In which city is the oil refinery located? Russian refineries: main plants and enterprises

LUKOIL includes four refineries in Russia (in Perm, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod and Ukhta), three refineries in Europe (Italy, Romania, Bulgaria), and LUKOIL also owns a 45% stake in a refinery in the Netherlands. The total capacity of the refinery is 84.6 million tons, which practically corresponds to the Company’s oil production in 2018.

The Company's plants have modern conversion and refining facilities and produce a wide range of high-quality petroleum products. Russian plants exceed the average Russian level in terms of technological level of capacity and efficiency indicators, and the Company's European plants are not inferior to competitors and are located near key markets.

Oil refining at our own refineries in 2018

Modernization

The company completed a large-scale investment cycle in 2016 with the commissioning of Russia's largest complex for advanced processing of vacuum gas oil at the Volgograd Refinery.

The implementation of the program made it possible to increase the environmental class of produced motor fuels to Euro-5, as well as to significantly increase the share of petroleum products with high added value in the produced basket.

Russian refineries

The commissioning of new processing plants in 2015–2016, optimization of the loading of secondary processes and expansion of the raw material basket made it possible to significantly improve the structure of products and reduce the share of fuel oil and vacuum gas oil in favor of increasing the share of light petroleum products.

OIL PROCESSING AT REFINERY IN RUSSIA IN 2018

In 2018, work continued to increase the depth of processing through the use of alternative raw materials and additional loading of secondary processes, including through deepening inter-plant integration.

Volgograd Refinery

Located in the southern region of Russia

Processes a mixture of light West Siberian and Lower Volga oils

Oil is supplied to the plant via the Samara-Tikhoretsk oil pipeline

Finished products are shipped by rail, river and by car

The main conversion processes are coking units (2 units with a capacity of 24.0 thousand barrels per day), hydrocracking units (with a capacity of 67.0 thousand barrels per day)

* Excluding unused capacity (1.2 million tons since 2015).

History of the plant

The plant was put into operation in 1957 and became part of LUKOIL in 1991. In the early 2000s. a gasoline mixing station and an oil drainage rack, diesel fuel hydrotreating installations, stabilization of straight-run gasoline and gas fractionation of saturated hydrocarbon gases were put into operation.

In 2004-2010 The first stage of a coke calcination unit and an isomerization unit were commissioned, and a catalytic reforming unit was built. The vacuum block of the AVT-6 installation was reconstructed and put into operation. The production of diesel fuel under the EKTO brand has begun.

In 2010-2014 The diesel fuel hydrotreating unit was modernized, a hydrogen concentration unit, a delayed coking unit, a diesel fuel hydrotreating unit, and the second line of the coke calcination unit were put into operation.

In 2015, the ELOU-AVT-1 primary oil refining unit was put into operation, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of refining and increase the oil refining capacity to 15.7 million tons/year.

In 2016, a complex for advanced processing of vacuum gas oil was put into operation. The capacity of the largest Vacuum Gas Oil Advanced Processing Complex in Russia is 3.5 million tons/year. It was built in record time - 3 years. The complex also included installations for the production of hydrogen and sulfur, and plant facilities.

In 2017, the hydrocracking unit, built in 2016, was successfully brought into design mode. This made it possible to significantly improve the plant’s basket of petroleum products by replacing vacuum gas oil with products with high added value, primarily Euro-5 diesel fuel.

In 2018, the Volgograd Refinery developed a technology for the production of low-sulfur dark marine fuel that meets future MARPOL requirements.

