Geographical location of Montenegro on the map. Montenegro
- state in Southern Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula. In the southeast it borders with Albania, in the south it is separated from Italy by the Adriatic Sea, in the west it has borders with Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Length sea coast Montenegro (including the Malente Islands) is 293.5 km.
The name comes from the toponym Black Mountain.
Official name: Montenegro (Crna Gora).
Capital: Podgorica
The area of the land: 13,812 sq. km
Total Population: 620 thousand people
Administrative division: Montenegro is divided into 21 communities.
Form of government: Republic.
Head of State: The president.
Population composition: 57% are Montenegrins, 30.% are Serbs, 7.77% are Bosnians, 3% are Albanians, 1% are Russians, 0.42% are Roma.
Official language: Montenegrin. Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Albanian are also recognized as official languages.
Religion: 74.24% are Orthodox, 17.74% are Muslim, 3.54% are Catholic.
Internet domain: .me
Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz
Country dialing code: +382
Country barcode: 389
Climate
Montenegro has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by dry and hot summers and cool winters with heavy rainfall. Despite the fact that the country's territory is small, 4 climatic regions can be distinguished here: coast, rocky plateau, plain and highlands.
A narrow strip, 2 - 10 km wide, along the coast of Montenegro, bears the most pronounced features of the Mediterranean climate. Summer there is hot (average daytime temperature in July 28..30 C), and there is little precipitation (25 - 50 mm per month). The rainy period lasts from November to January, during which time 170 - 260 mm falls per month; in the north of the coast 1.5 times more precipitation falls than in the south. The average monthly temperature at night in January does not fall below 4..5 C, and during the day 11..13 C. Negative temperatures are not observed every year. The swimming season lasts 5 months from the end of May to October, the water temperature is 20..25 C.
A rocky plateau separates the coast from the interior of the country. It receives the most rainfall in Europe, as its southwestern slopes trap moist air coming from the sea. Thus, in the village of Krivosie, located above the Bay of Kotor, 480 mm of precipitation per day was recorded. In the town of Crkvice, the maximum annual rainfall fell - 5155 mm, and in the cultural capital of the country, Cetinje, located on a plateau near Mount Lovcen - the maximum average annual rainfall (3927 mm/year). Just like on the coast, in summer there is noticeably less precipitation (60 - 80 mm in July), and the rainiest month is November (500 - 700 mm).
The difference in altitude between the coast and the plateau is on average 1000 m, and the height of some peaks reaches 1700 m. Therefore, in the summer it is cooler here than on the coast; the average daily temperature in July varies from 23 to 27 C depending on the altitude. In winter, the average temperature at night is -3..-5 C, and during the day 5..8 C. Snow usually falls in December and persists until mid-March.
The plain is protected by a rocky plateau from direct influence Adriatic Sea, therefore, in summer it is hotter than on the coast (the average daytime temperature in July is 30..32oC), and in winter it is cooler: on average 0..3oC at night and 9..11oC during the day. Precipitation occurs mainly in autumn and winter. In July, 30 - 60 mm of precipitation falls, and in November 250 - 300 mm.
The climate of the highlands has subalpine features. In winter, the average temperature at night is -6..-9 C, and during the day 0..3oC, but it decreases with altitude. Snow usually falls at the end of November and persists until the end of March. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year, with a maximum in November (can fall from 100 to 300 mm per month depending on the orientation of the slope). Summer is cool, the average temperature during the day is 19..23 C (high in the mountains it can be colder!), and at night 8..10 C.
Best time to visit:
For beach holiday July and August are the best months - the hottest, driest and sunny months. In September, when the sea is still warm and the main wave of tourists has already subsided, you can also have a great holiday at sea. Diving, windsurfing, paragliding and other sports, as well as sightseeing, can be practiced almost all year round, except November-December. You can safely travel to mountainous regions from April to October. Ski season lasts from December to March.
Geography
Montenegro is a small country located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula on the Adriatic Sea coast. Its area is only 13.8 thousand km2. However, 4 different natural and climatic regions can be distinguished on the territory of the country: coastal, plateau, highland and flat, leading to Lake Skadar.
In the west, Montenegro borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the coast with Croatia, in the north and northeast with Serbia, and in the east with Albania. From the south it is limited by the Adriatic Sea, the length coastline is about 300 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km, of which 56 km are sandy beaches.
The coast of Montenegro, only 2-10 km wide, is sandwiched between the sea and a rocky plateau that falls steeply towards it. Montenegro is home to one of the best harbors in Europe - the Bay of Kotor (protrudes into the coast for more than 20 km), consisting of several spacious bays connected by narrow canals. For a long time there was a belief that the bay was a fjord, but now it is believed that the Bay of Kotor is the remains of a river canyon that once existed here. Strong tectonic and karst processes led to its gradual destruction.
A karst plateau rises above the coast; the terrain here is harsh, but beautiful in its own way. The rocks dry out quickly: even the heaviest annual rainfalls cannot significantly moisten the soil, so there are few plants and animals here. Rare areas of fertile land are found only on small plains and crater-shaped depressions. The Lovcen National Park is located here.
The basin of Lake Skadar, the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Bjelopavlica plain and the Nikšić field make up a flat region with an elevation difference of 350 m. The bulk of the population of Montenegro lives in the flat region. There are two here largest cities countries - Podgorica and Niksic, and also the Skadar Lake National Park is located.
In the north of the country, northeast of the Piva, Komarnica and Moraca rivers, there is a highland region. In the highlands, 4 large mountain ranges can be distinguished: Visitor, Durmitor and Komovi (they form the Dinaric Highlands) and Prokletiye (Cursed Mountains). The height of the peaks reaches more than 2000 m above sea level. The most high point Montenegro - Mount Bobotov Kuk (2522 m) is located in the Durmitor massif.
In the highlands there are pastures and forests, and numerous mountain lakes. The rivers Piva, Tara, Moraca and their tributaries have carved narrow canyons with steep banks in the rocks. The Tara River canyon is the largest in Europe and the second in the world, its depth reaches 1300 m. There are also two national parks in this region - Biogradska Gora and Durmitor.
Flora and fauna
The flora of Montenegro is very rich, despite the harsh conditions in the mountainous regions that occupy most of the country. Here, on just 0.14% of Europe's territory, 2,833 plant species grow, accounting for almost a quarter of the species of European flora. On the coast you can find olive and fruit groves, cypress trees, palm trees and grapes. However, most of the coastal cliffs are covered with maquis - dense thickets of evergreen shrubs characteristic of the Mediterranean.
Higher in the mountains there are oak and coniferous forests. The Bjelasica mountain range, where the Biogradska Gora National Park is located, is covered with mixed forest. There are 86 tree species here, including spruce, fir, beech, elm, oak, maple and even rowan. Alpine edelweiss, which has become rare, as well as mountain cornflowers and violets grow in the mountains; such vegetation is typical for the belt of alpine meadows.
In the area of another national park"Skadar Lake" area is completely different. The main part of its coast is marshy, overgrown with reeds, and the surface of the lake is covered with a carpet of yellow and white water lilies. Many types of vegetation are endemic, i.e. found only in this area.
Animal world
The fauna of Montenegro is also rich. Predators in mountainous areas include wolves, bears, and foxes. Their prey includes deer, fallow deer, chamois, wild goats, hares and gophers. There are wild boars in the valleys. The Adriatic Sea is home to several hundred species of fish, including sea bass, mullet, red mullet, as well as shrimp, lobster, and octopus.
The rivers are rich in trout, perch, carp, catfish, carp and pike. Lake Skadar is home to 50 species of fish; the local population hunts mainly for bleak and carp. In addition, Lake Skadar is a permanent or temporary habitat for 270 bird species. Here you can see colonies of pelicans, cormorants, herons and black ibises. The lake attracts bird watchers from all over the world.
Attractions
On the territory of Montenegro, many historical and cultural monuments have been preserved, and most of them, despite the numerous wars that have swept through this land, are in excellent condition. Hundreds of medieval monasteries and ancient cities, dozens balneological resorts, unique natural complexes of the southern Balkans, tens of kilometers of beaches of the Montenegrin Riviera, good-natured and friendly people - these are far from full list the merits of this country.
Even during the unified Yugoslavia, Montenegro was the main tourist area of the country. Thanks to the varied terrain, clear mountain rivers, warm sea (considered, by the way, the cleanest in Europe), luxurious coastline (length is 290 km, beaches - 73 km, 56 km of which are sandy, which is quite rare for this region), excellent climate and status as a European ecological park, this tiny country is one of the recognized centers of tourism in Europe.
Banks and currency
The monetary unit is the euro (coins 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 euro cents, 1 and 2 euros; banknotes 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 euros).
The National Bank of Montenegro is open from Monday to Friday (10:30-14:00). Commercial banks are open from 08:00 to 19:00, on Saturdays - from 08:00 to 13:00, Sunday - closed. On weekends you can use exchange offices. There are many ATMs in Montenegro, through which you can make transactions with foreign currency. ATMs are installed in banks, airports and some hotels. Some shops and hotels accept credit cards. In the bank you can always find several employees who speak English or Russian.
Useful information for tourists
Montenegrins are extremely tolerant of manifestations of interethnic differences, even the issue of interethnic conflicts in the Balkans. But it is not recommended to talk about politics or the collapse of the SFRY.
The crime rate is low. The police strictly suppress any manifestations of deception foreign tourists, but at the everyday level there are frequent cases of petty fraud or an allegedly suddenly appeared language barrier, so you should be especially careful when discussing financial issues and never give money in advance, before the service is provided.
Tips in restaurants usually amount to 5% of the bill.
For drinking, it is better to use mineral or bottled water.
The price level in the country is quite low, but varies markedly depending on location. In coastal areas everything is about 25% more expensive.
Economic-geographical location
Montenegro is a small state in southeastern Europe, located on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. Montenegro also includes 14 islands.
Montenegro borders on:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (northwest),
- Croatia (west),
- Serbia (northeast),
- Republic of Kosovo (east),
- Albania (southeast).
The Adriatic Sea washes Montenegro from the southwest.
