Characteristics of the country's tourism industry. Ireland Holidays in Ireland

Ireland: a story about the features of tourism and leisure. Useful information about Ireland for the traveler.

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The fact that Ireland existed several thousand years before the birth of Christ is evidenced by numerous megalithic finds: the buildings of Poulnabron, Knowt, Glantein.

For several centuries, Ireland was divided into small kingdoms, the rulers of which constantly waged internecine wars. For a long time, the country suffered from Viking raids, which plundered many lands. To expand the territory of capture, the Vikings began to create shelters - cities. By the way, this is how Dublin, the current capital of Ireland, was formed. Only at the beginning of the 11th century did the Irish finally unite and drive the invaders from their land.

Later, the power of the English kings was established in the country. Numerous attempts by the Irish to free themselves from their oppression were in vain. As a result of the riots, about 800 thousand indigenous people were killed. The "Great Famine" in the 19th century claimed the lives of another 1 million people, about 1.5 million Irish people immigrated. Many fled to America in the hope of a better life.

But the Irish, who remained in the country, did not give up and continued to fight for independence. In 1921 they succeeded. England recognized Ireland as an independent state, although it retained six counties. Today this territory is called Northern Ireland, and to visit it you need to open an English visa.

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As previously stated tourism income in Ireland is 1 billion Irish pounds.

We can say that in Ireland they know how to use the resources given by nature and created by people. All opportunities are being used to attract tourists. Roads - autotourism, cycling, horse-drawn transport. Rail network - train travel. The landscape of the country, stunning in its beauty, is hiking. Rich water resources - all kinds of fishing, water travel. Archaeological and architectural monuments - educational tourism. This list is quite long and it is not possible to give it in full.

The situation with tourism in Ireland is such that it is enough for a tourist to have only money, a guidebook and documents with him. The friendliness of local residents, who perfectly understand the importance of tourism, a developed network of accommodation, food and transportation will do the rest for him. This indicator (whether a traveler can visit the country on his own, without the help of a tour operator) characterizes the level of tourism development in Ireland in the best possible way.

According to Bord Failte (Tourism Board of Ireland), leading Western tour operators are expanding their presence in the Irish market. If earlier the leadership in sales of tour packages belonged to sea and air carriers, today their positions are being squeezed by operators specializing in organizing city sightseeing tours.

Gresta Holidays is considered to be one of the leading operators selling tour packages together with transportation (inclusive tours). Last year it carried 30,000 passengers, and this year it intends to surpass the 40,000 mark.

According to Jane Williams, the company's marketing manager, Dublin has become the third most visited European capital after Paris and Amsterdam. Gresta Holidays offers its clients accommodation in 25 Dublin hotels.

Tour operator Travelscene has released its new "Cities" and "Drivetime" brochures, with a significant focus on Ireland. The number of hotels he sells increased from nine to seventeen. Time Off has greatly expanded its intake capacity in Dublin and also offers programs outside of it.

According to Ashley Woods, program manager for the Irish Selection, self-guided tours of Ireland remain very popular.

The airline Aer Lingus offers tourists summer programs in conjunction with Drive Ireland, a well-known holiday operator in Ireland.

Ferry companies Stena Line and Iris Ferries sell tour packages in Dublin and in the southwest and southeast of the country. Iris Ferries released this year the brochure "Golf in Ireland". Another new program this year is bike safaris. Its organizers intend to take advantage of the interest in the stage of the Tour de France, which will take place on the roads of Ireland in July. A week-long bike tour starts at £319 including bike rental.

Grystal relies on the sale of holidays in villas and ancient castles. SeaCat offers boat trips and Blakes offers Irish canal excursions.

Over the past 10 years, 1.5 billion Irish pounds have been invested in the construction of new and modernization of existing hotels in Ireland. Large sums of money are invested in other objects that attract tourists - parks, golf courses, water parks, etc. A special brochure Update Ireland ("Updated Ireland"), prepared by the Irish Tourism Board, is dedicated to the description of new attractions.

