UNESCO cultural monuments. Russian natural sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, preliminary list, and prospective for inclusion
World Heritage refers to various natural or man-made sites that should be preserved for future generations because of their special cultural, historical or environmental significance. As of 2012, there are 962 items on this list, 754 of which are cultural monuments, 188 – natural and 29 – mixed.
UNESCO was established in 1945 and its purpose is to protect and preserve places of special value or physical significance for all mankind. In 1954, during the construction of the Aswan Dam, Abu Simbel, a man-made temple carved into the rock, was flooded. The responsible organization allocated money so that the building could be dismantled and moved to a more high place. This unprecedented action took four years, and highly qualified specialists from 54 countries were involved in its implementation in a short time.
Today on the pages of Forum-Grad we will discuss quite interesting topic– UNESCO World Heritage List.
Aldabra Atoll
The atoll consists entirely of corals and is a group of four islands separated by narrow straits. It is located north of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. Belongs to the state of Seychelles.
Aldabra is considered the second largest in the world after Christmas Island (Kiritimati) in the Kiribati archipelago. Its dimensions are: 34 km long and 14.5 km long, height above sea level up to 8 m. The area of the internal lagoon is 224 sq. m. km.
Since the 17th century, it was used by the French to hunt giant sea turtles, as their meat was considered an exquisite delicacy. For a long time, pirates also ruled these places, because the atoll is located far from populated areas.
In 1982, this piece of paradise was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as a unique natural monument. This is one of the few islands on our planet that has not been touched by civilization. Currently, it is home to a huge population of giant sea turtles (more than 152 thousand) and two completely unique species of bats. Entry into this nature reserve is strictly controlled, and all approaches by sea are guarded.
Giant statue in China
The huge Maitreya Buddha is carved into a rock at the confluence of three rivers - Minjiang, Qingyijiang and Daduhe near the city of Leshan in China. According to ancient legend, a famous monk named Haithong of the Tang Dynasty, concerned about the frequent shipwrecks and deaths of people in the whirlpool just opposite this rock, made a vow to carve stone statue sitting Buddha. He raised funds and began construction, and his followers completed the work. The largest monument in the world was built over 90 years - from 713 to 803.
For the convenience of visitors, a special path “Nine Turns” was built here, consisting of 250 steps. Next to the path there is a pavilion where tourists can relax and admire the face of the giant up close.
Almost until the middle of the 13th century, a huge seven-story wooden structure protected the statue from the weather, but over time it collapsed, and the structure remained defenseless against the natural elements. Garbage left by tourists began to accumulate at the foot, and the waters of three rivers washed away the base in the shape of a lotus.
The local department hired 40 workers to restore the unique statue to its former glory. About $700,000 was invested in the project and another $730,000 was invested in improving security systems.
Every year, more than 2 million travelers from all over the world come to see the seated Buddha and add about $84 million to the budget of the Leshan tourism department.
Hatra, or El-Khadr
This is an ancient destroyed city as part of the Parthian kingdom, the ruins of which are still located in Northern Iraq in the province of Nineveh, northwest of the country's capital, Baghdad. It was founded in the 3rd century, and its heyday occurred in the 2nd-1st centuries BC.
The total area was about 320 hectares, in shape it resembled an oval, surrounded by a double line of high stone walls with four gates oriented to the cardinal points. The most powerful defensive wall, two meters high, was made of stone, behind which there was a deep ditch up to 500 meters wide. There were 163 defensive towers at a distance of 35 meters from each other.
The city belonged to the Arab princes, who regularly paid tribute to the warlike Persians, and was located at the crossroads of the main trade routes of that time. In the center there was a palace and temple complex with an area of about 12,000 square meters. meters. Due to its transit location, El-Khadr included religious buildings of different directions; it was even called the “House of God.”
Thanks to good defensive structures and vigilant round-the-clock security, the ancient city withstood even the attacks of the legionnaires of the Roman Empire in 116 and 198 AD, but in 241 Hatra fell under siege by the Persian ruler Shapur and was soon destroyed and consigned to oblivion.
House Schröder by Gerrit Thomas Rietveld
This house was specially built in 1924 for the 35-year-old widow Truus Schröder-Schrader and her three children in the small Dutch town of Utrecht. The building is distinguished by innovative solutions in the original and unusual for those times exterior design, as well as the appearance of spacious balconies and huge windows.
The project and the entire internal layout were developed by the novice architect Gerrit Thomas Rietveld. The widow proposed a number of unusual innovations, which it was also decided to implement. So, an elevator was built in the kitchen on the ground floor, in which ready-made dishes were served upstairs directly to the set table. All the interiors of the first level are quite traditional for that time. The walls are made of antique bricks.
But on the second floor, according to the owner of the house, the entire space remained completely open, and it can be divided into several rooms at any time using sliding walls. All wardrobes and beds are transformable, assembled during the day and unfolded at night. Instead of the usual curtains, like all the neighbors, multi-colored plywood panels were used.
Currently the unique house belongs to Central Museum the city of Utrecht and there are guided tours that take about an hour.
This building is listed world heritage UNESCO, because it had a significant influence on subsequent architectural trends, and also became the first open-plan house in the world history of architecture.
Krak des Chevaliers
Krak des Chevaliers (or Krak de l'Hospital) is a unique crusader structure located in the state of Syria on the top of a cliff 650 meters high. The nearest city of Homs is 65 km east of the castle.
This is one of the well-preserved fortresses of the Order of Hospitallers in the world. In the 10th century, this castle became his headquarters, where during the crusade a garrison of 2,000 soldiers and 60 knights could be accommodated.
In addition to the powerful walls, many buildings in the Gothic style were reconstructed and restored. These included a large conference hall, water storage tanks, a chapel, an internal aqueduct, storage areas and two stables that could house up to 1,000 horses. In the rock mass under the building there were underground storage facilities for food and water supplies, which could have been enough during a long siege for 5 years.
At the end of the 12th century, during the next crusade impregnable fortress King Edward I of England saw it, and soon his castles appeared in Wales and England, very similar in structure to Krak.
Monastery of Alcobaça
Cistercian monastery "de Santa Maria de Alcobaça, located in the Portuguese city of Alcobaça, was founded by King Afonso Henriques in 1153 and served as a tomb for the rulers of Portugal for two centuries. The cathedral is the first building in the Gothic style built on the territory of the ancient state.
Architecture is historically valuable. The two wings of the main facade are made in the Baroque style, and between them there is a church, the facade of which seems to connect these two directions. At the top there is a balcony supported by four statues - they symbolize the main virtues: justice, fortitude, prudence and sobriety.
In 1755, the whole country was shaken by the great Lisbon Earthquake, which was very destructive, but the temple survived - only the sacristy and part of the service buildings were damaged. However, the original appearance of the historical place could not be restored. Near the entrance to the church is the Hall of the Kings, where there are statues of all the monarchs of Portugal, and the history of this place is written on the walls using blue and white azulejos tiles from the 18th century.
