Goa maps. What is Goa and where is the state? The state of Goa was part of the colony of which country?

Goa, whose territory is only 3,702 km², is washed in the west by the warm and clear waters of the Arabian Sea, which predetermined its development as a resort. Geographically, this is a really small region: the length from north to south is 105 km, from west to east – approximately 65 km. Its northern neighbor is the state of Maharashtra, and to the south and east, as if hugging its little “brother,” the territory of the state of Karnataka adjoins. The coastline of the paradise resort is indented by river mouths, the largest of which are Mandovi, Chapora and Zuari. Most of the waterways originate in the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range).

The climate of the “Indian pearl” and the “island of love and freedom,” as Goa is often called, is typically subequatorial in nature, with sharply defined dry and wet seasons. From May to October, the region experiences hot, humid (73%) weather. May is also the hottest month: the air temperature warms up to its maximum of +33 °C. The monsoon period begins in June and ends in October. The resort becomes a little cooler, the thermometer shows from 25 to 30 degrees above zero. This same period of the year is characterized by the highest amount of precipitation. In July alone, 1000 mm of precipitation falls, which is almost one and a half times the annual level in Moscow.

The dry season in “Goa Dorada” (“Golden Goa”) – as the local population calls their small homeland – starts in mid-December and lasts until February inclusive. The average resort “winter” temperature fluctuates between +10...+15 °C, but the thermometer often rises to +31 during the day and +20 degrees at night. Precipitation during these months, if it occurs, is extremely rare.

Yoga class by the sea

History of Goa

Fans of the Indian epic “Mahabharata” probably know that one of the sources where Goa was mentioned for the first time is this epoch-making work. True, there it has a different name - Gomantak, which translated from Sanskrit means “fertile land”. But in the Sumerian chronicles, dating back to approximately 2200 BC, the future resort is listed under the name “Gubio”. In the 3rd century BC. e. its territory was part of the Mauryan Empire - a state in Ancient India that gained historical significance after the campaigns of Alexander the Great.

Rock paintings in Usgalimala, which are more than 20,000 years old

After the collapse of this huge power, what they would say now, a geopolitical battle for the possession of Goa began. In 1312 it passed to the Muslims, but six decades later they were supplanted by the Vyavinagar Empire. In the XIV-XV centuries, the territory was part of the Vijayanagara Empire, which occupied the entire south of India beyond the Krishna River. The harbors of the Goa ports at that time were used as sea gates, through which the Vijayanagara cavalry was replenished with first-class Arabian horses.

The unique natural landscape of this area could not help but attract the attention of the Portuguese, who arrived here in 1510. Portugal was interested in the trade routes along which spices from the East were supplied to Europe, and it sought to establish control over them. In addition, foreigners, being zealous Christians, sought to spread their faith to new lands. The symbiosis of these tasks led to the fact that in the same year the first Portuguese colony in India was founded by Duke Afonso d’Albuquerque, and Goa became this colony. In 1542, Catholic missionaries led by Saint Francis Xavier arrived here. As the new religion spread, temples and churches began to be built on this small piece of land, which have survived to this day - for example, the world famous Basilica of Jesus (Basilica of Bom Jesus) in Old Goa. Even today they never cease to amaze with their unique architecture.

Goa Market Square, 1583

Over time, Goa received great impetus for development. The Turks, who traded spices and monopolized trade routes in the Indian Ocean, were expelled from their “place of money.” The territory received the status of a viceroyalty within the Portuguese Empire. However, the distant metropolis was unable to control possessions in India. In 1787, an attempt was made to overthrow Portuguese rule. The event went down in history as the “Conspiracy in Goa”, or “Conspiracy of Dos Pintos” (translated as “Conspiracy of the Chickens”). The reason was the dissatisfaction of many military personnel, members of the clergy and indigenous people with discrimination on racial grounds in promotion. The conspiracy, however, was discovered, and its participants suffered severe punishment, many were hanged and quartered.

In addition, in the 17th century the struggle with the British, French and Dutch did not stop. As a result, already in the next century, Portuguese sovereignty over Goa was significantly weakened, and during the period when Europe was shaken by Napoleon's expansion, the colony was occupied by the British. True, for a short time.

At the end of the 19th century, the struggle for independence flared up with renewed vigor, but only the collapse of the Portuguese Empire in 1910 gave it a powerful impetus. Complete liberation from the colonialists brought about the armed invasion of India in 1961, known as Operation Vijay. It lasted 36 hours, during the fighting 30 Portuguese and 22 Indians were killed. The military action, which ended with the annexation of the former colony, caused a mixed reaction in the world. Portugal broke off diplomatic relations with India and was supported by the United States. The Soviet Union, on the contrary, sided with the latter, vetoing a UN Security Council resolution calling on that country to immediately cease fire and withdraw its troops. After the conflict, Goa received the status of a union territory, and in 1987 it was proclaimed a full Indian state. The language issue was also resolved: Konkani, widespread on the west coast (Konkan region), was recognized as the official language of the territory.

Beaches of Goa

If in the past Goa was rocked by political and military battles, today peace and tranquility reign in this paradise, and the life of a popular resort is concentrated in the coastal area. Legends can be made about the local beaches, among which there is not a single private one (all are run by the state). The shore here is basically sandy, the depth gradually increases when entering the sea - one can only dream of such comfort! The water, of course, cannot be called crystal clear, but it is at the complete disposal of vacationers: local fish do not swim here. And although the sand is not sifted, the garbage is regularly removed: you can meet girls with baskets in their hands doing this activity.

Well, now about the beaches themselves. It’s impossible to talk about them all, so let’s focus on some of the most famous ones.

Let's start with the most picturesque Om beach in Goa. Its name is in no way connected with the name of the outstanding German physicist of the 19th century, as someone might have thought. It goes back to the sound "Om", which, according to Hindu beliefs, marked the beginning of the Universe. Since the narrow strip of beach, bordered by lush tropical forest, is shaped like the spelling of this sound, this vacation spot was named that way. We'll immediately disappoint surfing fans: you won't be able to ride the waves due to the shallowness of the water. To dive even up to your shoulders, you will have to walk along the rocky bottom for a long time. But the ocean temperature here is comfortable, and the black rocks, contrasting with the white sand, look great against the background of the water surface and tropical thickets. There are several small restaurants scattered along the beach; their menus and prices will pleasantly surprise you. Some of them even have free Wi-Fi.

One of the most famous beaches in Goa is Palolem. It is located in the south of the state, 67 km from Dabolim International Airport. In many guidebooks, Palolem beach is described as the most heavenly place in Goa. However, as you know, everyone has their own paradise. In addition to foreign tourists vacationing in Goa, many Indians come here from neighboring states. Palolem is as popular among locals as the Sochi resorts in Russia. Therefore, if you are looking for peace and quiet, then this is definitely not the place for you. The coastline of Palolem is about two kilometers. This beach is cleaned and tidied up daily, which is why it ranks 1st in the “Best Beaches in South Goa” ranking for cleanliness. Palolem is located in a bay, and therefore there are no big waves here. Reviews from tourists repeatedly mention the bright colors of Palolem. This is emphasized by the houses painted in festive, cheerful colors. Palolem is a place for all sorts of parties and is great for young people, fun is guaranteed here!

Lovers of a quiet, relaxing holiday prefer Arossim beach with its deserted shore, fine white sand and emerald-colored sea. There are three shacks at the disposal of vacationers - this is what small and quite decent shacks selling food and drinks are called in Goa. In one of them - Venus - the staff is Russian-speaking. Here you won’t find annoying merchants or idly walking cows and dogs, but you will see another local “attraction” – crows clinging to tourists. The main attraction (without quotes) on Arossima is the Church of St. Thomas the Apostle. Activities on the beach include fishing and sea walks on a boat, jet ski and water skiing. How much will the rent cost? You can find out about this from local residents.