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For many centuries, Ireland was the outskirts of all of Europe, and this despite the fact that many scientists and prominent Irish people worked in almost all corners of Europe. Over the centuries, Ireland has repeatedly tried to turn into a Protestant state, it tried to capture the colonial yoke, and the inhabitants of this hungry and poor region tried to leave to work overseas.

At the present time, Ireland is one of the most developed countries in the world with a high GDP and HDI per capita. Almost 30% of Ireland's GDP comes from the export of high-tech products and software. In addition, tourism is developing rapidly in Ireland. So, tourists from all over the world are attracted by the picturesque corners of the country, covered with Celtic legends. The most visited place in the state is Dublin, which was founded by the Vikings in the 9th century. At the beginning of the 18th century, the city became the center of the struggle against British rule, and already in 1919 Ireland became an independent state.

The most famous and historical monuments of the capital are Trinity College, founded in 1591, Dublin Castle of the 13th century, as well as the Gothic Cathedral of St. Patrick. Most of the inhabitants can be found on the square or the embankment. So, walking along the embankment, you can visit the defense towers, which were still erected in the era of Napoleon. One of the towers houses the museum of the famous writer James Joyce, who lived in it for a long time. In addition, such a rare direction in tourism as equestrian tourism is developing in Ireland. The thing is that the Irish are proud of their traditions, which are hundreds of years old.

Popular centers of the so-called equestrian tourism are the cities of Killarney and Birr. Ireland is also a very popular country for resort holidays, in particular sailing. Here is a real paradise for those who like to enjoy the lonely and quiet nature. One of the most popular islands is Blasket. It is located off the coast of the Dingle Peninsula. One of the oldest lighthouses in the country is located on this island. despite the inactive island life, many residents try to move to the islands, where they experience a sense of solitude and peace. It is noteworthy that the landowners of Ireland quite carefully preserve the old traditions. Among the places to visit, it is worth highlighting the chapel in the town of Gallarus, which was laid out of stones back in the 6-7th century, the ruins of the cemetery and the church on the island of Holi, the Irish pub - a classic vacation spot for many Irish people and much more.

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

RUSSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SERVICE

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL SERVICE AND TOURISM

COURSE WORK

CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN IRELAND

Work completed:

2nd year full-time student

Naumenko E.V.

Scientific adviser:

Doctor of Geological Sciences, Professor Fedorov G.M.

Kaliningrad

INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………...3

1 NATURAL CONDITIONS, GEOGRAPHY……………………………………...4

1.1 Geographic location. ……………………………………………… 4

1.2 Climate. …………………………………………………………………….. .five

1.3 Natural attractions. ……………………………………...five

2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION……………………………………………………………………...6

2.1 Political structure. ………………………………………………….6

2.2 Industry. ………………………………………………………….. 6

2.3 Economy. ………………………………………………………………….. .7

2.4 Standard of living. ……………………………………………………………....7

2.5 Currency and language. …………………………………………………………….....8

3 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL POTENTIAL AND TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE…………………………………………………………………………...9

3.1 History. ……………………………………………………………………....nine

3.2 Culture and traditions. ……………………………………………………....13

3.3 Tourism infrastructure. Facilities and accommodation facilities. ……………twenty

3.4 Transport. …………………………………………………………………...twenty

3.5 Food items. …………………………………………………………...22

3.6 Types of tourism. …………………………………………………………….....22

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..27

LIST OF USED SOURCES………………………….....29

APPENDIX………………………………………………………………..…30

Introduction.

Today in our country and, in particular, the Kaliningrad region, society has an increased interest in vacations abroad. This is due to the development of the economy and an increase in the standard of living of the population. Most often for travel people choose trips to Poland, France, Italy, England. But for some reason, our travel companies ignore such a country as Ireland and practically do not develop programs for visiting this country. While it is quite popular among tourists from European countries for its "stormy" history, charming nature in its own way and an abundance of historical sights.

The purpose of the work is the question: “What is Ireland and what do we know about it? ”, as well as the conditions and factors for the development of tourism in Ireland. The objectives of the study are as follows: study of the natural conditions and geographical position of the country, climate, socio-economic and political structure, historical and cultural potential and tourism infrastructure.

