Big yalta that is included. Resorts of big yalta

Big Yalta is a 72-kilometer coastline two or three kilometers wide from Foros in the west to the village of Krasnokamenka in the east. In addition to Yalta itself, the zone of Greater Yalta includes many coastal cities and towns (Alupka, Gurzuf, Livadia, Gaspra, Koreiz, Miskhor, Simeiz, Foros, Massandra, Parkovoe and others - a total of 31 locality), which turns the city into one of the largest and most famous resorts in Europe.

Big Yalta beaches

The beaches of Big Yalta are mostly pebbly; on climatic conditions the coast is closer to the Crimean sub-Mediterranean. Traditionally, the beach of the South Coast is divided by concrete breakwaters going into the sea, just above the coast there is an embankment, above which the edges of the mountains rise. The beaches of sanatoriums and boarding houses are mostly artificial, consisting of small pebbles and gravel.

The climate of Big Yalta

In summer, the average temperature is +24°С, in February - +4.1°С, however, snow can still lie on the Ai-Petri plateau in March.

It usually rains in late autumn and winter.

The swimming season in the region starts in early June and can last until October. The most pleasant time to relax is the velvet season, when there are few vacationers, the sea is still warm, and the sun is no longer too hot.

Accommodation in Big Yalta

Numerous sanatoriums, boarding houses and rest houses are located on the territory of the Yalta Reserve.

Traditionally, many tourists choose private sector. You can rent a small house, apartment or room - it all depends on the thickness of the wallet and preferences. As a rule, supply exceeds demand, so there should be no problems with renting accommodation on the spot upon arrival. However, it is worth considering when choosing a vacation spot that living in Miskhor will cost twice as much as, for example, in Alupka. Miskhor and its surroundings are the most expensive resorts in Big Yalta.

You can book accommodation in hotels in this region in the "Yalta Hotels" section on the Travel.ru website.

Sights of Big Yalta

In addition to relaxing at sea, in Yalta you should definitely visit the Old Town, palace and park complexes, the Lesya Ukrainka Museum, the largest summer museum in the CIS concert hall"Jubilee", Yalta State Historical and Literary Museum with branches along the coast.

There are many remarkable churches and monasteries in the region: the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky, the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Massandra, St. Great Martyr Theodore Tiron, St. Nina in Gaspra, Holy Cross Exaltation in Livadia, as well as the Church of St. John Chrysostom, the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos in Lower Oreanda, St. Alexander Nevsky at the sanatorium of St. Luke in Alupka, the Holy Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon, Archangel Michael in Alupka, the solitary Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Foros, etc.

It is also interesting to see the unique Museum of the Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking "Magarach" (founded in 1828), an exotic cable car to Mount Darsan (Ai-Petri massif), a favorite place for walking - Embankment Street in Yalta, "Glade of Fairy Tales" at the foot of Mount Stavri -Kaya, Uchan-Su waterfall, picturesque mountain lake Karagol and much more.

The "visiting cards" of the region include Mount Ayu-Dag, dotted with caves Ai-Petri, the Baidar Gate Pass, Chatyr-Dag (Tent Mountain), the majestic gorge of the Grand Canyon of Crimea near the village of Sokolinoye, the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, a luxurious park (1834). ) in Foros, Miskhor landscape park, a small castle standing on the overhanging sea sheer cliff, - "Swallow's Nest" (1912) in Gaspra, a complex of palaces of the royal family in Livadia (built in 1911, in February 1945, the Crimean Conference of the heads of state of the anti-Hitler coalition was held in the Great Hall of the palace).

The coastal rocks of Diva, Panea, Swan Wing, the landscape and historical-architectural reserve of Mount Koshka, as well as the Simeiz Astrophysical Observatory are of interest.

The main attraction is the palace and park ensemble of the Vorontsov Palace (1828-1848) with a rich museum collection and a huge park.

It attracts attention with the unusual rocks of Adalarami, the youth health resorts "Artek" and "Sputnik", as well as the beautiful parks of the military sanatorium (the former Gubonin hotel complex), vineyards and the charming coast.

The main attraction of the village is the Dulber Palace with a magnificent park (200 plant species).

The coast of Big Yalta in the 19th - early 20th centuries was a favorite vacation spot for wealthy Russians. Aristocrats and wealthy merchants aspired to have dachas there. They did not spare money, inviting the most famous architects, ordering them unusual projects, and therefore many luxurious palaces appeared along the coast. In whatever village you are relaxing, there will definitely be a landscape park with an old mansion nearby.

Transportation of Big Yalta

Nearest international Airport located in Simferopol. You can get to Yalta from Simferopol by trolley bus (runs every 20 minutes, the road to Yalta takes 2.5 hours), minibus, bus or taxi (travel time is about 1.5 hours).

The main transport hub of the Big Yalta region is the Yalta bus station. Most of the routes of buses, trolleybuses and fixed-route taxis, following the city, as well as to the surrounding cities and towns, begin or pass through it. Address: Yalta, st. Moscow, 8.

Bus routes that can take you to the villages of Big Yalta:

• No. 32: Clothing market - Alupka (palace, along the lower road);
• No. 33: Stroygorodok - Golden Beach;
• No. 35: Bus station - "Gornaya zdravnitsa" (according to the schedule, the rest of the time through Sechenov street on Krasnoarmeyskaya);
• No. 39: Center - bus station - hypermarket "Furshet";
• No. 42: Bus station - Simeiz (goes along the Yalta - Sevastopol highway);
• No. 44: Center - Massandra - sanatorium "Dolossy" (village town Sovetskoye);
• No. 47: Clothing market - town. Koreiz (Yalta - taxi depot - Gaspra - Koreiz);
• No. 50: Bus station - Ai-Petri plateau (summer);
• No. 77: Sanatorium "Dolossy" (pgt. Sovetskoye) - Nikitsky Botanical Garden - st. Stakhanovskaya (town Massandra);
• No. 100: st. Stakhanovskaya - town. Livadia - Livadia Hospital (the route has been renumbered from the 5th);
• No. 102: Bus station - Alupka (on the lower road, the route is renumbered from the 27th);
• No. 104: Bus station - "Artek" (the route is renumbered from 31b; the old numbering is used on stencils);
• No. 105: Bus station - waterfall (according to the schedule, the rest to YuBSh 44; the route has been renumbered from the 30th; the old numbering is used on the stencils);
• No. 106: Bus station - town. Gurzuf (the route is renumbered from 31a);
• No. 107: Bus station - town. Katsiveli (the route has been renumbered from the 36th);
• No. 108: Bus station - town. Livadia (separate flights to the san. "Lower Oreanda"; the route is renumbered from the 11th; the old numbering is used on the stencils);
• No. 109: Clothing Market - Winzavod (along Sverdlov St., route renumbered from 40th);
• No. 110: Bus station - Partenit (the route has been renumbered from the 46th);
• No. 111: Clothing market - guest. "Yalta" - Nikitsky Botanical Garden (the route is renumbered from the 34th; the old numbering is used on the stencils);
• No. 115: Bus station - town. Simeiz (the route has been renumbered from the 26th);
• No. 117: Bus station - town. Foros (the route has been renumbered from the 28th; the old numbering is used on stencils).

There are many berths on the Yalta embankment, from where boats leave for the surrounding villages. O intercity routes can be found at the sea station of Yalta. Address: Yalta, st. Roosevelt, 5.

Nature of Big Yalta

From the north, the entire region of Greater Yalta is covered by the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains overgrown with forests, which is why a unique microclimate is formed on the coast.

In the mountain zone is Yalta mountain forest nature reserve, along which hiking, cycling and equestrian ecological trails are laid. The reserve is worth a visit karst caves Trekhglazka and Yalta, see the Uchan-Su and Yauzlar waterfalls, the rocks of Shishko, Alimushka, Stavri-Kaya, the Besh-Tekne tract and many other interesting places.

History of Big Yalta

For the first time, Yalta was mentioned by an Arab geographer who described the Crimean coast at the beginning of the 12th century. In subsequent centuries, the Venetians and Genoese invaded this region.

In the 18th century, when Crimea was annexed to Russian Empire, Yalta was a tiny fishing village.

In 1837, Yalta became a county town, and in the 1860s it already became a fashionable resort.

After the revolution, the former dachas of the aristocrats were nationalized and turned into rest homes, active construction of sanatoriums began - Yalta was turning into an all-Union health resort.

Yalta is the pride of the Crimean peninsula and one of the most popular resorts. The city itself is the administrative center of Greater Yalta, which consists of small settlements of the Southern coast: Alupka, Simeiz, Gurzuf, Foros, Miskhor, Massandra, Koreiz, Gaspra and other settlements. The area of ​​Yalta is 17.37 sq. km.

The population is about 78 thousand people.

Geographical coordinates of Yalta on the map of Crimea GPS N 44.50171524 E 34.15557300

Historians suggest that the name Yalta comes from the Greek word "yalos", which translates as "shore". The Taurians were the first to populate the territory of modern Yalta. They intensively developed these lands in the period of the Ⅸ-Ⅵ century BC. e. This is confirmed by archaeological research, during which the ruins of the settlements of ancient Yalta were found. In the 2nd century these settlements were called Jalita. The Arab geographer Adu Abdallah Muhammad Al-Idrisi wrote about this in his works.
In the ⅫⅠ century, Venetian merchants became the owners of these places, and a little later the Genoese settled here. In 1475, Yalta became a province of the Ottoman Empire, and after a little more than one century, following the results of the Russian-Turkish war, it joined the lands of the Russian Empire. For many centuries Yalta was a small fishing village, and only in September 1838 it was given the status of a city. And this city became a resort at the end of the ⅩⅠⅩ beginning of the ⅩⅩ century, when the royal families began to prefer to spend their holidays here. Also, the popularity of recreation in Yalta was influenced by the construction of a road connecting it with Simferopol and Sevastopol.

Climate in Yalta subtropical mediterranean. Winters are warm here, the average temperature does not fall below zero. In summer it is very warm here, even hot. The peculiarity of the climate in Yalta is the absence of strong winds, as the mountains reliably protect the city. There are a lot of clear days here, and the sea water temperature fluctuates around 20°C.

Ecology in Yalta can be called quite favorable. The main source of pollution is automobile exhaust.
Yalta is divided into three main parts: old, new and Chekhovo. Its lands also include the villages of Nikita and Livadia.
Industry in the city is poorly developed. The largest are: the winery "Massandra", OJSC "Yalta fish processing plant", a beer and non-alcoholic plant, a bakery and a meat processing plant.

Attractions in Yalta great multitude. You can also visit the palaces, see the beauty of the Wuchang-Su waterfall and the Ai-Petri mountain with a cable car leading to it, look at the animals in

Average temperature in the city by months:

Yalta through the eyes of a resident. About climate, ecology, areas, real estate prices and work in the city. Pros and cons of living in Yalta. Reviews of residents and those who moved to the city.

General information and a brief history of Yalta

Yalta, or as it is also called the “Russian Riviera”, is a resort capital in the southern part of Crimea. But the administrative center, called Big Yalta, includes: Alupka, Foros, etc. The length of Big Yalta is 72 km, and the territory is 900 hectares, half of which is built up, and the rest is planted with trees and exotic shrubs.

The vast territory of the modern city has been inhabited since ancient times, but intensive development began in the 9th-6th century BC. Yalta was first mentioned in writings, then it was called Jalita, in the 12th century. The famous Arab traveler Adu Abdallah Muhammad al-Idrisi mentioned her in his writings.

This city has seen many conquerors, was in the possession of the Golden Horde, Genoa, the Ottoman Empire, the USSR, Ukraine. Today it is part of the Russian Federation. Only in 1838, together with the formation of the county, Yalta received the status of a city. And after 5 years, the development plan was agreed and the coat of arms was approved.

