The deepest lakes in Russia. The largest lake in Russia Lake Ladoga or Lake Baikal is how big

Russia can be called a country of lakes; there are more than two million of them in our country.

Their total area is 350 thousand square kilometers, and the volume of lake water is estimated at 26 thousand cubic kilometers.

Russia has the largest lake in Europe - Ladoga, as well as the deepest lake in the world - Baikal. Baikal is also the world leader in fresh water reserves (22% of world reserves and 85% of Russian ones). On the territory of the Russian Federation, lakes are distributed unevenly; there are regions in which there are a lot of them (the Republic of Karelia, for example), and there are regions poor in lakes (for example, the Republic of Tyva).

Small lake in the Republic of Karelia

Most lakes are of glacial origin. Of the two million, most (about 95%) are small lakes.

Ten largest lakes in Russia(not counting the Caspian Sea):

Name		Area sq.km	Maximum depth in meters
	Irkutsk region, Buryatia
Ladoga	Leningrad region and Karelia
Lake Onega	Vologda and Leningrad regions, Karelia
	Krasnoyarsk region
	Primorsky Krai
Chudsko-Pskovskoe	Pskov region
	Novosibirsk region
	Vologda Region
Topozero

Lakes in Russia are a favorite vacation spot for Russians, many of them are important for the economies of the regions (transport routes, fishing). Unfortunately, there are also plenty of problems, in particular with water pollution and poaching of fish.

In this section on our website we will talk about the largest lakes in Russia. You can find detailed information about small ones in the regional sections; there we bypass only very small bodies of water.

Lake in Leningrad region

Lake Middle Kuito, Republic of Karelia

Baikal is the largest freshwater lake in Russia (the Caspian Sea only partially washes our country). It is located in the south of Siberia in the Irkutsk and Buryat regions. This is one of the greatest lakes in the world, the cradle of ancient cultures and peoples. Its area is 31 thousand square kilometers.

Due to its unusual shape, amazing natural features and the structure of the bottom bowl, since ancient times Baikal has been divided into three parts: Southern, Northern and Middle. Each has its own unique vegetation, its own unique landscape and climatic conditions.

Baikal climate

Baikal stretches into five climatic zones (mountain, steppe, swamp, taiga and mountain).

It is best to come here in the summer: the climate is milder and there are more opportunities to find good accommodation. However, at any time of the year the lake is beautiful in its own way. There are few tourists in winter, but those who make it there will be rewarded with beautiful landscapes with winter fog and clean lake air.

Winter means skiing and ice fishing. Spring on the lake begins late. The ice melts only in early June, so it can be chilly. You can see bears on the beaches of the Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve.

It is especially beautiful here in summer and early September.

Nature of Baikal

The flora and fauna of Lake Baikal is extremely diverse and there are up to three thousand species. More than half of them are found nowhere else (endemics). The most famous inhabitants of the lake are grayling, omul, whitefish, sturgeon, and lenok.

In Baikal there lives a mammal typical of the seas (this is very rare for lakes) - the seal.

Baikal is a favorite vacation spot not only for our compatriots, but also for travelers from all over the world. The best vacation spots are the village of Listvyanka, located on the coast of the lake and the sources of the Angara River.

Olkhon Island is a place where it is rarely cloudy, but it is best to go here in July to catch some of the Siberian warmth. Favorite activities of tourists are fishing, hunting and diving.

Interesting facts about Baikal

Water evaporation from the surface of Baikal is insignificant, so clouds form over the lake extremely rarely. No matter what time of year you come, you will almost always find clear skies.

Lake on the map

Photos

The largest lakes in Russia

On the territory of Russia there are over two million lakes with a total area of ​​more than 350 thousand km² (excluding the Caspian Sea-lake). The total reserves of lake water reach 26 thousand km³. Most of the lakes are of glacial origin.

The largest lakes in the European part of Russia (located mainly in its north-west) are Ladoga and Onega (with an area of ​​17,680 and 9,720 km², respectively); Lake Peipus-Pskov on the border with Estonia (3550 km²); Ilmen (about 1000 km², the area varies depending on the water level), as well as Topozero, Vygozero and other “lake regions” of Karelia.

The largest lake in Siberia and Russia (excluding the Caspian Sea) - Baikal - is also the deepest in the world; Baikal contains 85% of Russia's fresh lake water and 22% of the world's fresh water reserves. The length of the lake is 636 km, the average width is 48 km; total area - 31.7 thousand km²; the greatest depth is 1620 m (Teletskoye Lake (325 m) in Altai and Khantaiskoye Lake (520 m) in Pre-Taimyr region are also very deep). Baikal is located in a rift basin and is approximately 25-30 million years old

Caspian Sea tops the rating of “The Largest Lakes in the World” - despite the fact that it is called a sea, in fact it is the largest closed lake on the planet. It is located at the junction of Europe and Asia, and is called a sea only because of its size. The Caspian Sea is an endorheic lake, and the water in it is salty, from 0.05 ‰ near the mouth of the Volga to 11-13 ‰ in the southeast.