After viewing this masterpiece of early Gothic architecture, other interiors of famous cathedrals in Europe seem gloomy and not so aesthetic. These buildings demonstrate the perfect skills and dedication of medieval craftsmen. And the entire ensemble of “de Santa Maria de Alcobaça” is one of the most beautiful monuments of Portuguese art.
Monte Alban
According to prominent world-famous scientists, this is a fairly large settlement of ancient people in the southeast of Mexico, the state of Oaxaca. Just 9 km from the state capital, on a low ridge of a mountain range passing through the valley, lies a man-made plateau. It contained the very first in all historical region a city that played a significant role as the socio-political and economic center of the Zapotec civilization.
In the early 30s, the ruins of this ancient settlement were discovered by Mexican archaeologist Alfonso Caso. Many pundits equate this discovery to the sensational discovery of the true location of the legendary Troy.
“Mexican Troy” turned out to be a city of high culture; local craftsmen could already process rock crystal and make unique gold jewelry back in 200 BC.
During the excavations, 150 four-chamber crypts, palaces and pyramids very similar to those built by the Mayans, an ancient observatory, a giant amphitheater with 120 rows for spectators, powerful stone stairs 40 meters wide, a structure resembling a stadium and much more were discovered.
The walls of the buildings are decorated with frescoes, relief images of human figures and stone mosaics. Original funeral ceramic urns in the form of gods and various animals were discovered.
Impressive ruins of the center ancient civilization Monte Alban are located in such a way that they are visible from anywhere in the central part of the Oaxaca Valley
Lalibela
It is a small town in northern Ethiopia, located in the Ahmara region at an altitude of 2500 meters above sea level. It is a center of pilgrimage for the entire population of the country, because almost all the residents of the town are Christians of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.
Lalibela was built as the New Jerusalem in response to the Muslim takeover of the Christian holy site in the State of Israel, so many historical buildings have names and architecture similar to the ancient buildings of Jerusalem.
According to 2005 data, the population of the city was 15 thousand people, of which most of(about 8,000) - women. This medieval religious center is famous for its monolithic, three-nave churches carved into volcanic tuff, built at the turn of the 11th - 13th centuries. The bas-reliefs and wall paintings of these ancient structures mix Christian and pagan symbols and motifs.
Thirteen temples seem to grow out of the ground. “Bete Mariam” is considered the oldest, and “Bete Medhane Aleyem” is the largest church in the world, carved into the rock. According to legend, the ashes of King Lalibela rest in the last of the rock-cut churches, Bete Golgotha.
These unique works of architecture by ancient craftsmen are also monuments of the engineering thought of medieval Ethiopia - near many of them there are wells that are filled with water using a complex system based on the use of artesian wells.
Eight hundred years ago people could supply water to a height of 2500 meters!
Ellora
It is a simple village in the state of Maharashtra, India, near the city of Aurangabad. It is famous for the fact that nearby cave temples of different religions are carved into the rocks, the creation of which dates back to the 6th – 9th centuries of the new era. Of the 34 caves in Ellora, 12 in the south are Buddhist, 17 in the center are dedicated to Hindu gods, and 5 to the north are Jain.
Most of the ancient shrines have their own names, the most famous is “Kailas”. This beautiful, perfectly preserved example of ancient architecture is considered one of the most precious monuments in India. In the granite canopy above the entrance to this place, sacred to all Hindus, colossal statues of Shiva, Vishnu and other gods revered in the country are carved.
Next comes the huge goddess Lakshmi - she reclines on lotus flowers, and majestic elephants stand around. On all sides the temple is surrounded by monumental lions and vultures, they are frozen in different poses, and guard the peace of the heavenly kings.
One of the legends says that this piece of paradise was built by one Rajah - Edu of Elichpur - in gratitude for healing with water from a spring located on the territory of the temple.
Vishvakarma has a multi-storey entrance and a large hall in which there is a sculpture of Buddha giving a sermon.
"Indra Sabha" is a two-level monolithic Jain temple.
"Kailasanatha" is the central place of the entire sacred complex, and during the construction of this miracle in the town of Ellora, more than 200,000 tons of rock were removed.
Ancient construction complex in Wudang Mountains
The Wudang Mountains in China are famous for their ancient monasteries and temples. Once upon a time, a university was founded here to study medicine, pharmacology, nutrition, meditation and martial arts.
Back during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the first religious center was opened in this area - the Temple of the Five Dragons. Major construction on the mountain began in the 15th century, when the Yongle Emperor summoned 300 thousand soldiers and built complexes. At that time, 9 monasteries, 36 hermitages and 72 shrines, many gazebos, bridges and multi-tiered pagodas were built, forming 33 architectural ensembles. Construction lasted 12 years, and the complex of structures covered the main peak and 72 small peaks - the length was 80 km.
The “Golden Hall” is one of the most famous; its production required 20 thousand tons of copper and about 300 kg of gold. According to scientists, it was forged in the capital of China, Beijing, and then transported piece by piece to the Wudang Mountains.
The Purple Cloud Temple consists of several halls – “Dragon and Tiger Hall”, “Purple Sky Hall”, “East”, “West” and “Parent”. The shrines of Wu Zhen have been kept here since its founding.
During the troubled times of the Cultural Revolution in China (1966-1976), many places of worship were destroyed, but later restored, and now the complex is visited by tourists from all over the world.
The architecture of the ancient Wudang Mountains complex combines the best achievements of Chinese traditions over the past fifteen hundred years.
"Valley of the Whale" in Egypt
40 million years ago, “Wadi Al-Hitan” was the bottom of the World Ocean, which is why hundreds of skeletons of ancient mammals were preserved here. This unique valley is located 150 km southwest of the capital of Egypt - Cairo. Many whale remains belong to the extinct suborder Archaeoceti, representing one of the most important stages of evolution: the degeneration of terrestrial multi-ton monsters into marine mammals.
Fossil skeletons clearly show the appearance and lifestyle of these giants during their transitional period. In addition, they are all located in an area convenient for study and, importantly, vigilantly guarded.
In addition, there are remains of sea cows "Sirenia" and elephant seals "Moeritherium", as well as prehistoric crocodiles, sea snakes and turtles. Some specimens are so well preserved that the contents of their large stomachs can be studied.
All together helps scientists unravel the still existing mystery of the evolution of these largest mammals on the planet.
Pristine exotic tropical forests
National Park Kerchin Seblat is the largest nature reserve on the island of Sumatra, its area is about 13.7 thousand square meters. km. Here you can see more than 4,000 species of plants, including the world's largest flower - Rafflesia Arnolda, its diameter is 60-100 cm, and its weight reaches up to 8 kg. In addition, this area is home to about 370 species of birds and rare animals (Sumatran tigers, elephants and rhinoceroses, Malayan tapir). There are also hot springs, the highest caldera lake and the highest peak on the island. And recently a muntjac deer was seen here, a species that was considered extinct back in the 30s of the last century.