The total territory of the country is 13,812 thousand square meters. km. The capital of Montenegro is Podgorica.
On the territory of the country there are: flat central areas, mountain ranges of the eastern part, the coast of the Adriatic Sea.
In the north-west of Montenegro there is the Bay of Kotor, where the largest ports and famous beaches of Montenegro are located. The main beaches are located on the Budva Riviera.
The highland area is located northeast of the Komarnica, Piva, and Moraca rivers. In the highlands, the Dinaric Highlands are distinguished, formed by the mountain ranges Durmitor, Visitor, Komov, Belasitsa, Sinyavina and Prokletie, or the Cursed Mountains. In the south are the karst mountains of Orien, Rumia, and Lovcen.
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The mountain peaks (about 70) have a height of more than 2000 m. The highest point is the Bobotov Kuk peak (2522 m) in the Durmitor massif.
A karst plateau rises above the Adriatic coast. Patches of fertile land occur on isolated small plains and in crater-shaped craters.
The plain occupies less than 20% of the country's territory. The flat region (Montenegrin Plain) with a height difference of 350 m consists of: the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Belopavlica Plain, the Skadar Lake basin, and the Niksic field.
Note 1
Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises play an important role in the industry of Montenegro. The woodworking, engineering, tobacco and food industries are developed. Agriculture is dominated by grain crops, viticulture, subtropical fruit growing, and mountain pasture livestock raising.
Climatic conditions
Climatic conditions in different regions of the country differ significantly:
- the central foothill regions of the country - the climate is temperate continental, a lot of rainfall, mild winters and hot summers;
- Adriatic coast - Mediterranean climate, characterized by short-term rains (winter and spring), in summer there is almost no precipitation; winters are mild and summers are moderately hot;
- in the mountain ranges there is a subalpine climate, a harsh mountain climate, characterized by cold winters and moderately warm summers.
The Adriatic coast is dominated by dry and hot summers with rainy and mild winters. average temperature in summer it is 25-26°C. In winter, the temperature does not drop below 7°C (Ulcinj) and 9°C (Herceg-Novia). The total number of sunny hours per year is 2700. In summer, the sea water temperature is 25-28°C.
In the central lowlands, temperatures drop to 5°C in winter and reach 27°C in summer.
Mountain regions are characterized by relatively cold winters (from −10 to +5°C) and moderately warm summers (19-25°C).
Note 2
The large amount of precipitation is due to the presence of mountainous terrain and the proximity of the sea. The average annual precipitation, depending on the region, is from 500 to 1500 mm. IN separate parts annual precipitation can reach 3000 mm. In the mountains, the height of the snow cover is 1-3 m; snow lies here for up to 5 months a year.
Natural resources
Water resources. The country's rivers belong to the Danube and Adriatic Sea basins. The largest and most significant rivers include the following rivers: Tara, Lim, Cheotina, Moraca, Zeta, Boyana. Most rivers are of mountain origin, flowing in winding and deep canyons. The largest freshwater lake, Skadar (369.7 sq. km.), located in a karst depression, and Lake Shasskoe are the largest lakes in the country. Most mountain lakes are of glacial origin.
Minerals. The country is not rich in mineral resources. Only hard coal is present in sufficient quantities as a strategic energy source. The country has developed deposits of aluminum ore, zinc (Suplya Stena, Brskovo, Mojkovac), lead, and bauxite (Niksic). Oil and natural gas are imported from other countries.
Natural and recreational resources. The clearest Adriatic Sea, mountain landscapes, and mild climate make the area attractive for recreation and recreation. Mountain ranges are attractive for hiking, mountaineering and ski slopes (in winter time). The water in the lakes is crystal clear. The lake is often called “mountain eyes” for its transparent greenish-blue color. The presence of national parks and reserves provides favorable conditions for eco-tourism. On the Adriatic coast holiday season lasts from April to October.
Flora and fauna
Forests occupy more than 40% of the country's territory. The forests are mostly coniferous and mixed.
On the Adriatic coast there are numerous palm trees, various cacti (some up to 5 meters high), oleanders and magnolia.
Bananas grow in Herceg Novi. Fruit plants include pomegranates, kiwis, peaches, grapes, tangerines and oranges.
In the high mountain meadows there are many flowering, rare plants, in particular edelweiss.
Lake Skadar is famous for its water lilies, lilies and lotuses.
Large animals live in Montenegro: deer, elk, bears, fallow deer, wild boars, wolves, lynxes. There are martens and turtles.
The coast is rich in various species of fish, many trout and carp. Many octopuses and squids live here. In the Bay of Kotor, mussels and oysters are grown.
The avifauna is presented various types birds: pelicans, cormorants, herons, swans, black ibises. You can meet the golden eagle.
Almost 10% of the territory of Montenegro is occupied by nature reserves and national parks:
- Durmitor. UNESCO heritage. Huge species diversity of flora and fauna. On the territory of the park there are natural monuments: Tara River Canyon, Black Lake, Ice Cave, invisible canyon.
- Biogradska mountain. Virgin forests, including unique ecosystems, a huge variety of plants.
- Lovcen. The park is represented by a variety of relief forms.
- Skadar Lake. The largest wading bird reserve in Europe. There are many ancient fortresses and monasteries in the park.
Montenegro located in southeastern Europe, on Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. The name of the state comes from the toponym Black Mountain. total area territory of the country amounts to 13.8 thousand sq. km. Capital of Montenegro- city Podgorica(formerly Titograd).
Montenegro is washed from SouthAdriatic Sea. State in the West Borders with Croatia, in North-west borders with Bosnia And Herzegovina,in the north-east- With Serbia, in the east- With Kosovo And Albaniain the southeast.
Total length of land borders states is 614 km. With the Republic of Croatia- 14 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km, with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo - 203 km, with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.
Before June 2006 Montenegro was part of the confederation State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The country occupied 13.5% of its total area. Independence Montenegro received June 3, 2006.
The territory of the country conventionally consists of three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, the relatively flat central part of the country, as well as the mountain systems of the east of the country. In the central part of the country there are two of its largest cities - Podgorica And Nikisic.
Continental coastline Montenegro stretches for almost 300 km. The state includes 14 sea islands. Length of coastline of these islands is 15.6 km. In North-west Montenegro has a large bay called Boka Kotorska, which crashes into land on 29.6 km. Its water surface area amounts to 87.3 km².
Total length of beaches Montenegro is 73 km, sea water transparency in some places exceeds 35 m.
There are many rivers on the territory of Montenegro. Near 52,2 % rivers of the country belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47,8 % belong to the Adriatic Sea basin. The longest of which are: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Cheotina(100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) And Boyana (30 km).
Three Montenegrin rivers ( Moraca, Zeta And Beer) flow throughout the country throughout its entire length. River Boyana Previously it was the only navigable river in the country. It is currently no longer navigable.
Almost all the country's rivers are mountainous; they form fairly deep canyons. Tara River Canyon counts deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. Its depth is approx. 1200 meters.
Famous Skadar Lake is the largest lake not only the country, but also the entire Balkan Peninsula. The total area of its water surface amounts to 369.7 km². Two thirds of the territory of this lake belongs to Montenegro, and one third belongs to Albania.
The second largest lake in Montenegro is Shasskoye Lake, area 3.64 km². The lake is located near Ulcinj. There are also 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin. Their total area is 3.89 km².
The territory of Montenegro is mountainous. Highest point in the country is a mountain Bobotov-Cook, (mountain range Durmitor). Its height is 2522 m. The areas adjacent to the Adriatic coast are located in a zone of narrow coastal plains, which are interrupted by mountain spurs and rocky headlands.
In northern Montenegro climate temperate continental, on the Adriatic coast - Mediterranean.
In the coastal region of the country, summers are often long, dry and quite hot. Average summer air temperature here is +23-25 °C. Winter in this part of the country is short and cool, with average temperatures from +3 to -7 °С. In the mountainous regions of Montenegro, summer is not so hot, the temperature here ranges from +19 to 25 °C. Winters are cooler here - from +5 to −10 °C. Precipitation in this part of the country falls mainly in the form of snow. On Mount Durmitor it may fall out up to five meters level. And here on the coast and in the basin of Lake Skadar snow falls extremely rarely. Total precipitation in Montenegro from 500 to 1500 mm per year. Precipitation falls mainly in the form of rain. In the mountains near the sea coast, in some places it rains over 3000 mm.
In the northern regions In Montenegro there is usually snow until 5 months per year. Number of sunshine hours per year in Igalo is 2386 , and in Ulcinj - 2700 . Maximum sea water temperature in Montenegro - 27.1°C. Average sea temperature in summer amounts to 24.7°C.
Dinaric mountain range(Orjen, Lovcen) rise above the coast in the form of a giant canopy. It prevents the Mediterranean climate from penetrating into the interior of the country.
Best time to visit the country is the period from May to September-October. Tourist season in Montenegro it usually starts in April and continues until November. Sea temperature within seven months fluctuates from +20 C to +26 C. The swimming season in Montenegro is equal in duration to the tourist season.
Visas, entry rules, customs rules
Currently, for entry into Montenegro for a period of less than 30 days citizens of Russia no visa required. It is only necessaryinvitation or travel voucher.
To stay in the country more than 30 days,needs to be formalized visa valid for 3 or 6 months. This can be done at the Embassy of Montenegro. Extend your residence permit tourists can also travel directly to Montenegro. For this purpose they will need to contact to the police department at your place of residence, to the migration officer.
For visa processing charged Consular fee In Euro. To obtain a visa for a stay of more than 30 days, the consular fee for citizens of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine is €60 . Additionally for a child included in the parents’ passport, will be charged €6 . Consular fee for a child with their own passport amounts to €60 .
For registration for CIS citizens one-time tourist visa for a period of less than 30 days Consular fee is charged in the amount of €20 . Additionally for a child included in the parents' passport, you will need to pay €6 .
International passport to enter the country must be valid at least 2 weeks after the expected end of the trip.
For citizens of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus who do not have prior hotel reservations or a travel voucher when entering the country it will be enough to present a valid passport and return ticket. The tourist in this case must register at the hotel or with the owners of the rented apartments within 24 hours after entering Montenegro.