The Caspian Sea is shaped like the Latin letter S, its length from north to south is approximately 1200 kilometers, from west to east - from 195 to 435 kilometers, on average 310-320 kilometers.

The Caspian Sea is conventionally divided according to physical and geographical conditions into 3 parts - the Northern Caspian, the Middle Caspian and the Southern Caspian.

The conditional border between the Northern and Middle Caspian Seas runs along the line Chechen (island) - Tyub-Karagansky Cape, between the Middle and Southern Caspian Seas - along the line Zhiloy (island) - Gan-Gulu (cape). The area of ​​the Northern, Middle and Southern Caspian is respectively 25, 36, 39 percent of the total area of ​​the Caspian Sea

The length of the coastline of the Caspian Sea is estimated at approximately 6500 - 6700 kilometers, with islands - up to 7000 kilometers. The shores of the Caspian Sea in most of its territory are low-lying and smooth. In the northern part, the coastline is indented by water channels and islands of the Volga and Ural deltas, the banks are low and swampy, and the water surface in many places is covered with thickets

The east coast is dominated by limestone shores adjacent to semi-deserts and deserts. The most winding coasts are on the western coast in the area of ​​the Absheron Peninsula and on the eastern coast in the area of ​​the Kazakh Gulf and Kara-Bogaz-Gol

The area and volume of water in the Caspian Sea varies significantly depending on fluctuations in water levels. At a water level of 26.75 m, the area is approximately 371,000 km square kilometers, the volume of water is 78,648 cubic kilometers, which is approximately 44 percent of the world's lake water reserves. The maximum depth of the Caspian Sea is in the South Caspian depression, 1025 meters from its surface level. In terms of maximum depth, the Caspian Sea is second only to Baikal (1620 m) and Tanganyika (1435 m). The average depth of the Caspian Sea is 208 meters. At the same time, the northern part of the Caspian Sea is shallow, its maximum depth does not exceed 25 meters, and the average depth is 4 meters.

There are about one hundred thousand lakes and about 20 large reservoirs in the Murmansk region. The largest lake in the region is Imandra (876 km²), the deepest is Umbozero (115 m).

Largest lakes

Lake	District (district)	Area, km²	Altitude above sea level, m	Depth, m	River basin
Chudzyavr	Lovozersky district	57,8	-	Crow
Chiliavr	Lovozersky district	38,6	-	Varzina
Umbozero	Lovozersky district	Umba
Tolvand	Kandalaksha district	52,7	97,8	-	Kovda
Sergozero	Tersky district	-	Varzuga
Notozero	Kola district	78,9	Tuloma
Lower Pirenga	Kovdorsky district	58,5	-	Niva
Nizhneye Ondomozero	Tersky district	31,8	-	Chavanga
Moncheozero	Monchegorsk	39,1	-	Niva
Lyavozero	Lovozersky district	38,2	216,6	-	Kharlovka
Lovozero	Lovozersky district	Crow
Kolozero	Olenegorsk	140,9	-	Cola
Kolvitskoe	Tersky district	-	Kolvitsa
Kovdozero	Kandalaksha district	224	Kovda
Kanozero	Tersky district	84,3	-	Umba
Kalozhnoe	Kovdorsky district	33,3	-	Niva
Imandra	-	Niva
Yonozero	Lovozersky district	94,4	220,4	-	Varzina
Vyalozero	Tersky district	98,6	-	Umba
Upper Pirenga	Kovdorsky district	88,8	-	Niva
Upper Ondomozero	Tersky district	54,7	164,9	-	Chavanga
Babozero	Tersky district	-	Varzuga

Imandra

Imandra- the largest lake on the Kola Peninsula. The length of the lake is 109 kilometers, the width varies from 9 to 19 kilometers. The total area of ​​the reservoir is 885 sq. m, and if you subtract the area of ​​the islands from it, it will be 815.5 square kilometers. The lake consists of three reaches: Bolshaya Imandra, Yokostrovskaya Imandra and Babinskaya Imandra. The reaches are connected by the Yokostrovsky and Shirokaya Salma straits.

Oz. Imandra is a type of moderately cold water body. After the lake is freed from ice, the water mass begins to quickly heat up, and direct temperature stratification is established. In July, further warming of the reservoir occurs, somewhat slower in open parts and faster in shallow water and coastal parts. The temperature transition through 10 °C is usually observed in the third ten days of July. The water layer warms up the most up to 10 m (up to 14 °C, and in some years up to 18 °C); deeper, the temperature drops much more slowly.