The rapid development of the city began during the construction of the port and highways with Simferopol and Sevastopol. From the beginning of the 60s of the 19th century, Yalta and its environs began to develop as resorts. At the same time, the imperial family acquired the Livadia estate here, later the favorite vacation spot of all the Romanovs. Thus, Yalta became a fashionable aristocratic resort.

The turning point and impetus for the rapid development of the resort area was the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On the use of the Crimea for the treatment of workers." At the same time, sanatoriums, the Artek children's camp, etc. were opened. Pioneers, the proletariat and cultural figures come to Yalta from all over the USSR.

Climate and ecology of Yalta

The climate in Yalta resembles a subtropical Mediterranean, acclimatization is very fast and easy.

Winters here are very warm for Russia, mild (average temperature +4-5°C). Cool in spring, very hot in summer. But autumn in Yalta is warm and long. The sun shines for about 2300 hours a year. By the way, Nice, Cannes and San Remo have the same figures.

Not the last role is played here by the combination of the non-freezing sea with the Crimean mountains, which reliably protect the city and its environs from cold winds in winter, dry heat and winds of the Tauride steppes in summer. From the south, the city is completely washed by the sea.

The swimming season in Yalta is very long, it opens at the end of May and lasts 149 days, until mid-October. The average water temperature is kept at around 20°C.

But from the point of view of ecology, the situation in Yalta is quite tense. The city has a strong traffic load, in connection with which the concentration of carbon monoxide exceeds the norm by 5-7 times. This is a clear sign of the poor quality of the fuel used. And the average concentration of benzopyrene is almost 2 times higher than the norm.

The sewage treatment plant and the water network are in a dilapidated condition, which contributes to the pollution of the water adjacent to the popular beaches. There are also problems with garbage collection; caring citizens often organize subbotniks and clean their city themselves. This situation allows Yalta to be included in the list of cities with unfavorable environmental conditions.

Population

In terms of population, Yalta occupies an honorable 3rd place among all the cities of the peninsula. About 90 thousand people permanently live in Yalta itself. At the same time, each holiday season this figure increases by 300,000 - 500,000 people at the expense of city guests and tourists.

As for the gender and age group of the population, here 45% are men, and 55% are the fair sex. It is noteworthy that for last years the percentage of the population that is younger and older than working age is sharply increasing. But the percentage of the working-age population is constantly decreasing.

If we talk about the demographic situation as a whole, then it has almost the lowest rates in Crimea. The average birth rate is 9.3 per 1,000 people. Mortality exceeds these figures by 2 times.

Recently, the percentage of marriages has increased, and divorce cases have decreased. Interestingly, Yalta residents are the least divorced in the cities of Crimea.

If we talk about the education of citizens, then there is no unequivocal answer here. There are not so many higher ones in the city educational institutions, in particular, only three: the Crimean University for the Humanities, the Institute of Economics and Management, the European University. Mostly dominated by a variety of colleges and schools. In general, education and its availability are at the average level.

People here are friendly, friendly, accustomed to numerous tourists. And they will tell you how to get there, and how to get there. True, traders in the markets are a little rude.

Districts and real estate of Yalta

Conventionally, Yalta is divided into 3 main areas: Old city, from where Yalta, the new city and Chekhovo began. The city also includes the village. Nikita and Livadia.

Old city

Or, Old Yalta, as the area is also called, originates from the street. Boulevard and stretches up to the east. This area is notable for a large accumulation of various buildings from the past centuries. It is the past, because since the end of the 20th century, practically nothing has been built in old Yalta, since there is no place for this. This area is characterized by narrow winding streets and a large number of houses built close to each other.

Old Yalta is an administrative district, where the mayor's office, police, hospitals, city administrative bodies, etc. are located. Among the buildings, 2- and 3-storey houses from the time of imperial Russia in the style of classicism and baroque, with their inherent stucco molding and chic decoration, predominate. Of course, many of these houses have been restored, but the outskirts of the district are dominated by shabby, graffiti-scribbled shacks, there is no other way to call them.

Most of the premises in the houses of this area are rented for shops, offices, banks, restaurants and other organizations providing all kinds of services, and the area itself is perfect for young motivated people to live, but not for families with small children.

If during the day zeal and efficiency reign in old Yalta, then at night the area turns into Entertainment Center with countless restaurants, concert venues, clubs and summer cafes. This area also includes, perhaps, the most favorite vacation spot for both local residents and visiting guests - the Yalta Embankment. In any weather, at any time of the day, it is always crowded here.

It is impossible not to note the landscaping of this area. Here, a variety of tropical plants, trees and shrubs are presented in abundance. Without a doubt, the central part of the old town is very well landscaped. On the outskirts, you need to get used to pictures that are strange for a tourist center. For example, to shabby semi-shabby buildings or to linen hung right on the street.

If we talk about the equipment of kindergartens and schools, then there are minor problems with this. But the number and variety of sites, on the contrary, has good indicators.

The average cost of an apartment near the Embankment is 120,000 - 150,000 dollars.

New city - fashionable dormitory area in the north-west of the city, consists of several neighborhoods with serial numbers.

New Yalta is distinguished by its intricate buildings and modern, fully equipped residential complexes.

Multi-storey buildings, numerous hotels, a large number of landscaped yards and playgrounds. The area is picturesque, well landscaped.

There are many shops, supermarkets, pharmacies and organizations providing various services to the population. Everything is within walking distance. Quiet, calm and measured environment. The average cost for a one-bedroom apartment in this area is $60,000 - $70,000.

Abolished village, included in the city. It is located in the west of the city near the house-museum of A.P. Chekhov, hence the name. Luxurious cottages, painted villas and houses predominate.

The area is fully landscaped, there are shops, pharmacies. Cons: the nearest hospital is far enough away, there are no large shopping centers.

