Population of the city of Berlin. Open left menu Berlin

Berlin is a modern metropolis, economic and Cultural Center EU, city of contrasts. It is dynamic and multifaceted. The collections of the city's galleries and museums are beyond praise. Berlin clubs organize the most fashionable parties, where new movements, styles, and subcultures are born. And shopping in Berlin is excellent, all products are of high quality at reasonable prices.

Berlin, photo: Tobias Nordhausen

Berlin is the capital of the medieval Margraviate of Brandenburg, the Kingdom of Prussia, the powerful German Empire, the socialist GDR and modern united Germany. The second metropolis of the European Union in terms of population, a multinational city that marks the victory of humanity over fascism. Berlin is the heart of Brandenburg; historical, cultural, scientific, industrial and economic center of world significance. It is called the "City of Bridges". There are more of them built here than in Venice - about 1,700 large and small engineering structures.

5 things to do in Berlin

1. Take the Reichstag and look at Berlin from its dome.
2. Take a selfie against the background of the Berlin Wall with the legendary kiss of Brezhnev and Honecker.
3. Eat the most delicious döner kebab (shawarma) for lunch and drink beer.
4. See the bust of the Egyptian queen Nefertiti in the Pergamon Museum.
5. Stay up all night and dance in the club.

When is the best time to go to Berlin?

Berlin is located in the eastern part of the country - where the Spree and Havel currents merge. The modern districts are built on the moraine hills of Teltow and Barnim; the historical center is located in the lowland between two hills.

The climate here is temperate: average between maritime and continental. Summer is warm, about +20°C. Winter is moderately cold, on average +1– +2°C, but frosts down to -25°C also occur. The rainy months are June-July, the driest is March.

Berlin Guide

Sights of Berlin

Brandenburg Gate, photo by Raoni

The historical Gate of Peace (Brandenburger Tor) is a recognizable emblem of Berlin and Germany, a symbol of the reunification of the divided territories of the country. The memorial complex, founded in 1789 on behalf of Frederick William II, is considered an example of Berlin classicism. The architecture of the gate follows the exterior of the Propylaea on the Parthenon. Above six monumental columns, paired with a carved ceiling and a relief attic, rises the Victoria quadriga. Initially, a figure of the goddess of peace Irene carrying an olive branch was installed there. During reconstruction in the 19th century, after the victory over the French, the sculptor Friedrich Schinkel changed the statue. The Goddess of Victory with the Iron Cross in her hands was installed in the chariot. The height of the Brandenburg Gate is 26 m, the total length of the building is 66 meters.

Reichstag

Reichstag (Reichstagsgebäude), photo by Andy

From the northern part, the gate is adjacent to the Reichstag, the main attraction of the city, which is known all over the world. (Reichstagsgebäude) is a majestic building, a symbol of the past war and Victory over the horrors of Nazism. It was built in 1884–1933. according to the project of P. Volot. The building served for parliamentary meetings. The dome in the center of the building symbolized the greatness of Kaiser Wilhelm II. The monumental towers at the corners of the complex were dedicated to the four kingdoms: Bavaria, Prussia, Württemberg, and Saxony. The grandiose Renaissance-style building was burned down by unknown persons in 1933 (Berlin communists were blamed for the arson). The Reichstag was restored, but was no longer used for government purposes. In 1945, the allied armies stormed the building and it was again destroyed to ruins. After the construction of the Berlin Wall, the Reichstag remained on the side of West Germany. Major reconstruction was carried out twice: in 1961–64 and in 1992–95. The new building under a huge glass dome retains the features of the High Renaissance. Today, the Reichstag towers house government offices and meeting rooms. An observation deck is equipped in the under-dome space.

Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer), photo rysberlin

The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) is a historical monument, a symbol of “ cold war"and many tragedies in the lives of ordinary Germans. The former dividing line with the status of a border, almost 45 km long, passing through the capital's neighborhoods. The wall was a solid concrete barrier 3.6 m high, reinforced with a ditch, a signal complex, spikes, and three hundred border towers. More than 1,300 people died at various times while trying to cross the Wall without authorization. Most of the Berliner Mauer was demolished in 1989, but a 4-hectare memorial with a central monument and a 1.3 km section of the fence remained, gradually turned into a spontaneous art object. Today it reminds us of a difficult period in modern German history.

Checkpoint Charlie

Checkpoint Charlie, photo fam_dax

Checkpoint Charlie is a famous Berlin site, a former military checkpoint between two parts of the city, a symbol of the confrontation between two controlled sectors - Soviet and US. The checkpoint stands in the middle of Friedrichstrasse, and two light stands with portraits of soldiers - an American and a Russian - rise above it. This installation was created by artist Frank Thiel. The Checkpoint Charlie complex includes expositions of political and military history, photo exhibition, Berlin Wall Museum.

Victory Column

Victory Column (Siegessäule), photo juergenberlin

Chocolate House

Chocolate house Fassbender&Rausch, photo A_and_K

A unique, largest chocolate house in the world has been opened in Berlin - the Schokoladenhaus Fassbender&Rausch store. The center of attraction for all lovers of sweets is located in the French Quarter near Gendarmerie Square (Gendarmenmarkt).

Address: Charlottenstraße 60, 10117 Berlin.
Opening hours: Mon-Sat 10:00 - 20:00; Sun 11:00 - 20:00.
Website: www.rausch.de.

Here we have listed only a small part of the attractions of Berlin. But if you are traveling to the German capital for the first time, then these will be your first priority travel destinations.

Palaces and castles

Museums, exhibitions and galleries

Architecture and monuments

Squares and streets

Gardens and parks

Theaters and entertainment

Temples and cathedrals

A little history

In the 12th century, the settlements of Altberlin and Cologne appeared on the territory of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, on the banks of the Spree and the island of Spreeinsel. In 1237–44 they became independent cities. In 1307, the two cities actually united, but the official unification took place only in 1709.

In 1417, Berlin was declared the capital of the Margraviate/Electorate of Brandenburg. From the beginning of the 18th century until the second half of the 19th century, it was the capital of Prussia. After the Great Unification into the German Empire, Berlin was its capital until 1918; until 1933 - the capital of the Weimar Republic, until 1945 - Nazi Germany (Third Reich).