Flora and fauna:

Fish appeared in the reservoirs of the European Arctic after the retreat of the last glacier, i.e. approximately 10 thousand years ago. Ichthyofauna of water bodies of the Kola North, including lake. Imandra is relatively poor in species. The fish part of the Imandra community is represented by four faunal complexes: boreal lowland - pike, perch, ruffe, ide, lake minnow; boreal-piedmont - grayling, brown trout; Ponto-Caspian freshwater - stickleback; Arctic freshwater - whitefish, loaches of the genus Salvelinus, smelt, burbot. Fishing here is especially interesting and productive in May. In terms of the number of species in the lake, fish of the boreal lowland complex dominate, but the main share of ichthyoproducts is made up of fish of the freshwater arctic complex. Fishing is a common activity in these places. In commercial catches their share sometimes reaches 90%.

And finally, the flora and fauna that developed on the borders of the tundra and forest zones. The forests of the Lake Imandra basin are home to many wild animals and birds, such as brown bear, reindeer, elk, wolverine, wolf, hare, marten, etc.

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Physiographic statistics of Russia

Big lakes of Russia

For lakes, consider the following numerical characteristics:

Water surface area;

Surface height above sea level;

Water volume;

Average depth;

Greatest depth;

Salinity.

Salinity, although at any given moment can be expressed numerically, is usually given as a qualitative indicator: lake fresh, salty, salty, bitter-salty; sometimes among salt lakes they distinguish self-propelled. This is explained by the fact that in most salt lakes the salinity value changes throughout the year, and significantly, sometimes several times. Salinity is associated with another property of the lake - the presence or absence of runoff.

Information about the largest lakes by area located on the territory of Russia or on its borders is given in Table 1.
It contains information about natural bodies of water. But there are lakes whose level is artificially raised by hydraulic structures; Accordingly, the area of ​​the reservoir has also increased, and if the rise is significant and the banks of the reservoir are low, the increase in area can be very large, so it is impossible to say for sure whether the reservoir has become a reservoir or remains a lake.

Here's more information about some of the lakes included in the table.

Caspian Sea- lake, the largest in the world in terms of area and volume of water. Five states border its shores. The origin of the basin is tectonic. The Northern Caspian is shallow, great depths are found in the Middle and Southern Caspian, separated by the Absheron ridge, which is an underwater connection of the Caucasus and Kopetdag mountain systems. The salinity of most of the reservoir is approximately three times less than that of the ocean; in the north the water is almost fresh.

Baikal- the largest freshwater lake in Eurasia. Tectonic basin (Baikal rift).

During the construction of the Irkutsk reservoir, the level was raised by 0.8 m, but this had little effect on the area: the banks are steep. The deepest lake in the world. Until the end of the 50s of the twentieth century. they gave a depth of 1741 m on maps and in textbooks, then it was recognized as erroneous and they began to indicate 1620 m. Recently, making more and more amendments to the instrument readings, they give values ​​of 1632, 1637 and 1642 m; the last figure is confirmed by studies conducted by reputable scientific organizations; we will accept it.

Ladoga And Lake Onega- the largest in Europe. The basins were processed by the glacier, but the main depressions are tectonic, so the basins should be considered tectonic.

Taimyr- a lake on the Taimyr Peninsula, in the Byrranga mountains. The basin is tectonic, processed by a glacier. Level fluctuations are up to 6 m, because of this the area changes from 4560 to 1200 km 2.

Khanka- a lake on the border with China. Please note to students: due to the configuration of the border, the southern part of the lake coast belongs to Russia, and the northern part belongs to China.

Lake Peipus-Pskov is located on the border of Russia and Estonia and consists of two parts - the northern, larger (Chudskoye Lake), and the southern (Pskovskoye) parts, connected by a strait (Teploye Lake). The battle of Alexander Nevsky with the Teutonic knights in 1242 took place on the ice of Lake Warm.

Uvsu-Nur- a lake on the border of Russia (Tuva) and Mongolia.

Khantayskoye Lake in the Putorana Mountains, in a tectonic basin, the third deepest in Russia after Lake Baikal and the Caspian Sea.

Imandra- a lake in the tectonic basin between the Khibiny and Monchetundra mountains. The level was raised as a result of the construction of a dam and a reservoir was created.

Notozero- in fact, a reservoir into which the lake entered entirely, increasing its area by 9.5 times (it was 78.9 km 2).

Red- lake near the mouth of the river. Anadyr is connected to it by a channel. Subject to the influence of sea tides.

From the lake Vozhe The small river Svid flows out and flows into the lake. Lacha, where Onega flows.

