Indigenous people of Madagascar. Population of Madagascar: size, density, age and racial composition

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Do not forget to transfer all answers to answer form No. 1 in accordance with the instructions for completing the work

Part 2

To answer this task, use ANSWER FORM No. 2.

Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points. MBOU________________________________________________________________

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Find material for any lesson,

Option No. 5920743

When completing tasks with a short answer, enter in the answer field the number that corresponds to the number of the correct answer, or a number, a word, a sequence of letters (words) or numbers. The answer should be written without spaces or any additional characters. The answers to tasks 1-26 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers).

If the option is specified by the teacher, you can enter or upload answers to tasks with a detailed answer into the system. The teacher will see the results of completing tasks with a short answer and will be able to evaluate the downloaded answers to tasks with a long answer. The scores assigned by the teacher will appear in your statistics. The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Indicate the numbers of sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The indigenous population of Madagascar called the souls of the dead lemurs, who returned to the world of the living at night and brought misfortune and death.

2) Europeans, having met animals with eyes glowing in the dark in Madagascar, called them lemurs, and the name stuck.

3) Europeans who came to Madagascar in the 16th century first met there harmless animals with long fluffy tails, tenacious paws and huge eyes - lemurs, or “poppies”, as the aborigines called them.

4) The indigenous population of Madagascar calls ring-tailed lemurs - animals with huge eyes glowing in the dark - the word "poppies".

5) Having arrived in Madagascar in the 16th century, Europeans met lemurs there, harmless animals with long fluffy tails, tenacious paws and huge eyes, which the locals called “poppies”.

Answer:

What word (combination of words) should be in the gap in the third (3) sentence?

Probably

For example

Answer:

Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word OWN. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

OWN, oh, oh.

1. Belonging to someone or something. by right of ownership. S. house.

2. Your own, personal. See with your own eyes. In your own hands. Self-esteem(feeling of self-respect). At your own request.

3. Being under the direct control, disposal, subordination of someone. S. correspondent.

4. Literal, real. In the proper sense of the word.

5. Peculiar only to someone, without extraneous additions (special). C. body weight.

6. actually, introductory. To be more precise, in essence. Actually, I don’t argue.

7. actually, a particle. Expresses limitation: without something, something else, extraneous. The Volga system consists of the Volga itself and its tributaries.

Answer:

In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

caterpillar

lived

TAKEN

no flint

rampant

Answer:

One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

Otters are extraordinarily intelligent and sensible creatures.

The CLEAR outline of a ship could be seen at the mouth of the river.

A very REPRESENTATIVE jury selected the artists to participate in the competition.

Knowing my father's hot, EXPLOSIVE character, we did not want to bother him.

He disregarded the rules of etiquette and was a complete IGNORANT.

Answer:

In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

SIX HUNDRED textbooks

DRIVE forward

ripe apricots

HARDER THAN wood

new TOWELS

Answer:

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Answer:

Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root, about the shock. You write this word by inserting a letter.

s..ti-ri-che-sky

extinct

k..sa-et-sya

application

pl..do-creative

Answer:

Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

and..spend, and..subtishka;

ex..exalt, ex..suppress;

d..white, not enough;

pre..history, inter..institutional;

lack of... carelessness, etc.. Slavic.

Answer:

You write a word, in which the letter I is written in place of the letter I.

Pri-dirch..vyy

treat..treat

hall...

intend..to

Answer:

You write a word, in which the letter U is written in place of the letter U.

you-keep..t

trembling..worrying

Answer:

Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

There was still (un)mown grass in the meadows.

(Not) hearing the sounds of bullets screeching from all sides, Pierre drove up to the field.

In Russia there was (not) that middle class that in Europe “united” the aristocracy and the common people.

The Saxon army skillfully hid in (impenetrable) forests and swamps.

The cannonball buzzed and flew over them, (not) doing any harm.

Answer:

Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

(B) SUBSEQUENTLY, the doorway was blocked with bricks, and the windows (ON) were HIGHLY boarded up.

JUST like his father, Evgeniy was a professional violinist, ALTHOUGH, many believed that he was superior to his father in the art of playing.

Our water supplies were (ON) running out, but the guide (ON) refused to deviate from the route and reach the river.

(AS) AS the guests arrived, there was less and less space in the living room, (SO) I went out onto the terrace.

Answer:

Indicate all the numbers, in place of which NN is written.

The main effect of the card is once again in the background: in the bright room for the play (1) a lady with a child in her arms looks pleadingly at the invited (2) doctor in a golden (3) pince-nez.

Answer:

Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma

1) The fellow traveler did not hear what was said or ignored my hint.

2) And the years passed quickly and silently and took these memories with them.

3)Themes of war and peace, forgiveness and hatred are relevant at all times.

4) Our train stopped at both large and small stations.

5) On the same lilac bush I saw yellow leaves and buds that began to swell.

Answer:

There was a swimmer (1) who decided on such a night (2) to go through the strait (3) at a distance of twenty versts, and the important one must be the reason (4) for it to be so amazing!

Answer:

Add all missing punctuation marks:

I was (1) understandable (2) happy too,

when I fell in love and loved

or among noisy youth

found his recognition.

You (3) happiness (4) still appeared to me,

when not immediately, for a reason

opened up to the boy

forests and arable lands (5) beauty.

I was also quite happy

not every day, but every year,

when at feast festivities,

like a bell in a bell tower,

the people hummed solemnly.

(Yaroslav Smelyakov)

Answer:

Arrange all the signs of pre-pi-na-niya: indicate the number(s), in place of which one(s) in the sentence there should be one hundredth place(s).

In the deep silence of the sea, my brother and I are on the other side of the river under the shadow of the thick silver of the to-po-la and der -in the hands of fishing rods (1) rusty hooks (2) some (3) were lowered (4) into a huge tub of rotten water .

Answer:

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Some new ideas came to my mind (1) and (2) if you come (3) I will be happy to tell you about (4) what worries me now.

Answer:

Which of your sayings correspond to the text? Specify the number from the ve-tov.

1) Fascist tanks bombard London.

2) Bro-non-fighting gun Si-mo-no-va fighters call it “golden”.

3) Ba-ta-reya half-cov-ni-ka By-ko-va uni-that-lived more than twenty tanks.

4) The battle against Se-va-sto-po-la lasted more than a year.

5) The storyteller got his first vivid impressions from airplanes

at a pre-growth age.

(According to I. G. Ehrenburg*)

Answer:

Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentences 13−15 reveal the content of sentence 12.

2) Sentences 16–17 contain description.

3) Sentences 18–20 present the reasoning.

4) Sentences 31–33 present the narrative.

5) Propositions 38 and 39 are contrasted in content.

(1) When Leonardo da Vinci sat over the drawings of a flying machine, he thought not about high-explosive bombs, but about the happiness of mankind. (2) As a teenager, I saw the first loops of the French pilot Pegu. (3) The elders said: “Be proud - a man flies like a bird!” (4) Many years later I saw Junkers over Madrid, over Paris, over Moscow...

