Montenegro geographical location. Montenegro - travel company "scarab"
Montenegro is a country full of contrasts and natural beauties: the clean and transparent Adriatic Sea, unique beaches - sandy, pebble and rocky. In Montenegro the most a large number of sunny days per year and a surprisingly small area, only a few kilometers or a few tens of meters. For relaxation, you can choose places both remote from populated areas, and close to them, or near the hotel itself. Beaches are everywhere - in bays, on rocky shores, surrounded by olive trees, fields and pine forests. Some of these beaches are exposed to the wind, sun and waves, some provide views of the open sea.There are skyscraper hotels and bungalow hotels, there are hotels in caves and even ship hotels. But only in Montenegro there is an island hotel! Montenegro is also the only country of the former Yugoslavia on whose territory not a single shot was fired over all these years.
The name of the country, it turns out, was given by the Turks, who for five centuries tried to conquer this wonderful corner of southern Europe, but never fully succeeded. The mountains in Montenegro really come close to the Adriatic Sea itself, which explains the wonderful climate in the country’s seaside resorts. Here the current begins, which then washes other countries of the Adriatic, and that is why the cleanest sea water is near the coast of Montenegro. The nature of Montenegro is so well preserved that it even received the status of an “ecological country”. The sandy and pebble beaches of the Adriatic stretch for 73 km, and Velika Plaza in Ulcinj is as much as 13 km long.
On the only fiord in southern Europe - the Bay of Kotor - there is a resort with its own microclimate and therapeutic mud that help in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The city located here with towers and palaces of the 7th and 8th centuries and ancient shipyards reminds of the historical ties between Montenegro and Russia. Peter the Great sent his future sailors to these shipyards for training, and one of the local Montenegrin sailors became a Russian admiral.
Another unique attraction of Montenegro is Lake Skadar, located below sea level and representing a genuine bird kingdom. Very interesting excursions to the canyon of the Tara River, 1300 meters deep, and to the mountainous region of Lovcen with the mausoleum of Petar Petrovich Njegos, the spiritual leader and ruler of Montenegro, whose poems every Montenegrin knows by heart. Stunning impression on Russian tourists produces the Ostrog Monastery with the relics of St. Basil of Ostrog, and in the wall of the Cetinje Monastery in the old capital is the embalmed hand of John the Baptist.
Montenegro is located 3 hours away from Moscow by direct flight. resorts of Montenegro Just not far from the airport lies the same island hotel in the sea where celebrities such as Sophia Loren, Stallone, Claudia Schiffer and our ex-world champion Karpov relax. The vacationer receives the key to his room immediately upon entering the island, where rooms and apartments of the highest "star" rating provide all imaginable types of services, but most importantly - the opportunity for a quiet, secluded holiday surrounded by pristine nature. Not so expensive hotels are located, for example, at the resort, which was awarded the Grand Prix for the most best beaches in Europe. And you can relax like a king at the resort, which was part of the territory of the palace of the Serbian royal family Karađorđević.
Republic of Montenegro is located on the Balkan Peninsula and is an integral part of the Commonwealth of Serbia and Montenegro. In 1991, Montenegro was proclaimed a country of clean, untouched and protected nature. The local unique nature is under state protection.
Climate
In northern Montenegro it is temperate continental, on the Adriatic coast it is Mediterranean. IN central regions countries are always somewhat cooler than on the coast, and the influence of subalpine factors is more noticeable. In the coastal region, summers are usually long, hot (+23-25 C) and quite dry, winters are short and cool (+3-7 C). In mountainous areas there are moderately warm summers (+19-25 C) and relatively cold winters (from +5 to -10 C), abounding in snow. Precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm per year, mainly in the form of rain; in the mountains near the sea coast, in some places over 3000 mm falls. In the northern regions of Montenegro there is snow for up to 5 months a year.
When is the best time to go to Montenegro
The best time to visit the country is from May to September-October. The tourist season in Montenegro usually begins in April and lasts until November. The sea temperature for seven months ranges from +20 C to +26 C, so the swimming season is equal in duration to the tourist season.
Montenegro belongs to the Central European time zone
Moscow +2 hours
Saint Petersburg+2 hours
Kyiv +1 hour
Minsk +1 hour
The voltage used is 220 V. An adapter according to the European standard is required.