The second largest is Gunung Löser, with an area of 7927 square meters. km. Located in the Aceh region and around the town of Bukit Lawang. This small town is considered the best starting point for walking around exotic place. Tours are only permitted with a trained guide and special permission.
The most interesting thing in this reserve is the large population of great apes - orangutans. Translated from Malay, it means “forest man”.
The third largest is Bukit Barisan Selatan with an area of 3,568 square meters. km, covering the provinces of Lampung, Bengkulu and South Sumatra. Here you can find very rare animals - the Sumatran elephant and the striped rabbit.
Tourists value Sumatra for rainforests with nature preserved in its original form, for outlandish plants and amazing representatives of exotic fauna. In addition, there are many beautiful and still active volcanoes.
"The Sistine Chapel of Primitive Painting"
“Lascaux” is located in France, 40 km from the city of Périgueux and is considered one of the most important Paleolithic monuments in terms of the quantity, quality and preservation of ancient cave paintings. The cave was discovered by chance in 1940 by four teenagers who noticed a narrow hole in the rock caused by a falling tree. After examination, scientists determined that the age of the rock paintings is more than 17,300 years.
The cave is quite small in size, the totality of all its galleries is about 250 meters, and the average height is 30 meters. Visitors were allowed in from 1948 to 1955, but then it was closed because the ventilation systems could not cope with the carbon dioxide that accumulated inside from the breath of numerous tourists, and the rock paintings could be damaged.
Air conditioning systems were changed several times in the last century, but they were all ineffective, and the historical heritage was periodically closed for maintenance work. And only in the 21st century were powerful units installed that successfully coped with the task.
To preserve the wall paintings, they decided to copy all the images and made a concrete copy, where almost all the rock paintings are presented in the same sequence as the original. The cave was called “Lascaux II”, it is located only 200 meters from the present one and was first opened to travelers in 1983.
Takht-e Jamshid
Takht-e Jamshid in Greek “Persepoles” is the ruins of the capital of the Achaemenid Empire. This place is considered one of the most beautiful monuments history of the state of Iran. It is located on the Marvdasht plain at the foot of Mount Ramhat and was founded by the Great Persian King Darius I in 515 BC.
The area of this stone structure is 135 thousand square meters. meters, it includes the “Gateway of All Nations”, “Apadana Palace”, “Throne Room”, the tomb of the “King of Kings”, an unfinished palace and a treasury. Construction lasted about 45 years and was completed during the reign of Xerxes the Great, the eldest son of Darius.
In Persepolis, mainly the remains of the palace complex and religious buildings have been preserved. The most famous of them is “Apadana” with a ceremonial hall and 72 columns. Five kilometers away is the royal tomb of Naqshe-Rustam and the rock reliefs of Naqshe-Rustam and Naqshe-Rajab.
Here in those distant times there already existed water supply and sewerage, and slave labor was not used during construction. The walls of this unique complex were more than five meters thick and up to 150 centimeters high. You could get into the city by main staircase, consisting of two flights of 111 steps each made of white limestone. Then it was necessary to pass the “Gate of All Nations”.
But the powerful walls did not help, and in 330 the great conqueror Alexander the Great stormed the fortified complex and, during a feast in honor of the victory, burned the capital of the Persian kingdom to the ground, perhaps in retaliation for the Acropolis destroyed by the Persians in Athens.
Cradle of Humanity
The historical monument is located 50 km northwest of Johannesburg in the Gauteng province of South Africa in the south of the African continent. Its area is 474 square meters. km, the complex includes limestone caves, including a group called Sterkfontein, where in 1947 Robert Bloom and John Robinson discovered the fossil remains of an ancient man - "Australopithecus africanus" aged 2.3 million years.
"Taung Rock Fossil Site" - it was here that the famous Taung skull, belonging to an ancient man, was discovered in 1924. The Macapan Valley is famous for the abundance of archaeological traces found in the local caves, confirming the existence of people about 3.3 million years ago.
Fossils discovered here have helped scientists identify ancient hominid specimens dating back to between 4.5 and 2.5 million years ago. These same finds fully confirm the theory that our distant ancestors began to use fire about a million years ago.
Perhaps some of the readers will think that our topic contains a lot of numbers, but this is the story, and not of any individual person, but of our entire civilization.
World Day is celebrated on March 3rd every year wildlife. The date was not chosen by chance: on this day in 1973, the Convention on International Trade in Species of Wild Fauna and Flora was adopted. World Wildlife Day provides an opportunity to celebrate the diversity and beauty of the world around us.
To preserve and enhance not only cultural, but also natural resources planet, in 1972 UNESCO created the List of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, the main purpose of which is to make known and protect objects that are unique in their kind. There are now more than a thousand objects on the list.
The entire diversity of World Heritage is divided into three conditional groups: cultural, natural and cultural-natural objects. There are currently 26 monuments on the territory of Russia, 10 of which are unique natural objects.
Virgin forests of Komi
© Sputnik/I. Puntakov
The virgin forests of Komi were the first to be included in the list of World Natural Heritage in Russia. It's huge and almost touched by man natural massif located in the northeast of the Komi Republic. The local forests mainly contain spruce, pine, fir, as well as several types of birch, larch and cedar.
This site includes one of the oldest nature reserves in Russia, the Pechora-Ilychsky nature reserve, located on the western slopes of the Northern Urals, and the Yugyd Va national park. In general, this entire extended protected area plays a huge role in stabilizing the state of the natural environment. In addition, the pristine nature of the reserve and park is of interest to archaeologists and paleontologists.
Volcanoes of Kamchatka
© Sputnik/Evgeny Neskoromny
The volcanoes of Kamchatka are six separate areas that are located in the east, center and south of the peninsula. Together they reflect almost all the main landscapes of Kamchatka, but at the same time, each of them also has a bright individuality. In total, there are about 30 active and 300 extinct volcanoes.
The boundaries of this UNESCO monument include Kronotsky biosphere reserve(this is a unique picturesque mountainous area, including 26 volcanoes), the little-developed high-mountain Bystrinsky Natural Park, the Klyuchevskoy Natural Park with the Klyuchevskaya Sopka - the highest active volcano in Eurasia - and the Nalychevo Natural Park. The latter includes the famous Nalychevo resort area, where there are about 200 healing springs thermal and mineral waters.
Lake Baikal
© Sputnik/Ilya Pitalev
Lake Baikal is one of the largest natural world heritage sites. This is the oldest freshwater body of water on our planet - its age is usually estimated at 25 million years, and also the deepest lake in the world - its maximum depth is 1620 meters. In addition, Baikal contains approximately 20% of all world reserves fresh water. The beauty of the lake and its surroundings attract tourists from all over Russia and from many countries of the world.
Golden Mountains of Altai
© Sputnik
In the area where the territories of the four largest states of Eurasia—Russia, Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia—converge, are located the Golden Mountains of Altai, one of the most significant mountain systems in Central Asia and Southern Siberia.