(5) A machine can be good and evil. (6) Hitler turned the car into an instrument of destruction. (7) People looked at the sky with pride. (8) Hitler decided: they will look at the sky with horror. (9) People happily thought: we will go out of town in a car. (10) Hitler decided: when they heard the sound of the engine, people would run without looking back.

(11) But one day the time came for testing. (12) At first the Germans were triumphant. (13) Their tanks traveled all over Europe. (14) Caterpillars crushed France and left furrows in the fields of ancient Hellas. (15) The Junkers crippled the seemingly impregnable London. (16) And the Germans sent their cars to Russia - to the Caucasus mountains, to the rivers of Siberia. (17) This is where a hitch occurred: machines did not break the will of man. (18) In war there is a lot of grief, a lot of destruction, war is not the road to progress, war is a terrible test. (19) But there is also something high in war: it gives people wisdom. (20) This war brought humanity a great lesson: revenge of man.

(21) The Nazis tried to replace the heart of a soldier with a motor, and the soldier’s endurance with armor. (22) However, the Patriotic War proved the triumph of the human spirit.

(23)…Senior Lieutenant Bykov’s battery repelled a tank attack. (24) Rounding a birch grove, fifty tanks were approaching our battle formations. (25) “Don’t miss it!” - was Bykov’s team. (26) Already wounded, this man remained at his post. (27) And then the remains of twenty-six German tanks blackened on the battlefield. (28) According to the Germans, these tanks were supposed to reach India. (29) But they died. (30) At the birch grove...

(31) Or here are some more facts. (32) Ten Red Navy men destroyed twenty-three tanks with anti-tank guns. (33) Sailor Timokhin burned six tanks.

(34) And Sevastopol? (35) The epic defense of this city was a triumph of human courage, when a small, weak garrison, without airfields, almost without tanks, repelled the attacks of powerful enemy divisions and equipment for two hundred and fifty days.

(36) Yes, German tanks have long been imagined as a boa constrictor, before which Europe stood numb and trembled like an aspen leaf. (37) But people blocked their way. (38) Of course, we had excellent anti-tank guns. (39) Of course, our soldiers rightly call Simonov’s armor-piercing gun the “golden gun.” (40) But how can we forget about an ordinary grenade in the hand of a fearless fighter, which the enemy feared no less than a large projectile? (41) How can we forget about the mighty, courageous heart of a warrior?

(According to I. G. Ehrenburg*)

Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg (1891–1967) - Russian prose writer, poet, translator from French and Spanish, publicist, photographer and public figure.

Answer:

One of the sentences listed below uses antonyms. Write down the number of this offer.

(1) When Leonardo da Vinci sat over the drawings of a flying machine, he thought not about high-explosive bombs, but about the happiness of mankind. (2) As a teenager, I saw the first loops of the French pilot Pegu. (3) The elders said: “Be proud - a man flies like a bird!” (4) Many years later I saw Junkers over Madrid, over Paris, over Moscow...

(5) A machine can be good and evil. (6) Hitler turned the car into an instrument of destruction. (7) People looked at the sky with pride. (8) Hitler decided: they will look at the sky with horror. (9) People happily thought: we will go out of town in a car. (10) Hitler decided: when they heard the sound of the engine, people would run without looking back.

(11) But one day the time came for testing. (12) At first the Germans were triumphant. (13) Their tanks traveled all over Europe. (14) Caterpillars crushed France and left furrows in the fields of ancient Hellas. (15) The Junkers crippled the seemingly impregnable London. (16) And the Germans sent their cars to Russia - to the Caucasus mountains, to the rivers of Siberia. (17) This is where a hitch occurred: machines did not break the will of man. (18) In war there is a lot of grief, a lot of destruction, war is not the road to progress, war is a terrible test. (19) But there is also something high in war: it gives people wisdom. (20) This war brought humanity a great lesson: revenge of man.

(21) The Nazis tried to replace the heart of a soldier with a motor, and the soldier’s endurance with armor. (22) However, the Patriotic War proved the triumph of the human spirit.

(23)…Senior Lieutenant Bykov’s battery repelled a tank attack. (24) Rounding a birch grove, fifty tanks were approaching our battle formations. (25) “Don’t miss it!” - was Bykov’s team. (26) Already wounded, this man remained at his post. (27) And then the remains of twenty-six German tanks blackened on the battlefield. (28) According to the Germans, these tanks were supposed to reach India. (29) But they died. (30) At the birch grove...

(31) Or here are some more facts. (32) Ten Red Navy men destroyed twenty-three tanks with anti-tank guns. (33) Sailor Timokhin burned six tanks.

(34) And Sevastopol? (35) The epic defense of this city was a triumph of human courage, when a small, weak garrison, without airfields, almost without tanks, repelled the attacks of powerful enemy divisions and equipment for two hundred and fifty days.

(36) Yes, German tanks have long been imagined as a boa constrictor, before which Europe stood numb and trembled like an aspen leaf. (37) But people blocked their way. (38) Of course, we had excellent anti-tank guns. (39) Of course, our soldiers rightly call Simonov’s armor-piercing gun the “golden gun.” (40) But how can we forget about an ordinary grenade in the hand of a fearless fighter, which the enemy feared no less than a large projectile? (41) How can we forget about the mighty, courageous heart of a warrior?

(According to I. G. Ehrenburg*)

Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg (1891–1967) - Russian prose writer, poet, translator from French and Spanish, publicist, photographer and public figure.

Answer:

Among sentences 23−30, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a demonstrative pronoun and word forms. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

(1) When Leonardo da Vinci sat over the drawings of a flying machine, he thought not about high-explosive bombs, but about the happiness of mankind. (2) As a teenager, I saw the first loops of the French pilot Pegu. (3) The elders said: “Be proud - a man flies like a bird!” (4) Many years later I saw Junkers over Madrid, over Paris, over Moscow...

(5) A machine can be good and evil. (6) Hitler turned the car into an instrument of destruction. (7) People looked at the sky with pride. (8) Hitler decided: they will look at the sky with horror. (9) People happily thought: we will go out of town in a car. (10) Hitler decided: when they heard the sound of the engine, people would run without looking back.

(11) But one day the time came for testing. (12) At first the Germans were triumphant. (13) Their tanks traveled all over Europe. (14) Caterpillars crushed France and left furrows in the fields of ancient Hellas. (15) The Junkers crippled the seemingly impregnable London. (16) And the Germans sent their cars to Russia - to the Caucasus mountains, to the rivers of Siberia. (17) This is where a hitch occurred: machines did not break the will of man. (18) In war there is a lot of grief, a lot of destruction, war is not the road to progress, war is a terrible test. (19) But there is also something high in war: it gives people wisdom. (20) This war brought humanity a great lesson: revenge of man.

(21) The Nazis tried to replace the heart of a soldier with a motor, and the soldier’s endurance with armor. (22) However, the Patriotic War proved the triumph of the human spirit.

(23)…Senior Lieutenant Bykov’s battery repelled a tank attack. (24) Rounding a birch grove, fifty tanks were approaching our battle formations. (25) “Don’t miss it!” - was Bykov’s team. (26) Already wounded, this man remained at his post. (27) And then the remains of twenty-six German tanks blackened on the battlefield. (28) According to the Germans, these tanks were supposed to reach India. (29) But they died. (30) At the birch grove...