Today's Montenegro is one of the most common tourist destinations among European countries. The natural luxury of this delightful country, comfortable climate, many historical and architectural treasures and low prices attract more and more tourists to the country of black mountains and white beaches.
Montenegro is famous for its natural treasures, including the Shassko and Skadar lakes of a stunning azure-blue color, national park, inside which there is the famous Black Lake and the colorful canyons of the Tara and Morač rivers,
Every corner of Montenegro is interesting in its own way, and all exotic places defy description, so this delightful country is a must-see. The country most likely acquired its name (Black Mountain) thanks to the impenetrable black forests, which in the Middle Ages covered Mount Lovcen and the rest of the alpine hills of ancient Montenegro.
Tourist country
Montenegro today is a very popular Eastern European country in terms of tourism. Mountain landscapes, the clearest Adriatic Sea, optimal temperature - that’s why holidays here are so popular. Even when it is cloudy in most resorts, the weather in Montenegro always pleases vacationers with its mild Mediterranean climate. In summer, the air warms up to +40 °C, and the water temperature on the coast of Montenegro reaches +25 °C. What else do you need to have a great time? Meanwhile, winter in the mountains is snowy and moderately cold, which favors the development of ski tourism.
The number of those who dream of spending their holidays in Montenegro, relaxing or improving their health is constantly growing, many people from all over Europe even dream of purchasing real estate here for this purpose - after all, with wonderful natural conditions housing prices here are lower than in most other countries.
Geographical location
Montenegro is located in the south of Europe, on the southwestern side of the Balkans. Its southern border is with Albania, in the west with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on the northern side its neighbors are Serbia and Croatia. The area of Montenegro is geographically divided into three regions: mountains in the northeastern part of the country, the coast Adriatic Sea, as well as the flat basin of Lake Skadar and the valley landscape around it. The length of the coast reaches 293.5 km. The state owns 14 sea islands.
In the north-west there is a large inlet - Boka Kotorska. The main beaches are located in Montenegro - a colorful country that is bathed in the waters of the Adriatic. The coastal line occupies approximately a third of the state's border. Rocky mountains, colorful architecture and generous nature - this is what Montenegro is famous for today. Mountain tourism is no less fascinating than vacationing sea coasts. Durmitor National Park reveals to tourists the delightful colors of the Black Mountains. The path to them is more convenient and interesting through the town of Pluzine. On the way you can see the Piva artificial reservoir, with a natural emerald hue. You can go through tunnels carved into the rocks; they contain winding roads in the form of serpentines. Here you can find stunning views of the Black Lake, the canyon of the Tara River, and the Dzhurzhevich Bridge between two mountain shores.
The country is characterized by cozy towns with small houses and huge natural expanses. The most famous cities among travelers are Podgorica, Kotor, Budva, Perast, Petrovets, Cetinje.
Capital
The city of Podgorica is the largest locality Montenegro, which is the center of the economy and industry of the state. Tourists are attracted to the city narrow streets and unique ancient buildings of the ancient districts of Stara Varos and Drach. The most fascinating places to visit are: Church of St. George, Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ, Museum of Natural History, National Theatre, Njegusa Palace and Art Gallery. Among the modern structures is the Millennium Bridge, stretching across the Morač River. Not far from Podgorica you can see the ruins of the ancient fortress Medun, which existed in the 3rd century BC. e.
Population
It has about 627,000 inhabitants. The diversity of the population is distributed according to ethnic composition in the following way:
- Montenegrins - 43%;
- Serbs - 32%;
- Bosnians - 8%;
- Albanians - 5%;
- other nationalities: Croats, Russians, gypsies.
The official language in the country is Montenegrin, which is a Slavic language and therefore very close to the Russian and Ukrainian languages. The most popular foreign languages are German and English.
Historical and cultural capital The city of Tsetne, located in a colorful valley at the foot of the Lovcen mountain, is rightfully considered. A complex of historical, cultural and architectural attractions create a true museum under open air. Among the most visited places by tourists, the following stand out: the Bilyard Palace, Royal Palace Nicholas I, Vlaška Church, art, ethnographic and many different museums. You should definitely get to the National Park and see the royal family estate of the Petrovichs in the picturesque village of Njegusi on the top of Mount Lovcen. Here you can also visit the Mausoleum of Peter II Njegos.
The total area of Montenegro is 13,812 km².