Arossim Beach

Vainiginim beach is rightly called a paradise. Located in South Goa, at the mouth of the Zauri River, it is also suitable for lovers of a quiet and measured holiday. The length of the beach is only 200 meters, the sand is an unusual bright yellow color, and the sea water pleases the eye with a bright turquoise hue. The only sad thing is that it is not entirely clean - this is even recorded on satellite photographs. There are often strong currents here, and in order not to get caught in a whirlpool, you need to be extremely careful. While sunbathing, you can use the sun loungers of the local five-star hotel - the only one on the beach. For entertainment, scooter rentals are available.

Now let's move to Betalbatim - a small village in the southern part of the resort, surrounded by pine trees and with a beautiful 600-meter beach. The sand on the coast is light in color and fine, with almost no debris on it. The entrance to the water is quite flat, and this is a real gift for those who are bad swimmers or come on vacation with children. On Betalbatim beach, if you come for a long time, you can enroll in a diving school. Among other entertainments, we highlight boat rentals, a trip on which promises encounters with friendly dolphins. The sunsets are very beautiful: you want to watch and watch nature, languidly changing into twilight “clothes.”

On the northern coast of Goa, one of the most famous is Kerim Beach, where you will also be provided with a quiet and relaxing holiday. The only sounds that can be distinguished from the background sound are the sound of the surf and the cries of sea gulls, but all this does not count if a tourist dreams of escaping from a large crowd of vacationers and merging with nature. The beach is quite large, it stretches for two kilometers in length and reaches 20 meters in width. One thing is depressing: here and there, heaps of branches are piled up on the territory, which the local authorities do not seem to care about. And one more thing: remember that the beach is secluded, the waves here are almost always high, so it’s better not to fall under them - there will be no one to save you. On this piece of land untouched by civilization, there are no sun loungers, no water equipment rentals, not to mention souvenir shops.

On Bogmalo beach, in the south of Goa, there is an excellent sandy shore surrounded by palm trees. Vacationers have all the necessary infrastructure at their disposal, including cafes, bars, restaurants (the menu includes not only local, but also European dishes) and the first diving school in India. Beach equipment includes sun loungers and umbrellas. When walking along the sand, vacationers are often accompanied by cows. The waves along the entire 600-meter coastline are relatively large, so you need to climb them with extreme caution. If an emergency situation does arise, rescuers will immediately rush to help, who, by the way, do not recommend swimming very far. Schools of dolphins come to the beach every now and then, usually in the afternoon, and wait for the favorite treat from the hands of tourists - ice cream.

Sights of Goa

Goa, this unique corner on the map of India with a rich history and ethnocultural diversity, is gradually ceasing to be associated only with beaches. You can spend your time here not only sunbathing and sea bathing, but also getting food for your mind and heart. Local attractions offer such an opportunity to inquisitive foreigners, which is why this state is also called the “Big Book of Wisdom.”

Let's begin our acquaintance with the historical and cultural heritage of the resort with the impregnable fortress of Aguada (not to be confused with the municipality of the same name in Puerto Rico on the west coast of the Atlantic). It was built of red stone in 1612 during the time of the Portuguese. The fort is located on the edge of Candolim Beach and is one of the largest defense structures. It consists of two parts. Fresh water was stored in the upper one, which gave the name to the entire structure, and the lower one served as the coastal defense of Old Goa, the former capital of the Portuguese colony. The fortification capabilities of the fortress are still in demand today: part of the premises is used as a prison. According to rumors, foreigners are serving sentences there for using or distributing drugs.

Just 60 km from Panaji is one of the largest waterfalls in the entire country - Dudhsagar. The tropical forest, untouched by civilization, complements its magical water extravaganza; moreover, it harmoniously merges with it, creating a unique landscape that will not leave anyone indifferent. When is the best time to visit the waterfall? Experienced tourists advise: from November to February. The fact is that in the spring it is very hot and high humidity, and in the summer the path to the attraction can be cut off by the river, which floods after heavy rainfall.

Along the rocks of the Western Ghats, not far from Old Goa, the Arvalem waterfall rushes from a 50-meter height. The sound of its streams, forming a lake below, can be clearly heard several kilometers away. Not far from the waterfall is the Sri Rudreshwar temple, which is reached by a stone staircase. Having visited this place, you cannot ignore the man-made caves of Arvalem. They were hollowed out by wandering Buddhists and used as housing. It is believed that the caves appeared around the 5th-6th centuries. They consist of five tunnels connecting into a large common room the size of two hockey fields. The Sanskrit inscriptions that survive on the walls are approximately eight centuries old.

Have you heard about Bandla Wildlife Sanctuary, the smallest in Goa? If not, then it’s time to find out about it, and when you arrive at the resort, be sure to visit. Its territory is only 8 km², which in no way detracts from the leisure opportunities available here, including family ones. This place is truly one of the most popular among tourists, because it helps to get away from the sun and sea and plunge into a completely different reality. First of all, this applies to children. Your children will definitely remember a walk through the zoo, a visit to the playroom, a ride on a mini steam locomotive, and even - but only with their parents! - on a real elephant. A botanical garden with rare beautiful trees and other vegetation is also available to adults and children.

One of the hallmarks of Goa, its highlight, is the spice plantations, the aroma of which will never be forgotten. You will see vanilla, cardamom, cloves and other fragrant herbs, so to speak, “live”, because a large number of such herbal “gardens” are scattered throughout the state. Gourmets will experience special pleasure when, in local establishments, they taste dishes generously seasoned with brightly colored spice powder. In Goa, excursions to these plantations are popular, which are sold directly at impromptu street travel agencies. The program of your stay also includes an elephant ride, a delicious lunch and, of course, belly dancing performed by charming Indian dancers. The most famous plantations in the resort: Sahakari Spice Farms, Savoi Plantation, Pascoal, Tropical Spice Plantation. Most of them are located within a few kilometers from Ponda town. By the way, excursions to the plantations include a visit to the already mentioned Dudhsagar waterfall.

Among the most popular routes among tourists is St. Catherine's Cathedral in Old Goa, the largest Christian building not only in India - in all of Asia. Visitors appreciate its architecture, style and interior decoration. There is everything that should be in a full-fledged temple: an altar, a font and, of course, bells. In the cathedral, according to legend, there is kept... a “growing cross” - a unique shrine, there is no other like it anywhere else. According to legend, he appeared in one of the chapels back in the 17th century thanks to a local shepherd. At the moment of making the cross, Jesus Christ himself appeared to him. What the Messiah and the mere mortal were talking about is unknown. But when after this the cross was placed in the chapel, it began to grow and became the size of the crucifix on Calvary. They say its growth continues today.

Let's complete our brief acquaintance with the sights of Goa at the Cotigao nature reserve, which is located in the south of the state, some 12 km from Palolem beach, one of the most beautiful in the resort. Anyone who sets foot here can feel like a real Mowgli, because the main beauty of the reserve is the multi-story jungle. You won’t meet the graceful Bagheera, the wise Akela or the bloodthirsty Shere Khan here, but you will be in good company with the playful monkeys that live here in abundance. The natural park is located 60 km south of the capital Goa, on the banks of the Talpona River. Deep in the forest, there are two 25-meter observation towers that are the main attractions of Cotigao. They offer stunning views of the watering hole of wild animals that come here early in the morning and late in the evening. Take a closer look, maybe among them there will be Kipling’s four-legged heroes from his “The Jungle Book”?

What to bring as a souvenir

Discovering the amazing harmony of Goa, getting to know the natural wealth, history, architecture and traditions of the former Portuguese colony will be incomplete if you do not find time for shopping. A visit to local retail outlets can be more than exciting. The selection of goods for various purposes here is huge, and it would be a sin not to take advantage of it.