(31) Or here are some more facts. (32) Ten Red Navy men destroyed twenty-three tanks with anti-tank guns. (33) Sailor Timokhin burned six tanks.

(34) And Sevastopol? (35) The epic defense of this city was a triumph of human courage, when a small, weak garrison, without airfields, almost without tanks, repelled the attacks of powerful enemy divisions and equipment for two hundred and fifty days.

(36) Yes, German tanks have long been imagined as a boa constrictor, before which Europe stood numb and trembled like an aspen leaf. (37) But people blocked their way. (38) Of course, we had excellent anti-tank guns. (39) Of course, our soldiers rightly call Simonov’s armor-piercing gun the “golden gun.” (40) But how can we forget about an ordinary grenade in the hand of a fearless fighter, which the enemy feared no less than a large projectile? (41) How can we forget about the mighty, courageous heart of a warrior?

(According to I. G. Ehrenburg*)

Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg (1891–1967) - Russian prose writer, poet, translator from French and Spanish, publicist, photographer and public figure.

In turn, such lexical means as ________(B) (“triumphant”, “broken”, “courage”) and ________(D) (“fearless fighter”, “mighty heart of a warrior full of courage”), saturate the text with moderate patriotic pathos, thereby helping to express the author’s feelings.”

List of terms:

1) syntactic parallelism

2) contextual synonyms

3) personification

4) book vocabulary

5) epithets

6) phraseological units

7) rows of homogeneous members

8) antithesis

9) hyperbole

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

(1) When Leonardo da Vinci sat over the drawings of a flying machine, he thought not about high-explosive bombs, but about the happiness of mankind. (2) As a teenager, I saw the first loops of the French pilot Pegu. (3) The elders said: “Be proud - a man flies like a bird!” (4) Many years later I saw Junkers over Madrid, over Paris, over Moscow...

(5) A machine can be good and evil. (6) Hitler turned the car into an instrument of destruction. (7) People looked at the sky with pride. (8) Hitler decided: they will look at the sky with horror. (9) People happily thought: we will go out of town in a car. (10) Hitler decided: when they heard the sound of the engine, people would run without looking back.

(11) But one day the time came for testing. (12) At first the Germans were triumphant. (13) Their tanks traveled all over Europe. (14) Caterpillars crushed France and left furrows in the fields of ancient Hellas. (15) The Junkers crippled the seemingly impregnable London. (16) And the Germans sent their cars to Russia - to the Caucasus mountains, to the rivers of Siberia. (17) This is where a hitch occurred: machines did not break the will of man. (18) In war there is a lot of grief, a lot of destruction, war is not the road to progress, war is a terrible test. (19) But there is also something high in war: it gives people wisdom. (20) This war brought humanity a great lesson: revenge of man.

(21) The Nazis tried to replace the heart of a soldier with a motor, and the soldier’s endurance with armor. (22) However, the Patriotic War proved the triumph of the human spirit.

(23)…Senior Lieutenant Bykov’s battery repelled a tank attack. (24) Rounding a birch grove, fifty tanks were approaching our battle formations. (25) “Don’t miss it!” - was Bykov’s team. (26) Already wounded, this man remained at his post. (27) And then the remains of twenty-six German tanks blackened on the battlefield. (28) According to the Germans, these tanks were supposed to reach India. (29) But they died. (30) At the birch grove...

(31) Or here are some more facts. (32) Ten Red Navy men destroyed twenty-three tanks with anti-tank guns. (33) Sailor Timokhin burned six tanks.

(34) And Sevastopol? (35) The epic defense of this city was a triumph of human courage, when a small, weak garrison, without airfields, almost without tanks, repelled the attacks of powerful enemy divisions and equipment for two hundred and fifty days.

(36) Yes, German tanks have long been imagined as a boa constrictor, before which Europe stood numb and trembled like an aspen leaf. (37) But people blocked their way. (38) Of course, we had excellent anti-tank guns. (39) Of course, our soldiers rightly call Simonov’s armor-piercing gun the “golden gun.” (40) But how can we forget about an ordinary grenade in the hand of a fearless fighter, which the enemy feared no less than a large projectile? (41) How can we forget about the mighty, courageous heart of a warrior?

(According to I. G. Ehrenburg*)

Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg (1891–1967) - Russian prose writer, poet, translator from French and Spanish, publicist, photographer and public figure.

Answer:

Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting). Explain the meaning of each example and indicate the semantic connection between them.

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is graded 0 points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(1) When Leonardo da Vinci sat over the drawings of a flying machine, he thought not about high-explosive bombs, but about the happiness of mankind. (2) As a teenager, I saw the first loops of the French pilot Pegu. (3) The elders said: “Be proud - a man flies like a bird!” (4) Many years later I saw Junkers over Madrid, over Paris, over Moscow...

(5) A machine can be good and evil. (6) Hitler turned the car into an instrument of destruction. (7) People looked at the sky with pride. (8) Hitler decided: they will look at the sky with horror. (9) People happily thought: we will go out of town in a car. (10) Hitler decided: when they heard the sound of the engine, people would run without looking back.

(11) But one day the time came for testing. (12) At first the Germans were triumphant. (13) Their tanks traveled all over Europe. (14) Caterpillars crushed France and left furrows in the fields of ancient Hellas. (15) The Junkers crippled the seemingly impregnable London. (16) And the Germans sent their cars to Russia - to the Caucasus mountains, to the rivers of Siberia. (17) This is where a hitch occurred: machines did not break the will of man. (18) In war there is a lot of grief, a lot of destruction, war is not the road to progress, war is a terrible test. (19) But there is also something high in war: it gives people wisdom. (20) This war brought humanity a great lesson: revenge of man.

(21) The Nazis tried to replace the heart of a soldier with a motor, and the soldier’s endurance with armor. (22) However, the Patriotic War proved the triumph of the human spirit.

(23)…Senior Lieutenant Bykov’s battery repelled a tank attack. (24) Rounding a birch grove, fifty tanks were approaching our battle formations. (25) “Don’t miss it!” - was Bykov’s team. (26) Already wounded, this man remained at his post. (27) And then the remains of twenty-six German tanks blackened on the battlefield. (28) According to the Germans, these tanks were supposed to reach India. (29) But they died. (30) At the birch grove...

(31) Or here are some more facts. (32) Ten Red Navy men destroyed twenty-three tanks with anti-tank guns. (33) Sailor Timokhin burned six tanks.

(34) And Sevastopol? (35) The epic defense of this city was a triumph of human courage, when a small, weak garrison, without airfields, almost without tanks, repelled the attacks of powerful enemy divisions and equipment for two hundred and fifty days.

(36) Yes, German tanks have long been imagined as a boa constrictor, before which Europe stood numb and trembled like an aspen leaf. (37) But people blocked their way. (38) Of course, we had excellent anti-tank guns. (39) Of course, our soldiers rightly call Simonov’s armor-piercing gun the “golden gun.” (40) But how can we forget about an ordinary grenade in the hand of a fearless fighter, which the enemy feared no less than a large projectile? (41) How can we forget about the mighty, courageous heart of a warrior?