The largest resorts: Budva, Becici, Herceg, Petrovac, Novi, Bar. Airports: Podgorica and Tivat. Highest place Montenegro: peak Bobotov Kuk in the Durmitor mountain range - 2522 m. Here is Lake Skadar - the deepest on the Balkan Peninsula, its depths reach up to 530 km. Here is the deepest European canyon along the Tara River, with a depth of up to 1300 m. Thanks to the favorable geography of Montenegro on the coast, the climate is subtropical: summers are long, hot and dry, the air warms up to +28-32 ˚С, sea water - up to +22-26 ˚С, and a short mild winter with temperatures up to +8 +10 ˚С. Beach season lasts six months a year, because Montenegro is second only to Cyprus in terms of the number of sunny days per year. In mountainous areas the climate is temperate continental, winters are snowy and long, which is favorable for the development ski holiday.
Kitchen
A feature of all Montenegrin cuisine is the high ecological purity of the products used. The land in Montenegro is so fertile that additional artificial fertilizers are not used here at all, and the local population has not even heard of GMOs. Natural food, clean ecology, mountain air and sea water - everything contributes to strengthening the health of the local population; it is not for nothing that life expectancy is high here. Typical Slavic cuisine with Mediterranean elements - a variety of meat dishes, seafood, fruits, vegetables. Don't forget to try the local wines “Vranac” and “Krstac”, as well as grape vodka - vine. Another distinctive feature of Montenegrin cuisine is large portions both in bars and restaurants, which cannot but please foreign guests of the country.
First of all, in Montenegro, tourists buy local handicrafts: jewelry, haberdashery, honey, olive oil, wine. Shops are open daily, from morning until late evening. Both supermarkets and small shops are open every day from 6:00 to 20:00, and in tourist centers - until 23:00. You can also find shops everywhere that are open 24 hours a day. At local markets, purchases can be made in the first half of the day.
Holidays and leisure
Montenegro has many holidays a year, both state and religious: on January 1 and 2, the population of Montenegro celebrates New Year, January 6 and 7 - Christmas, April 27 - Statehood Day in Montenegro, people also celebrate Christian Easter in the spring with the entire Orthodox world, May 1 and 2 - Spring and Labor Day, May 9 - Victory Day, June 4 - Partisan Day, June 13 is Uprising Day, November 29 and 30 are Republic Days. If the celebration falls on a weekend, then the weekdays that follow are also considered weekends.
Political system of the country
According to the country's Constitution, adopted in 2007, Montenegro is a free democratic state. The President of Montenegro is elected for a five-year term by general secret ballot. Since 2003, the state has been led by Filip Vujanovic. During the reign of the current president, the independence of Montenegro was proclaimed in May 2006. The residence of the President of Montenegro is located in Cetinje.
Currency regulation
What is the currency in Montenegro? The monetary currency in Montenegro is the euro. There are no special restrictions on import and export. Tourists are allowed to import and export any amount of foreign currency that was declared upon entering the country; without a declaration, the export of cash currency from the country is allowed no more than 500 euros. When exporting large amounts, they must be declared. In this case, it is necessary to present a declaration stating that the indicated amount of currency was previously imported into the Montenegro area. The State National Bank operates only on weekdays. Commercial banks accept clients on Thursdays and Fridays. On weekends, only currency exchange offices are open. It is better to use plastic cards, then the question of which currency is best to pay in Montenegro and where to change it will not arise.
Hotels
Over the past decades, a huge current has flowed into the economy of Montenegro - tourism, bringing significant profits to the state. The excellent ecological situation and convenient location are attracting more and more wealthy Europeans here. Recently, many comfortable hotels, inns, private villas and mini-hotels have been built in Montenegro, and money has been invested in the development of resort infrastructure. Many hotels have undergone renovations. Accommodation in private villas is very common. Typically, this is a 3-5-storey building with standard rooms and apartments, equipped with everything necessary for a comfortable stay. Almost all of them provide tourists with breakfast. All private villas are located at a distance of 900 to 200 m from hotels in private villas: check-in to rooms after 12:00, check-out before 11:00. Population composition by ethnicity: Montenegrins (43%) and Serbs (32%), other nationalities - Bosnians, Albanians, Croats, Russians, Gypsies. The official language in the country is Montenegrin.
