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Bishkek made an extremely pleasant impression on me. Life in this city is simply bustling. I had the opportunity to live here for a month and a half; I was sent on a business trip for work.

By the way, Bishkek is translated as "Mixer for whipping kumys", a very strange name for a city.

Bishkek is located in Kyrgyzstan

When this city was part of the USSR, then he was called Frunze. Not far from this city there are Tien Shan mountains. These mountains are considered to be among the highest in the world.

This the city is one of the cleanest cities in Asia. Here you can truly breathe with full lungs.

This city is quite large and more than eighty nationalities live here.

In Bishkek well developed transport system . There are taxis, buses, minibuses, and trolleybuses. But there are no metro or trams here.

Sights of Bishkek

Of course, I had time to wander around the city and see various interesting places and attractions:

• Panfilov Park. This park is quite old, but very nice. Here many attractions for children(many have been in use since Soviet times). It is located in the very city ​​center.
• Ala-Too Square. The area is quite large, in the summer there fountains are working, so it’s nice to take a promenade along it.
• Osh bazaar. Very colorful bazaar. It is located in the western part of the city. Here you can buy absolutely everything: things, fruits and vegetables, various souvenirs, and even household appliances. And the prices here are quite reasonable.
• Botanical Garden. This is quite wonderful place for summer walks. Kept in fairly good condition. This Botanical Garden is located not far from the third microdistrict.

Food in Bishkek

I would like to say right away that food prices here are quite low, when compared with Russian ones. So you can eat in a decent cafe for two hundred rubles (I’ve already transferred it to our money).

In this city it's easy a bunch of establishments serving Kyrgyz, Asian, and Russian cuisine. It's also very a lot of fast food. They sell samsa, kebabs, lavash (similar to our shawarma).

Also in town there are also pizzerias, but to be honest, European and Italian food is not very tasty here.

“Mixer for whipping kumiss” - this is how the name of the city of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, its modern and historical center, is translated. Green City- this is what the Kyrgyz people call it, not only because of the abundance of centuries-old oaks and poplars that shade the busy boulevards with dense shadows, but also because of the youthful spirit and optimism in the air of the Kyrgyz capital. Founded in the 7th century, Bishkek today is an unusually young and bustling city: there are a lot of bars and discos, next to which traditional teahouses organically coexist, independence monuments and sculptures of ancient Kyrgyz heroes do not interfere - on the contrary, they complement each other, and on the streets Centuries-old elders in “kalpaks” and colorful robes and starlets with a minimum of clothing walk mixed together. And koumiss, by the way, is much easier to find here than some foreign “mojito”.

How to get to Bishkek

It's easy to get from Moscow to Bishkek regular flights national carrier Kyrgyzstan Airlines and Russian S7 and Aeroflot. The boards of Kyrgyzstan Airlines take off 4 times a week from Moscow Domodedovo. Aeroflot operates one flight daily and two on Wednesday and Friday from Sheremetyevo-F. Flight time is about 4 hours. On the S7 wings you can reach Bishkek only with an intermediate landing in Novosibirsk.

Bishkek Manas International Airport is located approximately 30 km from the city. You can get from there to the center of the Kyrgyz capital by taxi in half an hour.

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Transport in the city

The most convenient way to get around Bishkek is by taxi - they are very inexpensive and scurry around the streets of the capital in abundance. You can “catch” a car on the street or order it at any time of the day by calling 150, 152, 154, 156, 166, 182 or 188. A trip within the city will cost 100-300 KGS during the day and 150-500 KGS at night. In any case, it is better to clarify the cost in advance. You can also rent a car with a driver for the whole day - this will cost less than a similar service at rental offices. Expect 1500-2000 KGS per day.

Prices on the page are for October 2018.

Since independence, many street names in Bishkek have changed, so when going to any address, it is better to find out both the old and new name, and even better, use a prominent landmark.

Another option is affordable minibuses with 9-14 seats, running along all the more or less busy streets. The rules for their use are identical to the Russian ones: wave to the approaching car, hand over the fare to the driver (15-20 KGS, indicated in the cabin) and loudly announce the disembarkation point.

Public transport in Bishkek is represented by buses and trolleybuses. They are open from 5:30-6:00 to 21:00-21:30. The fare costs 8-10 KGS. You need to enter through the back door and exit through the front door. The fare is paid to the conductor upon exit.

Weather forecast

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Maps of Bishkek

Cuisine and restaurants of Bishkek

Bishkek has a lot of establishments serving Kyrgyz, Asian, Russian, Persian and other friendly cuisines. You can get an inexpensive snack at fast foods, where they serve the Kyrgyz equivalent of a hamburger: a sandwich with a flat cutlet and all sorts of vegetables and sauce. Other options for “fast food” are samsa, kebabs and a variety of kebabs. Of course, in the Kyrgyz capital there is also a pizzeria-brasserie (and where are they not?) - there you can taste international Italian pizza, pasta and other pasta, French crepes, etc. To thoroughly taste the dishes of the national “haute cuisine”, go at the Labyrinth cafe (they serve delicious beshbarmak), the Mazai cafe (various hare dishes), the Astana cafe (chicken shish kebab and live music on weekend evenings), the Jalalabad teahouse and the Faiza cafe " You can “sit in style” in the pompous Four Seasons - exquisite dishes of European and Asian cuisines, live music and the opportunity to dine on the outdoor terrace in the warm season.