(According to I. G. Ehrenburg*)

Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg (1891–1967) - Russian prose writer, poet, translator from French and Spanish, publicist, photographer and public figure.

Solutions to long-answer tasks are not automatically checked.
The next page will ask you to check them yourself.

Complete testing, check answers, see solutions.

Madagascar is an independent state located on the island of the same name in the Indian Ocean. Its area is 578 thousand km 2. It ranks fourth in the ranking of the largest islands in the world. The population of Madagascar is about 24.2 million people. The capital of the state is the city of Antananarivo.

Historical information

Madagascar is one of the largest states located on the territory of one island. According to scientists, the settlement of these lands occurred during the early Middle Ages in Europe. Malagasy (as they call indigenous people Madagascar) had close cooperation with the Arab peoples and borrowed the Surabe alphabet from them. In 1500, Europeans learned about the island after Portuguese ships moored on its shores.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, a kingdom called Imerina was created on the territory of the current state. But in 1897 these lands were colonized by the French Empire. Between 1940 and 1943, the island came under British occupation and only in 1960 did it gain independence. Despite the liberation from the colonists, the population of Madagascar remained below the poverty line. All this happened due to the instability of the economic and political component of the country. Various military groups came to power and tried to maneuver between European states and the countries of the socialist camp during the period Cold War. At the end of this confrontation, the process of democratization began on the island of Madagascar.

Population

Today, more than 24 million people live in Madagascar, and according to some sources, this figure has already exceeded 25 million. Over the last century, population growth has increased 10 times. The main percentage of citizens are children and the younger generation of Malagasy, whose age does not exceed 20 years. There are 60% of them.

According to demographers, the number of females and males is almost the same, the difference in numbers is less than 100 thousand.

Interesting fact! Since the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, when the population of Madagascar was 600 thousand people, by 1900 it reached 2.5 million.

According to preliminary estimates, if the birth rate in the country increases at the same rapid pace as it is now, by 2100 the number of island citizens will increase to 70 million.

The population density of Madagascar (according to 2015 data) is 41.3 people. per km 2.

official languages

There are two official languages ​​in Madagascar: French and Malagasy. The first of them is a legacy of colonialism, but the second is considered indigenous. The Malagasy language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian group. During its existence, it combined dialects from Malay and Polynesian. It contains Arabic, Amharic and Creole words, and also borrows a lot from Swahili and Bantu.

Linguists studying the Malagasy language have found echoes of Sanskrit (the ancient language of the Hindus) in it, indicating that settlers from Malaysia and India arrived on the island more than 2,000 years ago.

The dialect of indigenous peoples is little studied. But since it has much in common with other languages ​​of the Malayo-Polynesian group, Malagasy can be understood by the inhabitants of Java and Sumatra, the Visayas and Tagalogs living in the Philippines.

Age indicator

The age composition of the population of Madagascar, according to 2015 data, looks something like this:

• children from 0 to 14 years old - more than 40%;
• young people from 15 to 24 years old - 20.53%;
• persons 25-54 years old - 31.56%;
• elderly people (55-64 years) - just over 4%;
• old people 65 and above - 3.22%.

Surprisingly, the birth rate is much higher than the death rate. According to statistics from 2015, per 1000 people there were 6.81 deaths and 32.61 births.

The island of Madagascar has a very high infant mortality rate, but this does not in any way affect the decline in the number of citizens of the country. The thing is that the state has a very high birth rate. Fertility is 5.1 children per woman. As a rule, urban families raise 2-3 children, but in rural areas, the number of children can reach 5 or more.

Religious preferences

The religious composition of the population of Madagascar is very diverse. The majority of the country's citizens follow the traditional indigenous religion. The main doctrine of ancestor cult is the connection between the realm of the dead and the living. Most adherents of this religious movement are found among the Imerina people.

In total, about 52% of the entire population of Madagascar believes in ancestor cults. They believe that all the souls of dead people join their forefathers and form a kind of “divine” hierarchy. This religion has a very strange ritual, which for Europeans will seem savage. The ritual ceremony (fimadikhana) involves “turning over the dead.” During the traditional ceremony, believers remove the bodies of the deceased and wrap them in a new silk sheet (shroud). During the festival, people have fun and dance. They may carry the dead in their arms during the ceremony, and then place them back in the crypt.

Madagascar's population is approximately 41% Christian. Most belong to the Roman Catholic Church. There are slightly fewer Protestant denominations on the island, including Lutherans, Adventists, Anglicans and others.

The rest of the country's citizens, which is 7%, are adherents of Islam. The teachings of the Koran are most widespread in west coast islands.

Racial composition of the population of Madagascar

The majority of the island's inhabitants are Malagasy. They make up 98% of the total population. Interestingly, the Malagasy are not a separate nation, but a collection of 20 ethnic groups. They all boil down to the Malay-Indonesian peoples. The indigenous population is divided into two subgroups:

• Mountain tribes. These include betzileu, merina, sihanaka, mikea and others.
• Coastal peoples. This group includes Antanusi, Sakalava, Antakarana, Betsemisaraka, Tsimikheti, Mahafali and others.

This division is due to the historical migration of people who arrived on the island. The settlement of Madagascar by Austronesians occurred between the 2nd and 5th centuries. They settled in areas of the central highlands. Years later, a second migration wave began, when residents of the eastern part of Africa, mainly belonging to the Bantu people, began to come to the island. These settlers settled on practically free lands in the coastal zone. According to some reports, the Bantus came to the island as a result of human trafficking.

But there are other equally interesting versions about the settlement of the island. Some scientists argue that the Negroid race was the first to arrive in Madagascar, and the migration of the Austronesians occurred much later.

Differences between indigenous ethnic groups

People who have lived in this country for a long time, and the indigenous inhabitants of the island, have perfectly learned to identify the differences between ethnic tribes. Among themselves, Malagasy people call each other “Gasi”. All ethnic groups have differences, although not too noticeable to visiting guests. They have different language dialects, types of housing, etc. They also differ in external features: skin color and face shape. Almost all groups have different greeting phrases.

The dialects and adverbs of the local population are unwritten. In educational institutions, the official state Malagasy language is used. It is spoken by more than 80% of the entire population.

Largest cities on the island

The largest and densely populated city Madagascar is the capital of the state of Antananarivo. According to 2010 data, about 1 million 688 thousand people lived in the territory of this metropolis. There are no other million-plus cities on the island.

• Toamasina. This city is located in the province of the same name and is its center. More than 225 thousand people lived here in 2010. Given the rapid demographic growth in the country, it can be assumed that this figure has increased significantly over 7 years. The city is washed by waters Indian Ocean and is considered one of the main ports of the country. Export goods are transported from here: spices (cloves, pepper, vanilla), coffee, graphite. And food products, textiles, equipment and machines for various purposes are delivered from other countries.
• Antsirabe. Today, this city has a population of up to 250 thousand. Since it is located in a hilly area, at an altitude of 1500 m above sea level, climatic conditions colder than in other regions. Antsirabe is famous for its warm springs and hot baths. Not far from the city there is another attraction - Lake Tritriva, which is of volcanic origin.