Perm Oil Refinery

• Oil refinery plant of fuel and oil petrochemical profile

  Located 9 km from Perm

  Processes a mixture of oils from fields in the north of the Perm region and Western Siberia

  Oil is supplied to the plant via the Surgut-Polotsk and Kholmogory-Klin oil pipelines

  Finished products are shipped by rail, road and river transport, as well as along the Perm-Andreevka-Ufa oil product pipeline

  The main conversion processes are T-Star hydrocracking units (65.2 thousand barrels/day), catalytic cracking (9.3 thousand barrels/day), coking (56.0 thousand barrels/day)

History of the plant

The plant was put into operation in 1958, and in 1991 became part of LUKOIL. In the 1990s. The plant implemented a program for the reconstruction of a coke plant, built a vacuum distillation unit for fuel oil, created oil production, and put into operation a unit for the utilization of hydrogen sulfide and the production of sulfuric acid.

In the 2000s. a deep oil refining complex and an isomerization unit were introduced, the AVT units were reconstructed and the atmospheric unit of the AVT-4 unit was modernized. In 2008, the refinery's capacity was increased to 12.6 million tons/year.

In 2011-2014 The capacity of the delayed coking unit was increased to 1 million tons/year, the diesel fuel hydrotreating unit was modernized, and the technical re-equipment of the vacuum unit of the AVT-4 unit was completed.

In 2015, the Oil Residue Processing Complex was put into operation, which made it possible to switch to a fuel oil-free scheme and increase the yield of light petroleum products; the construction of a power unit with an installed capacity of 200 MW was also completed. In 2016, the reconstruction of the diesel fuel hydrodearomatization unit of the hydrocracking unit was completed.

In 2017, a fuel oil discharge rack with a capacity of up to 1 million tons per year was put into operation. The overpass increased inter-plant integration and made it possible to provide a complex for processing oil residues and a bitumen production unit at the Perm Oil Refinery with heavy petroleum feedstock from the Nizhny Novgorod Oil Refinery.

In 2018, the infrastructure for receiving fuel oil was put into operation at the Perm Refinery, which made it possible to increase the load on delayed coking units and increase inter-plant optimization within the Group.

Nizhny Novgorod Refinery

Fuel and oil refinery plant

Located in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod region

Processes a mixture of oils from Western Siberia and Tatarstan

Oil is supplied to the plant via the Almetyevsk-Nizhny Novgorod and Surgut-Polotsk oil pipelines

Finished products are shipped by rail, road and river transport, as well as by pipeline

Main conversion processes - catalytic cracking unit (80.0 thousand barrels/day), viscosity breaking unit (42.2 thousand barrels/day)

History of the plant

The plant was put into operation in 1958 and became part of LUKOIL in 2001.

In the 2000s. AVT-5 and oil hydrotreating units were reconstructed. A catalytic reforming unit and a gasoline isomerization unit were put into operation, and the AVT-6 atmospheric unit was modernized. The hydrotreating unit was reconstructed, which made it possible to begin producing diesel fuel according to the Euro-5 standard. In 2008, a tar visbreaking unit with a capacity of 2.4 million tons/year was commissioned, which contributed to an increase in the output of vacuum gas oil and a decrease in the output of heating oil. In 2010, a complex for catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil was put into operation, thanks to which the production of high-octane gasoline and diesel fuel was increased. The diesel fuel hydrotreating unit was reconstructed.

In 2011-2014 A hydrofluoride alkylation unit was put into operation, and the reconstruction of AVT-5 was completed. In 2015, Catalytic Cracking Complex 2 and Vacuum Unit VT-2 were put into operation. In 2016, the raw material basket was expanded.

In 2017, the production of premium gasoline EKTO 100 with improved performance properties began. A final investment decision was also made on the construction of a delayed coking complex with a capacity of 2.1 million tons per year of raw materials. The raw materials for the complex will be heavy oil refining residues, and the main types of products will be diesel fuel, straight-run gasoline and gas fractions, as well as dark petroleum products - vacuum gas oil and coke. The construction of the complex and related optimization measures will increase the yield of light petroleum products at the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery by more than 10%. Increasing recycling capacity, along with optimizing plant loading, will significantly reduce fuel oil output.

In 2018, construction of a delayed coking complex began at the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery, EPC contracts were concluded with contractors, and preparation of the pile field and foundations of the complex’s installations began. Increasing the recycling capacity along with optimizing the plant's load will make it possible to reduce fuel oil output by 2.7 million tons per year.