We have already drawn attention to the fact that information about the depth of lakes is often incomplete 1 .

The deepest lakes are distinguished only among those that are large in area. Meanwhile, small lakes, for example, karst sinkholes 2, can be very deep. In Kabardino-Balkaria, near Nalchik, there is Lake Tserik-Kel with an area of ​​about 1 hectare (that is, on a map of scale 1: 100,000 it will be 1 mm2), and its depth is 238 m. It is included in Table 2, but where is the guarantee , that there are no other lakes similar to it?

table 2

The deepest lakes in Russia

The location of the lakes included in both tables is indicated on the map. Most of the lakes are marked with off-scale signs; they would not be expressed on a scale, but such a diagram will help you find the necessary objects on a map of a larger scale.

1 K.S. Lazarevich. Physiographic objects in numbers. - M.: LLC “Chistye Prudy”, 2005. - (Library “First of September”, series “Geography”). - P. 26.

2 V.K. Lesnenko. World of Lakes: A book for extracurricular reading for students in grades 8-10. avg. schools. - M.: Education, 1989. - (World of Knowledge). - P. 30.

K.S. LAZAREVICH

New data on the depth of Lake Baikal The newest map of the bottom of the deepest freshwater lake on the planet, Lake Baikal, has been created. The work involved scientists from Russia, as well as the Renard Center for Marine Geology of the University of Ghent (Belgium) and the joint research group for marine geosciences of the University of Barcelona (Spain). According to the chief researcher of the Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. Sciences Pavel Sherstyankin, measurement methods are being improved, and currently the deepest place on the “glorious sea” is known - 1642 m from the surface. The new map shows almost 1.5 million depth points. The map will become an indispensable working tool for scientists, primarily geologists, ichthyologists, and seismologists. ITAR-TASS. 08/12/2004

The largest lakes in Russia

Table 1

Lakes of Russia with an area of ​​more than 350 km 2

Lakes are ranked by water surface area.
Designations in the column “Salinity”:
P - fresh,
S - salty,
GS - bitter-salty.
For lakes whose names are marked with an asterisk (*), explanations are given in the text.

Posted Mon, 15/08/2016 - 08:53 by Cap

Etymology

In early Russian written monuments, the origin of the name is unknown. Probably the ancient, Dauphinian origin of the name of the lake.

There are several versions of the origin of the name:
Academician A. M. Sjögren derives the name of the lake from the Finnish. ääni - sound, voice, hence - “sounding (noisy) lake.”
A.L. Pogodin deciphers this toponym from the Sami. agne - “sand” + jegge - “low-lying plain”.
Professor, Doctor of Philology I. I. Mullonen believes that the name of the lake could have come from the Sami. äne and Baltic-Finnish änine/äniz, which means “large, significant”.

The main beach of Novgorod is located on the banks of the Volkhov, right next to the walls of the Kremlin. However, in hot weather it is packed to capacity, and it would seem that relaxing on Ilmen is more pleasant than in the city. However, the lake shores are low, often swampy, overgrown with reeds and indented by channels, so there are few beaches in the usual sense on Ilmen. All places suitable for swimming can be recognized by the quality of their dachas and country houses - real estate in “resort” areas is expensive. A good sandy beach is located near the Perynsky monastery, a good one is near the villages of Ondvor and Ilmen, as well as near Sergovo. They are all wild, i.e. unfurnished. Their cleanliness depends only on the environmental consciousness of vacationers, which still leaves much to be desired. On the southern shore of the lake, 30 km from Staraya Russa, there is the popular town of Korostyn with a pebble beach.

Another name is Ostashkovskoye, after the name of the city of Ostashkov, located on the lake shore.
The area of ​​the lake is 260 km², including about 38 km² of islands (there are more than 160 of them on Seliger). The largest is Khachin.
The area of ​​the entire basin is 2275 km².

Maximum depth: 55 m
Area: 300 hectares
Altitude: 1790 m
Administrative region: Ust-Koksinsky
Tourist area: Katunskie squirrels

Its name comes from the Altai tribe of Teleuts, and in Altai it is called Altyn-Kol, which means “golden lake”. According to an old legend, in ancient times there was a famine in Altai. One Altai man had a large gold bar, but, having walked all over Altai, he could not buy anything with it. Frustrated and hungry, the “rich” poor man threw his ingot into the lake and died in its waves. Since then, in the Altai language the lake has been called Altyn-Kol - “golden lake”.

Translated from Bashkir, the name of the lake means “Beaver Lake”. Beavers lived here before, but now you won’t see them here anymore.

There is another version: but according to legend, on the northern shore, on the red sandy mountain from which stones fall into the lake, there used to be a khan’s headquarters.