After the defeat of Hitler's army in World War II, Berlin was divided into four occupation sectors, which were under the control of the victorious countries. In 1949, 2 German states appeared: the Federal Republic of Germany in the western zone and the GDR in the east. Berlin was also divided into two parts. The Berlin Wall, which divided the city, the country and many families for a long time, was erected in 1961 and demolished in 1989. The East and West territories of Berlin were reunited, external control was abolished, new period in the life and history of the city.

Entertainment

Walking through the city at night, photo by Theodor Sirbuletu

The city transforms every night, its splendor can be appreciated if you go for a walk through the city at night, and in warm weather along the Spree by boat to see the magnificent Berlin buildings and bridges from the water, from a new perspective.

Night clubs

In a Berlin nightclub, photo puroberlin

The night lights come on. The doors of numerous clubs in Berlin open.

The respectable establishment 40 Seconds at Potsdamer Straße 58 has several halls and two dance floors on terraces with views of the city.

The Berghain techno club hosts incendiary non-stop parties from Friday to Monday, and there is a Panorama Bar on the second floor. Address: Am Wriezener Bahnhof.

Puro Sky Lounge is located on the twentieth floor of the Europacenter building - from there, from a dizzying height, a magnificent all-round panorama of the night capital opens. This club has luxurious conceptual interiors, a variety of music, and themed parties. Address: Tauentzienstraße 9-12.

The glamorous Mio is located in the basement of the Berlin TV Tower. It has stylish interiors and a huge terrace overlooking the historical center. Address: Panoramastraße 1A.

Casino lovers can visit the Spielbank Berlin gambling house on Potsdamer Platz. The entertainment complex has four halls with modern slot machines, roulette, blackjack, and classic card games. Address: Marlene-Dietrich-Platz 1.

Holidays

Christmas in Berlin, photo bz_foto

New Year's holidays in Berlin are noisy, with home feasts, street celebrations, and fireworks.

On the first of May, Berliners celebrate Maifeiertag. The ancient pagan tradition has today turned into an official holiday. The main symbol of the holiday is the Maypole decorated in a special way. The evening before, the street events “Dance in May” begin, they go into Walpurgis Night - noisy fun reigns on the capital’s streets. In the morning, the trade union association DGB is organizing a May Day demonstration.

The third Sunday in October is the harvest festival, Kirmes. The symbol of autumn folk festivities is considered to be a straw effigy with an indispensable bottle of schnapps - it is burned in the square.

Berliners' favorite holiday is Christmas. It was from Germany that the custom of decorating the Christmas tree originated. Celebrations last a week until New Year's.

Events

Festival of Lights, photo Frank

In February, the Berlinale opens, the famous Berlin film festival dedicated to intellectual cinema, with the main prize “Golden Bear”.

At the end of May, the colorful Carnival of Cultures takes place with costumed processions and scenic street areas.

Museum Night falls on the last Sunday in August. Almost all museums and galleries in the city offer cultural and entertainment programs. This international project today takes place all over the world, and it started in Berlin, since 1997.

In October, the German capital hosts an enchanting Festival of Lights. All the main attractions are illuminated, and spectacular light shows are projected onto the walls of buildings. The holiday lasts two weeks, ending with the night mass marathon City Light Run.

Shopping

Berlin's shops can turn even the most pragmatic people into shopaholics.

Store opening hours

Shops are usually open from Monday to Saturday from 10:00 to 20:00. On Sunday they rest, except for some, for example, at train stations.

Sales

Traditionally winter sale(Winterschlussverkauf) begins on the last Monday of January, and summer (Sommerschlussverkauf) - on the last Monday of July. They last approximately 2 weeks. But many stores in winter begin to reduce prices before Christmas. Discounts in Berlin shopping centers are announced by Reduziert, Sale or % signs.

The shops

Department store KaDeWe, photo Markus Ammann

The capital's shopping routes run along Kurfuerstendamm (Ku'damm for short) and Friedrichstrasse. Ku'damm is the abode of luxury: Gucci, Chanel, Sonia Rykiel, Max Mara, Jil Sander. On Friedrichstrasse and Unter den Linden you will find expensive boutiques of Escada, Herm'es, Hugo Boss clothing and Herend porcelain.

Friedrichstrasse is interesting shopping centers Quartier 205, Quartier 206 and Quartier 207, which houses the Galleries Lafayette. Departmentstore Quartier 206 on the second floor presents the latest collections of leading brands Calvin Klein, Dolce & Gabbana, Manolo Bahnik, Miu Miu, Oscar de la Renta, Marc Jacobs, Prada, Victoria Beckham, Tom Ford, Yves Saint Laurent, Bottega Veneta, Etro . When a new collection arrives, discounted items end up in the Last Season store below.

On Tauentzienstrasse, this continuation of Ku’damm, there are stores of affordable brands (Zara, H&M). There are also large department stores here: Peek&Cloppenburg (Tauentzienstraße, 19), Europa Center (Tauentzienstraße, 9-12), Wertheim (Kurfürstendamm, 231).

Next to the Wittenbergplatz metro station, there is the department store Kaufhaus des Westens, abbreviated Ka-De-We (Tauentzienstraße, 21-24). The 8-storey KaDeWe is the second largest department store in Europe.

You can find inexpensive clothes on Wilmersdorferstrasse. Discounts are given for most of the range.

Two hundred branded retail establishments are gathered under the roof of the Alexa shopping center at Grunerstraße 20. Here you can find quite affordable brands.

The Arcade shopping center on Potsdamer Platz Arkaden sells fashion items, cosmetics and other beauty products, electronics, and gadgets. Address: Alte Potsdamer Straße, 7.

European clothing is presented in the die mitte shopping center on Alexanderplatz.

Brands at Galeria Kaufhaus on Alexanderplatz focused on average income. Here you can buy high-quality shoes and clothes, costume jewelry, leather goods and various accessories.

It is also worth checking out the impressive range of Ritter Sport chocolates in the 1000 m² Ritter Sport Bunte Schokowelt brand store at Französische Straße 24.

Outlets

The capital's outlets offer inexpensive shopping:
Marc Cain Factory (Oudenarder Straße, 16),
PrivaFashion-Club Outlet Berlin (Altonaer Straße, 59),
Zalando Outlet Store Berlin (Köpenicker Straße, 20),
Designer Outlet Berlin (Alter Spandauer Weg 1, 14641 Wustermark).