State supermarkets in Goa have fixed prices, which cannot be said about other stores. In addition, most products are usually displayed without price tags. This is explained by the so-called double prices: for the local population they are one, for tourists they are different, an order of magnitude higher. Don’t be shy about bargaining, do it confidently, with a smile on your face, and in just a couple of minutes of “negotiations” with the seller you can get a discount of at least 20%. If you are very lucky, you will be able to buy the selected product 2-3 times cheaper than the initial cost.

Separately, it should be said about the local markets, which literally filled the small state. They look like twins, and the range offered is largely aimed at tourists. What is there: beach and household equipment, exotic fruits and local souvenirs, represented by various amulets, figurines and, of course, elephants in all possible designs (except, of course, live specimens). The most popular souvenir market in Goa is perhaps Anjuna, which got its name after the surrounding village. The market, which runs on Sundays, immediately attracts attention with its colorful stalls, their counters literally sag with an abundance of goods - fabrics and ready-made clothes, jewelry and handicrafts. Of course, the selection of spices and fruits is also rich. Shopping in Anjuna is invariably accompanied by fire shows and ethnic drum music, which is somewhat reminiscent of the carnival in Rio, but in the Indian way.

Another place favorable for shopping in Goa is Arambol, a village in the very north of the resort coast, located in a picturesque bay. It is very popular among our compatriots, who note that the prices here are very low, ranging from exotic fruits to Ayurvedic preparations.

So, what should you bring as a souvenir from your trip to Goa? Indian ceramics are in demand: souvenir mugs, clay toys, luxurious dishes with a diameter of a meter, elaborately designed ashtrays, lamps, bowls and much more. Local ceramic products are distinguished by their unusually bright and rich colors. Buyers especially like the blue indigo painting - this color is perceived as the calling card of India. Where to buy quality ceramics? In markets or in the network of special stores “Goa Handigrafts”.

Local retail outlets stock a wide selection of leather goods. Lovely ladies can please themselves with an elegant handbag or original shoes, and the stronger sex can treat themselves with a leather wallet, a case for glasses or... a water bottle made of camel skin, called “Kopi”. Tourists who don't count money buy... leather saddles. Yes, not simple ones, but souvenir ones: they are trimmed with precious metal, painted and have a geometric pattern.

Local carpets are considered the most practical and at the same time classic souvenirs from India. There are a huge number of manufacturing techniques, so we won’t dwell on them. It is enough to list the names: akhri, gabba, namda, douri. Name any of them, and the seller will immediately demonstrate the corresponding sample. The purpose of carpet products also differs in variety. Russians and Europeans most often buy wall hangings that stand out with their ornate designs and can be hung at home. But tourists, for example, from Islamic countries will definitely want to purchase special prayer mats.

In Indian films, which our mothers and grandmothers love, the heroes often flaunt various jewelry. The situation in life is the same: this large country is one of the five world leaders in the production of jewelry, and Goa does not lag behind the rest of India. The pride of the popular resort is rightly called first-class pearls, from which local craftsmen make original women's bracelets and bangles worn on the wrist or ankle. Prices vary, directly depending on the purity of the metal and the quality of work, but you can still find an inexpensive silver or gold item - for example, a beautiful ring. Most importantly, don’t forget to bargain and don’t let your guard down. Unscrupulous sellers often overestimate the purity of gold and try to substitute artificial analogues instead of natural precious stones. If the price is quickly reduced to you, this should alert you: jewelry anywhere in the world, even in India, cannot be sold for next to nothing.

And, of course, not a single tourist will leave Goa without local gifts of nature - environmentally friendly products that have become the hallmark of not only this region, but the entire country. The taste of local tropical fruits - oranges, passion fruit, mango, star fruit, guava, bananas - will remain in your memory forever! Yes, we almost forgot about Indian tea, known throughout the world. Traditional black and green varieties, as well as Assam and Darjeeling varieties, are in great demand. The latter belongs to the elite, it is even compared to champagne, thereby emphasizing the golden hue of the infusion and its exquisite delicate aroma. Gourmets also buy “exotic” red tea, which is cultivated far from Goa, in the Nilgiri district in the south of the country.

Entertainment in Goa

Beach holidays, sightseeing and wellness treatments right in the hotels - this is not a complete list of what a tourist can do in this paradise resort. Travelers who love gambling can try their luck at the numerous casinos in Goa, which immerse their visitors in a world around the clock where their secret dream of a big win can come true.

Fans of active sports will not be left out either: the local coast of the Arabian Sea, famous for its coral reefs, is ideally suited for diving, during which exotic tropical fish will keep the divers company. According to some reports, about 600 wrecked ships lie at the bottom of the sea off the coast of Goa, including not only ancient galleons and merchant ships, but also military ships from the Second World War. Seeing this underwater “cemetery” is a real find that every diver dreams of.

Whenever you come to Goa, you will definitely find yourself at some national holiday of India, which anyone can take part in. In winter, for example, the country celebrates Republic Day and the Feast of the Three Kings. Celebrations in honor of the goddess Shantadurga Prasanna take place in the village of Fatorpe in a very exciting way: night processions are organized, their scope and splendor are simply amazing. In the spring, Hindus celebrate the birthday of the god Rama and the festival of “walking on fire” - Igitun Chalna, dedicated to the goddess Lairayu. During it, participants literally walk on fire - on hot coals. Summer holidays are also dedicated to various saints, including Christian ones, for example, John the Baptist and St. Anthony. There are also many holidays in autumn, and the most famous of them is Govardhan Puja, dedicated to the most revered animal in India - the cow.

Buses run between cities and villages. Also within the state, auto-rickshaws and pedicabs are in demand both among the local population and among tourists. In the major cities of the state - Panaji, Margao, Vasco da Gama, Old Goa, Mapusa, Ponda - there are intracity routes.

There are three types of taxis at the resort: auto-rickshaws (they are also called tuk-tuks), motorcycle taxis (they will take you around on a motorcycle or moped) and regular cars. It is easy to recognize official taxis by their yellow license plates - they are under the jurisdiction of the state Department of Transportation. Sometimes private taxi drivers pretend to be state-owned carriers (the latter’s services are cheaper), and then, having lured them in and set off, they demand additional payment from the unfortunate passengers.

Sunset at Agonda Beach

Mobile communications and Internet

To buy a SIM card from a local mobile operator, you need to go through some bureaucratic formalities. You will be required to take a color photograph and photocopies, on two different A4 sheets, of the first page of your passport and visa. You will then fill out a form and leave your personal signature in four different places.

You can call from Goa to Russia from an ordinary telephone booth with the inscription STD. A minute of conversation will cost 8 Indian rupees, the fee can be paid, for example, at the hotel. A call home from a SIM card from a Russian operator or from a hotel will cost more, from 40 to 120 INR.

Wireless access to the World Wide Web is possible in an Internet cafe, but the pleasure is not free; you will have to pay from 40 to 80 rupees per hour. Good Wi-Fi coverage is available in four and five star hotels and some restaurants. Purchasing a SIM card for Internet access involves the same formalities as a telephone one. If you are planning a long-term stay in Goa, you can buy a modem from one of the telephone companies: MTS, Idea, Airtel or Vodafone, the cost is 2 thousand rupees. A monthly fee of 900 INR gives you a month of unlimited Internet access.

Hotels and accommodation

There are many hotels in Goa, so it will not be difficult for tourists to find accommodation options that suit their tastes and budget. Note that the “star” classification of hotels in India has not really taken root, so the pointers in various catalogs to the number of “stars” reflect the personal impressions of the compilers.

