Istaravshan, Sogd region. Holidays in ura-tube, best prices for tours in ura-tube More details about the streets of Istaravshan on the map

Ura-Tyube Ura-Tyube

a city in Tajikistan, 45 km from the Khavast railway junction. 47.7 thousand inhabitants (1991). Cannery, knitting factory, etc. Artistic crafts (wood carving, embroidery, printed material). Museum of History and Local Lore. Known since the 15th century. Architectural monuments: Kok-Gumbez mosque (first half of the 16th century, rebuilt in the 17th century), the cult ensemble of Sari-Mazar (XVI-XIX centuries), etc.

URA-TYUBE, city in Tajikistan, Sughd region (cm. SOGDI REGION), 45 km from the Havast railway junction. Population 49.4 thousand people (2004). Cannery, knitting factory. Museum of History and Local Lore. Known since the 15th century. Architectural monument: Kok-Gumbez mosque (1st half of the 16th century, rebuilt in the 17th century), religious ensemble Sari-Mazar (16-19th centuries).

encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .

See what “Ura-Tube” is in other dictionaries:

Geographical encyclopedia

- (old Tajik name Istravshan), city, center of Ur, Tyubinsky district, Leninabad region, Tajik SSR. As Ura Tube has been known since the 15th century. Abd al Latif Mosque (Kok Gumbez; first half of the 16th century, in the middle of the 17th century rebuilt into... ... Art encyclopedia

City in Tajikistan, Leninabad region, 45 km from the railway. d. Havast. 47.7 thousand inhabitants (1991). Cannery, knitting factory, etc. Museum of Local History. Known since the 15th century. Architectural monument: Kok Gumbez mosque (1st half of the 16th century… Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Istaravshan Taj city. Istaravshan Country TajikistanTajikistan ... Wikipedia

City of regional subordination, center of Ur, Tyubinsky district, Leninabad region. Tajik SSR. Located in the north in the foothills of the Turkestan Range, on the Dushanbe – Tashkent highway, 45 km south of the railway. village of Khavast node, 73 km southwest from... ...

Ura-Tube- city, Leninabad region, Tajikistan. Settlement on the site of modern The city has existed since the 6th century, the name Ura Tyube has been known since the 15th century. Starting with military geogr. descriptions of 1880, the name is explained from the Turkic, ora pit, ditch and tepe hill, which is associated with ... ... Toponymic dictionary

Unregistered Khojent city, Samarkand region, on the mountain. Aksu River, at a height. about 3000 ft., at the north. soles extremity of the Turkestan Range, in the 70th century. to the southwest from Khujand: Zhit. 20837 (1897), mostly Tajiks and Uzbeks. The city is surrounded... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Viloyati Oroteppa Coat of Arms ... Wikipedia

Country USSR ... Wikipedia

- (Republic of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Tojikistan) Tajikistan. I. General information The Tajik ASSR was formed on October 14, 1924 as part of the Uzbek SSR; October 16, 1929 transformed into the Tajik SSR, December 5, 1929... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Not required
entry with a foreign passport

Moscow - Khujand
4 hours

Tajikistani somoni (TJS)
10 TJS = 65.97 RUR

2 hours to Moscow

Ura-Tube is the old name of the city of Istaravshan. Located in the foothills of the Turkestan Range. Climate: dry, temperate, sharply continental. The average temperature in summer is +26 degrees, in winter - –5 degrees.

Transport

The city's transport system is represented by buses, minibuses, and taxis.

Attractions

You can visit the ethnographic museum, where there are dozens of interesting exhibits. Excursions outside the city are also popular.

Entertainment

In addition to excursions, you can diversify your leisure time by visiting theaters, cinemas, art galleries, museums, clubs, and restaurants.

Hotels

Hotels in Istaravshan (Ura-Tube) are classified according to a standard “star” system. There are luxury and junior suite rooms, as well as inexpensive hostel-type hotel accommodation options.

Restaurants

In the city's restaurants you can order pilaf, cabbage rolls, puff pastries with fillings, horse meat soup, dumplings, manti, and oriental sweets. Popular drinks include fruit infusions, wines, black and green teas.

The shops

Local shops sell spices, tea, national-style clothing, dishes, souvenirs, jewelry and other goods. It is also worth looking for antiques and works of art (for example, paintings).