You can refresh yourself while walking around the city with the carbonated drink "Shoro" made from wheat flour - it is sold by the glass from street stalls.

Popular hotels in Bishkek

Shopping and shops

You should buy Kyrgyz souvenirs in the TSUM, which is familiar to us from the common Soviet past - the central department store of the Kyrgyz capital on Chui Avenue, 155. There is a large selection of local crafts at reasonable prices. Another popular shopping site in Bishkek is the bustling and colorful Osh Bazaar, where it seems you can buy even the most outlandish goods. The Dordoi market sells a variety of household goods, clothing and shoes, and at the Ak-Emir bazaar you can buy fresh products from local farmers: fruits and vegetables, kumiss and soft cheeses, horse sausage and much more. High-quality folk crafts - "kalpaks", felt carpets, items of national costume - are sold in the Kyrgyz Style store on Bokonbaeva Street, 133 and the cozy Asahi boutique on Chui Avenue, 136. Fans of antiques will be delighted by the real Aladdin's cave on Manas Avenue, 47 - Many Kyrgyz and Asian antiquities are collected here, as well as iconic things from the Soviet era. For “painting”, you should look into the Asia Gallery, cute and original clay products can be found in the Saimaluu-Tash art gallery, and magnificent (and expensive) embroidery is presented in the Tumar art salon.

Guides in Bishkek

Entertainment and attractions of Bishkek

Modern attractions of Bishkek: central square Ala-Too and the Erkindik Statue of Liberty in the form of a Kyrgyz woman holding the top elements of a tyundyuk yurt, the Parliament building, the State flagpole (changing of the guard every hour from 7:00 to 18:00), the Manas sculptural complex depicting the legendary Kyrgyz a hero on a faithful horse, surrounded by his wife and adviser, and the Victory Monument.

Recommended for visiting among the city's museums Historical Museum- here you can see numerous ancient artifacts found during excavations: rock paintings of the Saimaluu-Tash settlement, runic inscriptions of Talas, household items of the Bronze Age and jewelry of nomadic tribes of the beginning of our era, ancient coins. Ethnographic collections deserve special attention: embroidery and National costumes, richly decorated horse harness, felt and wool carpets, products made of clay and straw. At the Museum of Fine Arts, you can delve into the intricacies of the installation and internal layout of a traditional yurt, see national Shyrdak carpets and other felt products, and also enjoy paintings by Kyrgyz, Uzbek and Russian artists. Those nostalgic for the Soviet era can go to the Frunze Museum and visit the Sculpture Park with an exhibition on the theme “Peace and Labor”.

At the Museum of Fine Arts, you can delve into the intricacies of the installation and internal layout of a traditional yurt, as well as see national Shyrdak carpets.

Popular parks in Bishkek: “Oak Park” and Panfilov Park, Kemal Ataturk Park, Erkindik Avenue, planted with oaks and silver poplars, Young Guard Boulevard.

The surrounding areas of the city are worth a visit natural Park“Baityk Valley” and climb Mount Boz-Peldek, from which a beautiful view of Bishkek opens. On the southern slope of the mountain there is the Khan's Graves cemetery, where the legendary ruler of the valley is buried. Note the wrought iron tower with its magnificent dome. You can see rare plants in the Chon-Aryk botanical reserve, and improve your health at the peat mud deposit in the village of Kamyshanovka.

The northern capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, is located in the heart of the Republic, on the northernmost edge of the Kyrgyz ridge. The first mentions of the city date back to the 7th century, but today Bishkek is The largest city Republic of Kyrgyzstan, large industrial and Cultural Center countries. Being the center international tourism, the city can offer its guests a large number of architectural as well as natural attractions - these are picturesque parks, and gardens, as well as historically important buildings and monuments of the Soviet period.

How to get there

Flights from the Russian capital to Bishkek are operated daily by Aeroflot, as well as by many Kyrgyz companies, each of which organizes 2-3 flights per week. In addition, you can get to Bishkek by airline Ural Airlines, which are carried out with a landing in Tajikistan, for example, the Ekaterinburg-Khujand route, from where you can get to Bishkek by car, for example, from, and there is also the Ekaterinburg-Tashkent route. The journey will take about four hours.

If you prefer to travel by land transport, it is worth considering train routes from Moscow to Bishkek. Trains from the Russian capital depart 3 times a week, the time spent on the journey will average about 78 hours. You can use the route with a transfer in Kazakhstan.

An alternative to the train will be bus routes. Bishkek has excellent bus connections with Almaty. Buses, as well as minibuses and private buses will be waiting for you at the Sayran bus station in Almaty. Departure occurs when full vehicle. The cost of a trip on a bus is about $4, a minibus is $8, and a seat in a regular passenger car is $12-15. Travel time - no more than 3 hours.