• Fianarantsoa. The location of the settlement is the province of the same name. According to 2010 data, 184 thousand people lived here. The main part of the city was built in the 20s of the last century. It is conventionally divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower city. There is a highway leading to the city of Ambucitroy (from the north) and to Ambalavao (from the south). Air service has also been established. In areas adjacent to the city they grow coffee beans, tomatoes, rice and tobacco. There are also numerous vineyards.
• Mahajanga. Locality, located in the gray-western part of the island. It is the main administrative unit in the district of the same name. The city's population is more than 166 thousand people (2010 data). Here it is sea ​​port, but since the depth in the harbor is not too great, small ships carrying cargo up to 150 tons come here. The most major commodity exported from Mahajanga is frozen shrimp. There is an airport in the city. Local beaches They are very picturesque and attract many tourists to these places.

IN last years Many people from rural areas move to live in cities, but their number is still larger. According to statistics, 30% of Malagasy are city dwellers, and the remaining 70% are inhabitants of the outback.

Every year the difference between fertility and mortality increases in favor of the former, due to which the population of Madagascar increases.

Description of the country's economy

The island's economy is a developing one. At the end of 2007, the state's GDP amounted to more than 18 billion US dollars, which brought the country to 116th position in the world ranking. Per capita income is one of the lowest (157th) at $1,068.

The main components of Madagascar's economy are agriculture, fishing and tourism. The country is an exporter of various spices and herbs, coffee, vanilla, and in cocoa, rice, granulated sugar, legumes, peanuts and bananas, it occupies a leading position in the world market.

Tourism in Madagascar is one of the country's main sources of income. Natural wealth contributes to attracting many people to this exotic corner. About 80% of the flora and fauna are considered endemic.

Slavery in the 21st century?

There are rumors that even now on the island some people are kept in slavery. Of course, it has slightly different forms than in ancient times, and does not have official status. Since a large number of people live below the poverty line, they have to borrow from wealthier fellow villagers or relatives. Unable to repay, they are forced to work off the loan they took out. At the same time, without receiving a penny for your work. Many young people and even children work for food and shelter. For many years, the population of Madagascar was poorly educated, but today the picture has changed significantly.

Education

Although Madagascar is a third world country, the standards of education here are very high. Primary school is the norm for Malagasy. The education reform launched by President Ratsiraka has contributed to an increase in the level of knowledge and the number of students. New ones were opening educational establishments, and primary education became compulsory.

About 35% of all children who complete the first stage move on to high school. And only 5% go to universities. All subjects are taught in the official Malagasy language. The Merina are considered the most educated ethnic group.

The ethnic formation of the peoples of Madagascar was carried out in the process of resettlement to the island, first of Africans and Asians, and later of traders from India and Portugal and French colonists. Today's indigenous population of Madagascar is the result of the assimilation of these peoples. The state of Madagascar is currently inhabited by 18 main ethnic groups - clans, the majority of the population is formed by Malagasy.

The official languages ​​of Madagascar are Malagasy (or Malagasy), English and French. About half of the population adheres to a religion based on the cult of ancestors and traditional for the area. About 40% of the country's inhabitants are Christians (Catholics and Protestants). Part of the population is trying to combine the religion of their ancestors with Christianity. A little less than 10% are Muslim.

The majority of Madagascar's population lives in rural areas, with less than a quarter of the country's population living in cities. The highest population density is in the central part of the island and on its east coast, average density is about 22 people. per sq. km.

The average life expectancy in the Republic of Madagascar is low - 56.5 years, so more than half of the island's population are young people under the age of 20; less than 4% survive to the age of 65. Population growth in the country is stable and amounts to about 3%.

Population size:
21,281,844 (July 2010 estimate)

Gender and age structure of the population:

0-14 years:
43.5% (Men 4,523,033/Women 4,460,473)

15-64 years:
53.5% (Men 5,483,684/Women 5,557,098)

65 years and older:
3% (Male 280,677/Female 348,591) (2010 est.)

Average (median) age:
General:
18.1 years

Men:
17.8 years

Women:
18.3 years (2010 est.)

Population growth/decrease rate:
2.993% (2010 estimate)

Fertility indicator (rate):
37.89 population births/1,000 (2010 est.)

Mortality rate (rate):
7.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Urbanization:
Urban population:
29% of total population (2008)

Urbanization indicator (coefficient):
3.8 Annual % change (2005-10)

Sex ratio:
At the time of birth:
1.03 men(s)/women

By age 15:
1.01 men(s)/women

15-64 years:
0.99 men(s)/women

65 years and older:
0.8 Men(s)/Women

In the general population:
0.99 men(s)/women (2010 est.)

Infant mortality rate (rate):

52.84 deaths/1,000 live births

Men:
57.69 deaths/1,000 live births

Women:
47.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth (average life expectancy):
In the general population:
63.26 years

Men:
61.27 years

Women:
65.3 years (2010 estimate)

General indicator (coefficient) of fertility (complete offspring of a woman during her childbearing period):
5.09 children born/woman (2010 est.)

HIV/AIDS prevalence rate among adults:
0.1% (2007 estimate)

Number of people living with HIV/AIDS:
14,000 (2007 estimate)

Number of people who have died from HIV/AIDS:
less than 1,000 (2007 estimate)

Nationality:
Malagasy, Malagasy

Official language:
Malagasy, English, French

Ethnic groups:
Antaifasi, Antaymypy, Antaysaka, Antambaxyaka, Antankarana, Antanysi, Antandryi, Bara, Betsiley, Betsimikapaka, Bezanuzanu, Bezu, Maxafali, Merina, Masumbiki, Sakalava, Sishanaka, Ta Nala, Tsimikheti

Religious composition of the population:
local beliefs 52%, Christians 41%, Muslims 7%

Linguistic composition of the population:
English (official), French (official), Malagasy (official)

Population literacy level:
Definition:
A person is 15 years of age and can read and write

In the general population:
68.9 %

Men:
75.5 %

Women:
62.5% (2003 estimate)

Expected duration of study (from primary to higher education):
10 years

Men:
10 years

Women:
10 years (2008)

State expenditures on education:
2.9% of GDP (2008)

Option No. 2217089

When completing tasks with a short answer, enter in the answer field the number that corresponds to the number of the correct answer, or a number, a word, a sequence of letters (words) or numbers. The answer should be written without spaces or any additional characters. The answers to tasks 1-26 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers).

If the option is specified by the teacher, you can enter or upload answers to tasks with a detailed answer into the system. The teacher will see the results of completing tasks with a short answer and will be able to evaluate the downloaded answers to tasks with a long answer. The scores assigned by the teacher will appear in your statistics. The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Specify the number of pre-positions, in which it is correct to transfer to the MAIN information, co-holding -I'm in the text. Write down the number of these proposals.

1) The root of the souls of the dead, at night they return into the world of the living and bringing misfortune and death.

2) Europeans, having met on Ma-da-ga-ska-re living ones with luminous eyes in the dark, they were called le-mu-ra-mi, and the name stuck.