Over time, the area began to be called “Khan-tora”, “Khan-torganer”, the place where the khan lives gradually began to be called Kandra.

The food is mixed, snow, underground and rain.

The water in the lake is slightly brackish with high mineralization.

The vegetation is represented by reeds, cattails and common reeds.

Lake Asylykul was formed, as many researchers claim, on the site of a giant karst sinkhole, gradually filled with water due to precipitation and groundwater. This happened, according to scientists, a million years ago.

In strong windy weather, it resembles the sea: huge waves wash ashore, truly creating the sound of the sea surf. The southern coast is a rather steep slope with a height difference from 210 to 370 meters. The eastern side of this slope is covered with mixed forest, the middle part is covered with young larch and pine plantations.

ORIGIN OF THE NAME OF THE LAKE

There are several translation options for the name of the lake - “bitter lake”, “collapsed lake”, “bright lake”.

The presence of the word “bitter” in one of the interpretations of the name is explained by the salinity of the lake due to the high mineralization of the water due to the drainage of the lake. A kind of small sea in the center of Bashkiria.

first ice on Lake Galich


The water level in the lake is 100 m above sea level. Lake Galich is fed mainly by groundwater. From the eastern side several rivers flow into it, the largest are Chelsma and Serednaya, and Vyoksa flows out.
On the southern shore of the lake is the city of Galich.
The lake is rich in fish, but in recent years there has been a tendency for it to become shallower. Due to the shallowness of the water, 70% of the reservoir's area is overgrown with thickets and silt, which can threaten the lake's ecosystem.

SALT LAKE CAMPAIGN

Razval is a small salt lake of artificial origin, located on the southern outskirts of the city of Sol-Iletsk, Orenburg region. Lake Razval is the largest of the group of Iletsk lakes: Tuzluchnoe, Teploye, Dunino, Novoe, Maloe and Bolshoye Gorodskoe lakes.
In the middle of the 18th century (1754), the industrial development of the Iletsk salt dome began in the Sol-Iletsk district of the Orenburg region. At the point where the salt core emerged on the day surface, Mount Tuz-Tyube rose. By the end of the 19th century, a basin up to 35 meters deep, 300 meters long, and 240 meters wide appeared in place of the mountain. In April 1906, as a result of the flooding of the basin by the flood waters of the Peschanka River, Lake Razval was formed with an area of ​​6.8 hectares with maximum depths of up to 22 meters.
The water in Lake Sol-Iletsk is a saturated saline solution containing more than 200 grams of salt per liter of water.
Lake Razval does not freeze even in the most severe frosts, and from a depth of 2-3 meters to the bottom it has negative temperatures all year round. In terms of the chemical composition and salt concentration, the water in Lake Sol-Iletsk is similar to the water in the Dead Sea. There are no living organisms or vegetation in the lake. No household waste is dumped into Razval, so the lake is environmentally friendly.
Due to the high salinity, the water in the lake has a higher density than the human body, and therefore it is impossible to go to the bottom while swimming. Since 2002, the lake has been surrounded by a lattice-metal fence.
There are several restaurants and a beach disco here. People from various countries come to the lake, mainly Russia and Kazakhstan.

Lake Tuzluchnoye (mud)
It is the oldest of all the surviving lakes of the Sol-Iletsk salt dome.
The area of ​​the lake is 23,750 sq. m., depth 2.5 meters, thickness of the mud layer up to 2 meters or more. The most active part of the mud is the colloidal complex.
It contains iron sulfide, silicic acid, and tiny clay particles. Hormones and biogenic stimulants - substances make up the most valuable part of the mud. A course of treatment with mud helps to resolve scars, improve joint function, scar ulcers, relieve chronic pain syndromes, normalize the function of the reproductive system, and treat the female genital area.

Lake Dunino (bromine, formed in 1896)
Formed in 1896. It is located 50 meters east of Lake Razval
The area of ​​the lake is 88,550 sq.m. , depth 13 meters. It contains more than 20 thousand cubic meters of healing mud and a lot of bromine.
Swimming in this lake is recommended for people with increased irritability, nervous breakdowns, as well as patients with initial manifestations of hypertension, stomach ulcers, and skin diseases.
In the lake, crustaceans and salted brine shrimp multiply in large numbers, which give the lake a unique color. One liter of water contains 165.5 grams of various salts.

Located 40 km west of the city of Chita. (right tributary of the Selenga).
The water surface area is 58.5 km², the catchment area is 256 km², the volume of water is 0.610 km³.