Flea markets

There are several flea markets in Berlin. Here are a few.

The largest Hallentroedelmarkt Treptow is located on the site of a former factory. Opening hours: on weekends from 10:00 to 16:00. Address: Eichenstraße 4.

Berliner Kunst- und Nostalgiemarkt is located next to Friedrichstrasse. There are a lot of tourists here, so the prices are inflated. Opening hours: on weekends from 11:00 to 17:00.

Kunst-und Trödelmarkt is the oldest flea market in Berlin, located in the Tiergarten park. Among other things, there are decent displays of records and CDs. At Trödelmarkt you can find a real treasure for next to nothing. Collectors usually come here. Opening hours: on weekends from 10:00 to 17:00. Address: Straße des 17. Juni (at the end of the street).

The Trödelmarkt on Arkonaplatz is frequented by locals. It's not crowded here and prices are lower. They sell household items, inexpensive vintage clothing and vinyl records. Opening hours: Sundays from 10:00 to 16:00. Address: Arkonaplatz 1.

Flohmarkt am Mauerpark is still a young market, so there are few tourists here. Opening hours: Sunday from 09:00 to 18:00. Address: Bernauer Strasse 63-64.

Food and restaurants

In a Berlin restaurant, photo by Constanze Hallensleben

The Alpenstück Restaurant & Bakery at Gartenstrasse 9 prepares national dishes, makes real sausages, serves fresh pastries, excellent beer, German and Austrian wines.

Schneeweiß at Simplonstrasse 16 is considered an inexpensive establishment. They serve schnitzels and lamb meat, entrecote with vegetables, and pork with dumplings.

Reinhard’s offers European and Russian cuisine and is famous for its fast service. Addresses: Poststraße, 28; Kurfürstendamm, 27; Koenigsallee, 56; Am Hamburger Bahnhof, 4.

Authentic German dishes can be ordered at the Maxwell restaurant (address: Gleimstraße 23). The restaurant's menu is divided into meat, fish, and vegetarian sections.

Traditional German schnitzels or goulash with dumplings, Sachertorte and classic apple strudel will be served at the concept cafe Einstein on the street "Under the Linden Trees" (address: Unter den Linden 42).

Local beer bars serve klops meatballs and Kotelett chops with German potato salad, an exotic “hakepeter” snack made from raw minced meat on bread; White beer is served with fruit syrup. Be sure to try the Eisbein pork knuckle - here it is prepared in a special way, boiled in beer. Try the Berlin "eintopf" - a thick vegetable soup with assorted smoked meats. Berliner donuts with powdered sugar and fruit marmalade filling are considered a cult dessert in the capital.

Berlin tram, photo bashirRANA

Getting around Berlin is quite convenient by public transport. The city has a metro that was built before the war. Ground transport will take you anywhere in Berlin. You need to worry about tickets in advance. For tourists, a 24-hour ticket is most suitable. It will allow you to travel throughout the city during the day at any distance. ...

There are two main versions of the origin of the name: according to the first, Berlin came from the German “Bär” - “bear”, and according to the second - from the Slavic “berl”, which is translated as “swamp”.

Another version was found, somewhat close to the “swamp”: Berlin is a distorted name ancient city Polabian Slavs, founded in the 1st millennium BC, translated as “dam” (burlin).

In my opinion, the coat of arms of Berlin itself silently demonstrates which of these options, but this is a personal opinion.

“Berlin is named in Slavic,” says Zadornov. - “Berlin” is a “BERLOZHE place.” The Germans took me and said: “Here are the Slavic temples and Yarilo (Sventovit).” And Sventovit is our Slavic god.”

Long before Berlin

Long before the first mention in documents, the history of Berlin begins. Evidence of this ancient phase of settlement of the region is on display at the Berlin Museum of Prehistory and early history, as well as in the historical reconstruction of the village-museum Düppel, where medieval crafts are also demonstrated.

Archaeologists have discovered items made of flint and bone, the age of which indicates the presence of human settlements in the Berlin region 60 thousand years BC. About 18 thousand years ago, as a result of melting glaciers, water formed the Berlin Valley, along which the Spree River ran.

In the fourth millennium BC, farmers and herders lived in the Berlin Valley, and ceramics existed. From the 6th century BC. e. the territory was inhabited mainly by the Semnonians (one of the branches of the Suevi) and the Burgundians.

In the 4th and 5th centuries BC. e. Most of the tribes left their territories of residence on the Havel and Spree, heading towards the Upper Rhine in Swabia. The population declined, but not for long. In the 6th century, Slavic tribes rushed to this direction, and around 720 they appeared on the territory of present-day Berlin. They populated old Germanic settlements and settled in previously uninhabited territories.

Related post: July 3 – Day of the defeat of the Khazar Kaganate by Prince Svyatoslav

The Slavic period of Berlin's history ends in 1157 with the founding of the Brandenburg Mark by Albrecht the Bear. They went to war against the Slavs, and after several unsuccessful attempts they were defeated. The first villages on the territory of what is now Greater Berlin appeared on the new lands of Teltow, annexed to the mark by the Ascanian margraves, skillful politicians who wisely used the opportunities of the international spiritual order of the Cistercians from the Lenin monastery (here are those times! - Ilyich, what are you?) and the Knights Templar from the commander of Tempelhof.

Founding of Berlin

The settlement arose in the dry areas of the marshy valley between Teltow and Barnim at the ford across the Spree River. Old Berlin located on the right bank of the river, and opposite on the island of Spreeinsel - Cologne. The first mentions of settlements on the territory of modern Berlin date back to this time: 1197 - Spandau, 1209 - Köpenick, 1237 - Cologne and 1244 - Berlin. Spandau and Köpenick are former Slavic settlements.

Embankment of the Spree River now

Letters with the oldest mentions of Cologne dated 01/01/01 and Berlin dated 01/01/01 are in the Museum of the Brandenburg an der Havel Cathedral. Spandau received city rights in 1232, around the same time Berlin became a city. In 1307, Berlin and Cologne united. The economic growth of the double city was supported by the folding law granted to Berlin-Cologne by the co-rulers-margraves Otto III and Johann I in relation to Spandau and Köpenick and forcing merchants from these cities passing through the city to offer their goods for sale for a certain time.