Hotels in both parts of Goa are noticeably different. There are a lot of hotels in the north, both expensive and quite budget. There are much more of the latter and they are not located in the beach area, but at some distance, a 5-30 minute walk. Many hotels offer a roundtrip transfer service to the beach, free of charge. Hotels that meet the 5* level offer their clients the services of traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) and SPA treatments. It is believed that in the south of the state, whose hallmark is wide beaches and luxurious palm groves, there are more mainly expensive hotels suitable for family holidays. This is where the luxury hotels are located, which have become the face of the entire resort: Caravela Beach Resort Beleza By The Beach

Many tourists, mostly young people, prefer to go on an independent holiday like “savages” in Goa. They do not want to stay in ordinary hotels, preferring a room in an inexpensive mini-hotel (guesthouse), rent apartments or even entire houses. This option is also suitable for travelers on a limited budget. Wealthier foreigners, who also do not like hotels, choose to stay in separate villas.

How to get there

Direct flights from Moscow to Goa are operated by Aeroflot and Transaero. During the high season, which lasts from November to March at the resort, both carriers fly almost daily. Aeroflot operates flights from Sheremetyevo (except Tuesdays), Transaero operates from Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo (except Mondays). A non-stop flight from the Russian capital takes from 7 to 9 hours. Tickets can be purchased at Aviasales, the cost there and back varies between 30-100 thousand rubles. The only international airport in the state is Dabolim, it is located in the area of ​​the village of the same name, 4 km from the city of Vasco da Gama, and consists of two terminals.

Many domestic tourists prefer to travel to Goa by rail. First they fly to Mumbai (formerly Bombay) and board a train there. Travel time is approximately 9-13 hours. This option is attractive, first of all, for its relative cheapness. You can go to the resort directly from Delhi, but you will have to spend twice as much time on the train - 30 hours. The closest stations to the tourist areas are Madgaon, Tivim and Karmali, so it is best to go to them. When purchasing a ticket, be sure to check whether the train stops at the station you choose.

Panaji, or Panjim, as its residents prefer to call their hometown, is a colorful mix of cultures and faiths. This third largest city in the state of Goa is its capital.

The first mention of Panaji dates back to 1107. In the 15th century, the Arab ruler of Bijapur, Yusuf Adil Shah, chose a strategically important area at the mouth of the Mandovi River for the construction of a fortified palace-fortress.

History brought to posterity the name of the ruler - Viceroy Manuel of Portugal, under whom the customs port of Panaji turned into the capital city of Nova Goa.

Panaji became the capital of Goa three times. The first time this happened was in 1843, when the port of Old Goa finally ceased to be a port (it was covered with silt) and all capital powers passed to Nova Goa. Then in 1961, after the end of the dictatorship of the Portuguese metropolis and the inclusion of Daman and Diu in India as the capital of the union territory of Goa. And finally, since 1987, the city has become the capital of the Indian state of Goa.

In terms of population (100 thousand people in the city and suburbs), Panaji is only the third city in the state, and in terms of beauty, one of the most unique and beautiful capitals of the Indian states. Over the years of independence, the city, which has retained its European layout, has acquired a peculiar oriental shade of its appearance.

It is the administrative, cultural and scientific center of the state, with major transport hubs located nearby: the seaport, Dabolim airport, and the railway station in Margao.

Description of Panaji

The first impression of Panaji is that of a typical Portuguese town, which surprisingly combines narrow medieval streets, bell towers of Catholic cathedrals and wide avenues with the cozy comfort of small cafes in cobbled squares. Under the red tiled roofs of one of the oldest quarters of the city of Fontaines, the descendants of the first Portuguese settlers still live compactly.

“Where is India?” you ask and you will be absolutely right. As a result of centuries-old colonial expansion, not much remained of India, but, nevertheless, it was possible to preserve this part of the historical heritage of Panaji.

The name of the city itself has Sanskrit roots and, according to one version, consists of the words “panjani” - boat and “khali” - stream. According to other versions, the name of the city is translated as “non-flooded land” or “land without floods”. The local flavor is conveyed by such names as Chudamani Island - “wonderful jewel”, Kumbarjua Channel, Vainguinim Beach, Mahalakshmi Sanctuary. And, of course, the entire history of Panaji - Indian, Arab and Portuguese - is carefully preserved in the Goa State Museum.

Despite its small size, the city has a lot to see. In addition, the unique nature and picturesque reserves, wonderful surrounding beaches and architectural monuments will interest almost all categories of vacationers.

Nature of the city and its immediate surroundings

The terrain where the city is located is mostly flat, sometimes turning hilly. Lush exotic vegetation grows in abundance both in the city itself and in its surroundings. In the immediate vicinity of Panaji there are magnificent nature reserves with rich local flora and fauna. And, of course, the beaches adjacent to the city are especially popular.

The most attractive places to visit are:

• Chorao Island, anciently called Chudamani, on the southwest coast of which is the youngest Goan bird sanctuary, named after the Indian ornithologist Dr. Salim Ali. A huge number of migratory and exotic birds live in the unique mangroves and bay ponds; the swamps are inhabited by mudskipper fish and crocodiles.
• Kumbarjua Canal connecting the rivers Mandovi and Zuari. The waters of the canal flow slowly between mangrove jungles and provide an excellent habitat for freshwater crocodiles.

The beaches of the city, in addition to clean sand and constantly developing infrastructure, often have their own special history and legends associated with them.

• Wainguinim Beach, or Kurlavangni, was developed by the Jesuits back in the 16th century. A chapel was built here in the name of the Blessed Virgin Mary, around which orchards and flower plantations grew. The seashore was decorated with lush exotic vegetation brought by missionaries from different parts of the world, and the surrounding area was inhabited by numerous species of animals and birds. The ban on the order's activities led to the decline of missionary buildings and plantings. The territory of Vainguinima entered the next round of development in the 80s, after the construction of the fashionable hotel Cidade de Goa.
• Miramar Beach, the most popular of the holiday areas in Goa. Silvery sand and magnificent views of the expanse of water and the fortifications of the Aguada fortress help to understand the meaning of the Portuguese word Miramar, literally translated - contemplation of the sea.
• Legend of the name Dona Paula beach has many options, all of which are of a love-tragic nature. According to one version, the wife of the Governor General drowned the beautiful maid of honor Dona Paula de Menezes, who did not forgive her for her relationship with her husband. According to another version, the same Dona Paula, in the status of the daughter of the governor general, threw herself into the sea, since her father did not allow her to marry an unknown local fisherman. In any case, an unsettled spirit likes to cause trouble for swimming and diving enthusiasts.

Sights of Panaji

The history of the city is eventful and very diverse; it is practically packed with attractions for every taste and income.

Church Square and City Garden

The Church Square and the City Garden are famous, respectively, for the Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary (16th-17th centuries) and the garden named after the 17th century Portuguese doctor Garcia da Horta. The history of the temple began with a modest chapel in honor of the Virgin Mary; the temple acquired a snow-white baroque façade in 1619, and a bell tower with a multi-span staircase appeared in 1871. The center of the square is decorated with a column with the capital of the ancient Indian ruler Ashoka - a symbol of Indian statehood, which replaced the statue of Admiral Vasco (Vasco) da Gama.

Goa State Museum

The Goa State Museum is famous for its rich exhibition, which includes: evidence of rock paintings of Khajur and Usgalimal, works of Hindu sculpture of the 4th-7th centuries (deity figurines), objects of worship of Hindu and Jain sanctuaries, memorial stones of devli or sati (in memory of the self-immolation of devoted wives) , as well as later traces of colonial culture - the table of the Goan inquisitors, smuggled coins.

Palace Hidalgo

Hidalgo Palace, originally the residence of Sultan Yusuf Adil Shah of Bijapur, was rebuilt by the colonialists in the early 17th century. Without thinking twice, a typical example of Muslim architecture was turned into a Europeanized building with a tiled roof. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the former Sultan's palace served as the official residence of the Viceroy of the Portuguese colony. Not far from the building there is another landmark of the city - the monument to Abbot Faria. Born in 1756, the priest took part in the French Revolution, was a student of Mesmer, and coined the term “mesmerization.” His classic work “The Case of Sleep with Preservation of Consciousness” gave reason to consider him the prototype of Abbot Faria in Dumas’s famous essay on the Count of Monte Cristo.