Religion in Montenegro
The majority of the Montenegrin population professes the Orthodox Christian faith (74%), with a minority of Islam (18%) and Catholicism (4%). The most popular attraction of the state is the Ostrog Monastery. It is located 15 km from Danilovgrad in a delightful natural place. This monastery is a famous Orthodox shrine in the world; hundreds of thousands of pilgrims of various faiths come to it every year to touch the miraculous power of the relics of St. Basil of Ostrog. The top of the monastery is carved into the rock at an altitude of 900 m and looks amazing.
The Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Montenegro is one of the most stunning Orthodox churches in the world. There is a special attitude towards religion in Montenegro. In the nineties of the 20th century, construction of the cathedral began in Podgorica. It was a grandiose project in its scale and beauty, the most majestic Orthodox church in the Balkans. The construction of the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ began in 1993 by Metropolitan Amfilohije of Montenegro and Primorye. The cathedral can be visited by five thousand parishioners at the same time. The largest bell was made in Voronezh at the Anisimov plant and weighs 10 tons. Together, all 14 bells of the temple weigh close to 20 tons. The temple is still being painted and completed today.
Nature
The clearest sea of the Adriatic, captivating mountain ranges, a coast with many inlets, protected from strong winds and storms, excellent beaches, sun, magnificent nature - this is all Montenegro. Its description can be continued endlessly, but it is better to see everything with your own eyes.
In the early 90s, Montenegro was called a country of clean, untouched and protected nature. This is a land of sharp contrasts, located in a small area. Montenegro has both a sea with excellent beaches and mountains covered with snow all year round, creating conditions for a ski holiday. The beaches of Montenegro stretch along the Adriatic coast. 173 beaches with a total length of 73 km occupy a quarter of the entire 293 km coastline. A tourist can visit a beach with different preferences - with fine or coarse sand, pebbly or rocky, in calm creeks or on capes protruding into the sea, there are beaches with modern amenities or wild beaches with pristine nature. The water in the sea is dark blue, its transparency is amazing - 40-55 meters, salinity ranges from 28% in the Boka Kotorska inlet, and up to 38% in the south near Ulcinj. There are nudist beaches, and there is even a nudist village. At the level of mountain cliffs, the climate is typical subalpine - with cold snowy winters and moderate summers. In the northern mountains of Montenegro, snow usually lies for many months, and sometimes even throughout the year.
Transport and communications
What kind of transport is developed in the country? Air transport. Montenegro has two airports of international importance - in the cities of Tivat and Podgorica. National cannot yet compete with the largest carriers, but its planes fly to Europe and the neighboring Balkan countries. Regular flights here are also operated by the Russian Aeroflot and the Serbian airline JAT.
There is also a railway here that connects the following cities: Subotica - Novi - Sad - Belgrade - Bar. The railway runs from the port through Podgorica to Belgrade, and there is also a direction from Podgorica to Niksic. Water transport. Port - city of Bar. There is a constant ferry crossing to Italy (route Bar - Bari). Seaports: Kotor and Perast. Maritime transport connects everything beach resorts on the coast.
There are bus routes between all cities. The roads are quite good, for a mountainous country, and traffic is on the right.
Main highways: Adriatic Highway; routes from the coast through Podgorica to Sarajevo and Belgrade. In the country, the bus is the most common form of transportation, and in some places it is the only one. Stops on request along the way are allowed. Advice for tourists: it is better to buy a ticket at any kiosk, because a ticket purchased on the bus will be about 2 times more expensive.
Operators mobile communications in Montenegro are the companies ProMonte and Monet.
Safety
For safety reasons, video and photography can only be done where there is no special sign - a crossed out camera. It is not allowed to photograph transport and energy facilities, port facilities and military facilities. By the way, in Montenegro today the crime rate is very low, so both residents and tourists of this country can feel safe and calmly enjoy the picturesque beauty of this unique region.
Montenegro is a small country located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula on the Adriatic Sea coast. Its area is only 13.8 thousand km2. However, 4 different natural and climatic regions can be distinguished on the territory of the country: coastal, plateau, highland and flat, leading to Lake Skadar.
In the west, Montenegro borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the coast with Croatia, in the north and northeast with Serbia, and in the east with Albania. From the south it is limited by the Adriatic Sea, the length of the coastline is about 300 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km, of which 56 km are sandy beaches.