Here you can see a wide variety of landscapes - from steppes and taiga to mountain tundras and glaciers. Dominates the area double-headed mountain A beluga whale covered with a cap of eternal snow and ice. It reaches 4506 meters in height and is the highest point not only in Altai, but throughout Siberia. And to the west of Belukha, dozens of mountain glaciers are concentrated.
Western Caucasus
© Sputnik/Vitaly Savelyev
The Western Caucasus is a natural massif located in the western part Greater Caucasus, approximately 50 kilometers northeast of Sochi. More than 6 thousand species of plants and animals have been recorded in this territory, making it unique center biodiversity on the scale of not only the Caucasus, but also Eurasia.
There are several routes along the territory of the reserve. tourist routes, equipped observation decks, a natural museum has been created. The most visited place is the Krasnaya Polyana area, located at the southern borders of the reserve.
Central Sikhote-Alin
© Sputnik/Muravin
This most valuable mountain and forest area is located in the south of the Russian Far East. Here you can see narrow intermountain valleys through which small but fast rapids rivers flow; soaring mountains and rocky cliffs, sometimes plummeting into the waters Sea of Japan. Thanks to the local humid climate, dense forests have formed here, recognized as one of the richest and most original in species composition in the entire Northern Hemisphere.
Ubsunur Basin
© NASA
Ubsunur is a fairly large shallow water salt Lake, located in the western part of a vast and closed intermountain basin. The northern part of this basin is located on the territory of Russia (Tuva), and the southern part is on the territory of Mongolia. The World Heritage Site itself consists of 12 separate sites, seven of which are located in Russia.
All sites are located in different parts of the drainage basin of Lake Ubsunur, so they differ markedly from each other in natural conditions and, in general, represent all the main types of landscapes characteristic of Central Asia. In addition, monuments were found in the basin cultural heritage: ancient burials, rock paintings, stone sculptures.
Wrangel Island
© Sputnik/L. Weisman
The area of Wrangel Island is the northernmost among the world natural heritage sites, it is located approximately 500 kilometers above the border of the Arctic Circle, at 71 degrees north latitude. In addition to Wrangel Island, the object includes Herald Island, located 70 kilometers to the east, as well as the adjacent waters of the East Siberian and Chukchi seas.
The island itself is valuable because it represents a distinctly autonomous ecosystem that has developed in complete isolation over the past 50 thousand years, starting from the time when the island began to separate from the mainland. In addition, this territory is characterized by exceptional biological diversity for the Arctic, with a number of rare and endangered species found here.
Putorana Plateau
© NASA
The boundaries of this object coincide with the boundaries of the Putorana State Nature Reserve, located in the northern part of Central Siberia, 100 kilometers beyond the Arctic Circle. The World Heritage portion of this plateau contains a full range of subarctic and arctic ecosystems preserved in an isolated mountain range, including pristine taiga, forest-tundra, tundra and arctic deserts, as well as pristine cold-water lake and river systems.
Natural Park"Lena Pillars"
© Sputnik/Anton Denisov
The Lena Pillars are rock formations of rare beauty that reach a height of about 100 meters and are located along the banks of the Lena River in the central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The pillars are separated from each other by deep and steep ravines, partially filled with rock debris. The site contains remains of many different species from the Cambrian period.
The material was prepared by the site editors
Russia is a unique country. It ranks first in the world in terms of territorial area and ninth in terms of population. As of 2012, there are 25 specially protected sites in Russia. Fifteen of them have the status of a cultural attraction, the remaining ten are of a natural nature. Six of the fifteen UNESCO cultural sites in Russia are marked “i”, that is, they belong to the masterpieces of human civilization. Four out of ten natural objects have the highest aesthetic criterion “vii”.
The nature of the country is distinguished by a variety of plant and animal forms: northern mosses and lichens coexist with southern palm trees and magnolias, coniferous forests of the taiga form a striking contrast with the steppe crops of wheat and sunflowers.
Climatic, natural and cultural diversity has led to interest in it both from our own and foreign citizens. Natural and man-made attractions, river cruises and rail travel, beach and wellness, sports and extreme tourism make the country attractive to all categories of vacationers.
The main attractions of Russia are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Anyone who wants to discover a great country can start by getting acquainted with twenty-five natural and man-made sites that have a cultural, historical or environmental degree of global significance. and is compiled in order to preserve and display to modern man the full depth of our common civilizational heritage.
UNESCO sites in Russia - PHOTO
The northern capital of Russia was included in the UNESCO List of 36 monuments located not only in St. Petersburg itself, but also in its neighbors - Pushkin and Shlisselburg. The palace and park ensembles of the villages of Gatchina and Strelna, the Koltuvskaya and Yukkovskaya uplands, the Lindulovskaya grove and the Komarovskoye village cemetery - all this constitutes one huge cultural and natural formation, territorially and historically connected with northern capital Russia. Himself represented on the UNESCO List historical center and the old part of the city, the Pulkovo Observatory and the palace and park ensembles of Peterhof, Shuvalovsky Park and the Vyazemsky estate, local fairways and numerous city highways.
Two wooden churches and a bell tower, built in the 18th-19th centuries in Kizhi, were included in the UNESCO List in 1990. The cultural heritage of Karelia is known throughout the world for the Church of the Transfiguration, built, according to legend, without a single nail. Since the mid-20th century, the Kizhi State Historical and Architectural Museum has been operating on the basis of the Kizhi Pogost. Along with the ancient original buildings, it includes objects of wooden religious architecture that were brought and erected in the immediate vicinity - for example, the eight-winged windmill, built in 1928. The wooden fence of the Kizhi churchyard ensemble was reconstructed in 1959 in accordance with the principles of organizing traditional churchyard fences.
Symbols of an entire country and era - the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square - are among the most significant cultural attractions of Russia and the whole world. It seems that there is not a person on Earth who does not know what they look like. When visiting Russia, most foreigners first go to Red Square. The Moscow Kremlin is one of the oldest architectural monuments in Russia. Its majestic walls and numerous towers, its Orthodox cathedrals and palace buildings, its squares and gardens, the Armory Chamber and the Kremlin Palace of Congresses reflect centuries-old history countries. Adjacent to the north-eastern wall of the Kremlin, Red Square is famous not only for the Mausoleum and the Eternal Flame, but also for the numerous events organized there recently. Victory parades, concerts dedicated to Russian Independence Day, New Year's skating rinks - all this can be afforded by one of the largest pedestrian areas in Moscow.
Veliky Novgorod and its surrounding areas are included in the UNESCO list with more than ten cultural sites that are predominantly of a religious nature. Znamensky, Zverin, Antoniev and, the Church of the Nativity on the Red Field, the Church of the Savior on Nereditsa, St. John the Merciful and the Annunciation on Myachina and many other Orthodox buildings date back to ancient periods Russian history and represent unique architectural complexes. Novgorod child(that is, the Kremlin) and the part of the city related to it is interesting from the point of view of historical and architectural heritage.