3) The Europeans who fell on Ma-da-ga-skar in the 16th century met there for the first time harmless animals from a long distance -mi pu-shi-sty-mi tails-sta-mi, chain-ki-mi la-pa-mi and huge-mi eyes-behind-mi - le-mur-ditch, or “poppies”, as they call them na-zy-va-li abo-ri-gen-ny.

4) Root-to-the-se-le-nie Ma-da-ga-ska-ra calls for the cat-sha-whose le-moirs - animals with huge the light in the dark behind the eyes - the word “poppies”.

5) Having arrived at Ma-da-ga-skar in the 16th century, the Europeans met there le-moors, harmless animals with long pu-shi-sty-mi tail-sta-mi, chain-ki-mi la-pa-mi and huge-mi eyes behind-mi, which local residents are on- call me "poppies".

Answer:

Which of the following words (co-words) should be in the place of the pass in the third clause?

Thus

Fortunately,

Because the

That's why

Answer:

About the fragment of the vocabulary article, which contains the meaning of the word OWN. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. You write a number that corresponds to this meaning in the given fragment of the vocabulary article.

OWN, oh, oh.

1. Lying above someone. by right of ownership. S. house.

2. Your own, personal. See your own eyes behind you. In your own hands. Sense of self-worth(feeling of self-respect). According to his own opinion.

3. Living in a non-middle-of-mind, position, subordinate to someone. S. cor-respondent.

4. Literal, real. V. own meaning of the word.

5. Peculiar only to someone, without any additional additions (special). C. body weight.

6. actually, introductory. More precisely, in essence. Actually, I don’t argue.

7. actually, part. You are limited: without something, something else, something else. The Volga system is made up of the Volga and its tributaries.

Answer:

In one of the words given below, there is a mistake in the stan-nov-ke of the de-re-tion: INCORRECT you are on the letter, denoting cha-yu-shchaya stressed vowel sound. You-pi-shi-te this word.

pro-iz-ve-den

obituary

about-li-las

Answer:

One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

In the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, the RESCUE operation of the Ministry of Emergency Situations to remove ships from ice captivity has ended.

Rosa Lvovna rose from her chair and walked towards the door with a ROYAL gait.

Lesha dressed his little sister, and they went to meet dad from work.

The estate was surrounded by a high STONE fence.

During the year, the production development plan underwent significant changes.

Answer:

In one of the words below, there is an error in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word right.

according to THEIR own

in TWO THOUSAND fifth year

KRA-SI-VEI-SHY drink

PRO-PO-LO-SCHI underwear

pair BO-TI-NOK

Answer:

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Answer:

Define the word in which about the unstressed unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.

rest...lie

parade..ksal-ny

bending

subtract

Answer:

Define a series in which both words have the same letter. You write these words by inserting a letter.

not..pretty, in..plump (of light);

pr..attract, pr..sit;

counter..gra, rise..play;

in..travel (visa), premiere;

from..move, come..lie down.

Answer:

You write a word, in which the letter I is written in place of the letter I.

satisfy

otvo..vav

elbow..howl

ugly

cheap..nice

Answer:

You write a word, in which the letter U is written in place of the letter U.

laugh..t (they)

hear..t (they)

Answer:

Definition of a sentence in which NOT is written with the word COLLECTED. Open the brackets and write this word.

Ivan Ivanovich listened to his son with a tense and (in)incomprehensibly smile.

The topic of co-chi-not-revelation (not) revealed.

Yes, there is a (not) clear plan for the development of the production of cri-ti-to-va-li in the ministry.

This place is (not) for-nya.

No (un)needed information.

Answer:

Definition of a sentence in which both of your words are written together. Open the brackets and write these two words.

Water Bai-ka-la! The sun quietly sank behind the mountains, threw out a farewell green ray, and Baikal immediately returned to yourself some tender greenery.

Mu-zy-ka Sho-pe-na be-re-di-la vo-po-mi-na-niya. Its sounds, JUST like in childhood, made my throat choke and I wanted people to be happy.

Andrei Rublev was (PO)IS-TI-NOT you-y-y-y-s-master of ancient-Russian life-in-pi-si, about-la-da-yu- such a very creative ma-not-roy. However, not much is known about him: (FROM) THAT distant time only a mi-ni-a-ty-ra has been preserved, for some -the swarm is sealed by the hu-dozh-nick.

If only the nature of the SAME (SAME) could feel gratitude towards a person (FOR) THAT he penetrated into her life, exalted and sang it, this gratitude would fall to the lot of Pri-shvin.

SO that you can call from Russia to Europe via mobile phone, you must spend at least five hundred rubles.

Answer:

Indicate all the numbers, in place of which NN is written.

De-lav-shie for-mas-ki-ro-va (1) search for robbery for only what was in the table, other boo-ma-gi left (2) s so-top-she (3) about not-tro-well-you-mi.

Answer:

Place pre-pi-na-niya signs. Indicate the number of prepositions in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) In the 15th century, they used both heavy cannons for the siege of fortresses and light guns in field battles.

2) The word expresses thoughts and can serve to unite and separate people.

3) Mi-ke-lan-je-lo depicted people with a mighty body and a strong will, brave and untamed, calm and determined tel-nykh.

4) In the lu-ka-mischievous and unusually-ven-but-ly-rich voice of the Russian ba-la-lay-ki, you hear a sko-mo- Ro-shya prowess of the first mu-zy-kan-tov in Rus'.

5) Due to the current situation after the revolution, Kup-rin found himself in emigration and for almost twenty years passionately - come back to Russia.

Answer:

When the village (1) located in the valley (2) was covered by a wide, cool shadow from the mountain (3) covered with a roof west (4) people gathered at the white old church.

Answer:

Arrange all the not-to-one-hundred signs of pre-pi-na-tion: indicate the number(s), in place of which one(s) in the sentence there should be one hundredth place(s).

Ag-ro-but-we often use certain qualities of living organisms for our own purposes. So (1) for example (2) in agriculture, some types of organic matter serve to protect the crop from harm the actions of others (3) that is (4) are their own biological guardians.

Answer:

Arrange all the signs of pre-pi-na-niya: indicate the number(s), in place of which one(s) in the sentence there should be one hundredth place(s).

To catch pro-pteras, the inhabitants of Su-da-na use a special ba-ra-ban (1) with the help of (2) some (3) sounds (4) raindrops.

Answer:

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

At sunset it began to rain (1) which immediately dispelled the stuffiness that had accumulated in the air (2) and (3) while it made a loud and monotonous noise in the garden around the house (4) the sweet freshness of wet greenery came through the open windows in the hall.

Answer:

Which of your sayings correspond to the text? Specify the number from the ve-tov.

1) The appearance of the country, the face of the country should be the subject of concern for the state.

2) The landscape, the landscape of the country are absolutely not dependent on the person’s idea of ​​beauty.

3) The economic activity of a person largely determines the landscape and landscape of the country.

4) The landscape of the country tells a lot about the relationship between society and man, nature.

5) It’s not possible to create a department to protect the external appearance of the land.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

* Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin

Option 4.

Answer:

Which of the following statements are true? Specify the number from the ve-tov.

Indicate the numbers in order of origin.