Before choosing a topic, I also knew little of the country. Only that it is an island - a saucer inhabited by the descendants of the Celts with its tragic history associated with wars over religions and territories. In order to learn the history of Ireland and all sorts of interesting factors, I used various sources from the Internet and travel magazines.

As it turned out, Ireland is a very quiet country. Life there flows in a calm and well-established channel. Everything is solid and accurate.

1 Natural conditions, geography.

1.1 Geographic location.

Ireland is a state that is located in the west of Europe and is located on most of the island of Ireland. In the north it borders with Northern Ireland, which is part of the UK. From the east, the country is washed by the Irish Sea, and from other sides by the Atlantic Ocean.

The length of the border with Great Britain is 360 km, the length of the coastline is 1,448 km. The total area of ​​the country is 70,284 km 2 (the land area is 68,890 km 2).

In the central part of the country there is a low plain. At its base lie limestones and red sandstones, overlain by thick glacial deposits (up to 60 m). The plain is surrounded by hills and low mountains: the Kerry Mountains - Carantwill Peak, 1,041 m) in the southwest, the Wicklow Mountains in the west, where karst is widely developed, the Donegal Mountains in the north, in the northeast there is a plateau (Antrim) and lowlands based tertiary outpourings of basalts. Ireland has a dense deep river network (the Shannon River is the main one) and abundant lakes (Loch Ree, Loch Derg, Loch Corrib). Main natural resources: natural gas, zinc, barytes, lead, oil, copper, gypsum, peat, silver. Arable land occupies 14% of the country's territory, meadows and pastures - 71%. Oak broad-leaved forests were exterminated already in the middle of the century and now occupy only about 1.5% of the country's territory, remaining only in a few areas, mostly mountainous. There are many artificial coniferous plantations. Relic subtropical plants grow in the southwest, for example, the strawberry tree.

The animal world is distinguished by comparative poverty, even by the complete absence of some animal species, for example, snakes. In the seas surrounding Ireland, there are herring, cod, mackerel, flounder, sardines.

1.2 Climate.

Ireland is often referred to as the "Emerald Isle". Meadows and groves turn green here all year round, thanks to the warm and humid climate. Heat and moisture are brought by cyclones passing over the warm North Atlantic current, which is washed by the western coast of Ireland. There are frequent drizzling rains and thick fogs. On average, up to 1,200 mm of precipitation falls per year. The most abundant are recorded in Sperina and Antrim, where the annual rainfall reaches 1,600 mm per year. In the East, closer to the coast, as well as to the southern and eastern shores of Lough Nea, the amount of precipitation does not exceed 800 mm per year. In general, Ireland is slightly cloudier than England. This is due to the hilly landscape and proximity to the Atlantic. Winter is warm, January temperature is from + 5 to + 8 ° С, snow rarely falls. Summer is cool, rainy, the average July temperature is +15.1°C. Spring is cold and long, and autumn is late and warm.

Average monthly temperature in Dublin

Table 1

1.3 Natural attractions.

An impressive natural landmark of Ireland - "Cliffs" - are sheer cliffs of almost two hundred meters in height on the Atlantic coast of the country.

In addition: Rock of Cashel - revered by the Irish as magical, it is surrounded by picturesque meadows, representing one of the best examples of the real Irish landscape.

Another interesting place is Connemara, rich in mountains and lakes that make an indelible impression. There are places where they still speak the old Irish language.

In the south of the island is the Barren, a vast, gloomy limestone plateau that occupies most of Clark County. Perhaps this plateau will soon become a National Park.

The cliffs of the Cliff of Moher are seven hundred meters high.