Climate in Bishkek

Bishkek, however, like the entire territory of the state, is located in the zone of influence of a sharply continental climate. All four seasons of the year are clearly defined here. The formation of the climate, however, is strongly influenced by the distance from the oceans and the location in the depths of Eurasia, surrounded by deserts and mountains. Most warm time the year is summer. The average temperature of the warmest month, i.e. July, reaches +24.5C. In winter, temperatures tend to drop significantly. In January, the thermometer drops to about -4.6C. The most comfortable time to visit Bishkek is considered to be spring, as well as autumn. Pace. during this period it fluctuates between +19C and +24C. If the purpose of your trip is to visit mountainous areas, the optimal period is June-September, and the period December-April is favorable for the ski season.

Prices in local stores and hotels

Bishkek has several 5-star hotels, the price for accommodation in them starts from $150 per day for a double room. Perhaps the most luxurious hotel in the city is the Hyatt Regency Bishkek. For $415 you get a double room, as well as a swimming pool, fitness room and, of course, a sauna. Cheaper rooms are available in 2-3 star hotels starting from $50 per night. Best options The following hotels are considered: Baikhan Hotel ($85), Rich Hotel ($70) and Boutique Hotel ($120). Those who want to save money on accommodation can also choose to stay in hostels. The cost of living here is from $12 per night in a 4-bed dormitory room.

Prices in stores in Bishkek are on average lower than in many Central Asian countries, and this is primarily due to the low standard of living in the state. If you decide to purchase food products, be prepared for the fact that 1 kg of potatoes will cost you 11-14 soms ($0.2), kg of vegetables - 140-145 soms ($2.6), kg of fruits - 34-45 soms ($0.6) .

What interesting sights to see in Bishkek

There is no . However, a walk around the city can be quite exciting if you know how many wonderful corners, as well as historical monuments, iconic places scattered throughout Bishkek. The main starting point for many excursion routes The central square of Ala Too is considered, as well as the Parliament building, the State flagpole (the changing of the guard occurs every hour), and a bronze monument to the legendary local hero Manas. Not far from the square there is a favorite vacation spot for citizens and guests of the city - Oak Park with the Friendship of Peoples Monument. Here you can take a walk and also contemplate amazing sculptures made on stone, metal and wood.

Among the museums, it would be worth noting the Frunze Memorial House-Museum, as well as the Museum of Fine Arts, National Museum. Historical Museum (previously it was named after Lenin). Since they are all centrally located, you can visit each one in turn. In the museum visual arts You can get acquainted with the folk art of Kyrgyzstan, and in the historical museum you can get acquainted with the history of the region and the entire state, as well as with traditional clothing and art.

Lovers ancient architecture you should definitely go to the historical and cultural zone called Burana, 80 km from Bishkek. Here you can see the Burana tower at 21m, bilbals ( stone idols) VI-X centuries, petroglyphs (1 thousand years BC). 6 km from this place is the ancient settlement of Ak-Beshimskoye - this was the cultural and also economic center of the Chui Valley in the period of the 6th - 7th centuries.

Leisure and entertainment in Bishkek

The city of Bishkek will certainly appeal to fans of various types of recreation, and one of the main riches of the region, of course, is its unique nature. The city has a Botanical Garden, where you can contemplate rare species of flora. One of the most attractive places in Kyrgyzstan is the Ala-Archa gorge, just 30 km from the capital. This natural park includes all kinds of natural areas states - from subalpine, expressed by the beauty of juniper, spruce, and birch forests, to alpine, covered with snow and glaciers. Worth a visit balneological resort called Issyk-Ata, 40 km from Bishkek. Will be interesting hiking trails, as well as sources mineral waters for drinking and also for bathing.

The best place to go for shopping is local markets. The most famous place for shopping is the Dordoi market. Here you can buy fine shoes, outerwear, items made from valuable furs, bags, jewelry and household appliances. If you want to buy a souvenir to remember your vacation in Bishkek, visit the Kiyal market. For shopping, local stores are suitable, for example, TSUM Aichurek. Here you can buy antique items, as well as products for everyday use. Jewelry can be bought in Keldik.

Bishkek, among other things, is famous for restaurants and cafes of various levels. Here you can have an inexpensive meal at fast food establishments, where guests are offered the Kyrgyz equivalent of a hamburger: a sandwich with a cutlet, vegetables and sauce. Other options for so-called fast food are samsa, as well as kebabs and kebabs. To enjoy the dishes national cuisine, go to the Labyrinth cafe, as well as the Mazai, Astana and Fayza cafes. The restaurant offers exquisite dishes of European and Asian cuisine. Four seasons. Here you can have a great evening listening to live music.