Length - 10.9 km, greatest width - 6.8 km. Height above sea level - 965.1 m.
The water in the lake is fresh and running. Mineralization - 100-200 mg/dm³.
Lake Arakhlei differs from other Ivano-Arakhlei lakes in its significant depths - the greatest depth is 19.5 m in the northeastern part of the reservoir.
In the central part, depths reach more than 16 m. A rapid increase in depths can be observed in the northern part of the lake. In the southern part the bottom is flat with a gradual increase in depth towards the center of the lake.

Lake Arakhlei
In the coastal part the bottom is sandy and pebble, down to a depth of 3-5 meters it is sandy and silty. The rest of the bottom is covered with organic silt.
Two small rivers flow into the lake - Domka and Gryaznukha (Shaborta).
In high-water years, the Kholoi stream flows out of the lake and flows into Lake Shakshinskoye ().
On the shores of the lake there are the villages of Arakhley, Preobrazhenka and various recreation centers.

(Beklemishevskie lakes, Chita lakes) - a system of lakes.
It is located at an altitude of 945-965 meters above sea level in the basin between the Osinov and Yablonov ridges west of Chita.
It consists of 6 large lakes with a water surface of more than 10 km² (Arakhlei, Shakshinskoye, Irgen, Ivan, Tasei, Bolshoi Undugun) and approximately 20 small reservoirs with an area of ​​less than 1 km².
Ivan and Tasey belong to the Lena basin, and Arakhlei, Shakshinskoye, Bolshoi Undugun and Irgen belong to the Baikal basin.
The lakes are the center of the protected area of ​​the Ivano-Arakhleisky reserve.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Geography of the USSR.
http://gruzdoff.ru/
Wikipedia website.
http://ucrazy.ru/
http://geographyofrussia.com/
Waterfalls of Russia.

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There are over 2 million lakes in Russia. Do you know which ones are the deepest? Look at this power and beauty!

1. Lake Baikal - 1637 m.

The undisputed world, and not just Russian, record holder for depth is Lake Baikal, located in Siberia. This ancient reservoir absorbed a fifth of the fresh water available on our planet. With its shape, the lake resembles a crescent, sandwiched between mountain ranges and hills.

The mighty and beautiful Baikal is surrounded by 27 islands. The water there is clean and incredibly clear thanks to the tireless work of microscopic representatives of the local fauna. Among the mysteries of Baikal, scientists name ice cracks, ice tents and dark rings.

2. Caspian Sea - 1025 m.

It is classified as a lake due to the fact that there is no access to the ocean, and it is called a sea because of its enormous size. This is the most “many-faced” body of water, which has changed its name more than 70 times during its existence.

There are 50 islands comfortably located on the surface of the Caspian Sea, and the coastline is dotted with large bays. The water in the lake is salty, and the percentage of salt is distributed unevenly and ranges from 0.1% to 11%.

3. Khantayskoye Lake - 420 m.

This is Russia's northern water outpost, located in permafrost beyond the Arctic Circle. Its unique flora and fauna were irreparably damaged by the activities of the metallurgical plants located in Norilsk, the cutting down of relict spruce forests and the uncontrolled industrial fishing of char.

4. Lake Teletskoye - 325 m.

The reservoir rests in an ancient pit located among the Altai Mountains. The landscapes in the lake basin are very diverse: deep taiga is replaced by alpine meadows and high-mountain tundra.

Over the surface of Lake Teletskoye, alternating with each other, southern and northern winds constantly blow, raising three-meter waves. The occasional calm calm rarely lasts more than 1.5 hours.

5. Lake Ladoga - 225 m.

Lake Ladoga, located near St. Petersburg, is formed by melted glacial waters. The coast of the reservoir has a unique topography: steep rocky in the north and gently sloping sandy in the south.

Since the 14th century, Lake Ladoga has played a major role in Russian history, including the great battles of the Northern War, the holy island of Valaam and the Road of Life in the Second World War. The unresolved mysteries of Lake Ladoga include mirages, underground rumble and the absence of mosquitoes.

6. Lake Keta - 180 m.

Lake Keta, located above the Arctic Circle, is free of ice by the end of June, and in October it is again covered with ice shackles. Industrial wastewater does not enter the reservoir, so the water in it is clean and transparent.

Lake Keta is famous for fishing and rafting tours.

7. Kronotskoye Lake - 148 m.

Lake Kronotskoye, formed as a result of a volcanic eruption, is called the pearl of Kamchatka. It has the shape of a triangle, its sides adjacent to two volcanoes: Kronotsky and Krasheninnikov.

The coast of the reservoir is an amazingly beautiful natural complex containing relict specimens of flora and nesting grounds for rare birds.

8. Lake Onega - 127 m.

More than a thousand rivers flow into Lake Onega, but only one flows out. An attraction is the island of Kizhi, on which wooden churches are located, and the annual Onega Sailing Regatta.