1) In sentences 1-4 there is a presentation of judgment and description.

2).

3) Sentences of 8-10 elements of judgment.

4) Sentence 17 contains an explanation of the statement in sentence 16 of the judgment.

5) In sentences 13-14 there is a description.

(1) Just as an artist creates a landscape painting, so an entire people gradually, involuntarily, perhaps even, stroke by stroke over the course of centuries, creates the landscape and landscape of their country.

(2) The face of old, pre-revolutionary Russia was determined, for example, to a large extent by those hundreds of thousands of churches and bell towers that were located throughout its expanses in predominantly elevated places and which determined the silhouette of each city - from the largest to the smallest, as well as hundreds monasteries, countless wind and water mills. (3) Tens of thousands of landowner estates with their parks and pond systems also contributed a considerable share to the landscape and landscape of the country. (4) But, of course, first of all, small villages and hamlets with willows, wells, sheds, bathhouses, paths, gardens, vegetable gardens, pledges, spinning wheels, carved frames, skates, porches, fairs, sundresses, round dances, mowing, shepherd's horns, sickles, flails, thatched roofs, small individual fields, horses plowing... (5) The face of the country changed when all these factors determining the landscape disappeared.

(6) Just as a landscape artist puts a piece of his soul into his creation and creates a landscape, essentially speaking, in his own image and likeness, so the soul of the people and the idea of ​​beauty that is in the soul is invested in the landscape of any country. this or that people lives.

(7) It is bad if the soul is asleep, if it is distracted, drowned out by side circumstances, interests, noise, self-interest or other considerations, if it is dead or, more precisely, in lethargy. (8) Then spirituality leaves the landscape. (9) The landscape remains a landscape, but it seems to be emptying, the form remains in the absence of content, it emanates coldness, alienation, indifference and, precisely, emptiness. (10) It becomes indifferent to an individual and an entire nation: what will it look like? (11) What will the house, village, river, valley, hills, and country as a whole look like? (12) What will the face of the country be like?

(13) There are departments for the development and extraction of mineral resources, for road construction, for agriculture, for electrification, for light, heavy and automotive industries, but there is no department for appearance country (earth), in terms of its neatness, tidiness, spirituality... (14) We think about the strength of structures, the character and volume earthworks, about the amount of wood, about centners and tons, about cubic meters and square meters, but we don’t think about what it will look like? (15) How it will look not only on its own, but in combination with the surroundings, with the terrain, in accordance with traditions and with projection into the future.

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of a given society.

(17) trashed forest, rutted roads with stuck cars, shallow rivers, green meadows striped by tractor tracks, half-abandoned villages, agricultural machines rusting under open air, standard houses, fields infested with weeds, speak about the residents of this or that village, this or that area no less than an unsightly and neglected apartment about its residents.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

* Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin(1924-1997), poet, prose writer. Thinking about modern man, V. Soloukhin highlighted the problems of his interaction with the earth, nature, culture, and heritage of the past.

Source of text: Unified State Exam 2013. Russian language: training tasks / I.P. Tsybulko, S.I. Lvova - M.: Eksmo, 2012. - 136 pages.

Option 4.

Answer:

From pre-lo-zhe-niya 7 you-pi-shi-those terms.

(1) Just as an artist creates a landscape painting, so an entire people gradually, involuntarily, perhaps even, stroke by stroke over the course of centuries, creates the landscape and landscape of their country.

(2) The face of old, pre-revolutionary Russia was determined, for example, to a large extent by those hundreds of thousands of churches and bell towers that were located throughout its expanses in predominantly elevated places and which determined the silhouette of each city - from the largest to the smallest, as well as hundreds monasteries, countless wind and water mills. (3) Tens of thousands of landowner estates with their parks and pond systems also contributed a considerable share to the landscape and landscape of the country. (4) But, of course, first of all, small villages and hamlets with willows, wells, sheds, bathhouses, paths, gardens, vegetable gardens, pledges, spinning wheels, carved frames, skates, porches, fairs, sundresses, round dances, mowing, shepherd's horns, sickles, flails, thatched roofs, small individual fields, horses plowing... (5) The face of the country changed when all these factors determining the landscape disappeared.

(6) Just as a landscape artist puts a piece of his soul into his creation and creates a landscape, essentially speaking, in his own image and likeness, so the soul of the people and the idea of ​​beauty that is in the soul is invested in the landscape of any country. this or that people lives.

(7) It is bad if the soul is asleep, if it is distracted, drowned out by side circumstances, interests, noise, self-interest or other considerations, if it is dead or, more precisely, in lethargy. (8) Then spirituality leaves the landscape. (9) The landscape remains a landscape, but it seems to be emptying, the form remains in the absence of content, it emanates coldness, alienation, indifference and, precisely, emptiness. (10) It becomes indifferent to an individual and an entire nation: what will it look like? (11) What will the house, village, river, valley, hills, and country as a whole look like? (12) What will the face of the country be like?

(13) There are departments for the development and extraction of mineral resources, for road construction, for agriculture, for electrification, for light, heavy and automotive industries, but there is no department for the appearance of the country (land), for its neatness, tidiness, spirituality.. (14) We think about the strength of structures, about the nature and volume of excavation work, about the amount of wood, about centners and tons, about cubic meters and square meters, but we don’t think about what it will look like? (15) How it will look not only on its own, but in combination with the surroundings, with the terrain, in accordance with traditions and with projection into the future.

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of a given society.

(17) trashed forest, rutted roads with bogged cars, shallow rivers, green meadows striped by tractor tracks, half-abandoned villages, agricultural machines rusting in the open air, standard houses, fields infested with weeds, speak of the inhabitants of this or that village, this or that another area is no less than an unsightly and neglected apartment about its residents.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

* Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin(1924-1997), poet, prose writer. Reflecting on modern man, V. Soloukhin highlighted the problems of his interaction with the earth, nature, culture, and the heritage of the past.

Source of text: Unified State Exam 2013. Russian language: training tasks / I.P. Tsybulko, S.I. Lvova - M.: Eksmo, 2012. - 136 pages.

Option 4.

Answer:

Among sentences 1-5, find one(s) that is connected with the previous one(s) with the help of -schi define-de-li-tel-no-go and indicate-for-tel-no-go-place-names. Write the number(s) of this proposal(s).

(1) Just as an artist creates a landscape painting, so an entire people gradually, involuntarily, perhaps even, stroke by stroke over the course of centuries, creates the landscape and landscape of their country.

(2) The face of old, pre-revolutionary Russia was determined, for example, to a large extent by those hundreds of thousands of churches and bell towers that were located throughout its expanses in predominantly elevated places and which determined the silhouette of each city - from the largest to the smallest, as well as hundreds monasteries, countless wind and water mills. (3) Tens of thousands of landowner estates with their parks and pond systems also contributed a considerable share to the landscape and landscape of the country. (4) But, of course, first of all, small villages and hamlets with willows, wells, sheds, bathhouses, paths, gardens, vegetable gardens, pledges, spinning wheels, carved frames, skates, porches, fairs, sundresses, round dances, mowing, shepherd's horns, sickles, flails, thatched roofs, small individual fields, horses plowing... (5) The face of the country changed when all these factors determining the landscape disappeared.