Story

Its advantageous geographical position Bishkek city obliged to the Great Silk Road. Since ancient times, caravans have passed from China along two routes. The eastern branch of the road in a convenient place in the Trans-Ili Alatau (via Kurdai) went out into the Chui Valley and here it met with another road leading through the Central Tien Shan, past Lake Issyk-Kul. Since ancient times, at the intersection of these paths there was a caravan barn, a resting place for merchant people. Historically, it has been established that this site has long belonged to the Solto tribal clan of the Kyrgyz. There was usually a lively trade along the roads in these places.

However, this tasty piece of land always attracted conquerors and caused the temptation to take possession of it. There is a legend that when countless hordes approached the intersection of two roads, local residents were forced to flee to the mountains.

Travelers of the 17th-18th century claimed that people settled in the interfluves of wayward mountain streams of the Alamedin and Ala-Archa rivers in ancient times. On the territory of modern Bishkek, the remains of three cities were found, the life and prosperity of which were provided by the Great Silk Road.

One of the largest medieval cities was the so-called Pishpek settlement (7-12 centuries), which occupied an area of ​​about 25-30 km. had a complex layout and a developed system of fortifications. Other significant ancient city, called the settlement "Forge Fortress", was located in the river basin. Alamedin occupied the territory, judging by the distribution of the cultural layer, between the current streets of Kirov, Orozbekov, Karagacheva Roshcha and the river. Alamedin. However, its original area was much larger. The city center was located in the area of ​​the former Pishpek fortress.

Among the finds discovered on the territory of the settlement are 4 bronze trunks decorated with geometric, floral and epigraphic ornaments, a bronze figurine depicting a figure with the head of a man and the body of an animal, a large amount of pottery, burnt bricks and other items. The city existed in the 8th - early 13th centuries, during the invasion of the Tatar-Mongols it fell into decay, after some time life in it resumed (but not throughout its entire territory) and continued until the 15th century. Then the city falls into complete desolation.

Both cities, located on the caravan route that passed through the Chuya Valley since ancient times, were visited by merchants from various countries of the East and West. City residents were engaged in trade, various crafts and agriculture. The names of these cities were not preserved in medieval written sources.

But it so happened historically that by the 16th century, trade and cultural ties between two civilizations - the West and the East - were completely interrupted. The legendary “Silk Road” ceased to exist, cities disappeared. Wars, plagues, and earthquakes finally turned the once flourishing Chui Valley into a desert. City life has changed way of life the life of nomads who did not need to settle in one place. Once beautiful palaces and mighty castles, cheerful and noisy trade and craft caravans turned into swollen hills or were completely razed to the ground. The Chui valley in the area between the Ala-Archa and Alamedin rivers became the winter pasture of the Solto tribe, one of the forty Kyrgyz tribes, for centuries. Rare trade caravans from Central Asia to China through the Semirechensk Kyrgyz and Kazakh nomadic camps enlivened this rocky area.

The interfluve of Alamedin and Ala-Archa in many sources is considered as Holy place. Springs with life-giving and healing water are mentioned, and others are given Interesting Facts. And maybe that’s why this area became especially valuable and tempting for many peoples. Therefore, outposts, caravanserai, and fortresses arose here from ancient times. One well-known name before the emergence of the Kokand fortress, a settlement or aul, was called Jul.

After the 15th century On the territory of modern Bishkek, in the interfluve Alamedin - Ala-Archa and the surrounding area, there were Kyrgyz nomads. Sedentary, but relatively short-lived, life was revived here in 1825 after a centuries-long break.

However, as depicted in written sources, at times the Kokand Khanate captured the territory of the interfluve and, by order of Khan Modali, the Pishpek fortress was built here in 1825. The Pishpek fortress served as a stronghold of the khan-feudal oppression over the Kyrgyz and a constant threat to the Verny fortress in the so-called. Zachuysky region. The Pishpek fortress housed a garrison and Khan's tax collectors

The Kokand people needed control over the movements of traders and nomads. Pishpek fortress. stood at the junction of the nomads’ routes from winter to summer pastures and along the road to Issyk-Kul and Semirechye. Here, in the fortress, the Kokand people collected customs taxes from all caravans. The freedom-loving people of Soltin, led by their leader Baytik-Baatyr, tried more than once to take and destroy the Pishpek fortress... But there was not enough artillery. The Kokand people were not only strong, but also treacherous. In the fortress, for example, relatives from noble Kyrgyz families, including the son of Baytik Kanaev, were held hostage. In September 1862, the supreme leader of the Solto tribe, Baytik Kanaev, raised an uprising against the Kokand people, destroyed the commandant of the fortress, Rakhmatullah, and his convoy of 60 people, and sent a messenger to the city of Verny for help from Russian artillery.

As tsarism advanced deeper into Central Asia, during clashes between Russia and Kokand, the fortress was stormed on September 4, 1860 by a military detachment that came from Verny. After his departure, the Kokand people again settled in Pishpek, strengthening the fortifications. In September 1862, part of the Chui Kyrgyz opposed the Kokand people. They besieged Pishpek and turned to the Russian authorities of Verny for help. In October (24), the Pishpek fortress was taken a second time by Russian troops with the active assistance of the surrounding Kyrgyz and destroyed. In 1863, with the liquidation of the power of the Kokand Khanate in the Chui Valley, its population voluntarily became part of Russia.

