Download the presentation of the eternal city and its inhabitants. Lesson-presentation "The Eternal City and Its Residents"
The city of Rome celebrates its 2766th anniversary this year. The history of the city is its monuments, which amazed with their grandeur and scope at all times. It is no coincidence that the city of Rome is called the Eternal. In today's lesson we will take an unusual tour of ancient city, let's plunge into the atmosphere of imperial Rome.
Background
In II AD. The Roman Empire reached its peak (see lesson). The center of the huge empire was the city of Rome. 372 stone-paved roads led from it to all ends of the empire (provinces), and every thousand steps signs appeared indicating the distance to Rome. Rome and its major buildings, such as the Pantheon, were designed to embody the idea of the power and greatness of the empire.
Events
Major structures in Ancient Rome
During this period, more than a million people lived in Rome. Thousands of residents from Italy and the provinces sought to get to Rome every day. Some came on trade business, others wanted to get a profitable position in the service of the emperor. Some came to watch the gladiatorial games in the Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater), which could seat about 50 thousand people, or the chariot races in the Circus Maximus.
The main attraction of Rome was the Pantheon (temple of all gods). The Pantheon is topped with a dome that looks like half a ball. The temple is built of brick and concrete, and the inside is lined with marble (Fig. 1).
The central square of Rome was the Forum (Fig. 2). Here was the temple of Saturn, the temple of Vesta, the keeper of the hearth, the Milliarius column (from which distances were measured not only in Rome, but also outside it), and the curiae buildings were located in which the Senate met and trials were held.
Rice. 2. Roman Forum ()
Each emperor sought to build his own forum. This is how the Forum of Caesar, the Forum of Augustus, the Forum of Trajan and others appeared in Rome.
The Romans loved to visit the theater. The first permanent stone theater was built around 55 BC. e. commander Gnaeus Pompey the Great. The Theater of Marcellus was built in 12 BC. e. and could accommodate 11 thousand spectators. The actors used masks and colorful clothes so that the audience understood who was in front of them - an old man or a young maiden. All roles in the Roman theater were played by men. The theatrical craft was considered an unworthy occupation.
One of the most visited public institutions in Rome were baths - thermal baths (Fig. 3). In total, there were more than a thousand public baths in Rome. The largest and most luxuriously decorated baths were built by order of Emperor Trajan. The Romans came here to relax and enjoy a pleasant conversation; sports grounds, swimming pools and libraries were also located here.
Rice. 3. Roman baths ()
Rome was largest city empire, it was called eternal, golden, or simply - the City.
Bibliography
- A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. Ancient world history. 5th grade. - M.: Education, 2006.
- Nemirovsky A.I. History reading book ancient world. - M.: Education, 1991.
- Ancient Rome. Book for reading /Ed. D.P. Kallistova, S.L. Utchenko. - M.: Uchpedgiz, 1953.
- Slovari.yandex.ru ().
- Dic.academic.ru ().
- theater.helllab.ru ().
Homework
- Which public places were the most popular among the Romans?
- What public spectacles were staged at the Circus Maximus?
- What public institutions were located at the Forum?
- Why did the Romans visit the baths?
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Slide captions:
MBOU "Kirzhemanskaya Secondary School" of Chamza district of the Republic of Mordovia Presentation for a history lesson in grade 5 on the topic: " The eternal City and its inhabitants" Teacher: Loginova V.I.
The three-span Arch of Constantine, built in 315 and dedicated to the victory of Constantine. This is the only arch in Rome built in honor of victory not over an external enemy, but in civil war. The arch is 21 m high, 25.7 m wide and 7.4 m deep. The main part of the monument is made of marble blocks.
Colosseum (from Latin colosseus - huge, colossal) The construction of the largest amphitheater in the entire ancient world, with a capacity of over 50 thousand people, was carried out over eight years as a collective construction of the emperors of the Flavian dynasty. It began to be built in 72 AD. e. For a long time, the Colosseum was for the residents of Rome and visitors the main place for entertainment spectacles, such as gladiator fights, animal persecution, and naval battles.
Pantheon - “temple of all gods” in Rome, a monument of centric-domed architecture Ancient Rome. Built in 126 AD. e.
domus (lat. domus) - a mansion house of one kind.
Insula is a multi-storey residential building with rooms and apartments intended for rent. Appeared no earlier than the 3rd century BC. e..The upper floors were occupied mainly by the poor, while the wealthier segments of the population rented apartments on the first floors. Most apartments were unheated and poorly lit. With the exception of some of the first floors, there was no water supply or sewerage system.
Thermal baths - antique baths; In Rome, baths arose according to the Greek model and became centers of public life. Roman architects developed an efficient central heating system with heated floors and walls. In the baths, water and air were heated using a furnace, which was then circulated under the floor and in the wall cavities. Double coatings were used to prevent the floor from being very hot. Inside, the walls of the baths were decorated with marble or plastered.