A typical example of 19th-century Portuguese civil architecture is the Instituto Menezes Braganza (formerly the Vasco da Gama Institute) with the Goa Central Library located within it.

Casinos on ships

Goa is the only state in India where gambling is legal and mostly casinos are located on ships. This happened due to the fact that initially federal law prohibited gambling on Indian soil, but some cunning people circumvented this law by opening a casino “on the water.”

Other equally interesting places in Panaji

Pavilion at Azad Maidan with a statue of Dr. Tristao de Braganza Cunha, a fighter for the independence of the state.

The neoclassical Portuguese district of Fontaines with the Chapel of St. Sebastian with an incredibly realistic crucifixion of the Savior.

The complex of buildings on the Altinho hill begins with the Hindu temple of Mahalakshmi - the deity of luck and the main object of worship for the residents of the capital. The marble deity was hidden from persecution by Christian missionaries for a long time, and only at the beginning of the 19th century was it placed in a new sanctuary. Next, Avenue Pe Angelo leads to the residence of the state prime minister, located next to the archbishop's palace. If you continue to climb, you can get to another Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Maruti.

No less interesting to explore are the areas of San Tome, Kampal, the Jami Masshid Mosque, and the Mamay Kamat house.

In the vicinity of Panaji, the most interesting and attractive places to visit are Cape Kabu with the Franciscan monastery, turned into a fortress, and later into the summer palace of the Portuguese rulers. Nowadays it is the official residence of the state governor - Raj Bhavan.

The village of Goa Velha with its beautiful churches in its surroundings also attracts attention.

Climate and weather

The most comfortable period of stay at the Panaji resort is from October to March. At this time, dry and warm weather sets in here (+22-28°C), and the sea is cleared of the effects of the monsoon season. The monsoon period occurs from July to September and is characterized by high humidity combined with equally high air temperatures. Staying in Goa during this period is aggravated by heavy rainfall and hurricane winds.

Where to stay

By Indian standards, prices in Panaji hotels are quite high. The upward trend is especially evident in the high season - from December to February. It is worth noting that the budget housing option in the city clearly leaves much to be desired. Inexpensive, economical premises can be found on 31st January Road.

The most romantic of the economical options are the so-called hats - huts made of palm leaves with a bed and a fan. The price for them can vary from 5 to 40 dollars.

3-star hotels are considered good Ginger Goa, 4 star Country Inn and 5 star Goa Marriot Resort And Vivanta by Taj Panaji. Room rates in the latter usually start from $150.

Entertainment and relaxation

The best entertainment in the high season, of course, is the beaches with a fairly developed infrastructure and the sea itself. The most popular are Miramar, Dona Paula and Bambolim. Fans of active recreation can go rafting in the Dandeli Nature Reserve.

Fans of cultural recreation will enjoy visiting the sights of the city and its environs, as well as the Goa Science Center and the modern cinema INOX.

Every year in February, Panaji holds a festive procession called Carnival of Celebrations. At this time, you can enjoy the view of the lavishly decorated streets and take part in folk festivities. The beautiful and exciting five-day March festivals of Shigmo in Goa are a kind of Hindu Maslenitsa. Picturesque parades symbolize farewell to winter. And the most interesting event is the Festival of Colors, or, which actually represents the prevention of spring acute respiratory infections and as such involves showering each other with colored powders of various medicinal plants.

In conclusion

Despite the fact that Panaji is considered a calm and safe city, it is better to adhere to the rule of “God is safe” and vigilantly monitor your cash and personal belongings.

The same applies to medical care. Here the motto should be “I carry (carry) everything I have with me.” From the same opera - mandatory repellents, antihistamines and mosquito nets.

You shouldn’t experiment too much with food; it’s better to stick to your usual cuisine and occasionally allow yourself to eat local delicacies.

And one more thing - bargain! Everywhere and always! India is the East. The East is a bazaar and bargaining is very appropriate here.

These are old Hindu and Portuguese temples, these are the bright colors of the night market and an incredible palette of tastes in a plate of seafood generously seasoned with curry...

Goa is a state of delight, where whole families come “for the winter” or, having simply visited once, return again and again.

Weather

Goa is a year-round resort; the air temperature here does not drop below +20 °C. There are three main seasons: summer, winter and monsoon (rainy season). Munsun begins in June and lasts until September, winter (tourist) lasts from late October to early April, summer - from May to September.

The best time to travel to Goa is in the months from October to March. The air temperature at this time ranges from +21 to +32 °C. At this time there is no stuffiness and sweltering heat, which begins in April.

Hotels

There are many hotels in Goa of various categories - from luxury hotel complexes with a huge territory to small hostels with a single proud star. “Stars” are very arbitrary and very different from European ones. In Goa, as in Thailand, most tourists stay in two- or three-star hotels.

Hotel Features

Expensive hotels with a large territory and a high level of service	A huge range of hotels - from small hostels to luxury boutique hotels. Prices for accommodation below, than in .
Most built on the first line(no closer than 250 m from the beach)	Most of the hotels are built across the road from the beach.
The hotels are located at a distance from the villages, all infrastructure is inside hotels.	Excellent infrastructure– there are restaurants, shops, markets near the hotels.
The hotel beaches are wide (there are fenced areas), the areas are cleaned, there are almost no locals.	The beaches are public, sunbeds and umbrellas are paid, many are local.
Entertainment outside the hotel almost not.	Many about discos, night bars, entertainment for every taste.

Resorts

The state of Goa is divided into three parts - Northern, Central and. They differ greatly from each other in the level of service and range of entertainment. is considered a respectable resort where wealthy Europeans relax; chosen by budget travelers and creative youth; Central Goa combines the properties of other parts of the state and is a major transport hub: there is an airport, railway station, port, and bus stations.

North Goa

A large spacious beach, many nightclubs and bars, and an interesting flea market.

The beach is spacious and there are several bars. In the evenings there are parties. The holiday is suitable for noisy companies and active youth. Located furthest from the airport.

Distance from the sea is 1.5 km. Many expensive comfortable hotels. Suitable for tourists with children.

A wide beach with volcanic sand, separated from the village by a river. A relatively quiet resort, suitable for families with children.

The oldest resort in all of Goa. Suitable for any type of holiday. The beach is wide, a river flows nearby.

Popular with creative youth. Known for its late-night parties. There are several beaches with rocky shores.

The most famous beach in all of Goa and the most popular resort. Wide range of hotels

Quiet resort with expensive hotels. The beach is sandy, wide, and the Portuguese fort of Aguada stands right on it. Located closest to the airport.

Located between two rivers. Accommodation for tourists is mainly in bungalows.

Calm resort with good infrastructure. Popular with Russian tourists.

A small quiet village with budget hotels and a clean beach.

Small village near the airport. Very clean beaches with white sand, mid-price hotels.

Large resort with spacious beaches and a good selection of hotels. Quiet place, suitable for relaxation.

A secluded village with a very good level of hotel service. The spacious, clean beach is suitable for families with children.

A popular resort with good infrastructure and budget hotels.

Popular resort. Suitable for holidays with small children. Located closest to the airport.

A resort with good infrastructure and expensive hotels. Surrounded on three sides by water.

One of the most beautiful beaches in all of Goa. Located furthest from the airport. One of the most expensive resorts.

Small village with a beautiful beach. Very quiet resort, suitable for privacy lovers

Attractions

Tourists usually begin their acquaintance with Goa at Dabolim Airport in the city of Vasco da Gama. The city is named after the famous navigator. The Portuguese heritage is well preserved in this Indian state and tourists will always find something to see.