During archaeological excavations carried out over the years on Breite Strasse in Berlin's Mitte district, a wooden beam dating back to approximately 1171 was discovered. In 2007, during excavations at Petrikirchplatz in the former Cologne, an oak beam was discovered in the basement, dendrological analysis of which showed that the tree was cut down in 1212.

Style, ease and lightness reign in Berlin. Too many grandiose and at the same time tragic events occurred in the German capital - the declaration of the Third Reich, Nazi pogroms, almost complete destruction by bombing, half a century of division into Western and Eastern parts. Now the city seems to be resting and happily writing its history anew.

Berlin's districts are completely different from each other. In the historical central part rise the gloomy hulks of the Reichstag and the palaces of Museum Island. The trendy eastern quarters host interesting restaurants, stylish clubs and art spaces. The best shops in the city are located on the Kurfürstendamm boulevard.

Berlin, of course, is not as elegant and ceremonial as others European capitals, however, he has his own soul, which is revealed to the traveler gradually.

The best hotels and inns at affordable prices.

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What to see and where to go in Berlin?

The most interesting and beautiful places for walks. Photos and brief description.

1. Brandenburg Gate

An important architectural monument of Berlin with special symbolic meaning. In 1871, a ceremonial procession of Prussian regiments passed through the gates, marking the declaration of the German Empire. In 1933, the famous Nazi torchlight procession took place here and the “Thousand Year Reich” was proclaimed. After World War II, the Brandenburg Gate became the dividing line between West and East Germany.

2. Reichstag

The Reichstag was the seat of the German Legislative Assembly during the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. The modern German parliament also holds meetings in the Reichstag. The building itself was built in a very pompous and somewhat overwhelming manner, which, according to the architects, was supposed to emphasize the greatness of the Empire. Everything in the Reichstag seems huge and incomprehensible - the columns, gray facades, the grandiose glass dome.

3. Berlin Wall

The wall, which, following the Second World War, divided Berlin into zones of influence of two main opponents - the military blocs of the Warsaw Department and NATO. The wall stood for almost 30 years and became a symbol of the Cold War. It was a real border with checkpoints and security. After the fall of the Wall and the reunification of Germany in 1989, its rubble was gradually stolen for souvenirs. It was decided to preserve some fragments of the structure as a monument.

4. Berlin Cathedral

The largest Protestant church in Germany, located within the Museum Island. The cathedral was built in the era of Kaiser Wilhelm II and was conceived as a German analogue to St. Peter's Cathedral in the Vatican. The building simply dazzles with its solemn and majestic architecture. It feels like it was built by giants. From the observation deck of the temple there is an excellent panoramic view of Berlin.

5. Charlottenburg

Palace of the late 17th century in the Baroque style, a gift from King Frederick I to his wife Sophia Charlotte of Hanover. After construction was completed, it immediately began to be used as a royal residence. In front of the palace there is a park in the classical traditions of French and English landscape art. At first the building was called Litzenburg, but after the death of the queen it was renamed in her honor.

6. Spandau Citadel

A 17th-century fortress on the outskirts of Berlin, built during the reign of Joachim II. At the beginning of the 20th century, weapons and ammunition were manufactured on the territory of Spandau. In 1935, a secret Nazi laboratory was located here, where chemical weapons were developed. The last secret warehouse was found in the 70s. Tourists were allowed into the territory in 1992, after the final “unfreezing” of the site.

7. Bellevue Palace

The building is located in the Tiergarten park. It is used as the residence of the German President. During the German Empire, Bellevue belonged to the ruling family and was used as the summer palace of one of the princes. After the fall of the monarchy, it became the property of the state; in 1935, the Museum of Applied Arts was located on the territory. The building can only be entered at certain times once a week.

8. Köpenick Palace

A palace standing on the site of an ancient fortress (presumably built by the Slavs). In the 16th century, Köpenick was a more modest structure and was used as a hunting castle for Elector Joachim II. In the 17th century, the palace was expanded and a park was laid out on the adjacent territory. Nowadays, the building houses the Museum of Decorative and Applied Arts. Concerts are held on the square in front of the palace in the summer.

9. Red Town Hall

The Red Town Hall is the seat of the city government and the mayor of Berlin. This is a neo-Renaissance building with elements of the neo-Gothic style of the late 19th century. As a result of the bombing of Berlin in 1945, the building was heavily damaged and a lengthy restoration was required. Interestingly, the main halls of the town hall can be rented for private events.

10. Ka-De-Ve

A six-story store from the early 20th century. Its permanent slogan is “Come, look, be surprised!” Despite its rather respectable age, the department store offers the best service and a wide variety of goods in almost all price categories. In terms of importance and prestige for Germans, it can be compared to London's Harrods. In Ka-De-Ve it is impossible to stumble upon a fake or buy a low-quality item.

11. Alexanderplatz

The square where at the beginning of the 19th century Kaiser Wilhelm III received Emperor Alexander I. The place was named in honor of the Russian monarch. On the square there is the city hall, a modern television tower, and the Fountain of Friendship of Peoples. Until the 17th century, there was a cattle market and a place for executing criminals. Mostly butchers, cattlemen, traders, and shepherds lived in the houses surrounding the square. In the 18th century, the list of permanent residents was replenished with artisans and petty bourgeois.

12. Potsdamer Platz

The parade ground in the Tiergarten area on the site of the destroyed Potsdam Gate. Before the bombing of World War II, the square was adjacent to a well-maintained quarter - a popular place for leisure and recreation for Berliners. Everything was destroyed and turned into ruins; nothing of the historical buildings survived. Today, modern high-rise buildings rise around the square, housing the offices of large corporations.

13. Gendarmenmarkt

One of the most beautiful squares Berlin. Basic architectural ensemble consists of three buildings: the German and French cathedrals and the concert hall located in the middle. All three buildings are designed in the colors of a strict classical style. In December, a Christmas tree is erected on the Gendarmenmarkt and the fair begins. Festive lighting is lit on the facades of the cathedrals and the Concert Hall.

14. Berlin State Opera

The very first opera building was built in the middle of the 18th century. During the Second World War it was destroyed twice - during the bombings of 1941 and 1945. Restoration work was carried out until 1955. The renovated opera stage opened with a production of Die Meistersinger of Nuremberg, the immortal work of the German musical genius Richard Wagner.