The coast of Montenegro, only 2-10 km wide, is sandwiched between the sea and a rocky plateau that falls steeply towards it. Montenegro is home to one of the best harbors in Europe - the Bay of Kotor (protrudes into the coast for more than 20 km), consisting of several spacious bays connected by narrow canals. For a long time there was a belief that the bay was a fjord, but now it is believed that the Bay of Kotor is the remains of a river canyon that once existed here. Strong tectonic and karst processes led to its gradual destruction.
A karst plateau rises above the coast; the terrain here is harsh, but beautiful in its own way. The rocks dry out quickly: even the heaviest annual rainfalls cannot significantly moisten the soil, so there are few plants and animals here. Rare areas of fertile land are found only on small plains and crater-shaped depressions. The Lovcen National Park is located here.
The basin of Lake Skadar, the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Bjelopavlica plain and the Nikšić field make up a flat region with an elevation difference of 350 m. The bulk of the population of Montenegro lives in the flat region. Here are the two largest cities of the country - Podgorica and Niksic, as well as the Skadar Lake national park.
In the north of the country, northeast of the Piva, Komarnica and Moraca rivers, there is a highland region. In the highlands, 4 large mountain ranges can be distinguished: Visitor, Durmitor and Komovi (they form the Dinaric Highlands) and Prokletiye (Cursed Mountains). The height of the peaks reaches more than 2000 m above sea level. The most high point Montenegro - Mount Bobotov Kuk (2522 m) is located in the Durmitor massif. In the highlands there are pastures and forests, and numerous mountain lakes. The rivers Piva, Tara, Moraca and their tributaries have carved narrow canyons with steep banks in the rocks. The Tara River canyon is the largest in Europe and the second in the world, its depth reaches 1300 m. There are also two national parks in this region - Biogradska Gora and Durmitor.
Montenegro
Montenegrin Crna Gora
It got its name from Mount Lovcen (1749 m), located in historical center countries near the Bay of Kotor.
Soils
A distinctive feature of Montenegro is the accumulation of red soil in the coastal region. This type of soil, resulting from the weathering of dolomite and limestone rocks, is also common in the depressions of the karst region; The bare rocks of the southern part of the karst have practically no soil. The soils of mountainous regions are represented by ordinary brown forest and podzolic soils. The eastern regions are more fertile and covered with forests and grass.
Arable land - 13.7%, land occupied by permanent grain crops - 1% (2005). There are no irrigated lands. (2003).
Ecology and protected areas
In areas of intense tourism, such as Kotor, coastal areas are polluted by sewage.
According to the constitution of Montenegro, the republic is an “ecological state”; 8.1% of the territory is under various environmental regimes (including National parks Durmitor, Lovcen, Biogradska Gora and Lake Skadar).
Geographical position countries
Montenegro is a state in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula.
Geographical coordinates: 42 30 N, 19 18 E
The territory of the country has the shape of an irregular trapezoid, with its apex facing the sea. The length from north to south and from west to east is about 200 km, the Adriatic coast is about 100 km (not counting the coastline of the winding Bay of Kotor).
It is washed by the Adriatic Sea and has land borders with Croatia in the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northwest, Serbia in the northeast, the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo in the east, and Albania in the southeast.
The territory of the country can be divided into three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, the relatively flat central part of the country, where its two largest cities are located: Podgorica and Niksic, and the mountain systems of the east of the country.
Length land borders the state is 614 km: in the west with the Republic of Croatia - 14 km; in the northwest with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km; in the northeast with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo 203 km; in the southeast with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.
Continental coastline Montenegro has a length of about 300 km. Montenegro has 14 sea islands, the total length of the coastline of which is 15.6 km. In the north-west of the country there is a large bay of Boka Kotorska, which has a water surface area of 87.3 km² and cuts into the land at 29.6 km.
The length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km. The temperature of sea water for seven months ranges from + 12 to +26 ° C, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
Relief of the country
The Republic of Montenegro occupies the highest edge of the Dinaric Highlands, consisting of separate mountain ranges, ridges and intermountain basins. Here, many peaks rise above 2000 m above sea level; in the south, on the border with Albania, is the highest point of the country - Mount Djaravica (2656 m). The marginal ridges of the highlands have a steep fall towards the Adriatic Sea.
Some of the mountain ranges are a bare karst plateau, while others, and most of them, are covered with dense coniferous forests, which gave some philologists the right to derive the name of the country from the blackness of the mountain dark coniferous forests.