Ura-Tube (Istaravshan) is one of the oldest city-states in Central Asia. The city is located in the north of Tajikistan at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level, not far from Khojand, on the banks of the Aksu mountain river in the foothills of the Turkestan Range.

Istaravshan is a museum city, an ancient center of trade and crafts, one of the oldest cities in Central Asia. In 2002, Istaravshan turned 2,500 years old. Now the city is called Ura-Tube. The modern city is home to just over 50 thousand people.

According to Greek sources, later, in 329 BC, this point, called Cyropol, was taken by Alexander the Great. According to the notes of Sultan Baber, the city in ancient times was the main city of the country of Utrusan and bore the same name.

How Ura-Tyube (ora - pit, tepe - hill) has been known only since the 15th century (since the invasion of the Uzbeks), and on November 10, 2000, the government of Tajikistan decided to return the city to its historical name - Istaravshan ("istravshan" translated from ancient Persian means - bright Star). According to one of the legends about the origin of this city, it is said that Istaravshan stood (and still stands to this day) on a high mountain, and its lights, like bright stars, served as beacons for numerous caravans passing along the Great Silk Road.

According to historical data, the ancient city on this site was founded by the Persian king Cyrus in the 6th century BC. and received the name Kiropol. Cyrus fortified the existing settlement with three rows of walls and a citadel. The city became the extreme point of his great power in the Northeast. By the time of the conquest of Central Asia by Alexander the Great, Cyropol was a highly developed and well-fortified city. Its approaches were defended by 18 thousand people and the great commander had to resort to cunning in order to capture the impregnable fortress. However, the conquered city did not want to come to terms, and was destroyed by Alexander for regular unrest and conspiracies against the emperor.

But the city was slowly recovering by the 2nd century BC. the city grew and turned into a fairly strong state - Ustrushana, which occupied a vast territory. The capital of the state was the city of Bunjikat, which became the progenitor of modern Istaravshan.

In the II-VII centuries. BC. On the territory of Istaravshan there was a settlement called Mugteppa - the place of residence of the local aristocracy, who built numerous castles here with a unique, expressive architecture. This is evidenced by the discovered settlements of Bunjikat (Kala and Kah-Kah) and Chilhujra, which had well-fortified structures with palace and religious buildings, decorated with paintings and carved panels. In Bunjikat, in particular, a painting was discovered depicting a she-wolf feeding two babies - evidence of contacts between the West and the East. On Mug Hill, where the residence of the local ruler was located, but only a gate with a dome and columns on the sides has survived to this day.

During the years of Arab rule, Istaravshan became a province of the Arab Caliphate. At this time, Islamic architectural structures of portal-domed structures appeared - mosques, madrassas, mausoleums, minarets.

The rapid development of Istaravshan is associated with the reign of the first ethnic Tajik dynasty of the Samanids (IX-X centuries). In the 13th century, the city was destroyed by the Mongols and only in the 15th century, during the reign of the Timurids, the city flourished again and received a new name, Ura-Tyube.

In the 16th century, Maverannahr (and with it Ura-Tyube) lost its importance as a result of the formation of the new Sheibanid state with its capital in Bukhara.

In the 18th century, an independent feudal estate and Ura-Tube were formed here

is developing again. It was at this time that the citadel and walls of the fortress were strengthened, old structures were restored and new ones were erected, capable of withstanding the attacks of numerous nomadic tribes endlessly attacking the city. But by the 19th century, the fief was divided between the Bukhara and Kokand khanates.

On October 2, 1886, after an eight-day siege, the Ura-Tyube fortress fell under the onslaught of troops of the Russian tsarist army and Ura-Tyube became part of tsarist Russia.

In November 2000, the city of Ura-Tyube was renamed, the government of Tajikistan decided to return the city to its historical name - Istaravshan. Istaravshan translated from ancient Persian means a bright star. According to one of the legends about the origin of this city, it is said that Istaravshan stood (and still stands to this day) on a high mountain, and its lights, like bright stars, served as beacons for numerous caravans passing along the Great Silk Road.

Today's Istaravshan is an economically developed, modern city with a developed food and light industry. The fruit processing and wine industry, which is the most advanced in the country, has been created and is successfully developing here.