In Montenegro also tourist tax applies. It is about 1 Euro per person per day of stay in the country. Register a tourist can visit a Tourist Organization or a travel agency. This can also be done at the police station with the inspector for foreigners.
When entering Montenegro with pets, such as a cat or a dog, need to Have a certificate from a veterinarian with you. It must contain information about the origin and health status of the animal. There must be a note stating that the animal does not suffer from rabies. You can obtain such a certificate from a veterinarian. The animal undergoes veterinary control at airports in Russia and Montenegro.
When departing from Montenegro need to pay airport tax at the rate of 15 euros.
Import and export foreign currency and securities in foreign currency can be without limitation. Only large amounts of cash need to be declared.
Persons aged 18 years and older, regardless of their nationality, can duty free import into the country up to 200 cigarettes, up to 100 cigarillos, or 50 cigars, or up to 250 grams of tobacco. Also allowed in Montenegro duty free import up to 1 liter of strong alcoholic drinks and up to 1 liter of wine. You can import up to 250 ml of cologne and a reasonable amount of perfume and other perfumes.
Personal items and sports equipment can be imported to Montenegro only within the limits of personal needs. This includes: 1 binoculars, 1 laptop, 1 shotgun with ammo kit, 1 bicycle, 1 set of fishing equipment, 2 tennis rackets, up to 2 photo and 1 video camera, 1 tent, 1 pair alpine skiing, 1 musical instrument, 1 CD or MP3 player.
Most of these items no need to declare. Written a temporary import declaration will be required only for the import of video cameras, VCRs and other consumer electronics.
To country cannot be imported drugs, psychotropic and explosive substances, poisons. Besides, import prohibited counterfeit products, pesticides and some medicines, raw gold and coins. Pets can be imported and exported only if all relevant veterinary standards are observed.
From Montenegro can be exported a reasonable amount of perfume, tobacco products and alcoholic beverages. Cannot be exported antiques from the country, unless they are accompanied by appropriate documentary evidence of the legality of their purchase.
Upon entering the territory of Montenegro by car from June 15, 2008 you need to pay environmental fee. The amount of this fee for vehicles with no more than 8 seats, is 10 euros. For cars weighing no more than 5 tons will have to pay 30 euros, more than 5 tons - 50 euros.For entry by trucks will need to be paid 80-150 euros. To confirm that the fee has been paid, a special sticker is placed on the windshield of the car. It is valid for 11 months.
Population, political status
Population of Montenegro totals about 700 thousand people.The bulk of the population make up Montenegrins And Serbs.Albanians live mainly in the Ulcinj area. Bosniaks live in the north of Montenegro. They also live here Greeks And Croats.
IN last years Foreigners began to purchase real estate in Montenegro. Now there are up to 40 thousand foreigners here who permanently reside in the coastal areas. The main part of them are citizens of the CIS, there is also a small amount Germans And British.
National composition of the population: Montenegrins- near 50 % ,Serbs - 31,99 % , Bosnians - 7,77 % , Albanians - 5,03 % , Croats - 1,10 % , Russians - 1,00 % , gypsies - 0,42 % , other- 5,56 % .
Official languages Montenegro are: Serbian (85,7 % ) And Albanian (5,3 % ). Used in the country Serbian language, Jekavian dialect with equal use of the Cyrillic and Latin alphabet. Also used Bosnian And Croatian.
Administratively, the country's territory consists of 21 municipalities(region, community). These municipalities are named after their central cities.
To the municipality Podgoricaincludes two urban districts: urban district Zeta and urban district Tuzi. Central city districts Zeta is Golubovtsi. It should be noted that Zeta represents the name historical region, and also ancient name Montenegro.
Capital of Montenegro is Podgorica. Largest cities in the country: Podgorica, Niksic, Pljevlja, Bijelo Polje, Herceg Novi, Berane And Cetinje.
In the early 1990s Yugoslavia actually collapsed. Montenegro remained after that in one federal state with Serbia.May 21, 2006 year in the referendum 55,5% Montenegrins voted to leave the federation with Serbia. June 3, 2006 Montenegro declared its independence. The state was recognized by the international community.
October 20, 2007 year was adopted Constitution of Montenegro. According to this constitution, Montenegro is a free, democratic, environmentally friendly state.
Power in the country divided into legislative, executive And judicial. President of Montenegro formally not included in the system of separation of powers. He elected for a five-year term during a universal direct secret ballot.
Legislature carried out in the country unicameral parliament which is called Assembly. It consists of 81 deputy Members of Parliament are elected 4 year during direct secret voting. Elected 76 deputies, and also 5 Albanian representatives are nominated from the Albanian minority.
Executive branch carried out in the country Government (Vlada). The composition of the government, at the proposal of the President, is approved by the Assembly.
Judicial system consists of two levels. Supreme Court Montenegro ensures the unity of law enforcement practice throughout the country. There are also in Montenegro constitutional Court.
Executive and legislative authorities Montenegro is controlled by " Coalition for European Montenegro» - DPSC And Social Democratic Party of Montenegro.
December 16, 2008 Montenegro submitted an application to join the European Union. The country's government is also seeking rapprochement with NATO.
What to see
On the shores of the Bay of Kotor There are a large number of interesting attractions. The first settlers in these places appeared in ancient times. The bay itself, famous for its beauty, is also of great interest to tourists. Best view it opens up from the adjacent rocky plateau. There are several bays here, which are connected to each other by narrow channels. These bays extend more than 20 km into the coast.
In its farthest part you can see the medieval city Kotor. He is architectural monument UNESCO. The old town of Kotor is located between the sea and the spurs mountain range Lovcen. The main attraction of the city counts Cathedral Saint Tryphon. This cathedral was erected in 1166 year. It was built on the foundations of an earlier church, which was dedicated to the patron and protector of the city. The height of the city's fortress walls is up to 20 meters and the width is up to 15 meters. These fortress walls rise all the way to the fortress of St. Ivan, located high in the mountains. In the bay, opposite Perast, there are picturesque small islands Gospa od Škrpela And Saint George.
City Herceg-Novilezhit at the foot of the Orien mountain range. It is located at the exit from the Bay of Kotor. Here you can see a unique Botanical Garden , which has been formed over several centuries. Currently, the garden features a large variety of different types tropical and subtropical plants. The most famous monument of history and architecture of the city counts Orthodox monastery Savina (XI century). Tourists are also attracted bastions, National Museum And old residential building.
City Budva is located in the central part of the country's coast. The old city is surrounded by high fortress walls. These walls were built in XV century even before the Turkish invasion. In the old part of the city you can wander through the narrow winding streets. In the center located museum, was here before city citadel. Near the citadel there are three ancient churches: Church of St. Ivan from the 7th century, 9th century St. Mary's Church And Holy Trinity Church. The latter was erected in 1804 year and is an Orthodox church in the Byzantine style. Not far from Budva there is a famous island hotel Saint Stephen. It has completely preserved the appearance of a medieval city.
Ancient Bar first mentioned in IX century. In fact, it was built by the Romans. A fortress has been preserved here since the Turkish invasion Hi-Nehai. In the city, tourists can also see 12th century St. George's Cathedrals And Saint Nicholas of the 14th century. Near the Old Bar, in Mirowice, growing one of the oldest olive trees in the world. His age is over 2000 years.
Ulcinj is the most southern city Montenegro. There are long, beautiful beaches here. In addition, you can see historical sights here. City Museum is a real historical and cultural complex. Tourists can also see remains of the Venetian walls and visit ethnographical museum. The architecture of the old city shows the influence of different styles and eras.
On the territory of Montenegro in different parts there are 4 national parks. "Durmitor" located in the mountains in the northwest, a park " Biogradska Gora" located in the north, "Lovcen" - in the mountains near the coast, A " Skadar Lake" located on the plain in the southeast of the country. The largest area is occupied by the territory of the National Park Durmitor". Here you can also see the famous Tara River Canyon. This canyon is considered deepest in Europe and is located under the protection of UNESCO. Tourists can go to excursion along it on rafts or rafts. There is also a picturesque medieval fortress . Very beautiful canyons of the rivers Piva, Moraca, Susica, and glacial lakes , which are located in the mountainous part of Montenegro.
Biograd Forest is one of the last intact forests in Europe. The beautiful Skadar Lake. They live here large bird colonies. In the national park" Lovcen"you can admire the unique mountain landscape. In addition, here on Lake Peak located Mausoleum of Peter II Petrovich Njegus.
Montenegro is a fairly religious country. There are many monasteries and churches here. In total, there are about fifty monasteries in the country, over thirty of them are active.
Cultural capital of Montenegro- city Cetinje, lies on the slopes of Mount Lovcen. This city was founded in XIII century. It is a real museum under open air. Its main shrine counts Cetinje Monastery, built during the period from 1484 to 1785. The monastery is located in the very center of the city. Within the walls of this monastery unique sacred relics are kept, such as: embalmed hand of Saint John the Baptist And part of the cross on which the Savior was crucified. There are also the first printed book of the South Slavs - "Octoechos", which appeared in 1494 year.
Ostrog Monastery was founded in XVII century. Its peculiarity is that it is carved into the rock at a height 900 m above sea level. Numerous pilgrims from all over the world come here. This monastery houses relics of St. Basil of Ostrog- a miracle worker-healer who is revered throughout the Orthodox world.
Not far from Kolasin located Moraca Monastery. This monastery was built over 750 years ago. He stands in picturesque place over the stormy Moraca River. Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in the Moraca monastery is the tomb of rulers. In this temple you can see magnificent frescoes. Among them there is a unique cycle, which is dedicated to to the prophet Elijah. The monastery also contains Church of St. Nicholas And Church of St. Archdeacon Stephen.
The territory on which modern Montenegro is located was previously part of the Roman Empire. In those days it was called Ducla (Doclea). The first Slavic tribes began to settle in this region of the Balkan Peninsula in VI century. The Balkans became Slavic in VIII century.
