assistance to the front. On the patriotic movements of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945 M., 1985.

211. Skirdo M.I. Moral factor in the Great Patriotic War. M., 1959. 136s.

212. Smirnov E.I. War and military medicine 1939-1945. M., 1979. Smirnov E.I. Anti-epidemic work of the Soviet Army. M., 1950.

213. Smirnov E.I. Soviet military doctors in the Patriotic War. M., 1945.

214. Soviet intelligentsia. Brief outline of history (1917-1975). M., 1977. 318s.

215. Soviet trade unions during the war. M., 1970.

216. Soviet rear in the Great Patriotic War. M. 1974. Book 1. 304s; Book 2. 368s.

217. The creative role of the Great Victory. Sat. Art. M., 2000. 133s. USSR in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Brief chronicle. M., 1970. 856 p. 100 years of the Red Cross in our country. M., 1967.

218. Turupanov N.L. A matter chosen by the heart. 4.1. Essays on the history of medicine in the Vologda region. Vologda, 1993. 176s. Rear of the Soviet Army. M., 1968. 320s.

219. Logistics of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. M., 1974.

220. Logistics of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. M., 1977. 559s.

221. Participation of the working people of the USSR in the construction of health care. M., 1957. Chikin S.V. The CPSU and the protection of the health of the people. M., 1977. Shayakhmetov N.Sh. War: About human losses in the Great Patriotic War. Ufa, 2000. 299s.

222. Shamov V.N. Blood transfusion during World War II. JL, 1947.68p.

223. Shebzukhov M.K. Rear front: (North-Western Caucasus during the war years 1941-1945). Maykop, 1993. 327 p. 60 years of healthcare. M., 1977. 416s.

224. Shishkin N.N. In the name of victory. Organizational work of the Party in the countryside during the Great Patriotic War. 4.1. Petrozavodsk, 1970. 33s.

225. Organizational and mass-political work of the party in the countryside during the Great Patriotic War. 4.2. Petrozavodsk, 1974. 440s.

226. Shuranov N.P. Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Short story. Kemerovo, 1996. 207p.

227. Yarovinsky M.Ya. Health care in Moscow. (1581-2000). M., 1998.272s.

228. Yaroslavl region for 60 years. Yaroslavl, 1977. 160p.1. XI Articles

229. Akimov G.A. Soviet neuropathology during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet medicine. 1985. No. 5. pp.36-40.

230. Topical issues of the history of the Great Patriotic War: Materials of the 15th All-Russian Correspondence Scientific Conference. /Scientific ed. S.N. Poltorak. SPb., 1999. 144p.

231. Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov M.Sh. The immortal feat of doctors. //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1995. No. 2. p.33.

232. Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov M.Sh. Military physicians holders of military orders. //Soviet health care. 1995. No. 1. p.38.

233. Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov M.Sh. Military medicine in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. (to the 45th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany). //Soviet medicine. 1990. No. 5. p.13.

234. Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov M.Sh. An outstanding organizer of public health and military medicine E.I. Smirnov. (To the 90th anniversary of the birth). //Soviet health care. 1994. No. 5. p.36.

235. Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov M.Sh. Chief surgeons of the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet medicine. 1985. No. 5. pp.50-54.

236. Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov M.Sh. Results and lessons of military health care. //Soviet health care. 1991. No. 7. p.73.

237. Aleksanyan Y.V., Knopov M.Sh. P.A. Kupriyanov and military field surgery. (To the 100th anniversary of the birth). //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1993. No. 5. p.28.

238. Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov M.Sh. Scientific work of military doctors during the Great Patriotic War. //Problems of social hygiene and the history of medicine. M., 1995. No. 5. pp.32-35.

239. Aleksanyan I.V., Knopov M.Sh. Organizers of surgical work during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 4. p.49.

240. Ananyeva E.S. Medical institutions of Dagestan during the Great Patriotic War. //Years of severe trials and national feat. Makhachkala. 1995. p. 134-147.

242. Aralovets N.A., Repinetsky A.I. Human losses of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War. // Teaching history at school. 1995. No. 6. pp.8-11.