15. Madame Tussauds

Berlin branch of Madame Tussauds wax museum. Located on the Unten der Linden boulevard. Here you can look at copies of Otto von Bismarck, A. Einstein, Ludwig Beethoven, K. Marx. More modern exhibits include Angela Merkel, Johnny Depp, Rihanna, Madonna and many other famous characters. The figure of Hitler behind the glass wall attracts particular attention. The sinister Fuhrer is depicted at the moment of making the decision to commit suicide.

16. Museum Island

Berlin's large museum quarter, listed as a UNESCO heritage site. There are five museums here: the Old National Gallery, the Bode Museum, the Old and New Museums, and the Pergamon Museum. Extensive exhibitions tell the story of history from primitive times to the present day; hundreds of paintings by masters from different countries, schools and periods are exhibited in numerous art galleries.

17. Topography of terror

Memorial complex dedicated to the victims of the Nazi regime. It is located on the territory where the headquarters of the SS and SD were located. The complex represents a whole group of expositions, memorials, exhibitions under open air, preserved administrative buildings of the Third Reich, basements and barracks. Topography of Terror began work in 1987. The total exhibition area is more than 800 m².

18. Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe

Monument in honor of Jews killed by the Nazis. The memorial complex has a rather interesting and unusual architectural design, which accurately conveys the atmosphere of horror that reigned in Germany after Hitler came to power. The memorial consists of several rows of unmarked gray tombstones of varying sizes. They seem to form a labyrinth and symbolize death and hopelessness.

19. Neue Wahe

Germany's main memorial dedicated to all victims of war and tyranny. It is a sculpture of a mother holding her murdered son in her arms. Neue Wahe appeared at the beginning of the 19th century and, according to the king’s idea, was supposed to serve as a monument to those killed in the Napoleonic Wars. In those years and until the end of the 20th century, it was a guardhouse with honorary guards. The sculpture was installed in 1993 on the initiative of Chancellor G. Kohl.

20. Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

A late 19th-century temple built in honor of the first Kaiser of the united German Empire, Wilhelm I. The building was heavily damaged by bombing, and only part of the western tower remains. In the 60s A modern building was erected near the tower. It was assumed that the new building would form a harmonious ensemble with the remains of the church. Inside it is a 4.6-meter figure of Christ.

21. Church of St. Nicholas

The oldest temple in Berlin. It is believed that it appeared in the 13th century. Services were held here until 1938. As a result of destruction during the war, only the outer walls remained of the church. After restoration in 1981, the building began to be used as a concert hall and as a venue for exhibitions. The building is a building in a typical “Protestant” style with laconic forms and sharp spiers of the towers.

22. St. Mary's Church

An old functioning Lutheran church not far from the Berlin TV tower. The history of the church began in the 13th century, since then it has burned and been rebuilt several times. Like many historical buildings, St. Mary's Church was restored after the war in the 60s and 70s. XX century. Inside the temple there is an organ that J.S. himself played. Bach. On Sundays, during services you can enjoy the performance of the church choir.

23. New Synagogue

Jewish temple of the mid-19th century. Surprisingly, the Wehrmacht authorities did not destroy it, but simply closed it in 1940, and converted the premises into a warehouse. The synagogue survived the bombing, although it was significantly damaged. After the war, they decided not to restore the temple, since almost all the Jews - potential parishioners were killed under Hitler. The building was demolished in 1958, leaving only the façade. After the reunification of Germany, the synagogue was restored.

24. Checkpoint Charlie

An iconic and iconic place on Friedrichstrasse, a symbol of the confrontation between two irreconcilable enemies of the Cold War - the USSR and the USA. After the division of Germany, the border passed here and a military checkpoint was established. It was at Checkpoint Charlie that the tank confrontation took place during the Berlin crisis of 1958-1962, during which the world came close to nuclear war.

25. Berlin TV Tower

The television tower is more than 360 meters high. Builds the fourth tallest TV tower in Europe. Started working in 1969. In sunny weather, the outline of a cross is reflected on the ball crowning the structure (apparently from nearby standing church). Connected with this fact is the speculation that the architect was interrogated by the relevant authorities for allegedly deliberately designing the cross.

26. Berlin Zoo

Zoological garden in the Tiergarten area with a total area of ​​25 hectares. There are 1,500 species of animals represented here (15 thousand individuals in total). The zoo was opened in the mid-19th century for the Prussian King William IV. Gradually, access was allowed to mere mortals. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Berlin Zoo was considered one of the most advanced and modernly equipped zoological gardens. During the war, a bomb hit the territory, and out of almost 4 thousand animals, only about a hundred survived.

27. Treptower Park

A park on the banks of the Spree River, where there is a large memorial complex in honor of Soviet liberating soldiers. The central monument of the park is an 8-meter tall figure of a soldier with a sword and a little girl in his arms. The Alley of Sarcophagi leads to the statue, where the remains of several thousand soldiers are buried in five mass graves. Parts of the Reichstag facade were used to make the alley slabs.

28. Botanical Garden

The garden was laid out in the 19th century and initially served as a recreation area. Over time, it became a research center. At the moment, several thousand plants grow here, among which there are many exotic specimens that are not typical for these latitudes. IN Botanical Garden several greenhouses displaying a rich variety of exotic flowers, cacti, ferns and other species.

29. Boulevard Unter den Linden

One of the most famous streets in Berlin, the local “Broadway” and the center of the capital’s fashionable life. Famous city attractions are located along the boulevard. Unter den Linden starts at palace square and leads to the Brandenburg Gate. Back in the 18th century, the boulevard became the hallmark of Prussia. The local nobility loved to organize evening promenades along the picturesque linden alleys.

30. Greater Tiergarten Park

A green oasis in the city center where you can admire nature and enjoy tranquility. Tiergarten has dozens of paths, well-groomed alleys, cozy pavilions and benches. In the center of the park stands the grandiose Triumphal Column, which symbolizes the power of the German nation. IN summer time On the numerous lawns people sunbathe or simply relax in the generous shade of the trees.