Christianity appeared on the territory of Montenegro in VII century. When the Empire was divided into Western, Roman, Eastern and Byzantine, a border passed through this region. In addition, the churches here were divided into Roman And Orthodox. This determined the historical position of Montenegro on the border of Slavic and Mediterranean peoples. It mixed different cultures and economic systems.
The state included the territory near Lake Skadar, as well as nearby mountains. First Prince of Ducles was Vladimir. Dyuklya was renamed to Zetu. IN 1040 year it gained independence and became the first independent state in the Balkans to receive Byzantine recognition. The country reached its greatest prosperity at the end XI century. Then it controlled almost the entire territory of modern Bosnia and Serbia.
The modern name Montenegro was first mentioned in the chronicles of the monastery of St. Nicholas in Vranzhin related to 1296 year. This is how the area around Mount Lovcen was named. It seemed black from the dense forest growing on it.
In the Middle Ages, Zeta was a small feudal state. The country had to win its independence from the encroachments of Albania, Venice, and then Turkey. The state was led by various dynasties:Vojisavljevic, Balsic And Crnojevic. IN XV century under the reign Krnojevicin the town of Cestinje were built fortress And monastery. This place began to be considered a symbol of spiritual and state independence. IN 1493 During their reign, the first printing house in the Balkans was created.
Then, in 1496 year the state came under Turkish domination. The invaders annexed Zeta to the province of Skadar. But even at this time, Montenegro enjoyed greater autonomy rights. Independence from Turkey the state was able to obtain 1645 year. After that, at the head of the country stood metropolitans, who enjoyed very great spiritual influence, as well as Assembly of the People of Montenegro.
IN 1697 year the Assembly appointed metropolitan Danilo I, from which it originates Petrovich dynasty. IN XVIII-XIX centuries, Montenegro won several victories in battles with superior Turkish troops. This contributed to her complete liberation from Turkish influence. In many ways, these victories were facilitated by allied relations with Russia. During the same period, Montenegro gained access to the Adriatic coast and began to control the port of Bar. Results of the liberation wars 1875-1878 years received official recognition in the peace treaty signed in San Stefano in February 1878 year, and also at the Berlin Congress in summer 1878 of the year. After this Berlin Congress, Montenegro (together with Serbia and Romania) received state status, recognized internationally. Day July 13 became a national holiday.
At the end XIX century, statehood is rapidly developing in Montenegro. IN 1879 year by his decree Prince Nicholas established State Council, ministries And Supreme Court. IN 1888 were adopted in the country Civil Code And Property Law.
First Montenegrin constitution appeared December 19, 1905 of the year. IN 1910 year Parliament (People's Assembly) proclaimed Montenegro Constitutional Monarchy. Prince Nicholas became King Nicholas I.
During this period in the country industry began to develop rapidly. Prince Nicholas's daughter, Helena, was the wife of King Victor Emmanuel of Italy. By agreement with him, Italy invested 10 million liras in the development of the Montenegrin economy. With these funds, a port was built in the country in Bar. There was also Railway , which connected Bar, Virpazar, Podgorica and Danilovgrad.
During the First World War a country fought on the side of the Entente. The army of Montenegro fought with the troops of Austria-Hungary under the command of Serbia. After the end of the war Montenegro became the only winning country, which lost her independence. Serbia managed to implement the idea " Greater Serbia", creating the kingdom of the South Slavs, called Yugoslavia. Montenegro joined it by decision of the Assembly in Podgorica November 11, 1918 of the year. The country lost its sovereignty, army and royal dynasty. Part of the country's population protested against unification with Serbia. Armed uprisings began to break out, the Serbian army successfully suppressed them. In the mountainous regions of the country, resistance to Serbia continued even before 1920 of the year.
Montenegro became part of the province Zetska Banovin A. This territory became one of the poorest provinces in Yugoslavia. During the Second World War were posted here bases of Tito's partisan movement. After the victory and the formation of a communist state, Yugoslavia became a federation. Montenegro was then one of the seven republics that were part of it. With subsidies from the center, industry began to develop in the republic. IN 1980s years, the active development of the tourism industry began here.
At first 1990s Yugoslavia collapsed. Montenegro at this time remained in the same federal state with Serbia. At first, this state continued to bear the former name of Yugoslavia, and with 2003 of the year - Serbia and Montenegro. The fighting did not affect Montenegro. However the country has suffered quite seriously from international sanctions, which were imposed on the union state. In the referendum held May 21, 2006 of the year, 55,5% Residents of Montenegro voted to leave the federation with Serbia. June 3, 2006 Montenegro declared its independence. June 15 Montenegro's independence was recognized by Serbia. Montenegro became an independent state.
International trade
Main export products in Montenegro are: aluminum(more 50% total exports), metal products, and mineral oils. Montenegrin import make up cars, mineral fuel, power equipment And cars.Main foreign trade partners Montenegro can include the following countries: Serbia, Italy, Germany, Greece, Slovenia And Croatia.
The shops
Shops in Montenegro are usually open daily With 8:00 before 20:00 . In tourist centers they can only close in 23:00 . Many shops(and even pharmacies) closed during the day.
Usually break in shops happens with 13 before 17 hours, but maybe from 13 before 16 , and with 12 before 17 . In large and resort cities It's not hard to find stores that are open around the clock. Some stores work in Sunday. Numerous private retail outlets work on your own schedule.
The price level in the country is quite low, when compared with Western Europe. But compared to Turkey and Egypt, it is much higher. You need to know that prices vary depending on the region of the country. In coastal areas everything is approximately 25% more expensive. And here hotels, on the contrary, are more expensive in the interior of the country.
Very convenient for tourists that are now in Montenegro Euro is the official currency. There is no need to change currency and lose on commissions.
As souvenirs tourists usually bring from Montenegro T-shirts with resort symbols, dishes, as well as various shell crafts. Montenegrins are also famous alcoholic drinks.
Demography
Annual population growth country is about 3,5 % . Population density - 44.9 people/km².
Industry
Traditionally main industry in Montenegro were ferrous metallurgy(center - Niksic), aluminum recycling(Podgorica) and electrical industry (Cetinje). Sufficiently developed in the country rubber,textile (Bijelo Polje) And chemical industry. In Kotor produce bearings. Shipbuilding Center And ship repair are Biela And Bar. Light And food industry most developed in Niksic And Bare. Woodworking centers are considered: Giving birth, Berane, Pljevlja And Niksic.
Currently, the Montenegrin economy is experiencing rapid growth. The main industries are developing, as well as agriculture and tourism.
The largest enterprises countries are: Aluminum smelter in Podgorica, Iron and Steel Works in Niksic, TPP And coal mine"Pljevlya." The country is forced to import ferroalloys,electrodes, hot rolled sheet, petroleum products, and electricity.
The country's rivers have very high energy potential - 115 kW per 1 km² territories. But, for various reasons, hydropower is underdeveloped in Montenegro.
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world Montenegro is quite rich and diverse. Here on 0,14% grows on the territory of Europe 2833 plant varieties. This represents almost a quarter of the species of European flora.
On the coast of the country grow olive And fruit groves, cypress trees, palm trees And grape. Most of the area of coastal cliffs covered maquis, which are dense thickets of evergreen shrubs. This vegetation is characteristic of the Mediterranean.
In mountainous areas Montenegro meet oak And coniferous forests. On the Belasitsa mountain range is located national park "Biogradska Gora". It is covered with mixed forest. Trees grow here 86 breeds Among the main breeds can be distinguished: spruce, fir, beech, elm, oak, maple And mountain ash. Rare alpine plants also grow in the mountains. edelweiss, mountain cornflowers And violets. These species are characteristic of the alpine meadow belt.
Another famous national park of Montenegro is located on Lake Skadar. Completely different types of plants grow here. The area here is marshy and covered with reeds. On the surface of the lake you can see a large number of yellow and white water lilies. Many types of vegetation in Montenegro are endemic. This means that they only grow in a given area.
Animal world Montenegro is also quite interesting. In the mountainous regions of the country There are such predatory animals as: wolves, the Bears And foxes. They are hunting deer, chamois,wild goats,hares And gophers. Found in the valleys wild boars.
In the Adriatic Sea There are a large number of different species of fish. Meet here sea bass, mullet, red mullet, and shrimp, lobster, octopus.
In the rivers of the country The following types of fish live: trout, perch, carp, catfish, carp And pike. In Lake Skadar lives 50 species of fish. Locals mine here bleak And carp. In addition, he lives permanently or temporarily on Lake Skadar 270 bird species. Colonies meet here pelicans, cormorants, herons And black ibises. Bird watchers from all over the world come to this lake.
More 41 % area of Montenegro covered forests and woodlands. On pastures have to 39,58 % common territory.
According to the Constitution of Montenegro, the republic is “ eco-friendly state" Near 8,1 % its territory is under various environmental regimes. There are many national reserves in the country, the main ones being: Durmitor, Lovcen, Biogradska Gora And Skadar Lake.
Banks and money
Driving a car in Montenegro has its own characteristics, which you must be aware of. must know tourists. Primarily for road trips around the country necessary stock up on the latest version road maps good scale. This is due to the fact that most of the road maps sold do not include the major changes that occurred in the country after the last Balkan war of 1992-1996. Some of the roads, which were previously of good quality, have now actually fallen into complete disrepair. In addition, during this time a large number of new roads with good coverage have appeared in Montenegro. This problem is especially pressing in the mountainous regions of the country.
Roads throughout the country are not of very good quality according to European standards. Even the best highways have only two lanes in each direction. All other roads have only one lane in each direction. In addition, moving around the country by car is complicated by the mountainous terrain and the large number of freight transit vehicles on the roads. For tourists recommended travel by car in Montenegro at a speed no higher than 60-70 km/hour
Bus service in Montenegro it is developed quite well. Transport runs according to a strict schedule. However, the country's bus fleet is already very outdated; the buses lack ventilation and air conditioning. And due to the mountainous terrain, bus trips take longer than regular roads. This is associated with bus delays and breakdowns.