Nikita is an urban-type settlement 7 km from Yalta. Here is the famous Nikitinsky Botanical Garden and many other parks and squares.

Mainly cottage village, recently gaining the status of the tourist center of Yalta for family holidays.

It has the cleanest sea. True, most of the residential buildings are located at a considerable distance from it. There are many hotels and guest houses here.

Quiet and peaceful place, ideal for families and children. Cons: the sea is far away, there are not enough clothing stores and pharmacies. The average cost of a private house fluctuates around $1,000,000.

On the other side of Yalta is the village of Livadia with the imperial estate. The Livadia Palace, the residence of the Romanov family, is the main attraction of this place. It has its own school, kindergarten, boarding school. Lots of hotels, shops, restaurants and bars. Recently, the development of this village with multi-storey residential complexes has been actively carried out.

The village is fully equipped with playgrounds, including new ones.

Cons: no large supermarkets and shopping centers, insufficiently equipped hospital.

Buses and fixed-route taxis run constantly between the village and Yalta. The average cost of a one-room apartment in a new building is 80,000-100,000 dollars, while prices for private houses range from 500,000 to 5,000,000 dollars.

Infrastructure Status

The housing and communal complex of Yalta is quite well developed. There are many private organizations serving the homes in the city. Despite the competition, the increase in prices for housing and communal services does not have to wait long. The amounts in receipts are growing, and practically nothing is being done for the benefit of houses and courtyards.

At home, street hooligans now and then scribble graffiti, and no one is in a hurry to erase this modern painting. The porches are cleaned well, as is the area around the house. But this is not done as often as the situation requires.

Fortunately, with the arrangement and maintenance of highways and roads in Yalta, everything is more or less tolerable. At least, you can’t say that the roads in the yards are bad or look like a sieve of bumps and potholes. All potholes are filled in time and quickly, and the roadbed is leveled.

If we talk about traffic jams and traffic jams, then if they happen here, then in the summer - at the peak of tourist activity.

As for the transport infrastructure of Yalta, it fully serves the needs of the resort. The main land arteries are highways: Simferopol - Alushta - Yalta and Sevastopol - Yalta - Feodosia. The city has sea ​​port, which has several directions: passenger, trade and cargo.

The main types of urban transport are buses and minibuses. The variety and remoteness of routes, as well as a large number of buses on the line, satisfy all the needs of citizens and guests of the city. Not so long ago, the city fleet was replenished with brand new buses from the post-Olympic Sochi with the symbols of the 2014 Olympics.

Despite the developed transport infrastructure, there are a lot of private taxi organizations in the city, which are also in demand among the population. The average price per kilometer is just under half a dollar.

If we talk about the problems of the city, then the most important of them can be called drinking water, or rather its lack. Drinking water was supplied to the city from the Ukrainian Dnieper through the North Crimean Canal. In light of recent events, this water is simply gone. Until 2017, the city will live off reserve storage facilities and artesian sources. By 2017, it is planned to complete the large-scale construction of a water pipeline, which will provide water to the entire Crimea, including Yalta.

Businesses and work in the city

The industry of Yalta revolves around 17 major enterprises. Basically, these are the light and food industries, the construction industry and the electric power industry.

The number of people employed in industry is 3.5 thousand people, which corresponds to 22.8% of those employed in the manufacturing sector and 5.8% of total employment in the economic complex.
Undoubtedly, the main industry is the food industry, whose enterprises employ more than 50% of all workers in the industry.

The main enterprises of the industry: The head factory of vintage wines "Massandra", Yalta bakery, meat factory, beer and non-alcoholic plant, JSC "Yalta fish factory".

In the future, the food industry will remain the leading industry in Yalta.

The electric power industry is represented by such enterprises as Krymteplokommunenergo, Yaltakurortteploenergo and Thermal Networks. The industry employs 33.5% of those employed in industry.

The building materials industry in Yalta is represented by the production and technological equipment department of the Krymspetsgidroremstroy trust, the Yalta plant Stroydetal, etc. The number of employees in the industry is 11.2%.

More than 2,000 objects of all forms of ownership are serving the population and guests in Yalta, including:

• More than 600 stores with an area of ​​over 36 thousand m2
• More than 500 catering establishments for 23.6 thousand seats
• 150 kiosks, pavilions
• 130 consumer services enterprises
• 12 markets for 3000 trading places
• 114 seasonal catering establishments for 4500 seats
• 530 outlets

Nevertheless, the main part of the able-bodied population of the city works at the enterprises of the resort all year round in all spheres of economic activity. The number of people employed in sectors of the economy in 2013 fell by 5% and amounted to 55 thousand people. This indicates an outflow of labor resources to other areas of economic activity. For example, the number of entrepreneurs and individuals has increased.

In the current year, as in the previous ones, the characteristic reason for dismissal is low wages, delay in wages up to 3 months, mismatch of the employee's qualifications with the requirements of the employer. In the first half of 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, the number of registered unemployed people decreased by 1.5 thousand people, which is 60% of the unemployed population registered.

Do not forget that Yalta has its own specifics as a resort and recreational complex, which carries out seasonal activities, which affects the structure of the economy and the work of enterprises, organizations and institutions and other areas of life of the population. The average number of full-time employees in all resort and tourism organizations is about 20 thousand people. In the period from May to September, the number of employees increases to 25 thousand people. As a rule, this contingent is made up of pupils, students, and pensioners involved in temporary work who previously worked at these enterprises.

It should be noted that the average salary in Yalta does not exceed $250.

Crime

The criminal situation in Yalta is generally stabilized. Since the entire leadership and most of the internal composition of law enforcement agencies changed in 2010, the percentage of crimes solved has begun to increase. If we talk about specific statistical figures, then in 2013, serious and especially serious offenses decreased by 5.5%.

In recent years, scammers have become more active in Yalta. Basically, they trade through SMS messages or go to the apartments of old people, posing as workers in social services and banks.
Also, the percentage of crimes committed by teenagers and youth has recently increased.