On October 13, 1862, the head of the Alatava district, G. A. Kolpakovsky, with a detachment of 1,400 people and artillery, began a complete siege of the fortress. On October 24 of the same year, the Kokand people surrendered. On November 2, the Russian detachment left the remains of the fortress and went to the city of Verny. By order of Baytik-baatir, in revenge on the Kokand people, the Kyrgyz completely destroyed the remains of the fortress. One of the central streets of our capital (part of Sovetskaya Street) is now named after Baytik-Batyr.
In 1863, the Kyrgyz all the way to Alai joined Russia. In Omsk, the General Government, the Treaty of Accession to Russia was signed. Self-government is established in the region. In the Chui Valley and near the ruins of the Pishpek fortress, a number of urban and agricultural settlements appeared under the control of the tsarist administration.

In 1868 - p. Lebedinovka, Novo-Pokrovka and 50 families settle on the postal route in the Pishpek tract. So the Tashkent road became the first street of the future county town of Pishpek. Pishpek is the Kyrgyz name for the area Bishkek, misheard by Russian topographic officers. The first Russian peasant families from the Penza, Samara, Voronezh and Tambov provinces chose for themselves estate plots along the highway, building dugouts and huts at first. The first settlers were joined by Uzbek traders from Tashkent, Namangan and other areas of Uzbekistan. Along the Alamedin River there were already impoverished Kyrgyz, no livestock and Uzbek gardeners, as well as families of the former garrison of the Kokand fortress of Bishkek. By 1876, 58 families lived in Pishpek - 182 people of both sexes, including 94 women. Residents were divided by nationality as follows: there were 9 Russian families, 48 ​​Uzbek families and 1 Tatar family.

The then Pishpek differed only in its very favorable location and the presence of a post office from the bulk of Russian-Ukrainian villages in the region. The Pishpek fortress itself was destroyed, and its buildings on the ancient hill were razed as unnecessary. There was no need for military strengthening on the lands of the Kyrgyz, since the relationship between the two peoples was established on a peaceful basis. The first settlers dismantled clay from the walls of the fortress for their buildings, and this is how the first street was formed - Tashkent. The once formidable bastion of the Kokand people turned into a peaceful hill that hid the secrets of many centuries. The Semirechensk authorities planned to establish the center of the district administration of the north of Kyrgyzstan in Kochkor or Kutymaldy (Balykchi), but the Turkestan governor-general, after a trip to Semirechye in 1870, chose Pishpek. On April 29, 1878, the district administration was located in Pishpek.
The “plan for the design location of the newly proposed city of Pishpek” - a city with European-type buildings - was approved on August 31, 1878 by the military governor of the Semirechensk region, Lieutenant General G.A. Kolpakovsky.

The fundamentally simple layout fit well into the surrounding area. Its street grid, laid out in a checkerboard pattern, favored the construction of a ditch network and natural ventilation of the streets. The compact territory of the city between the Ala-Archa and Alamedin rivers was located in such a way that it was the most favorable area from a seismic point of view. Initially, the construction base in Pishpek was extremely primitive; there was not even a brick factory. A number of houses were built from centuries-old Tien Shan fir trees, the trunks of which were rafted from gorges along mountain rivers; most of the houses were literally “molded” from clay. Russian, Ukrainian, Moldavian settlers studied with local residents Asian methods of house construction.

The city was made of clay, but its layout turned out to be progressive in nature. It was one of the first cities of the European type with an incomparably higher level of development of Russian urban planning art. And the traditions of this layout have been preserved and improved in modern Bishkek.

The only decoration in that small adobe Pishpek was the magnificent panorama of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too mountains. The most high peaks it is raised by an ice ensemble over the interfluve of Ala-Archa and Alamedin. What the valley was like at that time can be seen in the small canvases of the Russian officer and outstanding artist V.V. Vereshchagin, who visited these places with an expedition of military topographers in the 19th century. These small masterpieces, witnesses of Kyrgyz history, are exhibited at the Kazan State Museum of Fine Arts. G. Aitieva.

The second decoration of Pishpek were gardens and parks. It's hard to believe now that the city was founded in a semi-desert. Here is evidence of that time: “... just a few houses scattered here and there, ... and then beyond them, into a distant space, stretched a bare, barren, dead steppe with hot sands and stones...”. F. Poyarkov.
The city administration and ordinary citizens did everything possible to turn Pishpek into a garden city. Every citizen was obliged to plant at least 25 trees next to his house along the street, every visiting merchant was obliged to allocate funds from his trade income for landscaping Pishpek. One of the best amateur gardeners was a native of Namangan, Selim Raimbaev, who had an extensive garden in the Alamedin tract since the 40s of the 19th century and subsequently supplied Pishpek new settlers with fruit tree seedlings and tallow. The pioneer of cultural gardening and artificial afforestation in the region was the Pishpek scientist-horticulturist A.N. Fetisov, founder of Karagacheva Grove in 1881. At the same time, the first layout of streets and squares was carried out, places were allocated for housing, government buildings and barracks, as well as for trade, forges and other craft establishments.
At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. in Pishpek there were already 40 streets (without hard surfaces or sidewalks), 6 large squares (unmaintained and dirty).