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky Monastery was built in the 20-30s of the 15th century. It spreads over four islands Solovetsky archipelago. The cultural and historical ensemble "Solovetsky Islands" includes the main monastery, Ascension and Savvatievsky monasteries, St. Isaac's, Makarievskaya and Filippovskaya hermitages on the Bolshoi Solovetsky Island, Sergievsky Monastery on the island of Bolshaya Muksalma, Trinity and Golgotha-Ruspyatsky Monastery and Eleazar Hermitage on Anzer and St. Andrew's Hermitage and Stone Labyrinths on Bolshoi Zayatsky Island. IN Soviet time The largest special-purpose forced labor camp in the USSR, Solovetsky, operated on the monastery territory. Monastic life became possible here only at the end of 1990.
Eight architectural monuments of ancient Russian architecture, mostly of a white stone nature, were included in the UNESCO list in 1992. All of them are located on the territory Vladimir region and belong to the Orthodox culture of Russia. In Vladimir there are three UNESCO-protected sites: the Dmitrievsky Cathedral, built in the 12th century, as well as the Golden Gate. In Suzdal there is a 12th-century Kremlin with the Nativity Cathedral and the Spaso-Efimievsky Monastery, built in the 16th-17th centuries. The village of Bogolyubovo is known to Orthodox pilgrims for the Palace of Andrei Bogolyubsky and the magnificent. The Church of Boris and Gleb in the village of Kideksha is the first white stone building in northeastern Rus'.
Built in the 16th century, the Church of the Ascension of the Lord is the first stone Orthodox church to use a tent instead of a classic dome. According to legend, it was erected on the occasion of the birth of Ivan the Terrible. The place for the temple was chosen on the right bank of the Moscow River, famous for its miraculous spring. The Church of the Ascension of the Lord has the appearance of a centric temple-tower, rising above the ground to a height of 62 meters. The architectural design of the church shows features of the early Renaissance. The temple is surrounded in a circle by a two-tiered gallery-promenade.
The Holy Trinity Lavra of Sergius was founded by St. Sergius of Radonezh in 1337. Currently it is the largest Orthodox monastery in Russia. The Trinity-Sergius Lavra is located in the center of Sergiev Posad, a city in the Moscow region. The designation “Laurel” indicates the crowded, large population of the monastery. The architectural ensemble of the monastery consists of fifty buildings of various functional purposes. Among them there are Orthodox cathedrals, numerous bell towers, and royal palaces. Boris Godunov and members of his family found their final refuge in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
The virgin forests of Komi are known as the largest intact forests growing in Europe. They occupy an area of 32,600 square kilometers in the north of the Ural Mountains, within the Pechero-Ilychsky Nature Reserve and the Yugyd Va National Park. In terms of their composition, Komi forests belong to the taiga ecosystem. They are dominated by coniferous trees. West Side forests are in the foothills area, the eastern part is in the mountains themselves. The Komi forest is distinguished by the diversity of not only flora, but also fauna. More than two hundred species of birds live here, and rare species of fish are found. Many forest plants are protected.
For the whole world, Baikal is a lake, for residents of Russia, who are in love with a unique natural object, Baikal is a sea! Located in Eastern Siberia it is the deepest lake on the planet and, at the same time, the largest natural reservoir of fresh water by volume. The shape of Baikal looks like a crescent. The maximum depth of the lake is 1642 meters with an average depth of 744. Baikal contains 19 percent of all fresh water on the planet. The lake is fed by more than three hundred rivers and streams. Baikal water has a high oxygen content. Its temperature rarely exceeds plus 8-9 degrees Celsius even in summer in the surface area. The water of the lake is so clean and transparent that it allows you to see at a depth of up to forty meters.
The volcanoes of Kamchatka are part of the Pacific volcanic ring of fire - a large chain of main active volcanoes planets. Unique natural sites were included in the UNESCO List in 1996, together with the adjacent territories, characterized by picturesque views and biological diversity. The exact number of volcanoes on the peninsula is unknown. Scientists talk about several hundred and even thousands of objects. About thirty of them are classified as active. The most famous Kamchatka volcano is Klyuchevskaya Sopka - the highest volcano in Eurasia and the most active on the peninsula. The volcanoes of Kamchatka have different volcanic origins and are divided into two belts superimposed on each other - the Middle and East Kamchatka.
A large biosphere reserve in the Primorsky Territory was originally created to preserve the sable population. Currently, it represents the most convenient place to observe life Amur tiger. A huge number of plants grow on the territory of the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve. More than a thousand higher species, more than a hundred mosses, about four hundred lichens, more than six hundred species of algae and more than five hundred fungi. The local fauna is represented by a large number of birds, marine invertebrates and insects. Many plants, birds, animals and insects are protected species. Schisandra chinensis and edelweiss Palibina, spotted deer and Himalayan bear, black kite and Japanese starling, Sakhalin sturgeon and swallowtail butterfly - they all found shelter in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve.
The three most significant areas of the Altai Mountains - the Altai and Katunsky reserves and the Ukok plateau - were included in the UNESCO list in 1998 under the name “Golden Mountains of Altai”. Mount Belukha and Lake Teletskoye were also included in the list of protected geographical sites. The Altai Mountains received the natural criterion “x” for the most fully presented picture of alpine vegetation. In this area, five belts follow one after another: steppe, forest-steppe, mixed, subalpine and alpine. The territory of the golden mountains of Altai is home to rare species of animals - snow leopard, Siberian mountain goat and others.
The basin of Lake Uvs-Nur, located in the Republic of Tyva, belongs to both Russia and Mongolia. On the part of the Russian Federation, it is represented by the Ubsunur Basin biosphere nature reserve, which includes both the waters of the lake itself and the adjacent land areas. The latter is home to a unique and, in many ways, diverse ecosystem of the region - here you can find both glaciers and the northernmost deserts in Eurasia. On the territory of the Ubsunur depression there are taiga zones, forest and classical steppes, alpine tundra and meadows. The area of the reserve is replete with several tens of thousands of unexcavated burial mounds of ancient nomadic tribes.
Located in the Western Caucasus, the natural biosphere reserve belongs to the category of state ones. It is a large natural formation belonging to two climatic zones - temperate and subtropical. More than 900 species of vascular plants and 700 species of fungi grow on the territory of the reserve. Initially Caucasian Reserve was called bison. Nowadays, it was decided to abandon this definition, since, in addition to bison, there are a large number of other mammals, each of which requires state protection. Today, on the territory of the reserve you can find wild boars and roe deer, Western Caucasian tur and brown bear, Caucasian mink and bison.