243. Artyukhov S.A. Health care of Tyumen during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1987. No. 1. p.58.

244. Astapova L.I. Medical evacuation of the wounded and sick soldiers of the Voronezh Front (July 1942, October 1943). //Actual problems of social sciences and humanities. Voronezh, 1996. Issue 6. pp.49-51.

245. Astapova L.I. Courage and heroism of military doctors during the Great Patriotic War. //Actual problems of social sciences and humanities. Voronezh. Issue 7. 1996. pp. 47-49.

246. Akhmedov A.A., Truman G.L. Sorting evacuation hospitals of the NKZ of the AzSSR during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1987. No. 2. p.63.

247. Baburin E. In the name of life. (On the work of the Yaroslavl blood transfusion station during the Great Patriotic War). //North edge. 1994. December 15.

248. Barannikov N.G., Toltsman T.N. Pharmacy workers of the Russian Federation in the Great Patriotic War, 1941-1945. //Pharmacy. 1985. V.34. No. 2. pp.11-16.

250. Belov S.I. The activity of medical workers in the restoration of health care in the Byelorussian USSR. (1944-1950). //Soviet health care. 1986. No. 2. pp.56-59.

251. Belyakov V.D. Epidemiological Service in the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet medicine. 1985. No. 5. pp.30-36.

252. Berezhnyak A.P. On party-political work in medical units and institutions during the Great Patriotic War. // Military Medical Journal. 1985. No. 4. pp.20-22.

253. Berezhnyak A.P. Party and political work in the hospitals of the Soviet Armed Forces during the Great Patriotic War. // Military Medical Journal. 1966. No. 5. pp.81-83.

254. Biryukova S.B. The work of the EG of Mordovia in 1941-1945. // Bulletin of the Mordovian University. Saransk. 1995. No. 4. pp.30-33.

255. The struggle of the party for strengthening the unity of the front and rear during the Great Patriotic War. Digest of articles. Petrazavodsk, 1979. pp. 73-80.

256. Brzhevsky V.Ch. The feat of doctors in the memory of the people. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 12. pp.49-52.

257. Burenkov S.P. Heroes of the front and rear. / Presentation of the report of the Minister of Health, dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Victory. //Medical newspaper. 1985. April 12.

258. Great Patriotic War in the assessment of young: Collection of articles of students, graduate students, young scientists. /Answer. ed. N.A. Kirsanov. M., 1997. 163p.

259. Great Patriotic War: truth and fiction. Digest of articles. / Ed. N.D. Kolesova. SPb., 2000. 101s.

260. The Great Patriotic War: Factors of Victory, Historical Lessons: Abstracts of Reports and Communications at the Interuniversity Scientific Seminar April 27, 2000. Ufa, 2000. 79p.

261. Great victory of the Soviet people 1941-1945 Materials of the scientific conference dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. (April 17-18, 1975) M., 1976. 648s.

262. Great Feat. To the 55th anniversary of the Victory. Abstracts of the All-Russian Youth Scientific and Practical Conference, April 26-27, 2000. / Ed. V.D. Polkanova et al. Omsk, 2000. 243p.

263. Venediktov D.D. Soviet Red Cross and health care. //Soviet health care. 1987. No. 11. p.37.

264. Bulletin of the Upper Volga Branch of the Academy of Military Historical Sciences. Materials of the scientific conference dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the Great Victory. Yaroslavl, 2000. 128s.

265. Veshchikov P.I. Rear movement. //Socis. 1995 No. 5. pp.30-35.

266. Vinokurov V.G. Medical work in the evacuation hospitals of the Ulyanovsk region during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1991. No. 7. p.76.

267. Vinokurov G.A., Vinokurov V.G. Pharmacy and medical workers of the Volga region during the war years. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 8. pp.47-49.

268. Vinokurov G.A. Procurement and use of medicinal plants during the Great Patriotic War. //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1985. No. 4. pp.6-8."

269. Vodolagin M.A. The party was the organizer of assistance to the wounded - soldiers and commanders of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. //Questions of the history of the CPSU. 1978. No. 2. pp.64-75.

270. Military feat of the defenders of the Fatherland: traditions, continuity, innovations. Materials of the interregional scientific-practical conference. Ch.Z. Vologda, 2000.317s.