The rocky plateaus are a picturesque region of Montenegro, which literally adjoins the coast. Mountain and sea air currents meet here. This region is sparsely populated. In the area above Kotor, precipitation levels reach about 4800 mm per year: this is the highest in Europe. Heavy downpours can be observed here for many days.
Central Plain. Lake Skadar, the valley of the Zeta River and the plains in the area of the largest cities of Montenegro Niksic, Danilovgrad and Podgorica. Its average height is 40 m (in the north. The fertile lowlands and river valleys are an ideal place for settlements, so the largest number of the country's population is concentrated here. The three largest major cities in the country - Niksic and Podgorica and Danilovgrad, as well as the Skadar Lake National Park. The plains do not occupy too large areas. The region of Lake Skadar, the valley of the Zeta River and the Niksic field are well suited for farming. Essentially, all the fertile lands of the country are limited to this, so Montenegro is by no means an agricultural country. The plain has a very warm climate, summers are warmer than in the subtropics of the seaside. Warm air masses they walk from the sea along the valley and reach Podgorica, which is why it is the warmest city in all of Montenegro.
Highlands. The north of Montenegro is occupied by high mountains. These mountains are rich in pastures, forests and lakes. The rivers Moratsa, Piva, Tara and their tributaries cut canyons into the rocks - narrow channels with steep banks. There are two national parks in this region - Biograd and Durmitor. The highlands occupy the largest area of the country and are its important attraction. Here there are mountain plateaus surrounded on all sides at an altitude of 1400-1700 meters. They are separated by mountain peaks over 2000 meters high, including the most high mountain Bobotov Kuk is located on the Durmitor massif - 2522 meters. Except majestic mountains The area is extremely attractive for its ponds. In total, there are 29 alpine lakes of rare beauty in Montenegro. Mountain rivers such as Piva, Tara, Moraca, Zeta also flow here. Over the millions of years of their existence, these rivers, as well as their tributaries, have carved narrow channels with steep banks in the rocks - canyons, whose beauty and size are unique. The Tara River canyon is the largest in Europe, its depth reaches 1300 meters. Only the Grand Canyon in Colorado is larger. The Tara River, the purest European river, protected by UNESCO, is suitable for active tourism, for example, rafting.
Climate of Montenegro
Montenegro has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by dry and hot summers and cool winters with heavy rainfall. Despite the fact that the country's territory is small, 4 climatic regions can be distinguished here: coast, rocky plateau, plain and highlands.
A narrow strip, 2 - 10 km wide, along the coast of Montenegro, bears the most pronounced features of the Mediterranean climate. Summer there is hot (the average daily temperature in July is 28..30 o C), and there is little precipitation (25 - 50 mm per month). The rainy period lasts from November to January, during which time 170 - 260 mm falls per month; in the north of the coast 1.5 times more precipitation falls than in the south. The average monthly temperature at night in January does not fall below 4..5 o C, and during the day 11..13 o C. Negative temperatures are not observed every year. The swimming season lasts 5 months from the end of May to October, the water temperature is 20..25 o C.
A rocky plateau separates the coast from the interior of the country. It receives the most rainfall in Europe, as its southwestern slopes trap moist air coming from the sea. Thus, in the village of Krivosie, located above the Bay of Kotor, 480 mm of precipitation per day was recorded. In the town of Crkvice, the maximum annual rainfall fell - 5155 mm, and in the cultural capital of the country, Cetinje, located on a plateau near Mount Lovcen - the maximum average annual rainfall (3927 mm/year). Just like on the coast, in summer there is noticeably less precipitation (60 - 80 mm in July), and the rainiest month is November (500 - 700 mm). The difference in altitude between the coast and the plateau is on average 1000 m, and the height of some peaks reaches 1700 m. Therefore, in summer it is cooler here than on the coast; the average daily temperature in July varies from 23 to 27 o C depending on the altitude. in winter average temperature at night -3..-5 o C, and during the day 5..8 o C. Snow usually falls in December and persists until mid-March.
The plain is protected by a rocky plateau from the direct influence of the Adriatic Sea, so in summer it is hotter than on the coast (average daytime temperature in July 30..32 o C), and in winter it is cooler: on average 0..3 o C at night and 9..11 o Happy day. Precipitation occurs mainly in autumn and winter. In July, 30-60 mm of precipitation falls, and in November 250-300 mm.