Public transport in cities, too, the car park is mostly outdated. Travel coupons are sold at any newsstand. This coupon is needed compost upon entering the salon. You can also travel by tram or bus pay by giving money to the driver. However, the fare in this case increases almost 2 times. Reusable tickets can be purchased at tobacco kiosks.
In Montenegro no internal rail service. The only existing line leads from Bar to Serbian Belgrade. This route passes through Podgorica and Bialo Polje. Up to 4 trains run daily in this direction. One of them is night and has sleeping places.
In Montenegro there is four types of trains: "express"(express)" proverbs"(quick)" brzy" (high-speed) and " wayfarer" (passenger). Prices for different categories of trains differ from each other, but they are all quite low. Night trains to Belgrade have only compartment cars. The cost of travel in a second class compartment with three seats is approx. 4 Euro. A trip in a four-seater coupe will cost approximately 3 euro, and in a six-seater - in 2,5 Euro. Directions to sleeping car first class costs about 7 Euro. Baggage up to the established limit (about 50 kg) is not paid for.
IN summer season the number of trains increases according to summer schedule. It is not at all easy to buy a ticket for a passing train. Recommended reserve seats in advance. Most trains in Montenegro have non-smoking compartments. Travel cards Inter-Rail" And Euro-Rail"do not operate in the country. Podgorica and Bar train stations are equipped with luggage storage rooms. To collect your luggage, you must present your passport.
In the bar available sea port . There is a daily ferry connection to Italy (line Bar-Bari). The Adriatic Highway connects all places on the Adriatic coast. Navy Montenegro consists of more 40 ships. The country also has
A distinctive feature of agricultural production Montenegro is no industrial pollution. A country grows only organic products.The main commercial crop Montenegro is tobacco.
The country also Vegetable production is quite well developed (peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers) and fruits (apples, grapes, citrus fruits). Montenegro is famous for its wines.
Cultivated in Montenegro wheat And corn. However, their gross harvest is not able to satisfy the internal needs of the republic.
The largest enterprise industry is agro-industrial plant « July 13 - Plantage».
Mountain and pasture livestock farming plays a very important role in the agriculture of Montenegro: sheep breeding And Breeding cattle.
Buyers here don't try to deceive in a store or market. But haggle Montenegrins love and know how. People with has great respect for any faith and belief. They religious and do not particularly strive for a “beautiful life”.
For Montenegrins, the most characteristic moral concepts are: " cojstvo" And " junastvo", that is " bravery" And " courage"Local residents have great respect for their traditions, customs and the history of their country.
Montenegrins sociable and very hospitable. They are open, but they never meddle in other people's affairs. The influence of centuries-old traditions of community and collectivism is noticeably visible in the country. One might even say that Montenegrins exhibit a certain old-fashioned way of upbringing. All these features make the people of Montenegro so colorful.
Family is also very important for Montenegrins. Even today they have quite strong concepts of clan and clan. There is also a striking readiness for mutual assistance even between complete strangers.
People in Montenegro They treat Russians and residents of other countries very well former USSR . Here people still remember the centuries-old connection between our peoples. In addition, the similarity of our languages largely contributes to this. The problem of the language barrier practically does not arise here. Many Montenegrins know Russian. The attitude towards tourists from other countries is also quite friendly. But this applies to older people. But young people in Montenegro prefer to learn Western European languages. English language is used almost everywhere, but is not very popular among the population political reasons. Local residents are very pleased that tourists know at least a few of the most common local words.
At the meeting local residents, regardless of religion, greet each other with a handshake. When visiting someone's home accepted give small gifts. Local residents highly value the ability to speak and carry on a conversation. You can often see lengthy dialogues taking place at the table.
Everywhere in the country European clothing is accepted. But wearing tracksuits to restaurants and cafes not worth it. They might just not let you in. Evening wear is quite informal, but conservative. It is often based on local traditions. Montenegrins greatly revere their national costume.. Foreigners do not have to dress like this.
Most of the country's residents are heavy smokers. Even in public transport and in public institutions you can constantly find people smoking. You can also often see noisy companies. However, drunkenness is not very common among local residents.
Electricity
. In Kosovo happen quite often outbreaks of tularemia and hemorrhagic fever.Tourists must know that tap water in Montenegro is usually chlorinated and is relatively safe for health. However It's best to always use bottled water, this is especially true for areas remote from the capital.
Milk in Montenegro is pasteurized, dairy products are completely safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry, fish, vegetables and fruits are inspected by sanitary and hygiene services. They are enough safe for consumption. However, their recommended Do not buy from street vendors and pre-cook.
Valid in Montenegro health care insurance system. First aid, if necessary, turns out for free. However for a more thorough examination you'll have to pay.
For foreign tourists in Montenegro It is best to use the services of only special hospitals: Boris Kidrich Hospital, Clinics Centar and etc. Consultation for foreigners will cost $3-10 depending on the disease.
In every community There is public clinic ("House of Health"). Here you can always get qualified first aid. In almost all cities and large towns of the country there are doctors who are engaged in private practice. You can also turn to them for help.
The main part of the clinics works in the country from Tuesday to Saturday With 7.00 before 13.00-17.00 .
There are private and public pharmacies. Typically, state pharmacies are located in health centers. The range of locally and foreign-made drugs is quite extensive.
Montenegro (Montenegro. Crna Gora, Crna Gora) - a state in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. This is a small country in the heart of the world with unique pure nature and rich in events ancient history. Many great states fought for this paradise on the Adriatic coast, protected by mountains and hills, surrounded by forests and fertile lands.
Montenegro– a country of amazing and unexpected combinations: here there is mountain air and sea air; here Orthodox churches coexist with mosques; here people live in medieval castles and houses, whose walls have seen those events that they remember, respect and pass on from mouth to mouth. Every corner of the earth here is imbued with history. There were endless wars on these lands, they were constantly captured and reconquered, they belonged to countless foreign rulers, but despite everything, the Montenegrin people preserved themselves, their culture, their language. These people absorbed the best from every culture that came to their land, passed it through themselves, but did not lose their characteristics. They are not like anyone else. They are proud and original.
Montenegrowashed Adriatic Sea, It has land borders With Croatia in the West, Bosnia and Herzegovina- in North-west, Serbia- in the northeast, partially recognized Republic of Kosovo- in the east and Albania southeast. Until June 2006, it was part of the confederal State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, occupying 13.5% of its total territory.
Climate in Montenegro depending on the topography, it varies from alpine in the mountains to Mediterranean subtropical on the coast. Summer by the sea is hot, long and quite dry, winter is short and wet. The sea water temperature during the swimming season, which lasts from the end of April to the end of October, is +20+26°C, the average air temperature in summer is +28°C, in winter +11.5°C. Precipitation falls mainly in the form of snow. Precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm per year, mainly in the form of rain; in the mountains near the sea coast, in some places over 3000 mm falls. In the northern regions of Montenegro there is snow for up to 5 months a year. Number of sunny hours per year: in Igalo - 2386, in Ulcinj - 2700.
The capital and largest city of Montenegro is Podgorica. Historical and cultural capital is a city Cetinje.
Airports:Tivat, Podgorica
Flight: from Moscow to Tivat airport the flight duration is about 3 hours
Visa: Citizens Russian Federation You are allowed to stay in the country without a visa for up to 30 days.
Time: time zone +1, 2 hours behind Moscow time
Summer time starts - Sunday, 25 March 2012, 02:00 - local standard time
Daylight saving time ends on Sunday, October 28, 2012, 03:00 - local summer time
Local population: population - 650,000 people: Montenegrins, Serbs, Albanians, Croats, Bosnians
Square: 13,812 sq. km;
Language: Montenegrin (Jekovian dialect of the Serbian language)
Religion: Orthodoxy, but many Catholics and Muslims
Currency: Euro (EURO)
Kitchen: local cuisine consists of three areas: fish, Italian and original Serbian cuisine. Fish dishes are quite expensive, but very tasty, high quality and fresh. Serbian cuisine consists mainly of meat dishes and vegetables. Montenegro produces pretty good wine. The most famous brand is called “Vranac”. Strong local drinks include Krunak, Rakija and Šlivovitsa.
The cost of dishes without seafood is 8 - 15 euros, with seafood - 20 - 25 euros. Please note that the Russian idea of a portion differs significantly from the Montenegrin one. The restaurants serve really huge portions. One serving will be enough for two people.
Infrastructure and entertainment: shops and supermarkets are open from 6:00 to 22:00, and some around the clock. Nightlife in bars and nightclubs continues until approximately 2 am. Excursion programs around Montenegro are worthy of attention, whose territory is rich in places with amazing beautiful nature, as well as historical and cultural monuments. Russian satellite channels are available in hotels and rooms. Banks are open from 8.00 to 13.00 and from 17.00 to 20.00 on weekdays.
Transport: between cities and within them there is a regular public transport. A very convenient means of transportation around Montenegro is a taxi. Compared to Moscow prices, Montenegrin taxi services are very cheap. It is possible to rent a car, but to do this you must be over 21 years old and have more than 2 years of driving experience. A deposit of 150-300 euros is usually left for a car. Daily rent from 35 euros per day.
Useful phone numbers:
Code of the country: 381
Consulate General of Russia in Montenegro (Podgorica): 272460; 272450
Police: 92
Emergency: 94
Fire protection: 93
Exact time: 95
Roadside assistance: 987
Post office information service: 988
Russian name - Montenegro, international - Montenegro comes from the toponym Crna Gora (black mountain).
The territory of the country can be divided into three parts: coast of the Adriatic Sea, the relatively flat central part of the country, on which its two largest cities are located: Podgorica and Niksic, and mountain systems in the east of the country.