271. War is crueler there is no word ". Historical and local history conference (April 25, 1995) Rybinsk, 1995.

272. War and mercy: Collection of scientific articles. / Ed. A.G.Katsnelbogen. Volgograd, 1995. 77p.

273. Voitenko M.F. Medical personnel of the evacuation hospitals of the NKZ of the USSR and the organization of their advanced training during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1986. No. 2. pp.54-56.

274. Volkogonov D.A. Moral and political factor of the Great Victory. //Questions of Philosophy. 1975. No. 3. with. 10-21.

275. Voronin A. At the forefront of medicine. Yaroslavl donation is 50 years old. // Northern worker. 1982. December 15.

276. Vokhtina N.A. So it was. (On Rostov evacuation hospitals during the Great Patriotic War). //The path to communism. 1990. April 7th.

277. World-historical Victory of the Soviet people. 1941-1945: Proceedings of a scientific conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany. M., 1971. 646s.

278. Gavrilov O.K. Blood transfusion during the Great Patriotic War. // Military Medical Journal. 1965. No. 4. with. 16-19.

279. Gadyuchkin V. Yaroslavl military garrison hospital is 125 years old. // City news. 1997. February 19-26, p.2.

280. Georgievskiy A.S. The contribution of Soviet health care to the Great Victory. //Soviet health care. 1975. No. 5. pp.3-9.

281. Grando A.A., Mezhirov JI.C., Krishtopa B.L. Physicians in the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 9. p.51.

282. Gribanov E.D. Central Institute Improvement of doctors during the war years. //Problems of social hygiene and the history of medicine. 1995. No. 3. pp.49-52.

283. Gritsker A. A. Resorts of Abkhazia during the war years. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 2. P.47.

284. Gurkin V.V., Kruglov A.I. The bloody reckoning of the aggressor. //Military history magazine. 1996. No. 3. pp.29-36.

285. Gurkin V.V. Human losses of the Soviet Armed Forces in 1941-1945. New aspects. //Military history magazine. 1999. No. 2. S.2-13.

286. Gurkin V.V. About human losses on the Soviet-German front in 1941-1945. //New and recent history. 1992. No. 3. pp.219-224.

287. Gurkin V.V. Losses of Germany's allies in the war against the USSR. //Military history magazine. 1998. No. 5. C16-21.

288. Dushmanov S.K. Health care of Western Kazakhstan during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1988. No. 4. P.65.

289. Emelyanov V.M., Gabov A.A. Health care in the Yaroslavl region in the past and present. //Nurse. No. 11. pp.56-58.

290. Emelyanov V.N. On the history of healthcare in the Yaroslavl region (1917-1957). // Collection of scientific works of YMI. 1957. Issue 14. pp.65-68.

291. Emelyanov V.N., Meyerson E.G. Health care in the Yaroslavl region (1917-1957) //Soviet health care. 1957. No. 10. pp.48-54.

293. Ermakov M. From the experience of evacuation and treatment of wounded partisans of Ukraine (during the Great Patriotic War). //Military history magazine. 1984. No. 9. pp.76-78.

294. Ershov E.A. Yaroslavl region during the Great Patriotic War: to the 50th anniversary of the Victory. //Yaroslavl calendar for 1995. Yaroslavl. 1995. P.15-18.

295. Efimova V.V., Konasov V.B. Boss assistance to military sanitary institutions of the Vologda region during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1988. No. 10. P.58.

296. Zhilin P.A. Actual problems of research of the Great Patriotic War. //Historiography of the Great Patriotic War. M., 1980. S.9-36.

297. Zhukova J1.A. The activities of the Communist Party in the management of health care during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). //Soviet health care. 1987. No. 7. pp.59-61.

298. Zelenin S.F. Activities of medical scientists in Western Siberia during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1988. No. 11. P.53.

299. Zemlyansky A., Altshuller B. Great feat of the people. //Political agitation. 1984. No. 22. pp. 16-25.

300. Zinich M.S. The study of the social policy of the Communist Party, the Soviet state during the Great Patriotic War. //Questions of history. 1987. No. 2. pp. 104-111.