Both have their own set of attractions. Excursion routes are organized to all attractions; they are easily accessible from any corner of Goa.

For example, in Old Goa(city in) beautiful cathedrals, ruins of churches and narrow streets have been preserved. In Panaji, the capital of Goa, you should definitely wander through the old Fontainhas district and see the architectural complex of Largo da Igreja. The Portuguese forts of Aguada and Alorna are also at the top of the list of Goa attractions. The Aguada fortress is located on the outskirts of Candolim beach - after sunbathing and swimming, you can look at this ancient stronghold.

On Wednesdays and Fridays in Goa there are grandiose markets. On Friday you need to go to Mapusa to bargain and buy colorful items of clothing, souvenirs, painted plates, spices, incense and a lot of what your heart desires. There is a flea market in Anjuna - it opens every Wednesday early in the morning and bustles until sunset.

The largest Christian temple in Asia is the cathedral St. Catherine's Cathedral (Old Goa). The relics of the Baptist of Asia, Saint Francis, can be seen in the Basilica of Jesus, one of the most famous churches not only in Goa but in the whole of India.

The most popular excursions in Goa are in Savoy spice garden and to the waterfalls. Spice plantations are not only interesting, but also very educational, and also delicious, because every tourist is sure to be fed dishes generously seasoned with curry and aromatic herbs. There are a lot of spice plantations in Goa; Savoy is located 23 km from the state capital of Panaji. Dudhsagar Falls Throws down streams of water from a height of more than 300 meters! It is also called the “milk ocean” - for the white color of the water. The waterfall is located in the eastern part of Goa and can be reached in a few hours by bus.

In the Cotigao Nature Reserve you can wander through a multi-story jungle. The reserve is located 12 km from the beach in.

There are many centers in Goa Ayurveda, where you can create your own healing program with medicinal herbs, massage and drugs based on natural ingredients.

Transport

Most tourists rent bike and travel around the outskirts of the state. To rent, you will need to leave a deposit in foreign currency (from 60 to 200 dollars). A driver's license is rarely required. Traffic in Goa, as throughout India, is chaotic, so we recommend brushing up on your driving skills in advance and being extremely careful on the roads. There are almost no gas stations in Goa; gasoline can be bought secondhand at roadside stalls and shops (sold in regular water bottles).

Those who do not risk riding a bike in India use the services Taxi. Taxis are quite expensive, all areas are divided between taxi drivers. Almost no one has meters.

Another option for moving between Goa resorts is bus. This service is very developed in India; buses go to even the most remote villages. Travel there is very cheap (from 5 to 40 rupees), and locals enjoy using it. The fee depends on the distance of the trip. The buses are old, they have no air conditioning, and the windows are protected by bars (from monkeys).

There is no direct connection between the resorts of Goa; you need to go with a transfer at a bus station (in Mapusa, Panaji or Margao). The buses do not have numbers; the route is written in the local language, but conductors and drivers loudly announce the direction at the stops. By the way, there are no stops in the usual sense; the bus stops anywhere on demand. Bus intervals are on average once every 15 minutes.

A trip on an Indian bus is like an attraction - a bright old bus rushes through the jungle to Indian music, the conductor jokes with the passengers, women in bright saris laugh...

Goa bus stations

Souvenirs

Most of the souvenirs that tourists bring from their trips to Goa are ethnic. People often buy saris (national Indian women's clothing) and bloomers (loose pants), textiles (bed linen, bedspreads, towels), jewelry with gems, incense sticks, and henna. Spices, toothpaste with red pepper, and natural cosmetics from the Hymalaya brand would be a good souvenir. Sandalwood and ebony deity figurines start at $3.

Popular dishes include lamb stewed in milk with curry, meatballs in spicy yogurt, and chicken in orange sauce with herbs. famous for its abundance of vegetarian dishes, such as rice cakes and curried lentil dumplings (dosa and samba). Vegetables are served with curry and rice.

Seafood and fish are incredibly popular in Goa. The fish is fried over a fire, baked in dough, stewed in yogurt with curry... Try mailai - shrimp with the same curry and coconut. Dhai - curdled milk with spices - is a great refreshing drink in the heat. Alcohol is sold freely in Goa; local moonshine called “feni” is made here - this is fermented coconut and cashew juice.

Good to know

• All tourists fly to Dabolim Airport. The flight from Moscow takes approximately 7.5 hours.
• Goa time is 2.5 hours ahead of Moscow.
• The Indian dialect Konkani, Portuguese and English are spoken in Goa.
• Sockets in Goa are no different from Russian ones.
• The currency in Goa, as elsewhere in India, is the rupee. There are 100 paise in one rupee. In August 2017, the exchange rate of the rupee and the ruble was approximately the same: for 1 ruble they gave 1 rupee and 6 paise.
• From India to Russia, no more than 3 liters of alcohol per person over 18 years of age can be exported duty-free, up to 5 liters - with payment of a duty.
• Wash vegetables and fruits purchased at markets thoroughly. Drink only bottled water.

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Goa is the main resort of the country, as is often the case, completely different from the rest of India. The coastline here stretches for 110 km, forming 40 beautiful beaches. The state is divided into Northern and Southern parts, the border between which is Fort Aguada.

According to legend, the first European to set foot on the soil of Goa - the Portuguese Afonso Albuquerque - wanted to exclaim “Wow!”, but choked on port wine - he was so amazed by the view. The colonialists immediately made Old Goa the capital of Portuguese India, recognizing that the buildings they discovered were superior in beauty to all the temples of the previously subjugated East. By that time, the history of India had already spanned more than 4 thousand years. The small Indian state was under the yoke of Europeans for more than 400 years - until the mid-20th century, but it did not lose its identity, and it is difficult now to imagine a freer land.

People go to Goa mainly for beach holidays and Ayurveda - all diseases of the “big city” are quickly cured here by local massage therapists and other healers. Goa's excursion program is not rich; local attractions include the Dudhsagar waterfall, the village of Hampi with a bunch of ancient ruins, and popular outdoor activities include boat trips and fishing.

Hotels and guesthouses located in South Goa are considered expensive, and not only by Indian standards. They are popular among wealthy Europeans and wealthy Indians. The complete opposite is North Goa, relatively inexpensive, noisy and democratic - in the 60s. This place was chosen by hippies and stayed there. Today, the numerous villages of North Goa are inhabited mainly by partygoers from America and Europe, thanks to whom these regions have become famous throughout the world.

How to get to Goa

Goa became a tourist destination not so long ago, about 50 years ago, when hippies began to arrive on the coast along circuitous routes - by land and sea. In the mid-1960s. Dabolim Airport, the state's only air hub, opened its doors to international travelers. Since then, the Dabolim terminal annually receives about 200 thousand tourists from Europe and Russia. Travel time from Moscow is 7-9 hours, ticket prices start from 325 USD round trip.

Search flights to Goa

By train or bus

Some tourists travel to Goa by train. To do this, you need to fly to Mumbai and take a train to Goa there. This option is attractive because of its low cost - tickets to Mumbai are usually significantly cheaper than directly to Dabolim, even taking into account the cost of a train ticket. The train takes 9-13 hours, before buying a ticket, check if there is a stop at the station you need. There are also trains from Delhi to Goa, but you will have to spend about 30 hours on the road, and the savings are quite dubious.

Resorts of South Goa

• Dona Paula, Bogmalo, Colva, Benaulim, Palolem, Cavelossim, Mobor, Majorda.

What to try

Some tourists are cautious about Indian food, fearing the abundance of spices. However, Goan cuisine is as Europeanized as possible and least spicy compared to the rest of the country, so you can safely try it. However, while vacationing in Goa, it is really worth taking some precautions: drink water only from a bottle and do not buy food from street vendors.