Berlin is the capital of modern Germany, one of the largest cities in Europe. This is a modern city - a constantly renewed, fashionable European center.
Berlin is located in the heart of Brandeburg, on the banks of the Havel River and the Spree River. The main language is German, English is widespread.
This is a city with an unusual and complex history. It acquired city rights in 1244, was the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and then the capital of the German Empire. Survived the division into two parts - the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany, and was united in 1990.
Today it is a densely populated, important cultural, industrial and scientific center. Berlin has preserved many historical monuments and attractions.
Holidays in Berlin are perfect for lovers of historically important places, young people and married couples.

Climate and weather

The temperate climate zone gives Berlin mild summers and moderately cool winters. Spring and autumn have distinct seasonal expressions. The average daily temperature in winter is + 2 °C, which is 2-3 °C higher than in nearby cities. During the hottest summer months, July and August, the average daily temperature is about + 19 °C.
The most comfortable time to travel to Berlin starts from the end of April and lasts until the beginning of October.

Nature

The historical part of the city is located in the floodplain of the Spree River, in a lowland, between the hills. The modern part is located on the hills.
The city is decorated with many flowers, trees and shrubs. You can often meet squirrels, hares, hedgehogs, and sometimes you may be lucky enough to see a pheasant or a fox.

Attractions

The undoubted and main attraction of Berlin is the Berlin Wall. For almost 30 years, this gloomy building separated the communist east of Berlin from the capitalist west of Berlin. The wall was destroyed in 1989. Now the remains of it are a reminder of those years, as well as a place that attracts many tourists. The East Side Gallery preserves 1,200 meters of walls painted by artists from all over the world. On Bernauerstrasse there are fragments of the Berlin Wall with small holes that were cut on the night of November 10, 1989.
The history of the city will be told to you in the Documentation Center, where hundreds of documents, video archives and photographs about Berlin are located.

Of special note is the Chapel of Reconciliation, which was erected in honor of 200 dead people who died while trying to escape through the Berlin Wall. The Checkpoint Charlie Museum is dedicated to these same events and the wall itself.
It is worth visiting Alexander I Square (Alexanderplatz). It contains the center of East Berlin, the Kaufhof department store and the Stadt Berlin hotel. Not far from it rises a 368-meter television tower - the tallest building in Berlin. At an altitude of 203 meters above the ground there is an observation deck, and even higher there is a revolving restaurant.

Undoubtedly, one of the main attractions of the city is the Reichstag. The windows of the Reichstag offer a picturesque view of the city. Nowadays, parliament meetings are held here again.
The Brandenburg Gate is a unique symbol of Berlin. The gate is decorated with a sculptural group, headed by the goddess of victory Victoria. It was from here that the construction of the Berlin Wall began.
Egyptian Museum- one of the most visited museums in Berlin by tourists. It houses ancient works of the Egyptians, sarcophagi, papyrus and even mummies found as a result of excavations. The most famous exhibit at the exhibition is the bust of Nefertiti, which is about 3,000 years old.

Nutrition

Oddly enough, finding a restaurant in Berlin that serves national dishes is quite difficult. Usually, national cuisine served in bars and pubs. Here you can drink famous German beer and taste excellent meat dishes. Tourists are recommended to order Klops meatballs and the special Kotelett chop. Potato salad is a popular side dish.

White beer, to which fruit syrup is added, is in demand among women. For national dishes, be sure to try the deep-fried chicken and Eintopf soup, which is more like a stew than a main course.
For gourmets - Hackepeter snack. This is a mixture of raw minced meat with hot spices, topped with a raw egg.

For dessert, try the Berliner pancakes with marmalade.
Berlin has many gastronomic establishments where everyone will find a dish to suit their taste. Among the most popular establishments is the Maxwell restaurant, where the menu consists of national dishes. A wonderful interior and a prime location in a historic building of the 19th century, makes Maxwell ideal place, both for business negotiations and celebrations.

Continental cuisine is served in the Alt Luxembourg restaurant. This is a fascinating place where the atmosphere of antiquity and grace reigns.
The Marjellchen restaurant offers European cuisine and a modern interior; it is extremely popular among tourists and the local population.

Accommodation

In total, there are about 850 hotels in Berlin, so, as a rule, there are no problems with housing.

The modernist two-star hotel H2 Berlin-Alexanderplatz offers good rooms and a buffet breakfast for 45 € per day.
Among three-star hotels, we can recommend the Apartments am Brandenburger Tor and Hotel Gat Point Charlie. Room rates range from 50 to 340 € per night.
The four-star hotels Adina Berlin Hackescher Markt and H10 Berlin Ku'damm are known for their excellent level of service, reasonable prices and a wide range of services. Room prices range from 73 to 700 €.
The five-star Eurostars Berlin provides high-quality service and comfortable rooms starting from €85.

Entertainment and relaxation

Berlin - best city for lovers of active recreation. If you like thrills, be sure to visit the horror room. In addition to goblins and ghosts, the Berlin Horror Room has a museum that reflects all the horrors of World War II.
An exclusive ride around the city will be a ride on a pedicab. Pedicab parking is located on the Gendarmenmarkt square and at the Brandenburg Gate.

Every day, Zoo Aquarium Berlin is open for you - an aquarium that is stunning in its diversity.

The botanical garden "Gardens of the World" will show you plants from all the world's famous botanical gardens.
The Jacks Fun World complex is open for families with children: fun rides, exciting games for the little ones and funny photos with fairy-tale characters will captivate your children and give wonderful memories.

For a holistic experience, visit the Adlon Day Spa. This is Berlin's most prestigious establishment in this area. Therapeutic baths, massages and a huge swimming pool will help you truly relax and unwind.
Fans of club life will find a place to suit every taste in Berlin. The 90˚ club is very popular. Every evening the club hosts various theme nights, and visitors must dress in a style appropriate to the musical direction.
A romantic evening can be spent on Friday at the Knaack club. On Mondays, fans of rock music gather there.

Purchases

Shopping lovers will feel extremely comfortable in Berlin. Fashion boutiques, shopping centers, shops with exclusive clothing, outlets - a huge variety of goods and affordable prices can even turn your head.
The city's main shopping streets are Kurfrstendamm and Friedrichstrasse.

Kurfürstendamm starts from the Memorial Church and ends at Lake Hälensi. This shopping street is filled with world-class brands, antique shops, and one of the largest shopping centers in Europe, Kaufhaus des Westens. The most exclusive things will be waiting for you here.