Residents of the city have been famous since ancient times as unsurpassed master craftsmen. Fabrics, shoes, dishes, knives decorated with carvings, as well as artistic embroidery were highly valued in Central Asia. So the modern city has long become a center of wholesale trade; it maintains close commercial ties not only with the states of Central Asia, but also the Middle East.

Ura-Tube is a kind of open-air museum. Today, more than 150 monuments of history, culture and art have been preserved on the territory of the ancient city and on its outskirts, as vivid evidence of the turbulent historical past of the beautiful city.
I would like to note the authentic architectural and historical treasures, such as the Mugteppa settlement, the Kakh-Kakha fortress, the mausoleum of Khazrati Shokh, Chorgumbaz, etc. Among the architectural monuments, the most famous are the Ak-Tepa Fire Temple (IV-VII centuries AD) , Kok-Gumbez Mosque (“Blue Dome”), built in the 16th century. Mausoleum of Bobo Tago (XVI century) , cult ensemble Sari-Mazar (XVI-XIX centuries), frame residential buildings of the 18th - early 20th centuries. with ornamental paintings are also of great historical interest. To the north of the city, the remains of the many-kilometer Kampyrduval embankment have been preserved, which in ancient times protected the city from raids by nomads.

Istaravshan Istaravshan is a city in the Sughd region of Tajikistan, in the foothills of the Turkestan Range near the city of Khujand and the Syrdarya River. Until November 10, 2000 it was called Ura-Tyube (Taj. Uroteppa). The climate is mild, winters are snowy, summers are not hot and dry. On October 2, 1866, the Uroteppa fortress was taken by Russian troops. Istaravshan is a museum city, an ancient center of trade and crafts, one of the oldest cities in Central Asia. In 2002, Istaravshan turned 2,500 years old. The city was founded in the 6th century BC by the Achaemenid king Cyrus, who fortified the settlement with three rows of walls and a citadel. In the II-VII centuries. BC. On the territory of Istaravshan there was the site of the ancient settlement of Mugteppa - the place of residence of the local aristocracy, who erected numerous castles here with a unique, expressive architecture. This is evidenced by the discovered settlements of Bunjikat (Kala and Kah-Kah) and Chilhujra, which had well-fortified structures with palace and religious buildings, decorated with paintings and carved panels. In Bunjikat, in particular, a painting was discovered depicting a she-wolf feeding two babies - evidence of contacts between the West and the East. On Mug Hill, where the residence of the local ruler was located, only a gate with a dome and columns on the sides has survived to this day. During the years of Arab rule, Istravshan became a province of the Arab Caliphate. At this time, Islamic architectural structures of portal-domed structures appeared - mosques, madrassas, mausoleums, minarets, etc. The rapid development of Istaravshan is associated with the reign of the first ethnic Tajik dynasty of the Samanids (IX-X centuries). In the 13th century, the city was destroyed by the Mongols. Istaravshan experienced its second period of prosperity in the 14th century, when the powerful Timurid empire was formed. Now the city is called Ura-Tube. In the 16th century, Maverannahr (and with it Ura-Tyube) lost its importance as a result of the formation of the new Sheibanid state with its capital in Bukhara. In the 18th century, Ura-Tube began to develop again. It was at this time that the citadel and walls of the fortress were strengthened, old structures were restored and new ones were erected, capable of withstanding the attacks of numerous nomadic tribes attacking the city. In 1886, Ura-Tube became part of Russia. A number of interesting historical and architectural monuments, evidence of the city’s vibrant historical past, have been preserved to this day in Istaravshan. Istaravshan (Uratyube) is one of the oldest cities in the world. It is over 2500 years old. It is located in the north of Tajikistan, in the foothills of the Turkestan Range. From the regional center - the city of Khujand, Istaravshan is located at a distance of 78 km. The city is located at an altitude of about 1000 meters above sea level. The climate is mild, winters are snowy, summers are cool and dry. The population of the district is 185 thousand people. Of these, 52.2 thousand live in the city, and 132.8 thousand live in rural areas. The territorial area of ​​Istaravshan is 183,009 hectares. In the north and west, the administrative region borders with Uzbekistan, in the east with the Ganchinsky district, in the southeast the border runs like a small wedge with the Kyrgyz Republic, and in the south with the Aininsky district of Tajikistan. According to written sources and some archaeological data, it is known that in the VI - IV centuries. BC, in connection with the development of crafts and trade in settled Central Asian regions, along with small rural settlements, large urban-type settlements arose. In addition to Samarkand, there were other cities in Central Asia of that period. One of them was the present Istaravshan, and in the past Kiropol (Kurushkada), named after the founder of the Persian state Kira-Kurush (529-559 BC). Kiropol owes its origin to the growth of craft production and trade. By the time Alexander the Great conquered Central Asia (IV century BC), Kurushkada was already large. well fortified city. In his defense at