2 Socio-economic conditions and political structure.

2.1 Political structure.

The full name of the country is the Republic of Ireland. The political system is a parliamentary republic. The country consists of 26 counties. The capital is Dublin. Ireland gained independence on December 6, 1921 from Great Britain. National holiday - March 17 - St. Patrick's Day. Executive power belongs to the president (head of state) and the government headed by the prime minister. The bicameral parliament consists of the Senate (upper house) and the House of Representatives (Doyle) – the lower house. The most influential political parties are: Labor Party (LP), Fianna Foyle (FF - Soldiers of Fortune), Progressive Democrats (PPD), Finne Gael (FG - United Ireland), Democratic Left Party.

2.2 Industry.

Two sectors coexist in the country's economy - a large foreign, mainly technologically advanced industry (engineering, electronics, chemical industry), and a local one, covering traditional industries (food, forestry, textile, light industry).

Ireland's industry is mainly associated with the processing of local agricultural products. In the first place is the production of beer, porter, whiskey, dairy and meat products, tobacco, sugar, flour. The second is the textile and clothing industry (tweed fabric, wool, blankets). There are enterprises producing mineral fertilizers, assembling automobiles and tractors, producing building materials, and printing enterprises.

Ireland produces coal (more than 200 thousand tons per year) and peat (about 2 million tons per year).

2.3 Economy.

Ireland is an industrial-agrarian country. The dominant position in agricultural production is occupied by large livestock farmers.

The main branch of agriculture is animal husbandry - the breeding of cattle of the Irish breed.

Crop production largely serves the needs of animal husbandry. Agriculture plays a small role in the economy and does not provide the country's needs for grain.

Land use

table 2

Also, in Ireland they are engaged in fishing. From freshwater salmon, trout, eel are caught; from sea - herring, cod and mackerel.

2.4 Standard of living.

The standard of living depends on many factors: income level, family well-being, medical care, public freedoms, gender equality, climate and many others.

Ireland provides opportunities not only for sightseeing tourism, but also for agro- and ecotourism, and many opportunities for outdoor activities.

Ireland has many beautiful mansions and gardens open to the public. In order to make the right route, you should pay attention to:

The Heritage Services, Duchas- The Department of Arts and Cultural Heritage is responsible for the conservation of the island's nature and historical monuments, including prehistoric burial grounds or monasteries, medieval castles and national reserves. The list of this organization includes 65 monuments

Heritage Towns of Ireland— This organization unites cities and villages with valuable architectural monuments.

Houses, Castles and Gardens of Ireland— The association includes important architectural monuments.

Heritage Island— The consortium brings together monuments across Ireland - North and South.

National Trust- The trust was approved for the protection of the coast, the countryside. The trust list includes 600 miles of coast and more than 200 mansions and gardens. It is a charitable organization independent of the government, completely dependent on the donations of its members.

Northern Ireland Museum Council“It's a charitable organization sponsored by the Department of Culture. Supports museums in Northern Ireland.

Ireland has great fishing opportunities with a network of canals, lakes, rivers and coastal seas. Sea fishing is just as good as river fishing.

Other types of tourism in Ireland

Cruises

What could be better than a river cruise on the rivers and lakes of Ireland including Shannon, Barrow, Grand Canal, Erne? A cruise is a wonderful vacation for the whole family, for a friendly company or a couple in love. It does not matter that you have never sailed a yacht before, you will be taught on the spot, and you will go on an exciting voyage.

Cycling tourism

This is a very favorite sport of the Irish, many of them are famous athletes. A bicycle is a very good means of transportation if you appreciate the beauty of rural landscapes. You can always rent a bike from the operator or directly on the spot.

Horseback Riding

During the Middle Ages, according to Breton law, only noble people could ride a horse. Nowadays, more and more tourists are interested in horseback riding. Many programs include exciting rides on horseback.

horse racing

Horse racing is very popular in Ireland, with 25 races taking place annually across Ireland.

Celtic football. Rugby. Football

There are many sports competitions throughout Ireland.

Hiking

Ireland's landscapes make an ideal base for hiking.

Water tourism and sports

In Ireland, there are many types - rowing, sailing, kayaking. Surfing, windsurfing

Holidays and festivals

There are many fans of literature and music in Ireland, so cultural festivals are the favorite brainchild of the Irish. Plan your trip to Ireland to take part in the festival.