Friedrichstrasse is located in the eastern part of Berlin. There are car showrooms, expensive boutiques, and shops with exclusive goods.
Inexpensive and high-quality clothes are sold on Wilmersdorferstrasse or Alexander Platz.

In shopping towns called outlets, they sell designer items from famous brands from past collections, which is why their prices are extremely low.
If you want to save even more, you need to arrive in Berlin by the last Monday of July or January. From now on there are big sales for two weeks. Designer items are sold at discounts of up to 80%.
Shops are open from 9.00 or 10.00 to 18.00. On Thursdays, supermarket opening hours are extended until 20.00. Saturday is always a day of reduced work schedule until 16.00.

Transport

Public transport in Berlin consists of buses, trolleybuses, metro and, in the eastern part of the city, trams. The metro covers the main areas of Berlin.

Working hours of the metro are from 4.00 to 2.00, bus and tram from 5.30 to 01.00. At night, separate night bus and trolleybus routes operate.

The city is divided into zones, according to which the cost of travel is determined. AB is full territory Berlin. In this zone, the cheapest travel option is a single ticket costing €3.70. If you intend to use public transport frequently, you should buy a day ticket. The price for one person is 5.5 € for a large area, for all areas - 8.15 €. A ticket for a group of 5 people will cost 7 € for a large area and 10 € for a general area. Three-day tickets are sold only for the large zone, their cost is 12 €. Reduced travel on transport will be provided to you by the “Berlin - Potsdam Welcome Card”, which, in addition, entitles you to a 50% discount when visiting museums and excursions.

Tickets for the bus can be purchased from the driver, and for the train - from orange machines.

Connection

The city has access to a city line, postal mail, pay phones, mobile communications, and the Internet.
There will be no problems with Internet access, since there are many Internet cafes throughout the city. Cafes, restaurants and large bars provide free Wi-Fi access. Potsdamer Platz has the largest free Wi-Fi zone.

Safety

For a walk, it is better to take a hotel map or a copy of your passport with you. Having a document proving your identity is mandatory in any unforeseen situation.

It is not advisable to carry large amounts of cash on you. Credit cards are accepted to pay for purchases in large stores, restaurants, and cafes.

Fine for traveling without a ticket public transport throughout Germany is 40 €.
Talking on a mobile phone without a headset while driving can cost you a fine of 40 €.

Business climate

Berlin is the economic and financial center of Germany and the EU. The main sectors of development are mechanical engineering, radio-electronic industry, and transport construction. Also Berlin is the annual center international exhibitions and trade fairs.
The headquarters of companies such as Siemens AG, Deutsche Bahn AG and many other companies of the same level are located here.

Real estate

The average price for real estate ranges from 1,200 to 3,000 € per m2.
Housing prices in Berlin start from 20,000 €, which is much cheaper compared to other cities not only in Germany, but also in Europe.
A two-room apartment in a remote area will cost 30,000 €. Apartment in the city center, area 90 m2 - 122,000 €. 54 m2 can be purchased for 60,000 €.

The best days to visit museums and galleries are Tuesday and Wednesday. These days, cultural institutions are open until late. Monday is usually a day off.

To contact local residents, the phrase “Herr Doctor” is convenient. This treatment is appropriate for people of any profession.
A sign of good manners is the obligatory greeting with the expression “Mahlzeit” when entering a restaurant. It translates as “Bon appetit!”

You can withdraw cash on the most favorable terms at Geldautomat ATMs. They charge minimal fees and are located close to every major shopping center and government office.

In this article you will learn:

Berlin is the main city of Germany, which is its capital.

It is the second largest city in the European Union in terms of population.

This is a very interesting city, known for its difficult and long history. Until this time, it retained the features of medieval buildings. Squares and cathedrals, theaters and museums, including other attractions of the city, are very popular among tourists.

Description

Berlin is an extremely fast-paced center and one of the most famous and interesting places in the European Union. It is incredibly diverse: parks and new buildings, parties, various eateries and expensive restaurants, a lot of young people and office workers.

Today it is a metropolis with a population of approximately 3.4 million people, and also the economic center of the European Union. At the same time, Berlin remains the most cozy and beautiful corner of Europe.

The area of ​​the capital is approximately 890 kilometers square. The capital has Tegel and Schönefeld airports, bus stations, etc. railway stations. The largest transport system makes it easy to get to every corner of the city - for visiting guests and tourists, trams and buses, as well as the metro, operate almost around the clock.

Modern Berlin

Story

The modern architectural state of the capital is largely determined by the difficult history of Berlin, because throughout its existence it has changed dramatically. Its appearance was significantly imprinted on the results of the military events that took place, where Berlin played one of the noticeable and significant roles.

On the site of today's capital there were originally Berlin and Cologne, which served as points of trade routes. Cologne was mentioned back in 1237, and it was this year that was taken as the time of its founding. And after 70 years, these territories united, turning into one whole. Each of these territories at the same time also had self-government.

By 1432, these two self-governing territories actually became one, but at the official level the final unification was carried out only in 1709.

Thirty Years' War

During the Thirty Years' War, which took place in 1618-1648, it was incredibly destroyed, the population was significantly reduced - too many died in the war.

In 1701, the Elector of Brandenburg was crowned, he became the King of Prussia, and Berlin became the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. Frederick II made a significant contribution to the development of the capital. As a result, in the 18th century Berlin became one of the main centers of the European Enlightenment.

1871 - Berlin became the capital of the German Empire, in 1919-1933 the capital of the Weimar Republic, and directly in 1933 - the capital of Germany.

After the World War of 1945, the capital was divided into four parts, this subsequently led to the formation of two ideologically opposite countries, the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany.

In 1961, the famous Berlin Wall was erected, which was demolished in 1989. The country and the city united again.

Berlin Wall

Climate

The capital is located in the temperate climate zone. The average precipitation is 582 mm. The average annual temperature is -9 °C.

The warmest months are July and August, their average temperature- 18.6 and 17.8 °C, February and January are considered the coldest with −0.4 and −0.7 °C. The greatest amount of precipitation should be expected in July - approximately 71 mm, the least - in March (approximately 31 mm).

More than 40% of the city’s territory is covered with various green spaces; more than 400 thousand trees are planted along the streets. The city has a huge number of small open spaces, including vast urban park areas, which are nicknamed “islands of cold”; they create a very useful climate for citizens and visitors.