Ukhta Oil Refinery

Located in the central part of the Komi Republic

Processes a mixture of oils from the fields of the Komi Republic

Oil is supplied to the plant via the Usa-Ukhta oil pipeline

Main conversion processes - visbreaking unit (14.1 thousand barrels/day)

* Excluding unused capacity (2.0 million tons).

History of the plant

The plant was put into operation in 1934 and became part of LUKOIL in 1999.

In the 2000s, the AT-1 unit was reconstructed, a diesel fuel hydrodewaxing unit, and an oil unloading and loading rack for dark oil products were introduced. The first stage of reconstruction of the catalytic reforming complex was completed, which increased the capacity of the process by 35 thousand tons/year. A unit was introduced to increase the concentration of hydrogen at the hydrodewaxing unit, the second stage of the oil and petroleum products unloading and loading rack complex was built, the re-equipment of the catalytic reforming unit was completed, and a vacuum tar visbreaking unit with a capacity of 800 thousand tons/year was launched, which made it possible to increase the production of vacuum gas oil. In 2009, construction of the isomerization unit was completed.

In 2012, the technical re-equipment of the reactor unit of the GDS-850 diesel fuel hydrotreating unit was completed. In 2013, the AVT unit was put into operation after reconstruction, and the capacity of the vacuum unit was increased to 2 million tons/year. The project for the construction of a gas condensate drainage unit has been completed. In 2014-2015 The technical re-equipment of the enterprise continued.

Mini-refinery

European refineries

OIL PROCESSING AT EUROPEAN REFINERY IN 2018

​Refinery in Ploesti, Romania

Oil refinery fuel profile

Located in Ploesti (in the central part of Romania), 55 km from Bucharest

Processes Urals grade oil (Russian export mixture) and oil from Romanian fields

Oil is supplied to the plant via an oil pipeline from the port of Constanta on the Black Sea. Romanian oil also arrives by rail

Finished products are shipped by rail and road transport

The main conversion processes are the installation of catalytic cracking (18.9 thousand barrels per day) and coking unit (12.5 thousand barrels per day)

History of the plant

The plant was put into operation in 1904 and became part of LUKOIL in 1999.

In the 2000s. production of AI-98 gasoline and low-sulfur diesel fuel has been mastered. In the early 2000s. installations for primary oil refining, hydrotreating, reforming, coking, catalytic cracking, gas fractionation and isomerization were modernized; installations for hydrotreating gasoline through catalytic cracking and hydrogen production were built. In 2004, the plant was put into operation. Later, an installation for the production of MTBE/TAME additives was commissioned, a 25 MW turbogenerator was launched, the reconstruction of diesel fuel hydrotreating, catalytic cracking, catalytic cracking gasoline hydrotreating and MTBE/TAME production units, as well as the vacuum unit of the AVT-1 installation, was completed. The construction of a hydrogen production plant was completed, which made it possible to produce Euro-5 fuels.

In 2010-2014 2 new coke chambers of the delayed coking unit were installed, the production of propylene with a sulfur content of less than 5 ppm was organized, the reconstruction of the amine unit was completed, and an improved control system was introduced at the AVT-3 unit, which allows increasing the yield of marketable products. In 2013, projects were completed to increase the degree of recovery of C3+ from dry catalytic cracking gas and modernize treatment facilities. A major overhaul of the enterprise was carried out, a transition to a fuel oil-free production scheme was carried out, the depth of refining and the yield of light petroleum products were increased.

In 2015, a catalytic cracking flue gas purification unit was put into operation.

​Refinery in Burgas, Bulgaria

Oil refinery plant of fuel and petrochemical profile


Located on the Black Sea coast, 15 km from Burgas


Processes oil of various grades (including Russian export grades), fuel oil


Oil is supplied to the plant via a pipeline from the Rosenets oil terminal.