Seafood is a kind of calling card of local cuisine. Crabs, shrimp, lobsters, clams, octopus, sharks, squid, lobsters, etc. Grilled or oven-baked, in coconut milk or semolina crust - the fish menu of even a small restaurant is usually quite varied. But people here don’t like to cook meat, especially beef, and in some places they don’t even know how to cook it, since the cow is a sacred animal for Hindus.

Pay attention to the Indian version of pilaf - “biryani”. The dish is prepared from rice and meat, chicken or seafood and is quite hot in taste due to the abundance of spices. When placing an order, do not forget to emphasize “note of spice.”

Another interesting local dish is “siesler”: a side dish and meat (or fish) are fried on foil or a frying pan and placed on cabbage leaves. The whole secret of the original taste is in the signature sauce, which each chef has his own.

Flatbreads in Goa are prepared so masterfully that they are often served as a main dish. Paratha flatbreads are baked with ghee and sour cream, and then served with spicy vegetables and spices. Garlic or cheese naan (other flatbreads), in turn, are inimitable when paired with tomato soup.

Many Indians adhere to the laws of Ayurveda - the “science of life”, according to which it is enough just to eat right to stay young and healthy for a long time.

Paneer tikka, a dish of traditional cheese rolled in spices and grilled, is also popular among tourists. Paneer can be prepared in dozens of other ways; this cheese is healthy and very popular in India.

Bean or lentil soup “dal” is also valued by tourists for its aroma and unique taste. This vegetarian dish, flavored with herbs and spices, is a daily food for most Hindus.

Most Indians are vegetarians; in some restaurants and cafes (especially for locals) there are no meat dishes at all, and local chefs have no equal in the art of preparing vegetables. Try sabji, a mixed vegetable flavored with spices.

Local desserts may seem too sweet, but they are definitely worth a try. Burfi, a milk fudge that may contain berries, coconut, nuts, saffron, rose water and other ingredients, has a very delicate taste.

Cafes and restaurants in Goa

There are cafes and restaurants at every turn in Goa - they love and know how to cook delicious food here. Shekis are especially popular among tourists - tiny shacks that line the beaches during the tourist season. These are local fast food restaurants - there is not much choice of dishes, but everything is cheap and tasty.

Shek food can be ordered directly to the beach lounger, and the prices in such establishments are very affordable - soup costs about 120-150 INR, shrimp - from 400 INR, cooked shark will cost 700-800 INR. For drinks - juices and smoothies (very tasty, by the way) - you will pay about 100-120 INR. It may seem that cooking conditions in Shek are quite unsanitary, but complaints about stomach problems are rare here. Each owner of the outlet values ​​​​his reputation, and rumors about stale shrimp and dirty plates spread along the coast very quickly.

Restaurants in Goa delight with variety: they serve literally everything - from Indian curries to bloody schnitzels. However, it is better to give preference to local cuisine; local chefs do it best, although there are also quite a lot of Italians with pizzerias here.

The average bill in a regular Goan restaurant is 1200-1600 INR; a dinner with alcohol for two will cost from 2000 INR.

Best photos of Goa

Entertainment and attractions

Old Goa

The city of Old Goa, built by the Portuguese colonialists in the early 16th century, is one of the most visited places in the state. First of all, it is famous for its architecture - over the centuries, Europeans built majestic cathedrals here, which are now included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Particular attention of tourists and pilgrims is attracted by St. Catherine's Cathedral - the largest Catholic church in India and one of the largest in Asia. Here is the chapel of the Miraculous “growing” Cross, which was carved by a local shepherd in the 17th century. According to legend, the Savior appeared to the shepherd on this crucifix, after which the monks decided to erect a chapel around the cross. And it miraculously increased during construction to the size of the Calvary cross. They say the relic grows to this day, heals the sick and grants wishes.

The Goa Archaeological Museum is part of the complex of St. Catherine's Cathedral; it is located in the Church of St. Francis of Assisi. Each of the museum's galleries is dedicated to a different historical period of the state. The museum exhibits both artifacts from prehistoric times, as well as objects from the Middle Ages and modern times.

The Basilica of the Merciful Jesus (Bon Jesus) in Old Goa is also a center of Catholic pilgrimage, as the relics of the Spanish missionary Francis Xavier are kept here. During the three years he spent in southern India, the preacher built about 40 temples, and after his death he was canonized and received the status of patron of Goa.

The current Church of St. Cajetan is considered one of the most beautiful and memorable temples of Old Goa. The building has been restored, so the appearance of the temple is truly impressive. In it you will see a wooden platform covering an old well. According to some historians, this well is the only thing that remains of an ancient Hindu temple that once existed on this site.

Fortress buildings

As you know, Goa was under the influence of European expansion for a long time; Portugal recognized Indian sovereignty over the state only at the end of the last century. In an effort to strengthen their positions, the colonialists built many forts in Goa. Today these are dilapidated fortress walls, but the views offered to tourists are exciting. It is strange to see silent military cities and cannons entangled in vines next to serene beaches.

The impregnable Aguada Fortress, located on the outskirts of Candolim Beach, is considered one of the best preserved fortifications in Goa. The fort was built in the early 17th century and served as a bastion against the Germans and British. The most significant building in the fortress is an impressively sized lighthouse, which is no longer operational today.

Chapora Fort was built by the Portuguese in 1612; it has been in ruins since the late 19th century. You can climb to the fortress, which stands on a hill, from Vagator beach. Essentially, these are just the remains of walls - sand and stones, but the fortifications offer stunning views of the ocean. There is a tradition among tourists to spend the last evening of their stay in Goa here.

Korjum Fort, built by the Portuguese in 1705, is located a few kilometers from the Aldona settlement. It is in good condition - the loopholes are best preserved, a sign with a coat of arms is visible above the main entrance, and very close by is the Catholic altar, to which flowers and candles are still carried. Guides tell tourists about a girl named Ursula Lancastre, who was so eager to serve at the fort that she dressed up as a man. After exposure, she managed to remain unpunished and even remained in the fortress, marrying the captain.

One of the most beautiful fortresses, Yashwantgad (Redi Fort) is located on the border of the states of Goa and Maharashtra, not far from Paradise Beach. The fort resembles an enchanted castle - powerful banyan trees and fancy flowers emerge from the loopholes, and the fortifications are permeated with vines. The pristine beauty of the nearby beach and absolute silence only enhance the overall impression of an ancient fairy tale.

Reserves

The largest protected area in Goa is Bhagwan Mahavir. The sanctuary occupies an area of ​​240 km² on the border with the state of Karnataka on the slopes of the Western Ghats. "Bhagwan Mahavir" is inhabited by elephants, tigers, bears, leopards, porcupines, as well as a huge number of birds, reptiles and insects. The famous Dudhsagar Falls and the Mahadeva Temple, built in the 13th century, are located on its territory. This is the oldest surviving temple in the state; in February-March, Mahashivratri, the “great night of Shiva,” is celebrated here on a grand scale. Those who do not sleep during the holiday are promised material prosperity and a place in heaven in the sacred books.

The small but very popular Bandla Nature Reserve can be reached by taking a bus from Panaji and Margao. Its area is only 8 square meters. km, but there is something to see there. During your walk you will meet elephants, peacocks, wild boars and huge squirrels, but dangerous predators - leopards and panthers - live in fenced areas. To see them, you need to be patient.

In the Cotigao Nature Reserve, 12 km from Palolem, there are no dangerous cats, but colorful tropical birds and insects live. The area of ​​86 km² has good trails and two observation towers. Due to the proximity of rivers, the vegetation here is so lush that sunlight has difficulty penetrating through the thickets where hyenas, porcupines and bears roam.

Not far from the city of Valpoi there is a large reserve "Mhadei Wildlife" - the residence of Bengal tigers, it is also known as the "tiger corridor". This predator is considered the national animal of India. But finding it in its natural habitat is not so easy; more often than not, their appearance in Mhadei is recorded by cameras, not by people. From time to time, local authorities question the permanent residence of tigers in the reserve.