The continental coastline of Montenegro is about 300 km long. Montenegro has 14 sea islands, the total length of the coastline of which is 15.6 km. In the north-west of the country there is a large bay of Boka Kotorska, which has a water surface area of 87.3 km and cuts into the land at 29.6 km. The length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km. The temperature of sea water during seven months ranges from + 12 to +26 °C, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
The longest rivers in Montenegro: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Ceotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Boyana (30 km). Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout their entire length through the territory of Montenegro. The Boyana River was previously the only navigable river in Montenegro; it is not currently navigable. Most Montenegrin rivers are mountainous and form deep canyons. The Tara River Canyon, about 1200 m deep, is the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. The largest lake in Montenegro and the entire Balkan Peninsula - Skadar. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km?. Two thirds of the lake (by area) are located on the territory Montenegro, one third - on the territory Albania. The second largest lake in Montenegro - Shasskoye Lake(3.64 km?), located near Ulcinj. Also on the territory of Montenegro there are 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin (the so-called "mountain eyes"), the total area of which is 3.89 km?.
More than 41% of the country's area is forests and woodlands, 39.58% - pastures. The flora of Montenegro is diverse. The Republic of Montenegro is an “ecological state”, 8.1% of the territory is under various environmental regimes, including national reserves Durmitor, Lovcen, Biogradska Gora, Skadar Lake and Prokletje.
Beach resorts
All resorts are located on the Adriatic coast. Most resort areas are concentrated in Budva Riviera. A little further west - Bay of Kotor, one of the most beautiful places Montenegro.
The largest resorts are Budva, Kotor, Becici, Sveti Stefan, Petrovac. Budva is the capital of the administrative center of the same name. If we compare everything beach resorts Montenegro, this city will be beyond competition. The beaches are sandy and small pebble. They have a blue flag, guaranteeing the quality of service. There are both paid and free beaches. Budva has its own architectural attractions, but the city’s nightlife is more noteworthy. There are a great variety of clubs, bars, restaurants here. Budva, more of a youth resort, with boiling and beautiful nightlife. Club parties here are compared to the largest clubs in Europe. And all this has its own Slavic flavor.
Budva Riviera - this is the largest tourist center in Montenegro, famous primarily for its luxurious sandy beaches, amazing Mediterranean architecture and quite a lively nightlife. Concerts, discos, all kinds of shows are held in establishments not only in Budva, but also in all surrounding cities of Budva, bars and restaurants welcome guests almost all night, and the music does not stop almost all night.
Budva Riviera is one of the most popular resorts in Montenegro. This resort is located in the middle part of the Adriatic coast of Montenegro and consists of the city of Budva and its surroundings. Length of the Riviera There are about 35 km along the seashore, almost 15 of them are beaches, most of which are public. Along the entire coast of the Budva Riviera there are hotels of different levels, a variety of villas, and apartments that are ready to accommodate tourists for any period of time. Many come here with families, more than one year in a row. The most popular resorts Budva Riviera- Budva, Becici, Rafailovici, Przno, Milocer, Sveti Stefan, Petrovac, Sutomore and Bar.
Interesting for many St. Nicholas Island, uninhabited, but often visited by tourists (5 minutes by boat from Budva, Becici, or Sveti Stefan). Part of this beach is given over to nudists. The most prestigious villages of this region are Sveti Stefan and Milocer, whose beaches were once part of the grounds of the palace of the Serbian kings.
Beach holiday on the Budva Riviera can be diversified the most interesting excursions deep into the country and to neighboring cities, because Montenegro is a country with a rich history and immense cultural heritage. Traveling around the country from Budva and its environs is all the more attractive because from this part of the coast two main roads lead to Podgorica, Cetinje, Petrovac and Lake Skadar - a unique natural site.
KotorA small town located on the coast of the Bay of Kotor. The nature here amazes with its majestic beauty. There are not as many beaches here as in Budva, and they are all pebbly. Kotor eclipses all other resorts in terms of the richness of its excursion program and the number of architectural monuments. In addition, here are the cheapest hotels in Montenegro, which are mostly four stars. Overall, Kotor is a place for a calm, contemplative holiday.
Djenovici – small town in the Bay of Kotor, near Herceg Novi. Here, far from noisy discos and the bustle of large cities, lovers of a relaxing beach holiday will be able to fully enjoy the atmosphere of a relaxed resort life. Staying in a comfortable villa or apartment "Smokva" 4*, you can watch how time slowly moves in the rhythm of solar cycles, and the waves roll onto the pebble beaches, obeying the eternal laws of ebb and flow. Along the shore there is an embankment with numerous cafes and restaurants where you can try dishes national cuisine, or even just sit with a cup of coffee. Don't miss the opportunity to order dessert: the traditional kolach will amaze you with its variety of fillings and bright range of flavors.
Becici.A small town located less than an hour's walk from Budva. It has excellent pebble beaches, awarded with a number of international awards. Becici, quite modern resort town. There are a lot of new hotels, restaurants, cafes here. Most beaches are equipped with sports grounds. Both amateur and professional competitions in beach sports are held regularly.
Saint Stephenwas originally a military fort that served as protection against pirate attacks. Now, Sveti Stefan is the most unusual hotel complex in Europe. The external architecture remained untouched, but the interior spaces were converted into fashionable rooms. Here you can rent the most expensive apartments in Montenegro.
Petrovac– another pebble beach on the coast. The city is surrounded by a dense array of olive tree thickets... Petrovac is a calm, not noisy resort. This is the ideal place for family vacation with kids. Like all hotels, Petrovac hotels are aimed at any tourist budget. You can move into a suite with four to five stars, or you can find an inexpensive one, but cozy hotel with two stars.
Ski resorts Kolasin– fashionable ski resort, which is located near the Biograd Biosphere Reserve, which guarantees the cleanest air and pristine nature. Kolasin is shrouded in an aura of almost home comfort. There is no place for youth fussiness and drive. In the vicinity of Kolasin, you can rent the most comfortable apartments. The ski slopes of Kolasin are quite modern and comfortable. Both beginners and experienced skiers can ski here. Equipment rental prices are the lowest in Europe. Zabljak is a center of winter tourism. In addition to traditional ski slopes, mountaineering and hiking are developed here, and rafting on the Tara River annually attracts thousands of extreme sports enthusiasts from all over the world. There are hotels here for every budget, from two to four stars. IN Zabljak, you can rent the most comfortable villas in Montenegro.
Hotels in Montenegro Most hotels are located near the beaches, which makes them so attractive to tourists. All Montenegrin hotels, even with two stars, offer very decent service. Accommodation is very popular in villas and apartments. If you dream of daily sunbathing and evenings by the sea, your choice is, of course, a separate house or apartment. Montenegro offers a wide variety of comfortable and luxurious accommodation for you to choose from. Travel Company"Scarabey" offers for clients affordable prices for the most best apartments"Smokva" 4* in Djenovici in Montenegro. The attitude of Montenegrins towards Russians is expressed in a popular saying: “With the Russians, there are 300 million of us...”. Our compatriots are loved and respected here. There are no and cannot be any language barriers - Russian and Montenegrin have several thousand similar words, and most of the service personnel speak Russian quite well.
Montenegro is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe. Montenegro is mountains and plains, dense forests, crystal clear waters of the Adriatic, mountain rivers and picturesque lakes, piercingly clean air, as well as beautiful ancient cities, where different styles and cultures are so harmoniously combined, thereby creating a unique flavor and atmosphere of comfort. Amazing natural resources this beautiful country, wonderful climate, abundance of historical, architectural and cultural attractions, combined with affordable prices, attract an increasing number of tourists to this little paradise.
Lord George Byron wrote about Montenegro:
“At the moment of the birth of our planet, the most beautiful meeting of land and sea took place in Montenegro... When the pearls of nature were sown, a whole handful fell on this land...”
The Republic of Montenegro covers the southwestern, coastal part of the Balkan Peninsula. In the west, Montenegro borders with Croatia, in the northwest with Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the north, northeast and east with Serbia, and in the southeast with Albania. The population of Montenegro is about 650,000 people. The Montenegrin coast has a coastal part with a length of 293 km, along the coast there are 14 islands with 15.6 km. coastline. 
Budva is a city in Montenegro, located in the central part of the Adriatic coast of the country. The city is the center of the municipal district of the same name. Budva was founded 2500 years ago and is one of the most ancient settlements on the shores of the Adriatic Sea. 
Budva and its surroundings form the Budva Riviera - the largest tourist center in Montenegro, famous for its sandy beaches, nightlife and beautiful examples of Mediterranean architecture. 
Most historical monuments are concentrated in the Old Town of Budva. Situated on a peninsula that juts out into the sea, it is a corner of typically Venetian and Mediterranean architecture. Despite the devastating consequences of the 1979 earthquake, by 1987 the Old City had been completely restored. The old town is surrounded by a powerful fortress wall and pierced by narrow winding streets that lead to the city citadel, where the museum is now located. Near the citadel there are three ancient churches. 
The beautiful and graceful sculpture of a dancer, located on a rocky stone near Mogren Beach, has become an unofficial symbol of the city. This is the most famous and photographed landmark of Budva. This monument, according to legend, is associated with a romantic legend, and has become a symbol of true love, near which romantically minded people love to take pictures and make wishes. 
Fortress walls 
The fortress walls of Budva from the sea 
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (founded in the 7th century), with a bell tower - the architectural dominant of the old city. 
Church of the Holy Trinity (built in 1804) is an Orthodox church built in a typically Byzantine style. Characteristic feature is a bell tower “on a spinning wheel” with three bells. The façade of the church above the western gate is decorated with a rosette. A Greek icon painter painted the iconostasis partition of this church in the 19th century, and it is of exceptional artistic value. 
The Budva Citadel (city fortress Kastel), built on a hill on the southern side of the city. The city walls begin and end here. The fortress was first mentioned in 1425. 
Old town Budva 
Not far from Budva, within direct visibility, is the island of St. Nicholas, one of the few islands off the coast of Montenegro. 
Marina for yachts and boats near the Old Town of Budva 
Budva is surrounded by beaches, most of which are either coarse sand or small pebbles. 
Ostrog Monastery is one of the most amazing and wonderful places in Montenegro. This is recognized by everyone who has visited it at least once. Carved into sheer cliff at an altitude of 900 meters above sea level, the monastery is the embodiment of purity, fortitude and true faith, for which nothing is impossible. Thanks to its unique architecture and location, Ostrog, like a guiding star in the dark sky, is always clearly visible from afar, both day and night. Looking at it, sometimes it begins to seem that the construction of such a temple cannot be the work of human hands, but is the result of divine providence. 