301. Ibragimov M.G. Public and patronage assistance of the EG of the Bashkir ASSR during the war years. //Soviet health care. 1988. No. 3. P.64.

302. Ibragimov N.G. Feats of physicians of Bashkiria. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 1. P.53.

304. Ivanov N.G. Medical science in the service of the front. //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1985. No. 5. S.6-10.

305. Ivanov N.G. Soviet health care in the medical support of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945 //Soviet medicine. 1985. No. 5. S.3-12.

306. Ivanov P. Political education among the wounded defenders of the Motherland. // Propaganda and agitation. 1943. No. 18. pp.57-60.

307. There is a people's war.//Northern worker. 1967. November 3. Imbitsky E.V. Therapeutic service in the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet medicine. 1985. No. 5. S.24-29.

308. Historiography of the Great Patriotic War. Digest of articles. M., 1980.

309. Isupov V.A. Human losses of the USSR in 1941-1945: Historiography of the issue. // Humanities in Siberia. Series: Domestic history. Novosibirsk. 1995. No. 1. pp. 11-15.

310. Isupov V.A. Mortality in the rear areas of Russia in 1941-1942. //Population of Russia in the 1920s-1950s: Numbers, losses, migrations. M., 1994. S.95-114.

311. Results and tasks of the work of the EG NKZ USSR. //Soviet health care. 1942. Nos. 5-6. pp.48-50.

312. Kaverin S. In the name of victory (On the Yaroslavl donors who saved thousands of lives during the Great Patriotic War). //Soviet Red Cross.1981. No. 5. P.22.

314. Kaverin S. And they became blood brothers. (About donors during the Great Patriotic War). //Youth. 1982. September 11th.

315. Kalinin G. At the end of 1941. // Northern worker. 1990. May 6. Kalinin G. In front-line conditions. //North edge. 1995. April 12. Kalinin G. Yaroslavl in the service of mercy. // Northern worker. 1990. April 17.

316. Kamneva G.P. The Great Patriotic War: the experience of historiographical rethinking. //Armageddon. 1999. Book Z. pp. 130-133.

317. Karyakina S., Chicherina M. Grateful service to the people. // Northern worker. 1956. March 14.

318. Kvitnitsky-Ryzhov Yu.M. From the history of healthcare in Kyiv during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1990. No. 5. P.62.

319. Kirsanov N.A., Razumov V.I. From the history of the mass donor movement during the Great Patriotic War. //Bulletin of Moscow State University. Series 8. History. 1980. No. 5. S.32-41.

320. Kovanov V.V. The immortal feat of physicians during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet medicine. 1990. No. 11. pp.112-118.

321. Kozlov P. For health. (From the history of pharmacy business in Yaroslavl). // Northern worker. 1982. April 10.

322. Kozlov V., Karyakina S. Health care in the Yaroslavl region for 10 years of Soviet power. //Agitator's notepad. 1957. No. 6. pp.29-39.

323. Kozlovsky K.M. Care of schoolchildren about the wounded soldiers in the Great Patriotic War. // Military Medical Journal. 1975. No. 2.

325. Komarov F.I. Soviet military medicine in the Great Patriotic War. // Military Medical Journal. 1985. No. 2. pp. 10-15.

326. Kononova T.B. Rear to help the front. // Scientific notes of the Moscow Social University. 2000. No. 1. pp.102-105.

327. Konchaev A.I. The past rises before my eyes. (Meeting of veterans of the Great Patriotic War). // Northern worker. 1986. October 9.

328. Konchaev A. I want to bow low to you. (From the history of the neurosurgical evacuation hospital in Rybinsk during the Great Patriotic War. // Youth. 1988. May 7. S.Z.

330. Korobova JI. What did the exhibits say? (About the Tutaevsky evacuation hospital). // Banner of Ilyich. 1992. January 7th.

331. Red Cross on the roads of war (1941-1945) //Medical newspaper. 1995. May 5. pp.18-19.

332. Kudryashov V.F. The activities of the Leningrad party organization to provide nationwide assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 2. P.45.

333. Kuzmin M.K. The heroism of Soviet doctors during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet medicine. 1985. No. 5. pp.40-44.

334. Kuzmin M.K. The role of Soviet medical scientists in the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet medicine. 1980. No. 8. pp.118-120.