The Salima Ali Bird Sanctuary, located near Panaji on Chorao Island, is home to about four hundred species of birds. The Kingfisher Kingfisher is often found here. This little bird is a unique symbol of Goa; it even became the logo of a popular Indian beer. This fact misleads tourists; some are even sure that this bird bears the name of beer, and not vice versa.

Storks, ducks and herons also rest in the swamps of the reserve. Visitors can meet otters, jackals, crocodiles and even flying foxes.

On the Mhadei River there is one of the most beautiful sights of Goa - the Dudhsagar waterfall, whose waters fall from a height of 310 m.

The waterfall is most active during the rainy season, but getting there during this period is almost impossible.

India remains the world leader in spice production. Chili, cardamom, saffron, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, mustard, turmeric, asafoetida, etc. are grown here. On numerous plantations you can not only see how all these spices grow, but also be treated to a well-seasoned lunch, as well as receive individual advice Ayurvedic doctor about the benefits of specific herbs.

10 things to do in Goa

1. Go to an Ayurvedic doctor and get cured of any disease without taking pills.
2. Do yoga on the beach and realize that chakras are not a myth.
3. Find the head of Shiva on Vagator beach, take a photo with it and show off to the less fortunate.
4. Go to a Vedic astrologer and finally understand your purpose.
5. Get a temporary henna tattoo - mehendi - just before departure to surprise your family with a fancy pattern.
6. Go to the market in Arpora, learn how to bargain and buy a bunch of clothes for three times cheaper.
7. Order grilled shark for dinner at a ridiculous price, and then try all the Goan seafood.
8. Visit an elephant show, watch them play football, climb on one of them and let yourself be doused with water from their trunk.
9. Dance until the morning at a trance party.
10. Pet the local cow, if it’s not scary, and thus receive absolution.

Trans parties

Goa is the birthplace of the trance music genre of the same name (it’s for the sake of mega-parties that crowds of people from all over the globe flock here), and a blessed place where people for marijuana are first threatened with life imprisonment, and then they wag their fingers and are released for ten bucks.

There are official places where you can safely come after midnight and dance wildly until the morning (for example, Hill Top, where admission is free for “whites”). And there are mysterious semi-legal “parties” about which until the last moment nothing is known: where exactly they will take place and whether they will take place at all. It all depends on whether the organizers are able to reach an agreement with local authorities. But literally a quarter of an hour after receiving permission, any local child will know the exact place and time of the disco, not to mention taxi drivers and sari sellers.

Popular excursions in Goa

The following excursions are especially popular among tourists: “The Gold of Vasco da Gama”, a cruise on the “pirate” schooner “Visiting the Banderlogs”, an excursion to Mumbai, a two-day jeep excursion to the abandoned city of Hampi and “Explore Goa!” - an excursion for respectable white tourists through the crazy night Goa of hippies and ravers.

The state's most famous natural attraction, Dudhsagar Falls, is also in demand, as is the Spices and Crocodiles tour to the Savoy Spice Garden and a boat ride along the Kumbarhua Canal in search of these cute animals. Extreme lovers will enjoy the excursion “The Jungle Book - 1” (one-day excursion into the mountain jungle, rafting on the river on bamboo rafts, lunch, elephant rides), as well as “The Jungle Book - 2” (a two-day excursion combining the program “The Jungle Book - 1” with a walk to a waterfall, yoga lessons and accommodation in clay huts).

Goa for children

The warm sea and sandy beaches make Goa an excellent place for families with children; the main thing is to choose a clean area with developed infrastructure. In this regard, the resorts of the southern coast can be called more suitable - the northern states are much more crowded than in the south.

However, sun, sea and sand are not the guarantee of an interesting holiday. Goa has plenty of entertainment for children, including very young ones. Little ones will love a visit to the Butterfly Park at Pond. A great attraction for older kids is a walk to the dolphin habitats. School-age children will also be delighted by the local nature reserves, where rare animals and strange birds can be found. And a trip to an ancient dilapidated fortress, such as Fort Aguada, can be a real adventure for any “Jack Sparrow”.

Holidays in Goa attract with its gentle sea, beautiful beaches, green landscapes, and friendly attitude of the population. Although Goa is the smallest state in India, its tourism infrastructure is well developed.

Whatever city or beach you choose for your holiday, you will be surrounded by a cozy atmosphere, interesting entertainment, and delicious food. Many tourists who visited here for the first time strive to come here again. What is so attractive about this resort?

What is Goa like?

This small state is roughly divided into two parts. The South is a territory for elite recreation, with luxury hotels, restaurants, and private closed beaches. The northern part offers a holiday that is still good value for money. There are many secluded islands along the coastline, which are chosen by couples in love or newlyweds.

Just a few years ago there were very few Aboriginal people here; the bulk of the population was the service staff of hotels and entertainment complexes and, of course, visiting tourists. It seemed that this was a European country, so large was the percentage of visitors here. However, in recent years the situation has been changing; Indians have begun to come here often.

Where to relax in Goa

If you prefer a first-class secluded holiday and have good income, choose the Southern part. Palolem will greet you with a clear sea and a secluded beach. And if you want to be in the heart of tourist Goa, move to Colva.

Those who want to enjoy original cuisine and try dishes made from freshly caught fish should choose Benalium, located near the fishing village.

The north of the state is more suitable for people of average income; you can also have a wonderful holiday here, but for a much smaller amount than in South Goa. Arambol beach is distinguished by its pristine natural beauty and clean beaches. For those who are going on holiday with the whole family, with children, Mandrem beach is suitable.

There are no steep descents into the sea, the sandy beach is soft and pleasant, and there are not many annoying street vendors. Ashvem Beach will greet you with tranquility and privacy. Here you can visit one of the many restaurants and try local cuisine.

For those who like to relax in the company of compatriots, we can recommend Morjim Beach. The bulk of the local population are immigrants from the CIS countries. Well, older people should like Candolim, which is distinguished by its cleanliness, comfort, and silence.

Entertainment in Goa

Of course, all tourists come here primarily for a beach holiday. But, besides the golden sands and azure sea, Goa can surprise you with other natural beauties. You can go on an excursion to the Pandava Caves, listen to the fascinating and mysterious legends that surround their history.

The old districts are rich in architectural and historical attractions that will be of interest to lovers of architectural masterpieces. You can visit temples and monuments that are distinguished by their original, beautiful design.

Well, for those who love active recreation, the city of Bogmalo offers all the conditions for diving and water sports.

Kitchen

When going on vacation to an exotic country, any tourist is interested in national cuisine. After all, it is part of any culture. You can be sure that you will love Goan cuisine. This is a unique combination of European traditions, so you will find a menu quite acceptable for a European, but with special oriental notes.

Be sure to try one of the fish dishes offered by the restaurants; all the fish is caught here, so all the products are fresh. Curry, which is added everywhere, adds a piquant flavor to the dishes. You can try local cuttlefish, shrimp and mussels.

Among meat dishes, a special place is occupied by shakuti - fried chicken masala with pepper, coconut and anise.

In any city in this state you can try the local alcoholic drink - feni. The drink, prepared from coconut palm and cash tree, can only be found here.

In general, Goa is the place where most Indian longstayers live, those who live in India for a long time. They live here from September to May, then Mansun begins - the rainy season, everyone leaves either closer to the mountains or to other countries to extend their visa. If you want to get an idea of ​​what life is like for people from the CIS in Goa, watch the film “Motherland”, in my opinion, it gives an idea, but again, this is about those who come here for a long time.

Previously there was an article about Morocco, read it, in the same way, a holiday in Goa is always a lot of impressions and positive emotions, regardless of which part of it you plan to go to. You will definitely want to repeat the trip - your vacation will be so unforgettable!