Historical monuments of Istaravshan.

“Ura-Tyube, which constitutes one of the main strongholds of the emir’s power in Central Asia, has fallen... One can hope that the fall of this point, so important for Bukhara, will be of great importance not only in the form of strengthening our power in Central Asia, but also very beneficial in types of general pacification of the region"

General Romanovsky.

Istaravshan is one of the oldest cities in Tajikistan. In 1954, during archaeological excavations on the outskirts of the city, a large elongated triangular plate of black slate was found.
The plate dates back to the Mousterian period of the Old Stone Age and is about 100,000 years old. According to written sources and some archaeological data, it is known that in the VI - IV centuries. BC e. In connection with the development of crafts and trade in settled Central Asian regions, along with small rural settlements, large urban-type settlements arose.
The capital of Ustrushana was the largest city in the region - Bunjikat, which most researchers, based on major written sources and archaeological surveys, place in the area of ​​the current city of Istaravshan.
For the first time, the city called “Uroteppa” was mentioned by the historian Abdurazzak Samarkandi (1413 - 1482). His work “Matla al-sadayn wa majma al-bahrayn” (“The place of the rise of two lucky constellations and the confluence of two seas”) describes the events of 1409 - 1410. about the measures taken by Ulugbek to punish or appoint various persons for positions worthy of them, and also about the fact that the khan himself went to one of the Ura-Tyube summer camps (“Urateppa yayloki”).
At the end of the 15th century, the city was under the rule of the Timurid ruler Sultan Mahmudkhan. In his label, dated 1449, Ura-Tyube is called "Urotheppa". In the second half of the 18th century. The Ura-Tube possession strengthens and gains independence. It is headed by hakims from the Uzbek Yuz tribe. The possession, in addition to the city of Ura-Tyube, at that time included the cities of Penjikent, Khojent and Jizzakh, the fortified points of Zaamin, Yam and Hay.
According to legend, even one of the quarters of Tashkent paid tribute to the Ura-Tyube bek Kulik. The city-museum, an ancient center of trade, crafts and trades, one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, which turned 2,500 years old in 2002, is located 73 km from the city of Khojent.
In 1954, during archaeological excavations on the outskirts of the city, a large elongated triangular plate made of black dense slate was found. The plate dates back to the Mousterian period of the Old Stone Age and is one hundred thousand years old.
According to written sources and some archaeological data, it is known that in the VI - IV centuries. BC, in connection with the development of crafts and trade in settled Central Asian regions, along with small rural settlements, large urban-type settlements arose.
In addition to Samarkand, there were other cities in Central Asia of that period. One of them was the present Istaravshan, and in the past Kiropol (Kurushkada), named after the founder of the Persian state Kira-Kurush (529 - 559 BC).
Kiropol owes its origin to the growth of craft production and trade. By the time Alexander the Great conquered Central Asia (IV century BC), Kurushkada was already a large, well-fortified city.
18 thousand people took part in its defense. Residents of Kiropol put up fierce resistance to the troops of Alexander the Great. Then he brought many troops to the city. The invaders put into operation battering machines.
But they didn't help either. Only by cunning did the soldiers of Alexander the Great, a small detachment, manage to penetrate the dry river bed and open the gate. Residents of the city continued to bravely defend themselves, but due to lack of water they could not hold out for long.
It was here, near the walls of the city, that Alexander the Great was first wounded. Due to frequent uprisings, the city was destroyed by order of Alexander the Great. Later, the city was mentioned under different names in various sources.
One of them is Usturushana. It occupied the territory between the Gissar ridge in the south, the Hungry Steppe and the Syr Darya in the north. Ustrushana bordered in the west with Sogd, and in the east with the Fergana district of Aspara (now Isfara).
If this is transferred to the administrative map, then Ustrushana included the territory of the current districts of Istaravshan - Nov, J. Rasulovsky, Ganchinsky, Aininsky and Gornaya Matcha of the Sogd region of the Republic of Tajikistan, Khavast, Zaamin, Jizakh and Farish of the Samarkand region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the Lailak region Osh region of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan.