Attractions

You can talk about Berlin for quite a long time, and also endlessly sing about its sights, but it is much better to see everything with your own eyes.

But if you already went to Berlin, then start your excursion with - the main symbol of the city, which for so many centuries has symbolized the reunification of West and East.

Above the gate stands the famous statue of the Goddess of Victory on a chariot with four horses. Imagine how the famous Napoleon liked this symbol of the city that, on his orders, they were forced to demolish it and move it to Paris.

But a lot of time passed before this statue could be returned to its original place.

Brandenburg Gate

One of the memorable places in the city is the Berlin Wall. It is considered the most famous building in Berlin, the memory of which continues to live from year to year.

Are you wondering where the famous Berlin Wall is located? But you are unlikely to be able to see all of it, but it is quite possible to look at some fragments, and even take a photo near them.

Berlin Wall

The Reichstag is one of the central government bodies In the medieval Holy Roman Empire, the German nation witnessed a turbulent German history. But, no matter what history the country has preserved for us, tourists can get to this place through the western gate, then the only thing left to do is take the elevator up to the dome.

From the panoramic view you will see an amazing panorama of Berlin. And from this point you can see the city and enjoy an extensive overview.

Reichstag

And you can take a walk along the Unter den Linden Boulevard. This place for a walk has become the most famous and largest street in Berlin. The entire collection of the best buildings in the city area is concentrated on it - the German State Opera, the Russian Embassy, ​​the building of the former guardhouse.

Boulevard Unter den Linden

Potsdamer Platz combines the entire history of Berlin. It was once a wasteland, but after the fall of the Berlin Wall, it became a beautiful city center. The square contains casinos, hotels, shopping centers, cafes, restaurants, cinemas and theaters. In 2010, its own Boulevard of Stars was opened there.

Potsdamer Platz

Other attractions include such famous architectural structures as the TV Tower, Charlottenburg Palace and the Memorial Church.

Charlottenburg Palace

It is not for nothing that Berlin is called one of the cultural capitals of the world - the city is home to a huge number of monuments, theaters, concert halls and museums. The city hosts major music festivals, for example, the Jazzfest festival.

Theaters

The most famous and popular theaters among residents and visitors include the Volksbühne, Berliner Ensemble, and Theater of the West.

In addition, the city has three opera houses: the Comic Opera, the Deutsche Oper, and the Unter den Linden Opera.

Festivals

In February, it takes place annually, which is considered the largest public festival.

Berlin is a place where large festivals are often held, which are very popular among citizens and visiting tourists.

Holidays, all kinds of parades and processions that are organized in the open air are very exciting. These are carnivals of cultures, all kinds of carnival processions, various festivals and the like.

Museums

It is very difficult to list all the sights of Berlin, because there are over 200 museums on its territory alone.

But among them there are record holders - museums that are most often visited by tourists. And they are: Pergamon Museum, Old National Gallery, Egyptian Museum, Security Museum, M Natural History Museum, Bauhaus Archive, Grunewald Palaceand the world's largest Museum of Erotica. Be sure to take a look at all the beauty on display.

Bauhaus Museum-Archive
Grunewald Palace
Museum of Erotica

Symbols and landmarks

The Germans themselves call the main visiting card of Berlin the Bradenburg Gate, which is often called the Gate of Peace.

An equally significant landmark for tourists will be the TV tower in the Mitte district, which appears on postcards with views of Berlin.

TV Tower and Bode Museum

Excursions

We decided to take a walk around Berlin; experienced guides or simply people who live in the center of Germany will help you. Using the Tripster service, you can choose an excursion that interests you and enjoy the beauty of the city.

Berlin is one of the most “live” cities in Europe, which has sunk into the soul of many tourists. This city has a very large number of clubs, many new styles, trends and subcultures. The shopping here is very good and the quality of service is buzzing throughout Europe. Berlin is famous for its cultural heritage and has many galleries and museums.

Berlin has a very large number of cultural attractions. Let's look at how to save on them.

1. When walking around Berlin, you must have a hotel card or a copy of your passport with you.
2. It is better to book concert tickets on eBay. Many people who, for some reason, cannot do this, sell them on private advertisements for next to nothing.
3. For frequent travel around Berlin, you need to purchase a Berlin - Potsdam Welcome Card. It will allow you to save on public transport and will give you a discount on visiting museums and theaters. Buses operate even at night, they are marked with the letter N. It is worth taking a 24-hour pass so as not to use expensive taxi services.
4. Living in Berlin, despite the fact that it is the capital of the country, can be cheap. To do this, you need to use the German services Airbnb, Studenten-wg.de and Wg-gesucht.de. It often happens that students rent out their housing when they are not at home. Typically these dates fall on holidays. The period of their absence can even last up to a month.
5. With your ISIC International Student ID you will have many discounts on most attractions, galleries and museums. On Mondays, all cultural institutions are closed; the best time for excursions will be Tuesday and Wednesday.
6. There are shops everywhere in Berlin, you can find them everywhere here as souvenir shops and fashion boutiques. Most accept credit card payment, so you don't need to carry a large amount of cash with you. There are also many cafes with free Wi-Fi access.
7. The residents of this city are very scrupulous; they will never allow themselves to be late for a meeting.
8. You can contact a stranger on the street using the phrase “Herr Doctor”. It is the word “doctor” in Germany that has a broad meaning and refers to many types of professions.
9. Cheap supermarket chains in Berlin are Lidl, Aldi, Kaufland, Netto. Also, by visiting them, you can find many promotions and sales.
10. Most young Berliners speak English, so tourists shouldn't have any problems. It has been proven that when you contact locals in German, they will be more willing to answer you.
11. When visiting cafes or bars, you should say hello to everyone at the entrance, using the phrase “Mahlzeit”, which means “bon appetit”. In the center of Berlin, food is expensive, but you can go to any supermarket to eat.
12. All attractions in the German city are within the same radius. You can explore them on foot or rent a bicycle.

Where to stay in Berlin

We decided to go to the capital of Germany and don’t know which hotel is better to choose. We will show you the best options, close to the city center.

Hotel	Stardom	Discount	Price per night, from	Select dates
Motel One Berlin-Alexanderplatz	★★★		12 018 8 135
Linnen Luxx Apartment			19 184 15 610
Classic Hotel Alexander Plaza