The climate of the highlands has subalpine features. In winter, the average temperature at night is -6..-9 o C, and during the day 0..3 o C, but it decreases with altitude. Snow usually falls at the end of November and persists until the end of March. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year, with a maximum in November (can fall from 100 to 300 mm per month depending on the orientation of the slope). Summer is cool, the average temperature during the day is 19..23 o C (high in the mountains it can be colder!), and at night 8..10 o C.
Rivers and lakes
The longest rivers in Montenegro: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Ceotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Boyana (30 km). About 52.2% of Montenegrin rivers belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47.8% to the Adriatic Sea basin. Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout their entire length through the territory of Montenegro. The Boyana River was previously the only navigable river in Montenegro; At the moment it is not navigable. Most Montenegrin rivers are mountainous and form deep canyons. The Tara River Canyon, about 1200 m deep, is the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. The rivers of Montenegro have an energy potential of 115 kW per 1 km² of territory, which is a very high figure. However, for various reasons (including environmental ones), hydropower is not developed in the country.
The largest lake in Montenegro and the entire Balkan Peninsula is Skadar. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the lake (by area) are located on the territory of Montenegro, one third - on the territory of Albania. 40 mountainous islands rise above the surface of the lake. The second largest lake in Montenegro is Shasskoe (3.64 km²), located near Ulcinj. Also on the territory of Montenegro there are 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin (the so-called “mountain eyes”), the total area of which is 3.89 km². They are called “mountain eyes” because the water in them is unusually clean and calm. Not only do they resemble the eyes of nature in their shape and purity. In them, as in eyes drooping with “eyelashes,” pine needles are reflected Mountain peaks. The most beautiful of the lakes is Black Lake. Its area is 516,000 sq. meters, it is located at an altitude of 1,418 meters above sea level. Its clear water can be seen to a depth of 9 meters. Black Lake consists of two lakes – Big and Small. During the flood, the water big lake In the vicinity of Zabljak it goes underground, having traveled quite a distance in the depths, under the canyon of the Tara River, comes to the surface and becomes its right tributary. In the same way, the water leaving through the bottom of the Small Lake comes to the surface in the Komarnica canyon, and together with it flows into the Piva River. The Tara and Piva rivers merge to form the Drina River. Snake Lake is located in a dense forest at an altitude of 1,495 meters, and Small Lake is 1,788 meters above sea level. Many legends are associated with each of the lakes, the names of which are translated as Rybnoe, Goluboe, Wavy, Vrazhe, Zeleny.
Vegetable world
Thanks to the mountainous terrain and southern latitudes, the vegetation of this small republic is very diverse. On the territory of Montenegro, 1.2% of the world’s flora, approximately 3,500 plant species, grows. The country ranks 1st in Europe in terms of the number of plant species per unit area. These are mainly rare, endemic and relict species, among which there are medicinal, aromatic and melliferous plants. Most The territory (about 80%) is occupied by forests in which spruce, fir, beech, elm, oak, maple, rowan, and lime grow. Meadows are also common. On the Adriatic coast and islands there are thickets of hard-leaved evergreen shrubs (maquis) and areas of subtropical forests (holm oak, laurel, myrtle, etc.); large areas are covered with tough grasses.
Due to the fact that the average altitude of Montenegro above sea level is 1500 m, a lot of light and ultraviolet rays fall on plants, which is very important for the appearance of medicinal properties. Among the climatic factors, a significant amount of precipitation should be noted. Most of them fall in spring and autumn.
Mountain plants receive moisture from night dew. On the other hand, summer dryness also has its effect, because... promotes the formation of a large amount of oily substance. Soil composition also affects vegetation diversity.
Animal world
Thanks to the forests, a rich natural fauna has been preserved in Montenegro. Large animals live in mountainous areas: brown bears, lynxes, wild boars, wolves, deer, fallow deer, chamois, wild goats. There are jackals on the coast, and turtles, snakes, and lizards in the karst areas. Lizards and snakes live on rocky slopes. The world of birds is also rich; woodpeckers, turtle doves, cuckoos, partridges, and thrushes live here. Numerous predators are also common (golden eagle, vulture, etc.). Fish stocks, both marine and freshwater, are also significant. The rivers and lakes are home to carp, pike, perch, trout, and eel. In the Adriatic Sea, sardine, mackerel, tuna, palamid, and mullet are of commercial importance.