335. Kuzmin M.K. Soviet medicine and physicians during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet medicine. 1990. No. 5. pp.9-13.

336. Kulagina A.A. Physicians of Bashkiria, participants of the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 2. pp.49-50.

337. Kumanev G.A. The contribution of the USSR to the Victory over fascism: Report at the All-Russian scientific conference dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, Yekaterinburg, Kamensk-Uralsky April 27-28, 2000. Yekaterinburg, 2000. P.28.

340. Lobastov O.S. The experience of medical support for troops in the Great Patriotic War: its assessment and significance 55 years after the Great Victory. // Military Medical Journal. 2000. T.321. No. 3. S.4-8.

342. Maltseva O.A. Organization and activities of evacuation hospitals in the Komi-Permyatsk district during the Great Patriotic War. //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1986. No. 5. pp.14-16.

343. Maslov A.A. Medicine of Kabardino-Balkaria in 1941-1945. //Soviet health care. 1990. No. 12. P.51.

344. Medical and sanitary consequences of the war and measures to eliminate them. //Proceedings of the 2nd Conference of Surgeons December 17-19, 1946. T.2. M., 1948.

345. Milovidov S.I. Results and tasks of the work of evacuation hospitals of the NKZ of the USSR. //Soviet health care. 1942. S.48-50.

346. Mirsky M.B. Medicine in the war. //Problems of social hygiene and the history of medicine. 1995. No. 3. pp.23-29.

348. Meshkov V.V. Heroism of physicians during the Great Patriotic War. //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1985. No. 3. pp. 10-13.

349. Natradze A.G., Kachalov S.F. Material damage caused to the health care of the USSR by the Nazi invaders in the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1946. No. 3. pp. 10-12.

350. Nevezhin V.A. The Great Patriotic War in the latest research and documentary publications. // Teaching history at school. 2000. No. 4. S.24-29.

351. Unfading feat of the Soviet people. //Political agitation. 1974. No. 4. C12-16.

352. Nechaev E.A. The contribution of Soviet doctors to the cause of victory in the Great Patriotic War. // Healthcare of the Russian Federation. 1990. No. 5. S.3-9.

353. Olegov JI. Both soul and body are healed. (From the history of the Yaroslavl garrison military hospital). //Health. 1994. 9 September.

354. Osmin S. Cordon for epidemics. // Provincial News. 1997. November 13. Parin V.V. Research work of the NKZ institutes in the conditions of the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1943. No. 1-2. pp.18-28.

355. Party organizations of the Upper Volga during the Great Patriotic War. Digest of articles. Ivanovo, 1968-1974.

356. Party organizations of the Ivanovo and Yaroslavl regions during the Great Patriotic War. Digest of articles. Ivanovo, 1968.

357. First scientific session of NMI. Abstracts of reports. Yaroslavl, 1946. 43p.

358. Petrenko I.K. Political and educational work in the EG NKZ USSR at a new stage. // Hospital business. 1943. No. 4. S.34-35.

359. Petrenko E.P., Tomilov V.A. Organization of treatment of the wounded and sick in the evacuation hospitals of the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR in the Kuibyshev region during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1990. No. 8. P.68.

360. Petrov B.D. The patronage of the Red Cross activists in hospitals. //Sanitary defense. 1942. No. 3-4.

361. Petrov V.V. The role of patriotism in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. //Regional policy, economics, sociology. 1999. No. 3. pp. 161-166.

363. Ponomarenko V.N. The role of hospital bases in the front-line districts in medical and evacuation support for troops in defensive battles in the first months of the Great Patriotic War. // Bulletin of the history of military medicine. SPb., 1998. Issue 2. pp.23-31.

364. Postnova M. Another page of history: (About the Rybinsk evacuation hospital). 1941-1945 // Upper Volga truth. 1990. 24 May.

365. Potulov B.M. Soviet health care during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 1. pp.49-53.

366. Potulov B.M. Formation and development of Soviet medicine. //Soviet health care. 1977. No. 2. C.9.

367. The truth about the Great Patriotic War. /Total ed. G.V. Telyatnikova. Conference proceedings June 1998 Tver, 1998. 40s.