Finished products are shipped by rail, sea and road transport, as well as via oil pipelines to the central regions of the country


The main conversion processes are a catalytic cracking unit (37.1 thousand barrels/day), visbreaking unit (26.4 thousand barrels/day) and a tar hydrocracking unit (39.0 thousand barrels/day)

* Excluding unused capacity (2.8 million tons).

The main refinery enterprises in Russia operating today were built in the post-war years, when the consumption of fuel of all brands by transport and industry sharply increased.

When choosing plant sites, we were guided by proximity to both production sites in order to reduce oil transportation costs, and to areas of intensive fuel consumption.

Distribution of capacities across the country

The largest oil refining capacities are concentrated in the Volga Federal District (Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Perm, Saratov region, Republics of Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkortostan) - 122 million tons per year.

Large capacities of Russian refineries operate in Central(Ryazan, Yaroslavl and Moscow regions) and in Siberian(Omsk, Kemerovo, Irkutsk region and Krasnoyarsk region) federal districts. The plants of each of these districts can process more than 40 million tons of oil per year.

Refinery Southern Federal District designed to process 28 million tons, Northwestern– 25 million tons, Far Eastern– 12 million tons, Ural- 7 million tons. The total capacity of refineries in Russia is 296 million tons of oil per year.

The largest oil refineries in Russia are the Omsk Oil Refinery (21 million tons), KirishiNOS (20 million tons, Leningrad region), RNA (19 million tons, Ryazan Oblast), Lukoil-NORSI (17 million tons, Nizhny Novgorod Region), Volgograd Refinery(16 million tons), YaroslavNOS (15 million tons).

Almost any questions about oil refining today can be answered from the media. Any information about refineries is available on the Internet, how many processing plants there are in Russia, where gasoline and diesel fuel are produced, what else they produce, and which plants produce particularly high-quality products. It's not hard to find if you want.

Oil refining depth

An important indicator of the oil refining industry, along with the volume of output, is the depth of oil refining that refineries in Russia have reached. Today it is 74%, while in Europe this figure is 85%, and in the USA - 96%.

The refining depth is estimated as the quotient of the mass of released products minus fuel oil and gas divided by the mass of oil received for refining.

The low yield of basic petroleum products is due to the lack of high modern technologies at the plants. Some of them were laid down in the pre- and post-war years, the processing processes used on them are outdated, and permanent crises since the early 90s did not give a chance to modernize production. Today, investments are gradually increasing, new workshops and processing complexes are appearing, the quality and yield of petroleum products is increasing.

From oil it is obtained through direct processing:

More complex refining processes make it possible to obtain substances, materials and products from oil, the list of which takes many pages. The higher the degree of oil refining, the less of it is required, and the lower the cost of production.

If you liked our article and we were somehow able to answer your questions, we will be very grateful for good review about our site!

A refinery is an industrial enterprise whose main function is the processing of oil into gasoline, aviation kerosene, fuel oil, diesel fuel, lubricating oils, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum coke, and raw materials for petrochemicals.

The production cycle of a refinery usually consists of the preparation of raw materials, primary distillation of oil and secondary processing of petroleum fractions: catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, coking, visbreaking, hydrocracking, hydrotreating and mixing components of finished petroleum products.

Refineries are characterized by the following indicators:

Oil refining options: fuel, fuel-oil and fuel-petrochemical.

Processing volume (million tons).

Depth of processing (yield of petroleum products based on oil, in % by weight minus heating oil and gas).

Today, refineries are becoming more versatile.
For example, the presence of catalytic cracking at refineries makes it possible to establish the production of polypropylene from propylene, which is obtained in significant quantities during cracking as a by-product.
In the Russian oil refining industry, there are 3 refinery profiles, depending on the oil refining scheme:
- fuel,
- fuel and oil,
-fuel and petrochemical.