Not only the Moscow and Novgorod Kremlin are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The Kazan Kremlin is also among the culturally significant objects of world significance. Its historical and architectural complex, consisting of a white-stone Kremlin, temples and other buildings, is a monument of three historical periods: XII-XIII, XIV-XV and XV-XVI centuries. The Kremlin territory of Kazan has the shape of an irregular polygon, coinciding in outline with the hill on which the ancient settlement is located. Initially, the Kazan Kremlin was a Bulgarian fortress. Then it came under the rule of the Kazan Khanate. After the capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible, the first Orthodox churches. In 2005, in honor of the millennium of Kazan, the main mosque of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kul Sharif, was built within the Kazan Kremlin.
Currently, the Ferapontov Monastery is one of the inactive monasteries. The Ferapontovsky branch of the Kirillo-Belozersky Museum-Reserve and the unique Museum of Dionysian Frescoes located there became a stumbling block between the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the Russian Orthodox Church. In 2000, the Ferapontov Monastery was included in the UNESCO List, which finally gave it the status of not so much a religious, but a cultural heritage of humanity. The architectural ensemble of the monastery is represented by the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, painted by the famous Moscow icon painter of the 15th-16th centuries - Dionysius, the monumental Church of the Annunciation, the treasury chamber and service buildings.
The Curonian Spit is a long, narrow strip of sandy land that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea. According to its geographical status, this natural object is sometimes classified as a peninsula. The length of the Curonian Spit is 98 kilometers, the width is from 400 to 4 kilometers. The saber-shaped strip of land belongs half to Russia, half to Lithuania. On Russian territory, the Curonian Spit contains the national park of the same name. The original peninsula was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List due to its biological diversity. Numerous landscapes, from deserts to tundra, a large amount of flora and fauna, as well as the ancient migration route of birds make the Curonian Spit a unique natural complex that needs protection.
Most Southern City Russia, located in the Republic of Dagestan, Derbent, is one of the ancient cities peace. The first settlements on its territory arose at the end of the 4th millennium BC. The city acquired its modern appearance in 438. In those distant times, Derbent was a Persian fortress, consisting of the Naryn-Kala citadel and double walls descending to the Caspian Sea. The ancient fortress, old town and fortifications of Derbent were included in the UNESCO List in 2003. Naryn-Kala has survived to this day in the form of ruins, ancient temple fire worshipers, a mosque, baths and water reservoirs located on its territory.
Wrangel Island, located in the Arctic Ocean, was discovered in 1849. In 1926, the first polar station was created on it, in 1948 the island was inhabited by domesticated reindeer, and in 1975 by musk oxen. The latest event led to the fact that the authorities of the Magadan region decided to establish a nature reserve on Wrangel Island, which also included the neighboring Herald Island. At the end of the 20th century, the adjacent water areas also became part of the Wrangel Island nature reserve. The island's flora consists mainly of ancient plant species. The fauna of the area is poorly developed: most often, birds and walruses are found here, which have established their main Russian rookery on Wrangel Island.
The Novodevichy Mother of God-Smolensk Monastery was founded in 1524 in honor of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God “Hodegetria”. The location of the Orthodox women's monastery is the Maiden's Field in Moscow. In the center of the monastery is the five-domed Smolensk Cathedral, from which the creation of everything began architectural ensemble religious monument of the Russian capital. In the 17th century, the Church of the Assumption was built around it Holy Mother of God, Church of the Transfiguration, Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, bell tower, refectory, Lopukhinsky, Mariinsky and Funeral Chambers.
The historical center of Yaroslavl, consisting of Rubleny Gorod (the local Kremlin) and Zemlyanoy Gorod, was noted by UNESCO in 2005 as an outstanding architectural example of urban planning reform carried out under Catherine II. Construction from the time of classicism took place near the parish church of Elijah the Prophet, in front of which there was a semicircular square. Streets-beams were drawn to it, each of which ended at an earlier date of construction. architectural monument– the Assumption Cathedral on Strelka, the Znamenskaya and Uglich towers, the Church of Simeon the Stylite.
A network of 265 geodetic reference points, created in the first half of the 19th century to study earth parameters, is currently found in many European cities. On Russian territory it is represented by two points - “Point Mäkipällus” and “Point Z”, located on the island of Gogland. Of more than two hundred objects of the Struve arc, only 34 points have survived to this day, which served as the basis for including a unique scientific monument of humanity in the List of especially valuable cultural objects of our time.
Like many natural sites in Russia included in the UNESCO List, the Putarana Plateau was included in it due to the unique combination of different ecological systems. Located within an isolated mountain range, the Putorana State Nature Reserve combines the subarctic and arctic zones, taiga, forest-tundra and arctic desert within its territory. The Putorana subspecies of the snow leopard, listed in the Red Book of Russia, lives on the territory of the reserve. The world's largest population of wild reindeer also winters on the plateau.
Located on the territory of the Sakha Republic, the Lena Pillars are the most recent Russian site included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2012. The geological formation, located on the banks of the Lena, is a multi-kilometer complex of vertically elongated rocks. At the heart of the unique natural monument lies Cambrian limestone. Scientists attribute the beginning of the formation of the Lena Pillars to the Early Cambrian, a time 560 million years distant from ours. The relief form of the Lena Pillars was formed much later - only 400 thousand years ago. Near the Lena Pillars there is a natural park of the same name. On its territory there are blowing sands and the site of an ancient man. Fossilized remains of mammoths are also found here.
The list of natural and cultural attractions created by UNESCO is a kind of quality mark, telling the traveler that it is worth seeing. We decided to tell you about those Russian sites that were included in the World Heritage Register. What if you don’t know about some of them?
Architectural and historical complex Bulgar
On the territory of Tatarstan, the ruins of a city founded by the Volga Bulgars (Turkic tribes) have been preserved. In 1361, the city was destroyed by the Golden Horde prince Bulat-Timur - fortunately, not completely. The fort has survived to this day and was recognized a unique monument in 2014.
Wrangel Island
Wrangel Island is the northernmost of the UNESCO World List sites. It includes not only the island of the same name, but also the neighboring Herald Island, as well as the adjacent waters of the Chukotka and East Siberian Seas. The islands are famous for their huge walrus rookeries and the highest density of dens in the world. polar bear. The reserve was recognized as a heritage of humanity in 2004.
Historical center of Yaroslavl
One of the dominant features of Yaroslavl is the Spassky Monastery complex, which is often called the Kremlin. Together with other historical buildings of the city, it was included in the World Heritage List in 2005.
Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye
It was built on the royal estate in 1532, when Kolomenskoye was not yet a territory of Moscow. The church was recognized as a heritage of humanity in 1994.
Lake Baikal
Surprisingly, the deepest lake in the world was not recognized as a heritage of humanity among the first natural attractions. UNESCO noted the exclusivity of this reservoir only in 1996.
Architectural ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra
In 1993, the list was replenished with the main attraction of Sergiev Posad. The largest monastery in Russia was founded back in 1337, and the laurel acquired its familiar appearance by XVIII century, when most of the buildings available to the public today appeared here.