The reservoir has very clean water, which owes its amazing transparency to the shungite stone located at the bottom, which acts as a natural filter.

9. Umbozero - 115 m.

The deepest body of water on the Kola Peninsula is surrounded by mountains and exposed to cold northern winds. The sun does not rise over the mirror-like surface of Umboozero for 42 days, and the northern lights blaze for six months.

10. Segozero - 97 m.

It is the largest reservoir in Karelia. Periodically, anomalous movements of huge volumes of water occur on the lake, the cause of which local residents believe is an extraterrestrial pyramidal body that has been resting at the bottom of the reservoir for more than 400 years.

Science cannot yet provide an intelligible explanation for the ongoing cataclysms.

Our Motherland, Russia, is rich in water resources. These include reserves of clean fresh water and vast salty seas and lakes. This article is dedicated to the largest lakes in Russia. There are a lot of them, we will highlight ten main ones. And if you are concerned about the question: what is the largest lake in Russia?, then by carefully studying this TOP, you will get the answer.

1. Caspian Sea

This lake is considered to be a sea because it has salty waters and is huge in size. It is the largest lake not only in Russia, but on the entire planet. There are five states along its banks: Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan). The territories of Russia washed by this lake are Kalmykia, Dagestan, Astrakhan region. The area of ​​the Caspian Sea is more than 370 thousand sq. km, and the maximum depth is 1025 meters. It bears its name as a legacy of ancient tribes - the Caspians, who lived in ancient times in the southwest of its coast.

2. Baikal

The second largest lake in Russia. This is the largest freshwater lake. It is located in Eastern Siberia on the territory of Buryatia and the Irkutsk region. Baikal is the deepest lake on the planet. Its maximum depth is 1640 meters. The area of ​​this lake is more than 315,000 sq. km., it is the main reservoir of fresh water in Russia (90% of the total reserves). The Angara River flows out of Lake Baikal. The waters of this beautiful lake are clean and fresh. For now we have something to be proud of.

Located on the territory of the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad region, a large lake with an area of ​​17,600 sq. km amazes with its beauty and picturesque nature. Lake Ladoga is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe, with a maximum depth of 230 meters. 35 large rivers stretch to its bosom, and the proud Neva flows out of it. Industrial and private fishing flourishes on Lake Ladoga, which is facilitated by the abundance of different species of fish.

4. Lake Onega

Freshwater lake in Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. Along its wide banks there are numerous monuments of Russian culture. The clear water of “Onego-father”, as it is lovingly called by the people, extends over 9616 sq. km and has a greatest depth of 127 meters. The Svir River flows out of the lake.

The lake spreads over 4,560 sq. km in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. it is located on the peninsula of the same name. Taimyr is the northernmost lake on Earth. The depth and width of the lake varies depending on the ice density and time of year, but in general the deepest place is 26 meters. Mostly the Taimyr Lake is home to arctic fish species adapted to survive in harsh cold conditions.

6. Khanka

The lake is located in Primorye, on the border with China. A favorite place for tourists who want to visit both the Russian Far East and China, and get acquainted with the culture and customs of two countries so different from each other.
The maximum depth of Khanka is 11 meters, and the area is about 4070 sq. km. The lake is rich in its fauna, but many species of fish are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and are prohibited from catching.

Located in the Pskov region. It has an area of ​​3550 sq. km and a greatest depth of 15 km. The Narva River originates from here.

8. Uvsu-Nur

This salty, beautiful lake with an unusual name is located in Tuva. Its area is 3350 sq. km, and its maximum depth reaches 15 meters.

9. Lake Chany

Salt lake in the Novosibirsk region. There is a legend that a huge snake lives in this lake and devours people. And what? There is plenty of room to wander around. After all, the area of ​​this lake varies, reaching 2000 sq. km, and the depth in some places is 12 meters. And although these may be fairy tales for tourists, the lake fascinates with its living beauty.

10. White Lake

The freshwater lake, located in the Vologda region, covers an area of ​​about 1290 sq. km, reaches a maximum depth of 20 meters, although the shore of White Lake is quite low and its average depth is 5-7 meters. The Sheksna River flows from its depths. The lake is rich in fish, and happy fishermen catch up to 30 different species of fish.

We have listed some of the many lakes located in our country. As you can see, Karelia is the richest area in Russia with lakes. Lucky!

Well, the smallest lake in Russia has not yet bothered to get its name. Apparently, because there are thousands of such lakes in Russia! Some people call them by the names of the surrounding villages. The official version of the smallest lake is Lake Ertso, on the territory of South Ossetia. Every 3-5 years the lake completely goes underground, as if it never existed, and after a while it appears again with a solemn appearance. A kind of “ghost”. In high water it reaches 0.5 sq. km. This is such an unusual lake.