Today Ostrog is a functioning Serbian Orthodox monastery in Montenegro, located in the mountains 15 km from the city of Danilovgrad, at an altitude of about 900 m above sea level. Founded in the 17th century. The monastery houses the relics of its founder, St. Basil of Ostrog, one of the most revered saints of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The incorrupt relics of St. Basil of Ostrog are still kept in one of the monastery churches, having become one of the main Montenegrin relics. These relics are believed to have miraculous healing powers. 
It is believed to be the third most visited Orthodox pilgrimage site in the world, after the tomb of Christ and the holy mountain in Jerusalem. Ostrog is the only functioning Orthodox monastery, where not only Christians, but also followers of other religions come for pilgrimage purposes. 
Old Austrian fortress Kosmach. This fortress is perfectly visible from the Budva - Cetinje highway. The Kosmac Fortress was built by the Austrians as a defensive structure on the border with Montenegro, then a semi-autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire, in 1841-50. It is located on the top of Kosmach Hill (where its name comes from). The fortress was a key one in the chain of border fortresses of Austria-Hungary. 
Sveti Stefan is a resort in Montenegro, located on the Adriatic coast, on the Budva Riviera, 5 kilometers southeast of Budva. Located on a small island, the isthmus between the land and the island is natural, resulting from the accumulation of gravel in layers. Very rare a natural phenomenon. The island is closed to non-hotel guests. The village of the same name adjacent to the island has tourism infrastructure, and apartment prices, although higher than the average in Montenegro, are much more affordable than in a hotel on the island. 
The fortress was first mentioned in chronicles in 1442, when residents of the local village of Petrovichi met the Ottomans who were trying to capture Kotor. After the victory, it was decided to erect a church and fortress in honor of St. Stephen. Sveti Stefan was an important trade center and transport hub during the Venetian Republic. Sveti Stefan was settled in the 15th century and for a long time was a simple fishing village. Due to the economic crisis, the city began to decline. In the 1950s, 20 residents were relocated to the mainland and Sveti Stefan became a luxury hotel town. During the reconstruction, the appearance of the buildings, of which there are about 80, was not damaged. Holidays in Sveti Stefan were popular among many celebrities: at one time, guests of the resort were Elizabeth Taylor, Sophia Loren, Claudia Schiffer, Carlo Ponti, Kirk Douglas, Bobby Fischer, Sylvester Stallone and others. 
The island of Sveti Stefan is one of the most expensive resorts in Montenegro. There are 58 luxury apartments here, including 8 in the world famous Villa Milocer. The beaches on the island have a total length of about 2 kilometers and consist of beautiful pink sand. The island is connected to the land by a small isthmus made of layered gravel, which in itself is a unique phenomenon - the isthmus is of natural and not artificial origin. 
Here is the cleanest sea in all of Europe and beaches with dark gray sand or tiny pebbles. 
The Bay of Kotor is considered one of the most beautiful bays in the world and confidently ranks first among the most beautiful bays in Europe. Previously, it was even believed that the Bay of Kotor was the southernmost fjord in Europe. This is not actually the case, but the landscapes are indeed very similar. 
Kotor is a city in Montenegro, the administrative center of the Kotor municipality. Located on the shores of the Bay of Kotor on the Adriatic Sea. Historically, Kotor and its surrounding lands belong to the Dalmatia region. The old part of the city is under UNESCO protection. Kotor is the administrative, cultural, religious, educational and economic center of Boka Kotorska. Throughout the history of Kotor and the Bay of Kotor, the main occupation of local residents has been navigation and overseas trade. Therefore, Kotor has become one of the most important shopping centers this part of the Adriatic coast. 
The Cathedral of St. Tryphon in Kotor is the cathedral of the Kotor Catholic Diocese. The Cathedral of St. Tryphon has become the center of the spiritual life of local Croats, who historically constitute a significant part of the population of Kotor. This is one of the two Catholic cathedrals in Montenegro, along with the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, located in the city of Bar. The Cathedral of St. Tryphon, despite numerous reconstructions, is an outstanding example of Romanesque architecture. The cathedral building was consecrated on July 19, 1166 in the name of Saint Tryphon, who is considered the patron saint of Kotor. The building has faced many challenges; One of the most difficult moments in the history of the temple was the catastrophic earthquake of 1667. Its consequences were the destruction of part of the building, as a result of which both bell towers of the cathedral had to be rebuilt. Built from stone from the now Croatian island of Korcula, they acquired some baroque features. They were connected to each other by a wide arch dividing the façade of the building horizontally. On the upper part of the facade there is a fairly large rose window; the arch forms a portico located directly above the entrance to the cathedral. The Cathedral of St. Tryphon is part of the site World Heritage"Natural and cultural-historical region of Kotor." 
In the northern part of old Kotor there is another building that attracts attention not only ordinary tourists, but also for those who are interested in the history of Orthodoxy, this is the Church of St. Nicholas. Construction of the church began in 1902 on the foundation of a burnt building, construction was completed in 1909 - the date of completion of construction is imprinted on the facade of the building. The famous architect Corill Ivekovic worked on the temple project. Built in the Byzantine style, with one nave, with two bell towers on the main facade, the church is clearly visible from the city wall, which is adjacent to it. Church of St. Nicholas is the only one Orthodox Church Kotor, where religious services are held daily. 
The old town of Kotor is rightfully considered one of the best preserved medieval urban centers on the Adriatic, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. cultural heritage. From 1420 to 1797 Kotor and its surroundings were under the control of the Venetian Republic and Venetian influence remained dominant in the city's architecture. The city fortress walls were continuously built and rebuilt from the 9th to the 19th centuries. Walls surround Old city and climb a rocky hill, on the slope of which Kotor is located. Their length is 4.5 kilometers, their height reaches 20 meters, and their thickness is 16 meters. On the top of a hill at an altitude of 260 meters above sea level is the Fortress of St. John 
The Kotor Fortress is one of the unique attractions. The Romans began construction of the citadel, destroying the foundation and walls that the Illyrians had previously built here. The next to capture this strategically important bay were the Byzantines: they destroyed the already dilapidated citadel and built a new one in its place. Further, the Kotor citadel experienced the influence of many different invaders. The Byzantines were replaced by Arabs in the middle of the 9th century, followed by Bulgarians, Venetians and Serbs. During the period of Venetian rule (15-17 centuries), the Ottomans tried to besiege the fortress. In the 18th century the fortifications went to the Habsburgs, and at the beginning of the 19th century. - French Empire. True, France did not have time to add anything of its own to the appearance of the fortress: in 1814 the fortress was occupied by the British. By decision of the Vienna Congress, Kotor returned to the fold of the Austrian Empire. In 1979, the fortress was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
Fortress walls protect the old city from the north and southwest. Their length is 4.5 km, thickness - from 2 to 16 m, and height - 20 m. Amazing power! But the main reason why most tourists want to get here is 1460! steps (someone counted). To climb to the top of the mountain, directly to the fortress itself, you need to overcome them. And the path is thorny and long: the first part is the green path (simple), the second is yellow (medium difficulty), the third is red (the most difficult and dangerous). Some steps are destroyed, in some places the road goes right over the cliff. 
View of the city walls from the river. 
Perast — old City in Montenegro. Located on the shores of the Bay of Kotor on the Adriatic Sea, a few kilometers northwest of Kotor. Perast lies at the foot of St. Elias Hill (873 m), on the cape that separates the Bay of Risan from the Bay of Kotor (which, in turn, are constituent parts of the Bay of Kotor), directly opposite the Verige Strait, the narrowest part of Boka. 
The name of the city is believed to come from the name of the Illyrian tribe of Pyrusts. Traces of a Neolithic culture (circa 3500 BC) were found in the Spila cave above Perast. Various archaeological evidence from the Illyrian, Roman and early Christian periods has also been discovered here. Founded by the Illyrians. Despite its small size, Perast is very popular among tourists - after all, it is one of the most beautiful examples of Baroque architecture on the shores of the Adriatic. Every house in the city, and there are quite a few of them, is like a real museum, and the surrounding beauty of the bay gives Perast even more charm. According to the 2003 census, the city has 349 inhabitants 
There are two small islands near Perast: St. George Island and Gospa od Shkrpela Island. 
One of the islands is called the island of St. George, on which rises a picturesque Benedictine abbey, which was first mentioned in 1166 as the property of the city of Kotor. The study of the few surviving fragments of the original architectural decoration led to the conclusion that the abbey existed at least as early as the 9th century. The island remained a Kotor possession until 1634, when patronage over it passed to the Venetian Senate. The island was constantly under threat of invasion and earthquakes. In 1535, the townspeople of Perast killed Abbot Pascal, who was elected by the city council of Kotor (as a sign of repentance, the Perast residents rebuilt and expanded the church on the neighboring island). In 1571, the Turkish pirate Karadoz burned both the abbey and the whole of Perast (restoration began only in 1603). During the Great Earthquake of April 6, 1667, the abbey on St. George's Island was again destroyed. In 1812, the abbey was captured by the French, who were later expelled by the townspeople of Perast. In 1814, the abbey was captured by the Austrians. The abbey contains works from the 15th century by Lovro Marinov Dobrichevich, a famous artist from Kotor. 
Another island is called "Gospa od Skrpela" (Italian: Madonna dello Scarpello, which means "Madonna of the Reef" or "Our Lady of the Rock" (from the Latin "scropulus" - "reef"). Gospa od Skrpela is perhaps the only man-made island of the Adriatic and is located 115 meters northwest of the island of St. George.It was built on top of a reef after in 1452 two sailors from Perast, the Mortešić brothers, found on it an icon of the Mother of God, which cured one of them from an illness After this, the icon immediately became revered. Initially, the reef was only slightly above the surface of the water, but for 200 years the townspeople sank captured pirate ships and their old ships next to it (in addition, a law was passed according to which every ship passing by the reef had to throw a stone to the bottom here) This is how a plateau was created, the area of which is 3030 m². 