The acquisition of city status contributed to the growth of Pishpek. The first handicraft-industrial enterprises appeared in Pishpek in the 2nd half of the 19th century. In 1883, a tannery began operating, and in 1885, cheese production was organized. All power in Pishpek and the district was vested in the district chief, and since 1895, public self-government from the Pishpek bourgeoisie, dependent on the tsarist authorities, was in charge of the city’s economy. Contrary to the policy of tsarism, aimed at limiting the development of the culture of the peoples of the national outskirts, the first cultural and educational institutions, schools, and hospitals appeared in Pishpek.

Representatives of the progressive Russian intelligentsia left a memorable mark on the history of the city. Among them is the first paramedic V.M. Frunze, into whose family a son, Mikhail, a future party, state and military leader, was born on January 21, 1885; scientist gardener A.M. Fetisov, head of the Kyrgyz school of horticulture.

An economic committee was created from wealthy homeowners and merchants, headed by officials of the county administration. The volost administration of the lands adjacent to the city was headed by Uzbek Boshkoev, the nephew of the famous Baytik-baatir and a participant in the military campaigns of General Chernyaev to Tashkent. Uzbek Boshkoev was the grandfather of the ideological founder of modern Kyrgyz statehood, Abdykerim Sydykov.

The city was a trading city, but it also had its own intelligentsia: the Terentyev family, doctor F.V. Poyarkov, paramedic V.M. Frunze, gymnasium teacher K.F. Svirchevsky, irrigator Vasiliev and others, who brought the best of European civilization to this region. Outstanding travelers passed through the city and stayed here: I.V. Mushketov, N.M. Przhevalsky, Delmaz Morgan, Capu, Bonvalot, Blank. At the same time, the Kyrgyz intelligentsia was also rising. The children of major Kyrgyz merchants and industrialists were already studying at Russian gymnasiums and universities. The city acquired a permanent connection with European civilization through telegraph and mail. Pishpek joined the same historical events that governed the entire continent. And it is no coincidence that our city was one of the first to peacefully accept Soviet power. Here on the outskirts Russian Empire well understood the significance of the October Revolution.

Immediately after the February events of 1917 in Russia, after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas I from the throne, here, in distant Pishpek, on March 31, 1917, the Pishpek Council of Soldiers, Officers and Workers' Deputies was created. The Bolshevik group was strong in the city and district. On January 1, 1918, the Bolshevik G.I. Shvets-Bazarny (the first Soviet mayor of the city) was elected chairman of the Pishpek Council, and a resolution was adopted recognizing the central Soviet power.

But by December 1917, the entire Semirechye was engulfed in a White Cossack rebellion. On December 14, 1917, armed detachments of White Cossacks and leftist Essers from the village. Belovodskoye broke through to Pishpek and occupied its western part. The White Cossacks had far-reaching plans to create an “independent Cossack Semirechensk republic” without the Bolsheviks, the Tsar, the “Golytba” and the Kyrgyz. And the peaceful city of Pishpek, lying on the way between Tashkent and Verny (Almaty) was a “stumbling block” for the implementation of these plans.
The city was defended by the 1st Pishpek Regiment under the command of Y.M. Logvinenko, who arrived from the Northern Semirechensky Front. By December 28, the entire district was cleared of counter-revolutionaries.

The first to fall in the struggle for the power of the people were buried on January 1, 1919 in the center of Pishpek, in an oak park, near the St. Nicholas Church, where a rally under the slogan “For Soviet Power” once took place. Nowadays, a 2-meter granite obelisk rises above a small mound of a mass grave with four cannons.

The entire people of Kyrgyzstan, inspired by the Revolution, rushed to a new life. Just a few days after the establishment of Soviet power, on November 16, 1917, the “Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia” was published, signed by V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin). The Declaration proclaimed the equality and sovereignty of the peoples of Russia, their right to self-determination, even to the point of secession.

With great enthusiasm, all the leading people of Kyrgyzstan perceived this opportunity to create an independent statehood. The best minds of the Kyrgyz intelligentsia took an active part in the practical implementation of this idea. A. Sydykov, I. Arabaev, D. Sooronbaev and others already in the summer of 1917, even before the October Revolution, united to concretely formalize the idea of ​​Kyrgyz statehood. Not everyone was able to see the fruits of their ideas. In the 20s - 30s, national state associations of the huge Union were created in a hidden, difficult internal political struggle. “They tragically died, every one of them, in the bloody orgy of the totalitarian regime,” A. Akaev said about these people.

The people have not forgotten their heroes. The streets of Bishkek and universities are now named after these people with a tragic but high fate. In the fall of 1996, a gallery of busts was opened near Ala-Too Square near the first government building of the former Pishpek, the oldest storey building in the city, near the House of Friendship of Peoples (former State Historical Museum, architect Zenkov, 1927).