368. Problems of the history of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Materials of interuniversity scientific conference. /Comp. L.V. Khramkov. Samara. Issue 5. 1999. 56p.

369. Razumov V.I. Party and political work in the rear EG during the Great Patriotic War. //From the history of the struggle of the CPSU for the victory of socialism and communism. 4.7. M., 1997. S.65-79.

370. The role of the Soviet rear in achieving victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945 All-Union Scientific Conference. June 4-6. 1985 Abstracts of scientific communications. M., 1985.

371. Rutkovsky M. What generals and some civilians forget about. (About the military hospital in Tutaev). // City news. 1990. August 2-8. C.2.

372. Rybakovsky L.L. Human losses of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War. //Socis. 2000. No. 8. pp.89-97.

373. Collection of scientific works of YMI. Issue XV. Yaroslavl, 1957. 452p.

374. Collection of works YAGMI. T.1. Issue 1. Yaroslavl, 1947.

375. Sviridova L.E. The work of rear EGs in Northern Kazakhstan is an example of successful international cooperation. //Problems of social hygiene and the history of medicine. 1995. No. 5. S.51-52.

376. Selivanov V.I. The role of the Soviet public in the care of wounded soldiers. // Military Medical Journal. 1970. No. 5.

377. Selivanov V.I. Specialized treatment of the wounded during the Great Patriotic War. //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1995. No. 2. P.30.

378. Selivanov E.F. Selfless work of Soviet doctors during the Great Patriotic War. //Health care of the Russian Federation. 1986. No. 5. S.8-11.

379. Semenova I.Yu. Health care of the Upper Volga region during the Great Patriotic War. //Problems of social hygiene and the history of medicine. 1994. No. 5.S.55-56.

381. Sidorov I. Yaroslavl during the Great Patriotic War. // Northern worker. 1960. May 8.

384. Soviet military field surgery in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. and its main directions further development. //Surgery. 1980. No. 5.S.Z-8.

385. Soviet health care. 1985. No. 5. Thematic collection dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. 80s.

386. Soviet rear during the period of a radical change in the Great Patriotic War, November 1942-1943. M., 1989. 392s.

387. Sokolov B. To the question of losses in the Great Patriotic War. //Alternatives = alternatives. 1997. Issue 2. pp.169-170.

388. Sokolov B. Human losses in Russia and the USSR in wars and armed conflicts of the XX century. // Facets. 1997. No. 183. pp. 109-232.

390. Forty years of Soviet healthcare. To the 40th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1916-1957: Collection of articles. Ch. ed. M.D. Kovrigina. M., 1957. 662s.

391. Stasenko N. There is a hospital in Yaroslavl. //A red star. 1971. June 10. Stashenko V. The hospital is 100 years old. (Yaroslavl military hospital). // Northern worker. 1971. August 7th.

392. Stepunin S.I., Razumov V.I. The vanguard role of the party for the return of the wounded to the ranks (1941-1945) //Health of the Russian Federation. 1985. No. 5. S.3-5.

393. Stepunin S.I., Razumov V.I. Issues of organizing assistance to the wounded soldiers of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War on the pages of the Pravda newspaper. //Soviet health care. 1984. No. 6. P.67.

394. Stepunin S.I., Razumov V.I. Help of the peoples of the USSR to the wounded and sick soldiers of the Red Army (1941-1945) //Soviet health care. 1982. No. 8. pp.59-62.

395. Country of Soviets for 50 years. Collection of articles and materials. M., 1967. Suvorov M.I. Medical workers of the city of Kemerovo during the period of severe military trials. //History and culture of the Volga-Vyatka region. Kirov, 1994. S.263-264.

396. Sudorgin M.S. Hospital care during the war years in the Lower Volga region. //Problems of political science and political history. Saratov, 1993. Issue 2. with. 104-106.

397. Abstracts of reports of the 5th scientific session of YMI. Yaroslavl, 1948. Tikhanovich A.V. Yaroslavl and higher medical education. Abstracts of the 5th scientific session of the YaGMI. Yaroslavl, 1948. S.4-6.