It should be noted that Yalta is the leader in the number of "land" crimes. It is understandable, because this is a resort. In the last 6 months alone, more than 200 illegal decisions of the authorities on the disposal of land plots have been cancelled. And this is only what was checked during the prosecutor's check. Real numbers are unlikely to ever surface.

Among the most "high-profile" and resonant crimes committed in Yalta, there are several. This murder of a newborn on the Ai Petri plateau shocked all Yalta residents ... And after 5 months, the residents of the city were stunned by law enforcement agencies, who proved that the child was killed by her own mother. As well as dozens of murders committed by the criminal gang of "black realtors" who operated on the territory of Yalta, forced them to rewrite apartments for themselves, and then brutally killed their victims. Last year, all gang members were detained, the coordinator was sentenced to the highest measure of restraint in the form of life imprisonment

Sights of Yalta

Of course, the very first place that every person who comes to Yalta should visit is the Central Embankment. Lenin.

It is framed by palm trees and an endless number of all kinds of cafes, bars, restaurants, attractions for children and adults. Here, every gourmet will find a place to their taste: from hamburgers at McDonald's to a juicy steak with a glass of good red wine at Geneva. Here is a favorite meeting place for young people, hidden in the shade of palm trees - a monument to V.I. Lenin. And in the very center of the embankment there is a pier, from where you can go on a sea voyage on a motor ship or a pleasure boat. The cable car to Darsan Hill also starts from here.

In the cinema and concert hall "Yubileiny", which is located nearby, concerts of pop stars are constantly held. And lovers of vibrant nightlife will be delighted with the clubs in the recreation center "Leto" and "Matrix", which are located in the Oreanda Hotel.

There are restaurants and cafes in Yalta for every taste and budget, which is worth the most pompous restaurant "White Lion" or "Karagol" - Brezhnev's favorite place!

Fans of French cuisine will be delighted with the "White Shark". For those to whom trips to pretentious establishments are alien, there are always numerous pizzerias and inexpensive cafes.

Of course, having visited the beloved city of Chekhov, one cannot but visit the house-museum of the famous Russian classic. Living in his estate in Yalta, A.P. Chekhov wrote his most famous works.

You can not pass by the majestic church of St. John Chrysostom.

One of the first stone buildings with unusual architecture is considered to be the main decoration of Yalta. This also includes the Armenian Church, the Nevsky Cathedral on the street. Sadovaya and the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.

In addition to architectural delights, there are a lot of museums in Yalta with interesting expositions. And in the secluded corners of numerous parks and squares, various monuments to cultural and political figures are hidden.

3 km from Yalta is the famous residence of the last Romanov imperial family - the Livadia Palace.

It also hosted the Yalta Conference of the Heads of State who won the Second World War. Today, the palace has become a museum that is constantly open to visitors.

And on the territory of the Yalta sanatorium there is another palace, or rather a whole palace ensemble of the Emir of Bukhara.

The chic Moorish-style palace is now occupied by the library of the sanatorium.

For children in Yalta, there is a huge number of attractions, the Aqua Park, the Skazka Zoo, the Aquatoria Theater of Marine Animals.

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Yalta on the map is located in the southern part of Crimea, from Foros in the west and up to Krasnokamenka in the east. This city is the recognized resort capital of the peninsula, an important passenger and commercial port.

Name history

The city of Yalta, according to the most common version, got its name from the Greek word "yalos", which translates as "shore". For the first time this settlement was mentioned in 1154. Lines about the Polovtsian city on Black Sea coast came out from the pen of the Arab historian Al-Idrisia.

Yalta on the map. Physical and geographical characteristics

The city is located in the southern part of the Crimean peninsula. It occupies the coast of the Yalta Bay, in the Black Sea. On the territory of the city are the hills of Darsan and Glory. On the land side, Yalta is surrounded by a semicircle of the Crimean Mountains.

A general resort attraction is the Vorontsovsky and Livadiysky parks, laid out on the territory of Greater Yalta (the latter includes the city itself, Alupka and many villages). First of all, they impress with their impressive size. When creating them, unique decorative foreign plants were widely used.

Climate features

Where is the city of Yalta? Approximately at the same geographical latitude as the popular Italian resorts of Genoa and Ravenna. Approximately 2250 hours a year the warm sun caresses the city. Such luxurious Mediterranean resorts as San Remo, Nice and Cannes can boast of a similar indicator. The city of Yalta (Crimea) has a temperate climate, similar to the Mediterranean subtropical. Winters here are rainy and mild, springs are cool, summers are long and hot, and autumns are warm and long (the so-called velvet season).

Yalta on the map of Crimea is in the arms of the warm sea and mountains, which play the role of reliable defenders from cold winds. Such geographical feature provides favorable conditions for vacationers.

Yalta (Crimea) is famous, first of all, for its recreational resources. Such reserves as "Cape Martyan", Crimean natural and Yalta mountain-forest, provide the medical and climatic value of the resort.

Beaches

Yalta (photos of the city are presented in the article) is famous for its magnificent beaches. However, not so long ago they were subjected to gradual destruction under the influence of landslides. People began to deliberately ennoble the beaches only a few decades ago. So, the construction of retaining walls, digging trenches in the seabed and filling them with stones was organized. With the help of floating cranes, hundred-ton groins were installed, and millions of cubic meters of rubble were placed between them. As a result, people have learned to create artificial beaches even in those areas that were previously considered absolutely unsuitable for recreation.

Fauna, flora

The Yalta nature reserve is unique place, where about two thousand species of a wide variety of plants grow. Juniper-oak forests and bushes cover the slopes of the city. The most common are Scotch and Crimean pine, as well as juniper, and fluffy, maple, hornbeam, beech, cedar, dogwood, pear and mountain ash.

The forests on the southern coast are extremely important for water and soil protection, therefore they are recognized as protected areas and are carefully protected.