And, most importantly, the dream of these extraordinary people came true. Gradually, with enormous efforts and at the same time great spiritual uplift, Kyrgyz statehood was created, a modern economy was formed, and Kyrgyz culture developed. From feudalism, in just a few decades, Kyrgyzstan stepped into a new society, taking its rightful place in modern civilization.
A. Orozbekov, Yu. Abdrakhmanov, Razzakov, T. Kulatov and our other contemporaries, including the first President of independent Kyrgyzstan A. Akaev, became practical implementers of this idea at the head of their people.

And the former small county town of Pishpek became the political and economic center of the great transformations.
October 14, 1924 Pishpek is the center of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. On February 1, 1926, Pishpek was the capital of the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On May 12, 1926, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR approved the name Frunze for the city of Pishpek. Since December 5, 1936, the city of Frunze has been the capital of the Kirghiz SSR. Frunze is a flourishing region with a powerful diversified industry, highly developed mechanized diversified agriculture. The former remote province, which did not even have country roads before the revolution, was covered with a network of asphalt highways and steel highways. The routes of local and allied airlines ran in the sky, connecting the capital of the republic - Frunze with Moscow, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk and other cities of the former union.

The science and art of the Kyrgyz people have achieved unprecedented development, and their literature and cinematography have received worldwide recognition. The level of well-being of the working people of Kyrgyzstan has increased immeasurably. Deprived of basic household amenities before the revolution, former nomadic pastoralists and their descendants live in beautiful modern cities and villages, enjoying all the benefits and achievements of civilization. The majestic transformations that the working people of the republic are making reveal new qualities of people, new phenomena characteristic only of socialist reality, which add up to a multicolored picture of the current existence of the republic, where representatives of more than 80 nations and nationalities of our country live and work as one family, where they develop and bear wonderful fruits the best, carefully stored national traditions, enriched by the experience of fraternal international community.

In accordance with the Constitution adopted on May 5, 1993, the Kyrgyz Republic is a sovereign unitary democratic republic, built on the principles of a legal secular state. The city of Bishkek is its capital.
In April 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the SSR decided to rename the city of Frunze. The city was returned to its ancient original name.

Bishkek today

City symbols: Flag Coat of Arms

The city is built on an orthogonal plan, which facilitates its ventilation with mountain air. There are 938 streets in Bishkek. The main streets of the city: Manas Avenue, Chui Avenue - st. Den Xiao Ping, Abdrakhmanov, Alma-Atinskaya, Pravdy, Zhibek Zholu (Silk Road) streets, Baytik Batyra (formerly Sovetskaya) - Baku, Moscow. There are many children's playgrounds and outdoor cafes on Erkindik and Molodaya Gvardiya boulevards. Residential areas are located in the south: microdistricts 3 to 12, Asanbay district; in the east: “Alamedin-1”, “Vostok-5”, “Vostok-6”; in the southeast: “Kok-Zhar”, “Ulan”; in the central part - "South-2".

Transport

Railway

There are three railway connections: railway stations: Pishpek, Bishkek and Alamedin. The main flow of passengers and cargo is oriented to Russian cities through the territory of Kazakhstan. Local intercity and commuter trains are also available

Electric

As a city public transport There is a trolleybus system. Trolleybuses are also used in the cities of Osh and Naryn.

Automotive

The main type of public transport is automobile: buses, minibuses, taxis

The number of passenger cars increased threefold from 2000 to 2011. The number of trucks decreased slightly from 9 thousand in 2000 to 8.7 thousand in 2011. The number of buses registered in the capital doubled.

Currently, 160,106 vehicles are registered. Of them individuals owned 145,957 cars, legal entities - 14,139. ​​In 2010, 141,433 were registered in Bishkek. Of these, 127,168 vehicles belonged to individuals and legal entities - 14,265.

The city began construction of the first ring road, and also, through a grant from the Japanese government, the city's bridges were reconstructed. The length of roads is more than 1.2 thousand km. Repairs of the bypass road have also begun, which should lead to a reduction in traffic jams on the streets of the capital.

Airport

On the administrative territory of Bishkek, 23 km from the city limits, there is the Manas International Airport, named after the hero of the Kyrgyz epic of the same name. Today, one of the US Air Force air bases is located in the airport area. According to the ICAO classification, Manas is a class 4E airport. Its 4.2 km long runway allows it to accommodate aircraft of all types, including in difficult weather conditions. The total area of ​​the apron is 242 thousand m². The airport has 38 parking lots and two telescopic bridges. Construction of a new terminal is underway.

Economy

Bishkek is the economic center of the country.

In 2011, the city produced industrial products worth 28,108.4 million soms, an increase of 117.2%. Of the total volume of services provided throughout the republic, Bishkek accounts for 58.7%. The average monthly salary for January-November 2011 was 12,035 soms, which is 1.4 times higher than the republican level. Bishkek is a donor for other regions of the republic. The expected contribution to the country's GDP will be 36.1% in 2012. In the vicinity of the capital there is a free economic zone "Bishkek".