The Great Circus is the largest hippodrome. Situated in a valley between hills. 12 chariots could simultaneously take part in competitions at the hippodrome.
ru. wikipedia.org
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Thousands of residents of Italy and the provinces sought to get to Rome. Some came on trade business, others wanted to get a profitable position. But everyone was attracted to gladiatorial games, chariot races and triumphal processions.
The city was decorated with palaces on the Palatine Hill, statues of gods and emperors, temples and porticos, and numerous fountains.
Columns were built at many Forums to glorify emperors.
On the column itself there were bas-reliefs with scenes of the life of the emperors, and the columns were crowned with multi-meter statues of the emperors.
The huge Colosseum amphitheater, which could accommodate 50 thousand spectators, stood out for its size and beauty. Construction was carried out over 8 years, in 72 - 80, as a collective construction of the emperors of the Flavian dynasty. For a long time, the Colosseum was for the residents of Rome and visitors the main place for entertainment spectacles, such as gladiator fights, animal persecution, and naval battles. Under Emperor Macrinus, it was badly damaged by fire, but was restored by order of Alexander Severus. In 248, Emperor Philip still celebrated the millennium of Rome's existence there with great spectacle. Honorius in 405 banned gladiatorial battles as being inconsistent with the spirit of Christianity, which became the dominant religion of the Roman Empire after Constantine the Great; however, animal persecution continued to occur in the Colosseum until the death of Theodoric the Great. After this, sad times came for the Flavian Amphitheater.
Another attraction of Rome was the Pantheon temple (literally - the temple of all gods). The Pantheon was crowned with a dome that looked like half a ball. There was a huge hall inside the temple. There was a hole in the center of the dome through which light penetrated.
Rich, prosperous Romans lived on the hills, where there was a lot of fresh and clean air. There were no windows in the main room of the house; 4 columns supported the ceiling. There was a swimming pool in the house where rainwater fell. Here the owner of the house received guests who came on business. And he invited only close friends to the house, to the fragrant garden. There were many bedrooms in the house. The house also contained an office, slaves' bedrooms, a dining room, and a storage room.
Most Romans could not have their own home, so they rented housing in 5-6 storey buildings. The poor huddled in little rooms under the roof tiles. There were no signs on the streets with street names and house numbers. Slops often poured out of their windows onto passers-by. There were no stoves; on damp and cold days, residents warmed themselves with braziers, into which charcoal was poured. Food was prepared right there. The poor often ate dry food. The windows of the houses had no glass and were closed with shutters.
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In the 2nd century. in Rome, farmers were transferred CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER. Trajan condemned Trojan conquered The Romans invented For rent On free lands In the provinces Criminals Informers bribe takers Cement Concrete Whitewashing. Dacia Parthia Syria
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LESSON PLAN. 1. ROME - THE “HEART” OF THE EMPIRE. 2. CITY BUILDINGS. 3. PUBLIC BATH. 4. “BREAD AND SCENE.”
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ASSIGNMENT FOR LESSON? Residents from all Roman provinces tried to move to Rome. What do you think attracted them to the “Eternal City”?
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1. ROME - THE “HEART” OF THE EMPIRE. In Rome there was a huge number of buildings designed to emphasize the power of the empire. At many forums of the city, triumphal arches were installed in honor of victories over enemies Arc de Triomphe
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1. ROME - THE “HEART” OF THE EMPIRE. Columns were built at many Forums to glorify emperors. On the column itself there were bas-reliefs with scenes of the life of the emperors, and the columns were crowned with multi-meter statues of the emperors.
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1. ROME - THE “HEART” OF THE EMPIRE. The symbol of the city was the Colosseum building, intended for organizing spectacles and holding performances. It accommodated about 50 thousand spectators. The Colosseum in Rome.
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The Pantheon is a temple of all gods. Daylight. D-8.5 m. Niches. Lightened the dome. The height of the dome is 43 m. The walls are lined with marble. The bricks of the dome were held together with pumice cement
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Domus is the home of a wealthy Roman. Cabinet. Living rooms. Sloping roof - Atria. Atrium-heated guest room. Premises for rent Dining room-triclinium.
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Insula city buildings. Public toilets. Taverns. Rooms for the nobility. Rich people's rooms. Rooms of the poor. Garbage and slop were thrown into the street
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2. CITY BUILDINGS. In cold weather, houses were heated. The Romans were the first to come up with a central heating system. During construction, special fireplaces were installed on the lower floor. Warm air heated the floor and pipes specially made in the walls of the building. The heated stone retained heat for a very long time.
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3. PUBLIC BATH. In the 3rd century in Rome there were 1000 private and 11 public baths. One of the most beautiful buildings in the city was considered the TERMS (baths) of Emperor Caracalla. Baths of Caracalla.