The fauna of the southern Crimean coast has an island character and is similar in type to the Mediterranean. On this territory you can see red deer, roe deer, stone marten, badger, teleutka squirrel, wild boar, weasel, fox, hare, hedgehog, shrew, bat.

Ecological situation

First of all, let's highlight a number of existing problems:

• At least nine hundred units per hour (sometimes this figure reaches 1600 units) is the traffic load on the main highways of Yalta in the summer in the daytime. As for the winter period, boiler houses are considered the main source of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, the condition of their treatment systems has left much to be desired for many years.
• The maximum concentration on the highways of Simferopol reaches six MPC (maximum permissible concentration), and on the roads of Yalta - three may be due to the use of low-quality fuel.
• As experts have established, in Yalta the concentration of benzapyrene is almost twice as high as the optimal one. This fact suggests that the ecological situation in the city is unsatisfactory.
• In March 2012, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development allocated ten million hryvnias to modernize the Yalta sewerage system in order to stop the discharge of runoff into the Black Sea. However, as of 2013, the city's sewage treatment plants are still in very poor condition. For this reason, the waters adjacent to the port beaches are periodically polluted with sewage.
• April 2012 was marked by a wide discussion of the problem of poor cleaning of city streets. Local residents independently organized subbotniks to clear Yalta of garbage. In September of the same year, such events resumed, as the local authorities were unable to maintain cleanliness in the city.

A bit of history

The remains of the settlements of the ancient inhabitants of the Crimean territories - the Taurians - were found by archaeologists near Simeiz, on Cape Ai-Todor and on as well as in some other places. Artifacts have been dated to around the fourth or fifth centuries BC. The Taurians were pirates, fishermen, farmers, hunters and herdsmen. Their way of life can be described as semi-sedentary.

According to legend, Yalta is a city founded by Greek sailors. It is believed that they wandered for a long time through the endless expanses of the Black Sea, and after they saw the long-awaited shore, they exclaimed: “Yalos!” (that's the Greek word for "shore"). Since then, these lands have been called that. On maps and in documents of the XIV century. the city is referred to as Yalita, Gialita, Callita and Etalita.

Yalta is Russia or Ukraine? Currently, it belongs to the Russian Federation, but in the summer of 1475, the city, like the whole of Crimea, was captured by the Ottoman Turks. The southern coast was included in the Ottoman Empire. In the second half of the fifteenth century there was a powerful earthquake that destroyed Yalta. Only seventy years later, Armenians and Greeks began to settle in the devastated area. Historians believe that it was during that period that the name used until now was fixed behind the city.

Yalta is Russia or Ukraine? Back in 1783 Crimea became part of the Russian Empire. This happened as a result of the process of mass resettlement of Crimean Christians in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov in 1778 and the emigration of Crimean Tatars to Turkey. At that time, Yalta was a small deserted fishing village.

nineteenth century

The governor-general of the Novorossiysk lands - Count Vorontsov - in 1823 provided two hundred acres of Yalta land on condition of cultivation of vineyards, orchards and construction. Newly wealthy owners, thanks to the hard work of their serfs, erected luxurious villas, palaces, mansions on this territory, laid huge industrial gardens and vineyards. In addition, magnificent parks appeared at that time, which to this day delight the eyes of local residents and tourists: Gurzufsky, Massandrovsky, Alupkinsky, Livadia and others.

The city of Yalta gradually grew. The map of the area allowed Vorontsov to understand that this inconspicuous settlement, thanks to its unique relief and convenient bay, could become an important city for Russia.

Important transformations

The year 1838 was marked by the formation of the Yalta district. The once deserted village has acquired the status of a city. A year earlier, Count Vorontsov ordered the construction of a gravel road that connected Yalta with Simferopol and Alushta. In 1848 the city got a direct road connection with Sevastopol.

Destruction and restoration

During the war of 1853-1856. the whole of Crimea was seriously affected. Yalta (a map of the city of that time helps to understand the nature and scale of the destruction) was no exception. Over time, the city was restored, moreover, they began to talk about it as great resort. Dr. Dmitriev and Professor Botkin noted that the Yalta climate is healing. It was for this reason that Emperor Alexander III issued a decree on the construction of two palaces in the city - Livadia and Massandra.

Private construction also did not stand still. So, one of the richest people in Russia - Prince Yusupov - built a palace in Koreiz, Count Milyutin - in Simeiz, Naryshkin - in Miskhor.

In 1886, according to the instructions of Alexander III, the construction of a powerful stone pier, as well as a sewer system, began. Another important completed project of that period was the Yalta embankment. In 1898, the construction of the city water supply was completed.

As a result, by the end of the nineteenth century, many knew where Yalta was on the map, since the city was already known as a wonderful resort. The interest of those in power was also fueled by the fact that in the 1860s, Livadia, near Yalta, became the southern residence of the tsar's family.

The twentieth century

Yalta is Russia or Ukraine? Russia. And at the beginning of the last century, many representatives of the imperial nobility considered it their duty to have a palace or at least a dacha on the southern coast of Crimea.

By 1914, two gymnasiums and a commercial school, two clubs, four paid ones, libraries and the same number of cinemas had already been opened in the city.

The position of Yalta has changed significantly after two revolutions - February and October - died down. According to Lenin's decree, luxurious mansions and palaces were transferred to the use of the people. In addition, new health resorts were actively built. The Dolossy sanatorium was the first to open its doors. It happened in 1928.

And again the war ...

During the Great Patriotic War, German troops occupied the Crimea. Anti-Nazi activities were launched in Yalta. The invaders organized a Jewish ghetto in the city. 4,500 Yalta residents were driven there. All of them were later shot near Massandra. In the period from 1941 to 1944, Yalta was mercilessly bombarded by enemy aircraft. The city was liberated from the invaders in April 1944.