398. Tokarevich K. From the memoirs of an epidemiologist. // Science and religion. 1985. No. 4. S.5-7.

399. Proceedings of the Military Medical Museum of the USSR Ministry of Defense. L., 1965. Lessons of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: Historical and Philosophical Problems. Collection of materials. Krasnoyarsk, 2000. 97p.

400. Fedorov K.V. Party concern for the high efficiency of medical support for troops during the Great Patriotic War. // Military Medical Journal. 1975. No. 5. pp.17-20.

401. Fedoseev A.S., Koroleva JI.H., Kamaliev M.A. Anti-epidemic work of military doctors in the liberated areas during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1987. No. 7. P.62.

402. Fedotov V. Care of the party and people about the wounded during the Great Patriotic War. // Military Medical Journal. 1977. No. 6. S.90-94.

403. Khachaturian A. Doctors between war and peace. Yaroslavl garrison hospital. //Golden ring. 1996. 26 July. C.5.

404. Brave D. Prostration. (Hospital in Rostov high school No. 1). // Northern worker. 1978. July 9.

406. Price of epidemic prosperity. (On the work of the sanitary and epidemiological service during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945). //Medical newspaper. 1995. May 5. pp. 16-17.

407. Chernobrov I.V. Underground medical workers of the Sumy region during the Great Patriotic War. //Problems of social hygiene and the history of medicine. 1996. No. 1.C60-61.

408. Chizh I.M. Results and lessons of medical support of the Soviet Army in the Great Patriotic War. //Problems of social hygiene and the history of medicine. 1995. No. 3. S.20-23.

409. Chizh I.M. On the medical support of the Armed Forces (according to the experience of the Great Patriotic War). // Military thought. 1995. No. 3. pp.72-80.

410. Chikin S.Ya. The heroic feat of doctors during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1995. No. 1. P.35.

411. Sharapov P. Guardsmen in white coats. (Nurses in hospitals during the Great Patriotic War.). // Banner of labor. 1992. March 17.

413. Shipovsky Ya. Patronage over hospitals is an honorable duty of Soviet patriots. //Sanitary defense. 1941. Nos. 12-13. S. 15.

415. Yarovinsky M.Ya. The contribution of medical workers in Moscow to the victory over fascism. //Soviet health care. 1985. No. 5. pp.34-39.

416. Yarovinsky M.Ya. Health care of Moscow during the Great Patriotic War. //Soviet health care. 1983. No. 7. pp.63-67.1. XII Dissertations

417. Aga-zade T.D. Healthcare of Azerbaijan during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Candidate of Science Dissertation Baku, 1989.

418. Berezhnyak A.P. Party and political work in the hospitals of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) Dis. Candidate of Historical Sciences. JI., 1969. 209s.

419. Grinshpan M.M. Struggle of the Leningrad party organization for the life and health of the population of the city during the Great Patriotic War. Candidate of Science Dissertation JI., 1973. 217p.

420. Eregina N.T. Party leadership of the ideological-political and cultural-mass work in the collective farm village during the Great Patriotic War. (According to the materials of the party organizations of the Upper Volga region). Candidate of Science Dissertation Yaroslavl, 1985. 227p.

421. Zinko Yu.A. The Communist Party is the organizer of the party movement for helping the wounded soldiers of the Red Army. Candidate of Science Dissertation Kyiv, 1990. 180s.

422. Zlotkin I.L. Ural doctors during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Candidate of Science Dissertation Perm, 1970. 360s.

423. Ivannikov V.A. The role of trade unions in organizing medical care for the front and rear during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Diss.cand.ist. Sciences. M., 1983. 210s.

424. Kochetkova Z.M. Activities of the Communist Party in organizing nationwide assistance to the wounded during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). (Based on the materials of the Moscow and Gorky regions). Candidate of Science Dissertation M., 1987. 222s.

425. Kudryashov V.F. The Communist Party is the organizer of nationwide assistance to the wounded and sick Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). (Based on the materials of the Leningrad party organization). Candidate of Science Dissertation L., 1975. 213s.

426. Kuzmin M.K. The heroism of medical workers and the achievements of Soviet medicine during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Diss.cand.ist. Sciences. M., 1968. 615s.