Western Caucasus
The Western Caucasus Mountains, on whose territory, for example, the Sochi National Park and the Ritsa Nature Reserve are located, stretch from Anapa to Elbrus. Here you can find both low-mountain terrain and typically alpine landscapes with numerous glaciers. The mountains were included in the UNESCO list in 1999.
Citadel, old town and fortifications of Derbent
Derbent is considered the oldest city Russia. The first mention of it dates back to the 6th century BC, when it was called the Caspian Gate. There is a citadel and fortifications here, which are 16 centuries old. In 2003, UNESCO recognized them as an exceptional historical monument.
Golden Altai Mountains
It was under this name that three sections of the Altai Mountains were included in the UNESCO list in 1998: the Altai and Katunsky reserves and the Ukok plateau. Despite the status of specially protected areas, cases of poaching are still common here.
Ensemble of the Ferapontov Monastery
Ferapontov Monastery in Vologda region construction began in the 15th century. For centuries it was the most important cultural and religious center of the Belozersky region. Today, in the buildings of the monastery, included in the UNESCO list in 2000, there is a museum and the bishop's courtyard of the Vologda Metropolis.
Volcanoes of Kamchatka
In 1996, the Kamchatka volcanoes were recognized as a World Heritage Site, and five years later UNESCO expanded the protected area. A large number of active volcanoes are concentrated here, which makes this area unique even by global standards.
Historical and architectural complex "Kazan Kremlin"
The only Russian Kremlin, on the territory of which a church adjoins a mosque, is located in Kazan. It began to be built in the 10th century, and more or less modern look he acquired it only six centuries later. Today, the fortress, which has been considered a heritage of humanity since 2000, is the main attraction of the capital of Tatarstan and a favorite place for walks for citizens.
Putorana Plateau
Lenta.ru has written more than once about the Putorana Plateau, which was included in the World Heritage List in 2010. This natural reserve, stunning in its beauty, is located in the north of Central Siberia, 100 kilometers beyond the Arctic Circle. Here you can see untouched taiga, forest-tundra and arctic desert.
White stone monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal
In 1992, the white stone monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal were recognized as World Heritage Sites. The cities located very close to each other are an ideal weekend route, varied and not tiring.
Moscow Kremlin and Red Square
In 1990, one of the first to be included in the list was the main square of Russia (together with the Kremlin). In total, Moscow has three UNESCO-listed attractions, more than in any other region of the country.
Curonian Spit
Partially located on the territory of Lithuania, the Curonian Spit is one of the main natural attractions of the Kaliningrad region. Its length is 98 kilometers, and its width ranges from 400 meters at its narrowest point to four kilometers at its widest. The spit was included in the UNESCO heritage list in 2000.
Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent
Another Moscow landmark - the Novodevichy Convent - was created in the 16th-17th centuries. The monastery is prominent representative Moscow Baroque and is famous for the fact that women from the royal family were tonsured here as nuns. The importance of the monastery for world culture was recognized in 2005.
Virgin forests of Komi
The largest Russian attraction on the list covers an area of 3.28 million hectares, including lowland tundra, mountain tundra of the Urals and one of the largest tracts of primary boreal forests. These territories have been protected by the state for the past 50 years; the forests were included in the UNESCO list in 1995.
Architectural ensemble of the Kizhi Pogost
Many people go to Karelia for the sake of Kizhi and Solovki. Both islands are included in the World Heritage List. Kizhi Pogost, a monument of wooden architecture, was included in the list in 1990.
Lena pillars
Located in the largest region of the country - Yakutia, the pillars are located almost 200 kilometers from the republican center. Excursions here are expensive, but those who have visited the pillars say that they do not regret the money spent. In 2012, the uniqueness of the natural monument was noted by UNESCO.
Historical center of St. Petersburg
One of the most famous attractions not only in Russia, but also beyond its borders is the center of St. Petersburg. The "Venice of the North", with its canals and more than 400 bridges, was included in the UNESCO list in 1990.
Ubsunur Basin
Another attraction that Russia shares with other states (there are three of them in total). The Ubsunur Basin, partially located on the territory of Mongolia, consists of 12 isolated areas, united by a common name. The local steppes are home to a huge number of birds, rare mammals are found in desert areas, and the snow leopard, listed in the Red Book, lives in the highlands. The basin was included in the UNESCO list in 2006.
Cultural and historical ensemble "Solovetsky Islands"
The Solovetsky archipelago has six islands, and its total area is more than 300 square kilometers. Despite the fact that it is located on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region, most travelers sail here from Karelia - it’s more convenient. The archipelago was included in the list in 1992.
The ancient city of Chersonesos Tauride and its choir
Khersones is familiar to everyone who has vacationed in Crimea at least once. The ruins of the ancient polis, which is today part of Sevastopol, were added to the UNESCO list in 2013.
Struve geodetic arc
“Struve Arc” is a chain of triangulation points stretching for almost three thousand kilometers across the territory of ten European countries from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea. It appeared at the beginning of the 19th century and was used for the first reliable measurement of a large segment of the earth's meridian arc. It was created by the astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve, better known in those days under the name Vasily Yakovlevich Struve. In 2005, the attraction was included in the UNESCO heritage list.
Historical monuments of Novgorod and surrounding areas
In the 9th century, Novgorod became the first capital of Russia. It is logical that it was one of the first to be included in the World Heritage List. UNESCO recognized it as a heritage of humanity in 1992.
Work is underway to submit the following natural objects to the List: Volga Delta, Lena Delta, Green Belt of Fennoscandia, Kurile Islands, Valdai - Great Divide, Western Sayan, Beringia and Solovetsky Islands.