First, oil is dehydrated and desalted in special installations to separate salts and other impurities that cause corrosion of equipment, slow down cracking and reduce the quality of refined products.
No more than 3-4 mg/l of salts and about 0.1% water remain in the oil.
Then the oil goes to primary distillation.

Primary processing - distillation

Liquid petroleum hydrocarbons have different boiling points. Distillation is based on this property.
When heated in a distillation column to 350 °C, various fractions are separated from oil successively with increasing temperature.
Oil at the first refineries was distilled into the following fractions:
- straight-run gasoline (it boils away in the temperature range 28-180°C),
- jet fuel (180-240 °C),
- diesel fuel (240-350 °C).

The remainder of the oil distillation was fuel oil.
Until the end of the 19th century, it was thrown away as industrial waste.

For oil distillation, 5 distillation columns are usually used, in which various petroleum products are sequentially separated.
The yield of gasoline during the primary distillation of oil is insignificant, so its secondary processing is carried out to obtain a larger volume of automobile fuel.

Recycling - cracking

Secondary oil refining is carried out by thermal or chemical catalytic splitting of primary petroleum distillation products to obtain more gasoline fractions, as well as raw materials for the subsequent production of aromatic hydrocarbons - benzene, toluene and others.
One of the most common technologies of this cycle is cracking.
In 1891, engineers V. G. Shukhov and S. P. Gavrilov proposed the world's first industrial installation for the continuous implementation of the thermal cracking process: a continuous tubular reactor, where forced circulation of fuel oil or other heavy petroleum raw materials is carried out through pipes, and in heated flue gases are supplied to the annulus.
The yield of light components during the cracking process, from which gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel can then be prepared, ranges from 40-45 to 55-60%.
The cracking process allows the production of components for the production of lubricating oils from fuel oil.

Catalytic cracking was discovered in the 1930s.
The catalyst selects from the raw material and sorbs on itself, first of all, those molecules that can dehydrate quite easily (give off hydrogen).
The unsaturated hydrocarbons formed in this case, having an increased adsorption capacity, come into contact with the active centers of the catalyst.
Polymerization of hydrocarbons occurs, resins and coke appear.
The released hydrogen takes an active part in the reactions of hydrocracking, isomerization, etc.
The cracking product is enriched with light, high-quality hydrocarbons, resulting in a wide gasoline fraction and diesel fuel fractions classified as light petroleum products.
The result is hydrocarbon gases (20%), gasoline fraction (50%), diesel fraction (20%), heavy gas oil and coke.

Hydrotreating

Hydrotreating is carried out on hydrogenation catalysts using aluminum, cobalt and molybdenum compounds. One of the most important processes in oil refining.

The objective of the process is to purify gasoline, kerosene and diesel fractions, as well as vacuum gas oil, from sulfur, nitrogen-containing, tarry compounds and oxygen. Hydrotreating units can be supplied with distillates of secondary origin from cracking or coking units, in which case the process of hydrogenation of olefins also occurs. The capacity of existing installations in the Russian Federation ranges from 600 to 3000 thousand tons per year. The hydrogen required for hydrotreating reactions comes from catalytic reforming units or is produced in special units.

The raw material is mixed with hydrogen-containing gas with a concentration of 85-95% vol., supplied from circulation compressors that maintain pressure in the system. The resulting mixture is heated in a furnace to 280-340 °C, depending on the raw material, then enters the reactor. The reaction takes place on catalysts containing nickel, cobalt or molybdenum under pressure up to 50 atm. Under such conditions, sulfur and nitrogen-containing compounds are destroyed with the formation of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, as well as saturation of olefins. In the process, due to thermal decomposition, a small (1.5-2%) amount of low-octane gasoline is formed, and during the hydrotreating of vacuum gas oil, 6-8% of the diesel fraction is also formed. In the purified diesel fraction, the sulfur content can be reduced from 1.0% to 0.005% and below. The process gases are purified to extract hydrogen sulfide, which is used to produce elemental sulfur or sulfuric acid.