Yalta is Russia or Ukraine? From 1954 to 2014, the city was part of the Ukrainian lands, but now it is part of the Russian Federation.

recent history

At the dawn of the twenty-first century, the reconstruction of most of the Yalta coast began. As a result, the condition of the beaches has significantly improved, which today receive more than one thousand people a year, and Massandrovsky was even awarded " blue flag". In 2003, reconstruction work was completed on the city embankment. Since then, it has been not only a shopping street, but also a place of mass celebrations. In 2009, a memorial chapel was erected on the same embankment, which was later consecrated in the name of the Cathedrals of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia. It was built in honor of the memory of all those innocently killed during the hard times, during the years of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. It is noteworthy that the memorial is located not far from the wooden chapel of St. Alexander Nevsky, demolished in 1932, erected in memory of Alexander II, who died at the hands of terrorists.

March 18, 2014 Crimea (including Yalta) became part of Russian Federation. This happened on the basis of a popular referendum held two days earlier, as well as an agreement between the authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea.

It is not for nothing that the inhabitants of Yalta proudly call their native city an open-air museum. Created for the recreation of Russian nobles, this once tiny settlement is now popular resort. Tourists from many countries are happy to soak up the local beaches under the gentle Yalta sun.

The southern coast of Crimea is a wonderful place that has been attracting people for several centuries. , the unofficial capital of this region, grows every year, occupying the surrounding mountains, merging with neighboring villages.

The concept of a big Yalta has already appeared: over 70 kilometers. Big Yalta in the east begins with Gurzuf, and ends in Foros in the west. The structure of Big Yalta includes the city of Alupka, 7 large resorts and many small resort villages.

The boundaries between them are practically erased. On a small stretch of the peninsula there are many palaces, mansions, churches, parks and other interesting sights.

Gurzuf

It is probably no coincidence that among the many empty valleys of the southern coast of Crimea, the first Russians chose Gurzuf. Estates were built here, parks laid out, one of the first resorts in Russia was opened.

Since those times, a small part of the old town with narrow, crooked streets, a magnificent park with fountains of the 19th century, cottages of K. Korovin and A. Chekhov, which today have been turned into museums, and many other interesting corners that are pleasant for walking, have been preserved.

Mount Bear- a symbol not only of Gurzuf, but of the entire Crimea. A bear drinking water from the sea is visible from almost anywhere in the village.

You can climb or drive to the top of the mountain and admire the stunning views of the sea and the coast.

In Gurzuf there are several houses of creativity of artists and writers. This place has an extraordinary aura, which is so necessary for work and creativity.

From Yalta to Gurzuf 18 kilometers. You can get there by bus from the Yalta bus station or by minibus number 31. Travel time is about an hour.

Massandra

Massandra is a small, cozy village very close to the outskirts of Yalta. To develop this place, like all the villages of the southern coast of Crimea, began in the 19th century.

The glory of Massandra was brought by the wineries that still exist here, which were the first in the Crimea to produce wines of European quality.

The famous wine cellars of Massandra are still the main object of interest for tourists. Tours come here from all over Crimea to visit the cellars, taste the famous Massandra wines and, of course, to buy the wines they like.

- the most obscure royal residence. As a museum, the palace was opened relatively recently.

For many years after the revolution, the palace was the state dacha of the first persons of the state, and therefore it was well preserved.

The magnificent Massandra Park still pleases tourists today. This park is a true masterpiece of landscape architecture.

From the center of Yalta to Massandra is only 5 kilometers. You can get there by bus number 44 or minibus number 3 in just 5-10 minutes, if the road is free.

Livadia

On the slope of Mount Mogabi, 3 kilometers from Yalta, there is the village of Livadia. In the 70s of the 19th century, Livadia became the summer residence of the Russian Tsar Alexander III.

For the royal family, the Big and Small palaces were built. Even earlier, by the first owners, vineyards were planted, and the production of wines began.

A park with rare plants was laid out on a large territory, an orchard was planted, and a greenhouse was set up. When the royal family rested in Livadia in the summer, outsiders were strictly forbidden to enter the residence. Even travel on the Yalta-Sevastopol road was blocked.

After the revolution in 1925, a sanatorium was opened in Levadia, which still exists.
During the German occupation, the Great so-called White Livadia Palace.

In February 1945, the famous Yalta Conference was held here. After many years of restoration work in 1974, the White Palace was opened for tours.
In Livadia there is a center of organ music "Livadia".

Livadia is located on a mountain, the village rises about 100 meters above the sea. Going down stairs every day is not a very pleasant experience.

To go down to the beach, you can use the elevators, which are 300 meters from the village. Elevators are paid, have 2 queues, and deliver to the free beach.

The beach of Livadia is large-pebbly, with a small number of sunbeds. The water in the sea, unlike Yalta, is very clean.

From Yalta to Livadia can be reached by minibuses:

• No. 11 from the Yalta bus station;
• No. 27 Yalta-Alupka;
• No. 55 Massandra - Livalia;
• Nos. 32, 47 from the clothing market.

The border between Yalta and Livadia is conditional, travel time is no more than 10 minutes.

Oreanda

The name of the village was given by the rocks surrounding it. The word "oreanda" means rocky. The resort is separated from Yalta by 6 kilometers. Most of village, Lower Oreanda, located by the sea.

Since 1825 the settlement has been the property of the Romanov family. Until now, the "Sunny Path" passes here, which originates in Livadia Park and ends in a white gazebo-rotunda.

Here, Nicholas I built the first palace in the Crimea, which, after his death, the palace passed to the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich.

The palace burned down 30 years after its construction. After the fire, the remaining stones were built

The most interesting sight of Oreanda is the mast rock.

A huge rock near the seashore is split into two parts. Inside one of them there is a grotto in which they found the site of a primitive man.

There are many sanatoriums in Lower Oreanda that have a common beach called "Golden Beach"

The small-pebble beach stretches for 400 meters between Livadia and Cape Ai-Todor, similar to the trident of Neptune.
The rocks above Oreanda protect it from the northern winds.