The Church of the Mother of God was built on the island ( modern look it took over after reconstruction undertaken after the Great Earthquake of April 6, 1667). The church was built in the Byzantine style and reaches 11 meters in height. It is believed that the inhabitants of Perast built the church not only because they wanted to see the Virgin Mary as the patroness of their sailors, but also to secure their authority over the man-made island as opposed to the authority of Kotor over the island of St. George. At the end of the 17th century, Perast reached the pinnacle of economic and cultural development, which helped decorate the Church of Our Lady of the Rocks with many works of art. So, Andria Zmaevich invited Tripo Kokol to decorate it, who spent about 10 years to complete the painting of the church. Over the centuries, the church has received gifts from wealthy citizens and ship captains and is now not only a temple, but also a treasury and art gallery. There are 68 oil paintings here. On the walls of the church you can see 2,500 gold and silver “vow” plates, which the residents of Boka Kotorska donated to the church “in fulfillment of this vow” for deliverance from various disasters. 
The canyons of the Tara and Moraca rivers are the most amazing corner of Montenegro. In our opinion, this excursion is considered the most interesting in Montenegro. For almost fourteen hours we traveled by bus along the winding Montenegrin serpentines. Flying to Montenegro and not going to see the canyons is almost the same as never going to the beach. In the photo - Canyon of the Moraca River. 
Around every turn, truly amazing mountain landscapes and fantastic views of rivers running somewhere far below opened up. Well, what can we say - the nature in Montenegro is simply amazing. 
Lake Biograd is often called the heart of the Biogradska Gora National Park - it is indeed its central part and the most attractive destination for tourists visiting the region. This unique natural reserve, one of the most beautiful lakes of the entire Balkan Peninsula, can give many pleasant impressions from the dense forests surrounding it, clean mountain air and clear blue water, which have remained unchanged for several centuries. 
Lake Biograd is located in an intermountain basin of glacial origin at an altitude of 1,094 m above sea level. This is the largest of the 6 lakes scattered throughout the Biogradska Gora National Park. The surface area is 228,500 m², the average depth is 4.5 m, and the maximum is 12.1 m. The Lavel stream and the Biogradska river flow into the lake. The Jezerstica River, which is a tributary of the Tara, flows out of Lake Biograd. 
Montenegro is famous for many beautiful places. One of them is the Tara River Canyon, the deepest in Europe and the second in the world after the Grand Canyon! There are beautiful mountains, gorges and waterfalls around. The length of this miracle of nature is 82 km, in some places the height of the walls reaches more than 1300 meters. 
Huge massive mountains seem to hang overhead. 
One of the most beautiful places in the Tara Canyon is the bend of the river. At this point it bends in the form of a huge horseshoe. 
The canyon is located between the mountains of Sinyaevina and Durmitor on one side, and Ljubišnja and Zlatni Bor on the other, being part of the Durmitor National Park. The territory of the canyon with the Durmitor park is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
It is simply impossible to talk about the number of amazing landscapes that we were able to see. Not a single photo in any way conveys the fantastic beauty of this place; any description seems faded in comparison with reality. 
Djurjevic Bridge is a concrete arch bridge over the Tara River in the northern part of Montenegro. Located at the crossroads between the cities of Mojkovac, Zabljak and Pljevlja. The Djurdzhevich Bridge got its name from the owner of the farm located nearby. The Djurdjevic Bridge was designed by Mijat Trojanovic. It was built between 1937 and 1940 in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The chief engineer of the project is Isaac Russo. The 5-arch bridge has a length of 365 meters, the length of the largest span is 116 meters. The height of the roadway of the bridge from the Tara River is 172 meters. At the time of completion, it was the largest vehicular concrete arch bridge in Europe. The bridge has become the hallmark of the country. 
In 1942, Yugoslav partisans, with the help of one of the bridge construction engineers, Lazar Jaukovic, blew up the central arch, but preserved the remaining spans. The explosion of the longest span destroyed the only crossing of the Tara River canyon in the area, which led to a halt in the advance of Italian troops into this part of Montenegro. The Italians became so angry that they specifically looked for Lazar Jaukovic, and he was eventually captured and shot. A monument to the engineer stands at the entrance to the bridge. These events were depicted in the 1969 Yugoslav film The Bridge and the British film Hurricane of Navarone. The bridge was restored in 1946. People come to see it all the time sightseeing buses. For everyone, there is a campsite with a parking lot, a shop, a hostel and a gas station on the Djurdzhevich Bridge. 
The Djurdjevic Bridge offers a magnificent view. It feels like you're floating in the air. There is a huge abyss underfoot and somewhere far below the waves of Tara are seething. 
There are mountains around, cliffs, forests, clean air... the joy in my soul from this beauty is extraordinary! 
National Park Durmitor is a real miracle of nature in Montenegro. Ancient forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and alpine meadows stretch across a vast expanse. Somewhere here are small villages lost, people in which live almost the same as many hundreds of years ago, without changing the centuries-old way of life. Durmitor is confidently included in the list of the most interesting attractions in Montenegro. Durmitor National Park, created in 1952, includes the Durmitor mountain range, the canyons of the Tara, Susica and Draga rivers, as well as the upper part of the Komarnica plateau. The total area is 390 km². In 1980 it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
Some believe that the word “durmitor” comes from the Celtic language and means “mountains in which there is a lot of water,” others believe that from Latin this word means “sleeping, immersed in eternal sleep.” During the Ice Age, everything here was covered with ice, and with the advent of the thaw, many beautiful mountain lakes formed. There are about 18 of them; the most famous of them is the Black Lake (“Crno Jezero”), which locals nicknamed “black eyes” because The large lake flows through the isthmus into the small lake and forms something like eyes. 
In addition to lakes, Durmitor is famous for its mountain peaks, some of which are covered with snow even in summer. The highest point of the mountain range is Bobotov Kuk; its height is 2523 m. This Peak has a strange but euphonious name and is said to be the highest mountain peak in the Republic of Montenegro. This is one of 48 peaks with heights of more than 2000 meters located on the territory of the Durmitor mountain range. 
Black Lake is comfortably located at the foot of Mount Bobotov Kuk at an altitude of 1416 m. Its area is 516 m². The water in the lake is highly clean and transparent; it can be drunk without fear. The water in the lake is so clear that it can be seen to a depth of 9 meters. In fact, it consists of two small reservoirs - Big and Small, connected by a narrow strait. Among other things, Black Lake is also very beautiful - its calm waters reflect a dense coniferous forest, which gives the reservoir a rich blue-green color. 
Durmitor is the embodiment of a real fairy tale. There are icy lakes and spacious meadows strewn with the most different colors, and the thicket of a dense coniferous forest, where you can always hear birds singing and see squirrels jumping along the branches. 
The terrain of Montenegro is not conducive to the appearance of wide, smooth highways - most of the country is covered with mountains and hills, along which narrow serpentines and mountain roads are laid. These very roads in Montenegro, in the mountains, are a real test for the driver and passengers - a lot of extreme impressions from the trip are guaranteed! 
Lake Skadar is one of the main attractions of Montenegro. Lake Skadar or Shkodra is the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula. Located on the territory of two states Montenegro and Albania, 2/3 of the lake belongs to Montenegro. In 1983, Lake Skadar became a national park. This place is very beautiful, rich in fish and a huge number of birds, and there are numerous small villages on the coast. This is the largest natural freshwater body of water on the entire Balkan Peninsula - its average area is 475 square kilometers! 
Lake reed, southern reed and angustifolia cattail, white water lily, yellow water lily and chilim grow on the lake. The lake is rich in fish and waterfowl. Common species include bleaks, carp, pods, freshwater eels, red salmon, roach, alose, pachychylon, mullet and rudd. Birds are represented by no less than 26 species. In winter, more than 200 thousand birds live on the lake. 
The lake's water surface area is about 390 km², but can increase to 530 km² during winter floods. The average area is 475 km². The total length of the coast is 168 km: 110.5 km in Montenegro and 57.5 km in Albania. The maximum depth of the lake is more than 60 meters, the average is 6 m. 
The climate in the lake area is Mediterranean, with mild and rainy winters. The average January temperature is 7.3 °C. Summer is dry and hot, the air heats up above 40 °C, water - above 27 °C 
Lake Skadar has a rich history and culture, as evidenced by numerous archaeological finds, medieval monasteries and churches, fortresses and local architecture (fishing settlements, bridges, mills and wells). On the lake islands, of which there are 55 in total, and on the shore near the lake, there are many interesting historical sights and monuments, including ancient churches and active monasteries (Vranina, Starchevo, Beshka, Morachnik and others). 
The lake has been a protected National Park since 1983 and was included in the 1971 Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance in 1996. 
Cetinje Monastery - Orthodox Monastery of the Nativity Holy Mother of God in the historical and spiritual capital of Montenegro, the city of Cetinje. The monastery was built in 1484. The main shrine kept in the monastery is the incorruptible right hand of St. John the Baptist. This is one of the most revered shrines in the Christian world, since according to the Bible, John the Baptist laid his right hand on the head of Jesus Christ during Baptism. 
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary on Chipura. 
The village of Njegusi is a quiet, peaceful place, which is located on the slope of Mount Lovcen at an altitude of 900 m above sea level in the municipality of Cetinje. Now the village has turned into a real tourist town, in which there are no more than 50 houses and about 200 people live. This settlement is famous for the fact that it produces the famous Njegushski prosciutto (cured pork ham), famous throughout Montenegro, as well as famous homemade cheeses and natural mountain honey. Here you can also see how this meat is produced, buy it as a souvenir, or try prosciutto in local konobas. The fact is that it is here that nature itself has created ideal conditions for making prosciutto - a cool climate and mountain air that mixes with sea air. This is what gives the prosciutto from Njeguši its unique aroma. 
Montenegro is very rich in the most amazing sights. Here you can see not only magnificent natural landscapes, but also ancient churches, temples, and fortresses. Even the most successful photographs in no way convey the beauty that we will remember for the rest of our lives. No wonder Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky wrote: “One birth is not enough for me, I wish I could grow from two roots, It’s a pity that Montenegro did not become my second homeland...”