Claus process (Oxidative conversion of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur)

The Claus plant is actively used at oil refineries for processing hydrogen sulfide from hydrogenation plants and amine gas purification plants to produce sulfur.

Formation of finished products

Gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel and technical oils are divided into various grades depending on their chemical composition.
The final stage of refinery production is the mixing of the resulting components to obtain finished products of the required composition.
This process is also called compounding or blending.

The largest oil refineries in Russia

1. Gazpromneft-ONPZ (20.89 million tons)

2. Kirishinefteorgsintez (20.1 million tons)

3. Ryazan Oil Refining Company (18.8 million tons)

4. Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez (17 million tons)

5. Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka (15.7 million tons)

6. Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (15 million tons)

7. TANECO (14 million tons)

8. Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez (13.1 million tons)

9. Gazpromneft - Moscow Refinery (12.15 million tons)

10. RN-Tuapse Refinery (12 million tons)

Large independent refineries in Russia

1. Antipinsky Refinery (9.04 million tons)

2. Afipsky Refinery (6 million tons)

3. Yaya Oil Refinery (3 million tons)

4. Mari Oil Refinery (1.4 million tons)

5. Kochenevsky Oil Refinery (1 million tons)

NK Rosneft is No. 1 in Russia in terms of oil refining capacity and volumes.

The Company's activities in the field of oil refining in last years was aimed at meeting the market demand for high-quality petroleum products.

For a number of years, Rosneft has been consistently implementing a program to modernize its refineries, which has allowed it to expand its range, improve the quality of its products and increase its competitiveness. This is the largest program in the Russian oil industry to modernize oil refining capacities. During the implementation of this program, from the end of 2015, a transition to 100% production of motor fuels of environmental class K5 for the domestic market of the Russian Federation was ensured, in accordance with the requirements of Technical Regulations TR CU 013/2011. Since 2018, a number of the Company’s refineries have launched the production of motor gasoline with improved environmental and performance properties AI-95-K5 Euro-6, as well as AI-100-K5.

As part of the Company's oil refining block on the territory Russian Federation There are 13 large oil refineries: the Komsomolsk Oil Refinery, the Angarsk Petrochemical Company, the Achinsk Oil Refinery, the Tuapse Oil Refinery, the Kuibyshev Oil Refinery, the Novokuybyshev Oil Refinery, the Syzran Oil Refinery, the Saratov Oil Refinery, the Ryazan Oil Refinery Company, the oil refining complex of PJSC Bash-Neft (Bashneft-Novoil) , "Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim", "Bashneft-UNPZ"), Yaroslavl Oil Refinery.

The total design capacity of the Company's main oil refineries in Russia is 118.4 million tons of oil per year. Rosneft also includes several mini-refineries, the largest of which is the Nizhne-Vartovsk Oil Refinery Association.

The share of PJSC NK Rosneft in oil refining in Russia is more than 35%. The volume of oil refining at the Company's Russian refineries in 2018 amounted to more than 103 million tons, demonstrating an increase of 2.8% compared to 2017. The yield of light products and the depth of refining are 58.1% and 75.1%, respectively, and production of motor gasoline and diesel fuel of ecological class K5 in 2018 increased by 2%.

The refining volume at the Company's mini-refineries in the Russian Federation in 2018 amounted to 2 million tons.

PJSC NK Rosneft also owns shares in a number of refining assets abroad - in Germany, Belarus and India.

In Germany, the Company owns shares (from 24 to 54%) in three highly efficient oil refineries - MiRO, Bayernoil and PCK, and in Belarus it indirectly owns a 21% stake in Mozyr Oil Refinery OJSC. The Company also owns a 49% stake in one of the largest high-tech Vadinar oil refineries in India, which has a primary oil refining capacity of 20 million tons per year.

The volume of oil refining at German plants at the end of 2018 amounted to 11.5 million tons. The volume of refining of crude oil at Mozyr Oil Refinery OJSC in the share of Rosneft PJSC in 2018 amounted to 2.1 million tons.