The magnificent park of Oreanda, with many evergreens, makes this small village great place for relax. There is a "Chekhov" bench in the park. The writer often walked in the park, and the action of many of his stories takes place here, in particular, the meeting of the heroes of the story "The Lady with the Dog".

You can get from Yalta by any minibus from the Yalta bus station towards Alupka. The road Yalta - Alupka passes through the village.

Gaspra

Gaspra, which is located 10 kilometers from Yalta, is considered one of the the best resorts southern coast of Crimea.

Gaspra has practically no borders with the neighboring villages of Miskhor and Koreiz. There are many sanatoriums in Gaspra that operate all year round.

The abundance of cedars, junipers and cypresses make the air curative. Doctors recommend that people with lung diseases spend at least 2 weeks a year here.

There are many attractions in Gaspra, the most famous of which is the Swallow's Nest castle. This castle on a rock is one of the famous symbols of Crimea.

Now the castle is closed for restoration, but the observation deck around it is open. It offers a beautiful view of the surroundings.

There are very ancient and rare monuments in Gaspra - the Taurus necropolises and the Roman fortress of Charax, which were built before our era.

Sanatorium "Yasnaya Polyana" before the revolution was a palace that belonged to Prince Golitsyn and Countess Panina. In 1901-1902, Leo Tolstoy rested here. The sanatorium has a museum room of L. Tolstoy and a memorial plaque.
The building of the sanatorium "Yasnaya Polyana" is a palace with octagonal side towers, which are crowned with battlements and twined with ivy. The building is very decorated with lancet windows.

From Gaspra to Livadia passes the Tsar's path, which was a favorite place for walking the family of Tsar Nicholas II.

In Gaspra there is the Aytodor lighthouse, built in 1835 on the site where the Roman signal tower was located.
Y. Tyurin, the lighthouse keeper, created a museum of marine life items: ship bells, nautical charts, photographs and items of marine life.

At the top of Ai-Todor, a unique tree grows - pistachio, which is more than 1000 years old. This amazing tree is one of the oldest in the Crimea.

The beaches of the sanatoriums of Gaspra are pebbly. They are well equipped with umbrellas, sunbeds, changing rooms, showers and toilets.

Natural, "wild" beaches on the southern coast of Crimea are very rare. In Gaspra they are, and from dark shale sand mixed with gravel. To protect the beaches, pebbles have been added to the beach soil.

From the Gaspra embankment to Yalta can be reached by pleasure boat or motor ship. Also, all three main car roads along the southern coast of Crimea pass through Gaspra. You can get from Yalta to Gaspra by minibuses No. 47 (Yalta - Koreiz), No. 26 (Yalta - Simeiz), No. 32, 27 (Yalta - Alupka), or by regular bus Yalta - Foros.

Koreiz

The history of Koreiz, a small village 12 kilometers from Yalta, began in the 30s of the 19th century. The estate here was acquired by Princess A.S. Golitsina, who was exiled to the Crimea for her religious views.

According to the project of architects K.Eshlishman and F.Elson, a manor was built and Orthodox Church. At the beginning of the 20th century, Prince Yusupov bought the estate, and next to the old manor house he built a magnificent palace in the Art Nouveau style.

The Yusupov Palace is one of the most luxurious in the Crimea. The palace was built according to the project of the architect Krasnov from local stone, gray marble-like limestone, the deposit of which is located in Gaspra.

The architecture of the palace is eclectic: white enamel panels, Viennese chairs and corner sofas side by side with marble lions brought from Italy. The palace is surrounded by a magnificent park, which occupies more than 16 hectares. Ornamental plants grow in the park, many of which are rare.

In Koreiz there is another remarkable monument - the Dulber Palace. It was built at the end of the 19th century for Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich Romanov, uncle of Emperor Nicholas II. The Moorish style of the palace distinguishes it from the Crimean palace buildings. Pyotr Romanov borrowed ideas for the building while traveling in the Middle East. The amazing castle is decorated with domes and battlements, above the entrance you can see a saying from the Koran. The palace is surrounded by a picturesque park with palm trees, bamboo groves, plane trees and pistachio trees.
Currently, the palace houses a sanatorium.

The Ai-Petrinsky mountain range rises above Koreiz. The slopes are covered with a forest of the famous Crimean pine, and the teeth of Ai-Petri look like the ruins of medieval castles or dragons.

You can get to Koreiz from Yalta by bus number 47. The bus leaves from the square near the Yalta clothing market.

Foros

Foros is one of ancient settlements southern coast of Crimea. It was founded by the Greeks in the 5th century BC. Information about Foros can be found in the treasury lists of Genoa.

After the conquest of the Crimea by Russia, the Foros estate was acquired by A. Kuznetsov, the porcelain and tea king. For a long stay of the Kuznetsov family, a two-story mansion was built in the style of classicism. The interior of the mansion was quite luxurious. The best masters of applied art were invited to design it. 15 wall panels by the artist Y. Klever have survived to this day. Today the mansion is one of the buildings of the sanatorium.

Simultaneously with the mansion, the Foros park was founded. The forests that grew on the slopes of the mountains became the basis of the park. Most famous place park - "Paradise". There are 6 artificial lakes, picturesquely located at different levels.

The construction of the magnificent Foros Church of the Resurrection of Christ is also associated with the name of Kuznetsov. It is located on the Red Rock and rises 400 meters above the sea. The snow-white cross-domed temple in the Byzantine style was built of brick. In accordance with Byzantine traditions, the interior of the temple is striking in luxury: frescoes, mosaics, marble cladding.
The church offers a beautiful view of Foros, Cape Chekhov, the wonderful Tikhaya Bay.

Foros is separated from Yalta by 38 kilometers, which can be reached by minibus No. 28 from the bus station.

Big Yalta - magnificent resort region with dozens of resort villages, many palaces, unique parks, a huge number of sanatoriums and wonderful, warm sea. Rest here is a real holiday.