The capital of Ustrushana was the largest city in the region, Bunjikat, which most researchers, based on the combined data of written sources and archaeological surveys, place in the area of ​​​​the medieval and current city of Istaravshan.
At the end of the 15th century, the city was under the rule of the Timurid ruler Sultan Mahmudkhon. In his decree (label), dated 900 (1449), the city is called Uratyube. In the 40s - 50s of the 18th century, an independent Uratyubinsky feudal estate was formed here.
It included the cities of Khujand, Jizakh, Penjikent, the fortified points of Zamin, Yem, as well as settlements in the upper reaches of the Zarafshan River, Matcha and Falgar. In the 6th century BC. the city was fortified by three rows of walls, had a citadel surrounded by walls whose length was six thousand meters, and was famous for its crafts, skilled craftsmen and profitable trade deals.
Some scientists believe that in the 1st – 2nd centuries. BC. and I – II centuries. AD Istaravshan was known as Ustrushana and was part of the independent region of Ustrushana with the capital Bunjikat. It was an important commercial center, from here roads led to Khujand, Bukhara, Samarkand, and the Fergana Valley.
During the years of Arab rule, Istaravshan, which became a province of the Caliphate in 822, was widely known in the Muslim medieval East as a trade and cultural center.
New types of Islamic architectural structures (mosque, madrasah, mausoleum, minaret, etc.), based on the development of portal-dome structures, developed here.
In the 13th century, the progressive development of Istaravshan was interrupted by the invasion of Genghis Khan’s troops into Central Asia, they robbed and exterminated the local population, as a result of which many settlements turned into ruins, irrigation systems fell into disrepair, and cities were deserted.
At the end of the 14th century, when the powerful Timurid empire with its capital in Samarkand was gaining strength, and Maverannahr was experiencing unprecedented prosperity, historical reports about the city reappeared, but now it was called Ura-Tube.
For the first time, a city called Uroteppa was mentioned, writes the author of the book “The History of Ura-Tube” Ahror Mukhtorov, by the Tajik historian Abdurazzok Samarkandi (1413 – 1482).
His work “Matla-i Sadayn va Mozhma and Bahrayn” (“The place of the rise of two lucky constellations and the confluence of two seas”) describes the events of 812 AH. (1409 - 1410) about the measures taken by Ulugbek to punish or appoint various persons for positions worthy of them, as well as the fact that the khan himself went to one of the summer camps of Ura-Tyube (“Urateppa yayloki”).
At the end of the 15th century, the city was under the rule of the Timurid ruler Sultan Mahmudkhon. In his decree (label), dated 900 AH. (1449) Ura-tube is named "Urotheppa".
This name is mentioned both in the work of Muhammadi Soleh (1455 - 1535) and in Babur’s “Babur-nama”. This may mean that in the 15th century. the city and individual areas belonging to its territory bore this name.
Therefore, we can assume that the city of Ura-Tube has had its real name since the 14th century. The new name of the city became commonly used and the name Urtepa or Uroteppa became known far beyond its borders.
In the 16th century, Maverannahr (along with Ura-Tyube) lost its importance and prestige as a result of the formation of a new state ruled by the Sheibanid dynasty, with its capital in Bukhara. Transit trade from India became a monopoly of other countries.
In the 18th century, Ura-Tube was developed again. It was at this time that the citadel and walls of the fortress were strengthened, old fortifications were restored and new ones were erected, capable of withstanding the attacks of numerous nomadic Turkic-Mongol tribes that continuously attacked the city.
The city territory at that time occupied 527 hectares, on which there was an ancient citadel, mosques, madrassas, six baths, and many teahouses.
In 40 - 50 In the 18th century, an independent Uroteppinsky feudal estate was formed here. It included the cities of Khujand, Jizakh, Penjikent, the fortified points of Zaamin, Yem, as well as the upper reaches of the Zarafshan River, Matcha and Falgar.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Uroteppian possession lost a number of territories that were captured by the Bukhara and Kokand khanates. On October 2, 1866, the assault on the city of Uroteppa began.
On the occasion of the Victory, General Kryzhanovsky issued an order on October 3, which stated: “On October 2, the Bukhara fortress of Ura-Tyube, very important for us in all respects, after an eight-day siege, was taken by storm. The garrison defended itself stubbornly."