Natural sites included in the World Heritage List |
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Square | State | |
Virgin forests of Komi | 3.279 million hectares | Inscribed on the World Heritage List (1995) Criteria - N ii, iii |
1. State Biosphere Reserve "Pechora-Ilychsky" | 721 322 | |
2. Yugyd Va National Park | 1 891 701 | |
3. Protected zone of the reserve | 666 000 | |
Lake Baikal | 8.8 million hectares | Listed (1996) Criteria - N i, ii, iii, iv |
1. State Biosphere Reserve "Baikal" | 165 724 | |
2. State Biosphere Reserve "Barguzinsky" | 374 322 | |
3. State Nature Reserve "Baikalo-Lensky" | 660 000 | |
4. Pribaikalsky National Park | 418 000 | |
5. National Park "Zabaikalsky" | 246 000 | |
6. Reserve "Frolikhinsky" | 910 200 | |
7. Reserve "Kabansky" | 18 000 | |
8. National Park "Tunkinsky" (partially) | ||
Volcanoes of Kamchatka | 3.996 million hectares | Included in the List (1996). Expanded in 2001 Criteria - N i, ii, iii, iv |
1. State Biosphere Reserve "Kronotsky" | 1 147 619,37 | |
2. Natural Park "Bystrinsky" | 1 368 592 | |
3. Natural Park "Nalychevsky" | 286 025 | |
4. Natural Park "South Kamchatka" | 500 511 | |
5. Federal Nature Reserve "South Kamchatsky" | 322 000 | |
6. Natural Park "Klyuchevskoy" | 371 022 | |
Golden Mountains of Altai | 1.509 million hectares | Included in the List (1998) Criterion - N iv |
1. State Biosphere Reserve "Altai" | 881 238 | |
2. State Biosphere Reserve "Katunsky" | 150 079 | |
3. Natural Park "Mount Belukha" | 131 337 | |
4. Ukok Nature Park | 252 904 | |
5. Buffer zone "Teletskoye Lake" | 93 753 | |
Western Caucasus | 0.301 million hectares | Listed (1999) Criteria - N ii, iv |
1. State Biosphere Reserve "Caucasian" with a buffer zone | 288 200 | |
2. Natural Park "Bolshoy Thach" | 3 700 | |
3. Natural monument "Upper reaches of the rivers Pshekha and Pshekhashkha" | 5 776 | |
4. Natural monument "Upper reaches of the Tsitsa River" | 1 913 | |
5. Natural monument "Buiny Ridge" | 1 480 | |
Curonian Spit(shared with Lithuania) | 0.031 million hectares | Listed (2000) Criterion - C v |
1. National Park Curonian Spit" (Russia) | 6 600 | |
2. National Park "Kursiu Nerijos" (Lithuania) | 24 600 | |
1.567 million hectares | Included in the List (2001). Expanded in 2018 Criterion - N iv |
|
1. State Biosphere Reserve "Sikhote-Alin" | 401 600 | |
2. Bikin National Park | 1 160 469 | |
3. Reserve "Goralovy" | 4 749 | |
Ubsunur Basin(shared with Mongolia) | 0.883 million hectares | Listed (2003) Criteria - N ii, iv |
1. State Biosphere Reserve "Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina" (Russia) | 73 529 | |
2. Biosphere Reserve "Uvs Nuur" (Mongolia) | 810 233,5 | |
Wrangel Island | 2.226 million hectares | Listed (2004) Criteria - N ii, iv |
State Nature Reserve "Wrangel Island" | ||
Putorana Plateau | 1.887 million hectares | Listed (2010) Criteria - vii, ix |
State Nature Reserve "Putoransky" | ||
Lena pillars | 1.387 million hectares | Listed (2012) Criteria - viii |
Natural Park of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) "Lena Pillars" | ||
Landscapes of Dauria(shared with Mongolia) | 0.913 million hectares | Included in the List (2017) Criteria - (ix), (x) |
1. State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Daursky" | 49 765 | |
2. Protected zone of the State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Daursky" | 117 690 | |
3. Federal reserve "Dzeren Valley" | 111 568 | |
Total area in the Russian Federation: | 279 023 | |
4. Strictly protected area “Mongol Daguur” | 110 377 | |
5. Buffer zone of the strictly protected area “Mongol Daguur” | 477 064 | |
6. Nature reserve "Ugtam" | 46 160 | |
Total area in Mongolia: | 633 601 |
Natural sites included in the Tentative List |
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Objects and territories included in them | Square | State |
Valaam archipelago | 0.026 million hectares | Included in the Preliminary List of the Russian Federation on May 15, 1996. |
Natural Park "Valaam Archipelago" | ||
Magadan Nature Reserve | 0.884 million hectares | Nomination has been prepared |
State Nature Reserve "Magadansky" | ||
Commander Islands | 3.649 million hectares | Included in the Preliminary List of the Russian Federation on 02/07/2005. Nomination has been prepared |
State Nature Reserve "Commander" | ||
Great Vasyugan swamp | 0.4 million hectares | |
State complex reserve of the Tyumen region "Vasyugansky" | ||
Krasnoyarsk pillars | 0.047 million hectares | Included in the Preliminary List of the Russian Federation on March 6, 2007. |
State Nature Reserve "Stolby" | ||
Ilmen Mountains | 0.034 million hectares |
Included in the Preliminary List of the Russian Federation on August 11, 2008. Nomination has been prepared |
State Nature Reserve RAS "Ilmensky" | ||
Bashkir Ural | 0.045 million hectares | Included in the Preliminary List of the Russian Federation on January 30, 2012. |
Natural objects promising for inclusion in the Preliminary List |
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Objects and territories included in them | Square | State |
Beringia | 2.911 million hectares | Recommended by IUCN for inclusion in the List |
1. Beringia National Park (RF) | 1,819,154 ha | |
2. national reserve Bering Land Bridge (USA) | 1,091,595 ha | |
Volga Delta | 0.068 million hectares | criterion N iv. Nomination has been prepared |
State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Astrakhan" | ||
Lena Delta | 1.433 million hectares | Recommended by IUCN for inclusion in the List in accordance with criterion N iv. Nomination has been prepared |
State Nature Reserve "Ust-Lensky" | ||
Kurile Islands | 0.295 million hectares | Nomination has been prepared |
1. State Nature Reserve "Kurilsky" and its buffer zone | 65,365 and 41,475 | |
2. Biological reserve "Little Kuriles" | 45 000 | |
3. Reserve of regional significance "Urup Island" | 143 000 | |
Green Belt of Fennoscandia(shared with Finland and Norway) | 0.541 million hectares | The Russian part of the nomination has been prepared |
1. State Biosphere Reserve "Lapland" | 278 436 | |
2. State Nature Reserve "Kostomuksha" | 47 457 | |
3. Pasvik State Nature Reserve | 14 727 | |
4. Paanajärvi National Park | 104 354 | |
5. National Park "Kalevalsky" | 95 886 | |
Valdai - Great Divide | 0.183 million hectares | Nomination has been prepared |
1. Valdai National Park | 158 500 | |
2. State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Central Forest" | 24 447 |
Natural objects not included in the List |
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Objects and territories included in them | Square | State |
Vodlozersky National Park | 0.58 million hectares | |
1. Vodlozersky National Park | 404 700 | |
2. Reserve "Kozhozersky" | 178 600 | |
Bashkir Ural | 0.2 million hectares | Not included in the List (1998) |
1. State Biosphere Reserve "Shulgan-Tash" | 22 531 | |
2. State Nature Reserve "Bashkir" | 49 609 | |
3. National Park "Bashkiria" (strictly protected area) | 32 740 | |
4. Reserve "Altyn Solok" | 93 580 | |
Teberdinsky Reserve(extension of the "Western Caucasus" object) | 0.085 million hectares | Not included in the List (2004) |
State Biosphere Reserve "Teberdinsky" |
Russia, of course, is rich in unique and, what is very important, natural complexes that have not been affected by economic activity. According to rough estimates by scientists, there are about 20 territories in our country that are worthy of the status of a World Natural Heritage site. The list of the most promising areas was determined during the joint project of UNESCO and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) on boreal forests.