427. Main V.N. The activities of the party organizations of the Upper Volga to guide the intelligentsia during the Great Patriotic War. (According to the materials of the Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Yaroslavl regions). Candidate of Science Dissertation L., 1974.

428. Mushkin S.G. The Communist Party is the organizer of nationwide assistance to the wounded and sick Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. Candidate of Science Dissertation Tbilisi, 1974. 211s.

429. Parshukov K.V. The Communist Party is the organizer of nationwide assistance to wounded Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. (Based on materials from Western Siberia). Diss.cand.ist. Sciences. Tomsk, 1968.

430. Radich A.M. Management of the party organizations of the Urals in restoring the health of the wounded and sick soldiers of the Soviet Army during the Great Patriotic War. Candidate of Science Dissertation Sverdlovsk, 1981. 234p.

431. Razumov V.I. The struggle of the Communist Party for the return of the wounded and sick soldiers to the combat formation of the Soviet Armed Forces (1941-1945). Candidate of Science Dissertation M., 1978. 220s.

432. Rubtsova I.Yu. The Communist Party was the organizer of nationwide assistance to home front hospitals during the Great Patriotic War. (According to the materials of the Kuibyshev, Penza, Ulyanovsk regions). Candidate of Science Dissertation Kuibyshev, 1985. 201p.

433. Sveshnikov A.V. Healthcare of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Candidate of Science Dissertation L., 1964. 298s.

434. Simontseva E.N. The CPSU was the organizer of nationwide assistance to the evacuated population during the Great Patriotic War. (Based on the materials of the party organizations of the Ivanovo, Kostroma, Yaroslavl regions). Candidate of Science Dissertation Ivanovo, 1981. 205s.

435. Sinitsin A.M. All-People's Aid to the Front. On the patriotic movements of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945 Candidate of Science Dissertation M., 1975. 341s.

436. Frolov D.F. Saratov regional party organization in the struggle for rendering assistance to the wounded soldiers of the Soviet Army during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Candidate of Science Dissertation Saratov, 1951.

437. Khudyakova R.A. The Communist Party was the organizer of the nationwide struggle for the health of the soldiers of the Soviet Army in the rear during the Great Patriotic War. (Based on the materials of Tatarstan). Candidate of Science Dissertation Kazan, 1970.

438. Chuchelin G.A. The activities of the party organizations of the Middle Volga region in the management of health care during the Great Patriotic War. (1941-1945). Candidate of Science Dissertation Kazan, 1974. 185s.

440. Britov V.M. Party organizations of the Upper Volga during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Abstract. dis.dokt.ist.sci. M., 1974.

441. Friendship O.V. The Great Patriotic War in the historical consciousness of the Soviet and post-Soviet society. Author's abstract, doctor's thesis. Sciences. Rostov-on-Don, 2000. 45s.

442. Efremov A.V. Party leadership of the military medical service of the army in the years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Abstract. Ph.D. thesis M., 1990. 23s.

443. Zakirov I.M. From the history of the restructuring of the national economy and the placement on the territory of Bashkiria during the Great Patriotic War of the evacuated population and industrial enterprises. Abstract, Ph.D. thesis. M., 1994.

444. Prikhodko E.V. National care for the wounded Soviet soldiers and families of the defenders of the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War. (Based on the materials of the North Caucasus). Abstract, Ph.D. thesis. Yaroslavl, 1981.

445. Sidorov S.G. The role of Soviet trade unions in achieving victory over the aggressor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Abstract, Ph.D. thesis. Saratov, 1985.

446. XIV Bibliographic indexes

449. History of historical science in the USSR. Soviet period October 1917-1967 Bibliography. M., 1980. 733s.

450. USSR during the Great Patriotic War (June 1941 September 1945). Index of Soviet literature for 1941-1967. M., 1972. T.Z.

451. Khramkova EL. Rear of Russia during the Great Patriotic War: 1941-1945. Bibliographic index of literature. Samara, 2000. 193p.

452. Yaroslavl during the Great Patriotic War. Yaroslavl, 1975. 32s.1. XIV Handbooks

453. Oksinenko V.O., Lopatenko A.A., Nikolaev G.R. Soviet nurses awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal. Reference book and catalog of museum funds. L., 1989.223