About the significance of the city of Urotepp, General Romanovsky, who commanded the troops during the assault on the city, wrote: “Ura-Tube, which constitutes one of the main strongholds of the emir’s power in Central Asia, fell...
One can hope that the fall of this point, so important for Bukhara, will be of great importance not only in the form of strengthening our power in Central Asia, but also very beneficial in terms of the general pacification of the region.”
The second half of the 19th century in the history of Urotepp is characterized by the establishment of royal power in Central Asia, radically different from the orders of previous periods of history.
On the other hand, this put an end to internecine feudal wars and the transfer of Uroteppian possession from hand to hand, and contributed to the development of agriculture, handicraft production and trade. However, the position of artisans differed little from that of peasants. Their earnings were barely enough to provide for their families and purchase raw materials.
After joining Russia, the previous borders of the Uroteppinsky possession were preserved. In 1887, the Uroteppinsky district became part of the newly formed Samarkand region.
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, Uroteppa remained one of the centers of crafts and trade, gardening and market gardening. According to information from 1878, 676 acres of land were occupied by orchards and vegetable gardens, and 792 acres of land were occupied by vineyards.
Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan Akhror Mukhtorov in his book “Essay on the history of the Ura-Tube possession in the 19th century.” provides interesting information about the first winery.
The tsarist authorities looked at the Uroteppi region, among other things, as a base for wine production. In 1985, a lot of grapes rotted here due to heavy and frequent rains. From 792 dessiatines, 84,897 poods were collected.
In the same year, the winery of E. S. Stepanov came into operation in Uroteppa, receiving 1800 buckets of wine per year. In 1882, one of the local bais built a brick factory in Uroteppa.
After the conquest of Central Asia by Russia in Uroteppa, according to information from 1871, there were 4 madrassas and 19 schools, where 477 students studied, mainly the sons of merchants, local administration officials and wealthy people.
In 1886, before joining Russia, Ura-Tube had 17 rulers (some of whom ruled for no more than a week). During this period, there were 50 raids on the city with robberies and theft of the population.
At the end of the 19th century in Ura-Tyube there were 68 mosques, 16 caravanserais, 5 oil mills, 7 mills, 7 baths and many markets: wheat, carrot, meat, melon, cattle, matting, wool, clover, selling cotton dresses, threads, cotton robes, fluff, knives, salt and tea.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Uratyubinsky possession lost a number of territories that were captured by the Bukhara and Kokand khanates. After joining Russia, the former territories of the Uratyubinsky possession were preserved.
In 1875, they began to build a telegraph line from Tashkent to Samarkand through Khojent, Uroteppa and Jizakh. In 1888, 17 boys attended the Russian-native school. A girls' school was also opened. The culture and way of life of people have changed.
In 1887, the Uratyubinsky district became part of the newly formed Samarkand region. A number of interesting historical and architectural monuments have been preserved to this day in Istravshan.
Another notable historical place of the city is the settlement on Mug Hill, where the residence of the local ruler was located. Unfortunately, only the gate with a dome and columns on the sides has survived to this day.
In 1898, in Uroteppa there was an emergency room, a pharmacy and a military hospital, where mainly Russian doctors and junior medical staff worked. According to some reports, as early as 1908 there was a public library in Uroteppa.
Thus, despite the strong resistance of the local feudal elite and the reactionary Muslim clergy, to the reactionary policy of tsarism, which delayed the economic and cultural development of its colony, under the influence of advanced, world culture, in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, great changes took place in all areas of life of Central Asian peoples.
The city became one of the populous, dynamic centers of the new state. Residential areas expanded and the urban area was improved. The population was supplied with water through ditches, underground pipes, and wells.
In order to meet the needs of local residents for water resources, recreational areas with ponds and closed water reservoirs were created in each quarter.