Industry

All branches of industrial production are available. Among them, the main ones are: mechanical engineering and metalworking, light and food industries, and energy. Large industrial enterprises in Bishkek include: Thermal Power Plant, JSC "Reemtsma-Kyrgyzstan", Corporation "Dastan", Plain Cloth Factory, Coca-Cola Bishkek Bottlers, "Bishkek Dan-Azyk"; joint-stock companies: "Bishkeksyut", Bishkek Machine-Building Plant, "Kyrgyzavtomash", "Kyrgyzshampanes", reinforced concrete plant "Bishkek", "Keramin", enterprise associations "Bulgars", Zhyldyz "Baypak", etc.

Industrial enterprises are located in the west and east of Bishkek. Among them: the Akun flour mill, the Kyrgyz Konyagy cognac factory, Kyrgyzmebel JSC, the producer of national drinks Shoro, Severelectro, and a thermal power plant.

Trade

The city of Bishkek is a regional center of trade, being a hub between the PRC, Kazakhstan and Russia. In Bishkek there is the largest wholesale and retail market in Central Asia: "Dordoi", the largest auto market: "Azamat", as well as a number of other markets: "Osh" (market), "Alamedin" (market), "Orto-Sai" ( market), "Ala-Archa-2" (market), "Kudaibergen", etc.; There are large shopping centers: “Vefa”, “Bishkek-Park”, “Dordoi-plaza”, “Tash-Rabat”, “TSUM-Aichurek”, “Caravan”, “Children’s World”, “Beta-Stores”, etc. The city has representative offices of such large international companies as Mercedes-Benz, Audi-VW, Sumitomo, Federal Express, DHL, UPS, LG-Electronics, Daewoo, Phillips, Siemens, Panasonic, Reemtsma, Coca-Cola, Samsung, Toyota, Kia and etc.

Finance

The head offices of the banks are located in Bishkek: "RSK-Bank", "Aiyl-Bank" (both state-owned), "Demir Kyrgyz International Bank", "Dos-Credobank", "Bank-Asia", "Rosinbank", "Eco-Islamic Bank" ,Bakai-Bank" and others.

Internet and cellular communications

The city has a significant concentration of Internet users and mobile communications. The Internet is provided via an optical line, ADSL and Wi-Fi technology. There are more than 10 Internet providers, the largest: Asia-Info, Kyrgyztelecom, ElKat, Aknet, Megaline, Homeline, Saima-Telecom. Internet coverage covers almost 90% of the city.

Cellular communications in the city are represented by 6 large companies, under the brands "Beeline", "MegaCom", "O!", "Fonex", "Katel", "Nexi". On average, every resident of the capital has a cell phone.

Mass media

Newspapers

Magazines

• Premium men's intellectual magazine "One Magazine"
• Fashionable women's magazine "FEMME"
• Glossy magazine for smart and successful "for Woman"
• Blife magazine in Russian and English languages
• Magazine for parents "Little Joy"
• Magazine "Holiday Cocktail"
• Glossy women's magazine in Russian and Kyrgyz languages ​​"Bishkekchanka"
• glossy magazine "BiStar" - in Russian

News agencies

• Inform kg
• AKI press
• 24 kg
• "Cabar"
• News Agency "KANT kg"
• kloop kg

Science and education

Bishkek is the largest scientific and educational center in Kyrgyzstan. In Bishkek there are:

• Kyrgyz State Institute of Arts named after B. Beishenalieva (KGII)
• National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic
• Scientific station of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Bishkek
• Kyrgyz National University named after Zhusup Balasagyn
• Kyrgyz State Technical University named after Isak Razakov (formerly Frunzensky Polytechnic Institute)
• Kyrgyz Economic University named after M. Ryskulbekov
• Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture (KGUSTA)
• Kyrgyz Agrarian University named after K. Scriabin (formerly Agricultural Institute named after K. Scriabin)
• Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev
• Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University
• American University of Central Asia
• International University of Kyrgyzstan
• Kyrgyz-Turkish University "Manas"
• Bishkek Academy of Finance and Economics
• Kyrgyz Academy of Tourism
• Higher Military Institute of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic
• International Academy of Management, Law, Finance and Business
• Kyrgyz Academy physical culture and sports

The following are also located in Bishkek: research organizations:

• National Surgical Center of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic

There are two large libraries

• Library named after V.I. Lenin
• Republican Public Library named after N.G. Chernyshevsky

Attractions

• Forge Fortress (hill and parts of the fortress)
• Memorial complex "Ata-Beyit"
• State Circus
• Hippodrome
• Republican Center for Children and Youth "Seytek"
• South Gate

Squares

• Ala-Too Square is the central square of Bishkek. Here is the monument to “Manas the Magnanimous”
• Old Square
• Victory Square and Victory Monument
• station Square
• University Square
• theatre square
• Soviet square - Architectural complex, between the City Hall building and the Philharmonic building.