The rating “The largest lake in Russia” was compiled based on materials from Internet sources. It includes the 10 largest lakes in Russia, arranged in descending order of their area. Additionally, the maximum depth of these reservoirs is indicated.

The area of ​​the largest lakes in our country included in the list varies from thousands of square kilometers to several hundred thousand square kilometers.

1. THE CASPIAN SEA IS THE LARGEST LAKE IN RUSSIA AND THE WORLD

Nominally the largest closed lake in Russia, and throughout the world, is the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea is called such because its bed is formed by the oceanic crust. The area of ​​this largest lake in our Motherland is 371,000 square meters. km. The maximum depth of the Caspian Sea is 1025 m. The waters of the Caspian Sea wash 5 states at once: Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. The water in the Caspian Sea is salty.

Baikal is the largest lake in Russia excluding the Caspian Sea. The area of ​​Lake Baikal is 31,722 square meters. km, and the maximum depth reaches 1642 m. Baikal is the deepest lake on our planet and the largest natural reservoir of fresh water. The lake is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia and is of tectonic origin. Baikal and its surrounding areas are distinguished by a wide variety of flora and fauna. Rivers such as Selenga, Upper Angara, Barguzin, Snezhnaya flow into the largest fresh lake in Russia, and only one river flows out of Baikal - the Angara.

3. LAKE LADOGA IS THE LARGEST FRESHWATER LAKE IN EUROPE

Third place in the “Largest Lake in Russia” ranking is occupied by Lake Ladoga, located in the Leningrad region and Karelia. The area of ​​Lake Ladoga is 17,703 square meters. km. It is the largest freshwater lake in Europe. The maximum depth is 225 m. The Neva River originates from Ladoga, and the rivers Svir, Volkhov, Vuoksa, Syas and Nazia flow into the lake.

LADOGA LAKE

Next on the list of the largest lakes in Russia is Lake Onega, which ranks second largest in Europe after Lake Ladoga. Lake Onega is located near Ladoga in the north-west of the European part of our country. The area of ​​this lake is 9690 square meters. km, and the maximum depth is 127 m. On the shores of Lake Onega are the cities of Petrozavodsk, Medvezhyegorsk and Kondopoga. The main attraction of this large lake is the island of Kizhi, on whose territory there are 89 monuments of wooden architecture.

LAKE ONEGA

From the European part of Russia we are transported to the Krasnoyarsk Territory, where the large Taimyr Lake or Taimyr Lake is located. Taimyr is the northernmost real lake in the world and is covered with ice most of the year. On average, the lake is ice-free only 73 days a year. The area of ​​Taimyr is 4560 sq. km. The maximum depth is 26 m.

TAIMYRSKOE LAKE

In the Far East of Russia there is another lake rated “The Largest Lake in Russia” - Khanka. Lake Khanka is located on the border of Russia and China. This lake is quite shallow - the prevailing depth is 1-3 m, and the maximum depth is only 10.6 m. The area of ​​Lake Khanka is 4070 square meters. km. More than two dozen rivers flow into the lake, and the Sungacha River, a tributary of the Ussuri, flows out. There are no settlements with city status on the shores of Lake Khanka.

7. AN ICE BATTLE HAPPENED ON THE ICE OF THIS LAKE

Another participant in the rating is located in the Pskov region - Lake Peipus-Pskov. Any schoolchild knows this lake, first of all, because in the battle on its ice in 1242, the Russian army, led by Alexander Nevsky, won a historic victory over the Teutonic knights. This battle was included in history books under the name Battle of the Ice. The area of ​​the lake is 3555 sq. km, maximum depth is 15 m. The Narva River flows from Lake Peipus.

8.UBSU-NUR – LOCATED ON THE TERRITORY OF TUVA

Uvsu-Nur is a large lake located on the territory of Tuva. On the territory of Russia there is only a small part of the water area and coast of the entire lake. Most of Uvs-Nur Lake is located in neighboring Mongolia. Its area is 3350 sq. km, maximum depth - 20 m. The lake, located on the geoclimatic border between Siberia and Asia, is subject to large temperature differences - from - 58 to + 47 ° C.

9. LAKE CHANY IS LOCATED IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

The penultimate place in the ranking “The largest lake in Russia” is occupied by Lake Chany, which is located in the Novosibirsk region. Its area is 1990 sq. km, and the greatest depth is 7. This lake is salty. Chany is a system of reaches that communicate with each other through channels and shallow areas.

10. WHITE LAKE - PART OF THE SHEKSNI RESERVOIR

The last large lake on our list is located in the Vologda region - White Lake, which has been part of the Sheksninsky reservoir since 1964. The area of ​​the lake is 1125 sq. km, and the maximum depth is 33 m.