(6) Just as a landscape artist puts a piece of his soul into his creation and creates a landscape, essentially speaking, in his own image and likeness, so the soul of the people and the idea of ​​beauty that is in the soul is invested in the landscape of any country. this or that people lives.

(7) It is bad if the soul is asleep, if it is distracted, drowned out by side circumstances, interests, noise, self-interest or other considerations, if it is dead or, more precisely, in lethargy. (8) Then spirituality leaves the landscape. (9) The landscape remains a landscape, but it seems to be emptying, the form remains in the absence of content, it emanates coldness, alienation, indifference and, precisely, emptiness. (10) It becomes indifferent to an individual and an entire nation: what will it look like? (11) What will the house, village, river, valley, hills, and country as a whole look like? (12) What will the face of the country be like?

(13) There are departments for the development and extraction of mineral resources, for road construction, for agriculture, for electrification, for light, heavy and automotive industries, but there is no department for the appearance of the country (land), for its neatness, tidiness, spirituality.. (14) We think about the strength of structures, about the nature and volume of excavation work, about the amount of wood, about centners and tons, about cubic meters and square meters, but we don’t think about what it will look like? (15) How it will look not only on its own, but in combination with the surroundings, with the terrain, in accordance with traditions and with projection into the future.

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of a given society.

(17) trashed forest, rutted roads with bogged cars, shallow rivers, green meadows striped by tractor tracks, half-abandoned villages, agricultural machines rusting in the open air, standard houses, fields infested with weeds, speak of the inhabitants of this or that village, this or that another area is no less than an unsightly and neglected apartment about its residents.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

* Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin(1924-1997), poet, prose writer. Reflecting on modern man, V. Soloukhin highlighted the problems of his interaction with the earth, nature, culture, and the heritage of the past.

Source of text: Unified State Exam 2013. Russian language: training tasks / I.P. Tsybulko, S.I. Lvova - M.: Eksmo, 2012. - 136 pages.

Option 4.

Answer:

Pro-chi-tai-te fragment-ment of re-cen-zii. It contains a variety of languages, special-ben-no-sti texts. Some terms used in the review are discussed. Insert in the places of the blanks the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list.

“Dedicating the text to the creation of the landscape and landscape of the country, V. So-lo-ukhin already in the first pre-lo-zhe- nii, using a technique such as (A)_____, compares the work of the rain over the landscape with the creation -I don’t eat the landscape as a whole whole house. The same technique is repeated in the sixth sentence. Using multiple (B)_____ (prepositions 4, 7, 14, 17), the author tries to describe it more accurately or other phenomenon. The key to understanding the problem, put by the author, is in the sentences 7-12. (B)_____ (“the soul is sleeping, it is dead”) in the 7th sentence makes the reader take a new look for the usual things. The text is about the author's nickname in no way about us. An unequal-spirited attitude towards what the author writes about, the emphasis is exactly correct, for example, “neatness, neatness, spirituality”, as well as (G)_____ (“of course”, “first of all”).”

Spi-juk ter-mi-nov:

1) comparative turn-mouth

2) whether or not

3) contextual an-to-none-we

4) ranks of one-kin members

5) oli-tse-tvo-re-nie

6) co-creation

7) introductory words and constructions

8) simple-sto-river lek-si-ka

9) ri-to-ri-che-skoe-ra-sche-nie

Write down the numbers in response, placing them in a row, corresponding to the letter for you:

(1) Just as an artist creates a landscape painting, so an entire people gradually, involuntarily, perhaps even, stroke by stroke over the course of centuries, creates the landscape and landscape of their country.

(2) The face of old, pre-revolutionary Russia was determined, for example, to a large extent by those hundreds of thousands of churches and bell towers that were located throughout its expanses in predominantly elevated places and which determined the silhouette of each city - from the largest to the smallest, as well as hundreds monasteries, countless wind and water mills. (3) Tens of thousands of landowner estates with their parks and pond systems also contributed a considerable share to the landscape and landscape of the country. (4) But, of course, first of all, small villages and hamlets with willows, wells, sheds, bathhouses, paths, gardens, vegetable gardens, pledges, spinning wheels, carved frames, skates, porches, fairs, sundresses, round dances, mowing, shepherd's horns, sickles, flails, thatched roofs, small individual fields, horses plowing... (5) The face of the country changed when all these factors determining the landscape disappeared.

(6) Just as a landscape artist puts a piece of his soul into his creation and creates a landscape, essentially speaking, in his own image and likeness, so the soul of the people and the idea of ​​beauty that is in the soul is invested in the landscape of any country. this or that people lives.

(7) It is bad if the soul is asleep, if it is distracted, drowned out by side circumstances, interests, noise, self-interest or other considerations, if it is dead or, more precisely, in lethargy. (8) Then spirituality leaves the landscape. (9) The landscape remains a landscape, but it seems to be emptying, the form remains in the absence of content, it emanates coldness, alienation, indifference and, precisely, emptiness. (10) It becomes indifferent to an individual and an entire nation: what will it look like? (11) What will the house, village, river, valley, hills, and country as a whole look like? (12) What will the face of the country be like?

(13) There are departments for the development and extraction of mineral resources, for road construction, for agriculture, for electrification, for light, heavy and automotive industries, but there is no department for the appearance of the country (land), for its neatness, tidiness, spirituality.. (14) We think about the strength of structures, about the nature and volume of excavation work, about the amount of wood, about centners and tons, about cubic meters and square meters, but we don’t think about what it will look like? (15) How it will look not only on its own, but in combination with the surroundings, with the terrain, in accordance with traditions and with projection into the future.

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of a given society.

(17) trashed forest, rutted roads with bogged cars, shallow rivers, green meadows striped by tractor tracks, half-abandoned villages, agricultural machines rusting in the open air, standard houses, fields infested with weeds, speak of the inhabitants of this or that village, this or that another area is no less than an unsightly and neglected apartment about its residents.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

* Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin(1924-1997), poet, prose writer. Reflecting on modern man, V. Soloukhin highlighted the problems of his interaction with the earth, nature, culture, and the heritage of the past.

Source of text: Unified State Exam 2013. Russian language: training tasks / I.P. Tsybulko, S.I. Lvova - M.: Eksmo, 2012. - 136 pages.

Option 4.

Answer:

Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting). Explain the meaning of each example and indicate the semantic connection between them.

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is graded 0 points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(1) Just as an artist creates a landscape painting, so an entire people gradually, involuntarily, perhaps even, stroke by stroke over the course of centuries, creates the landscape and landscape of their country.

(2) The face of old, pre-revolutionary Russia was determined, for example, to a large extent by those hundreds of thousands of churches and bell towers that were located throughout its expanses in predominantly elevated places and which determined the silhouette of each city - from the largest to the smallest, as well as hundreds monasteries, countless wind and water mills. (3) Tens of thousands of landowner estates with their parks and pond systems also contributed a considerable share to the landscape and landscape of the country. (4) But, of course, first of all, small villages and hamlets with willows, wells, sheds, bathhouses, paths, gardens, vegetable gardens, pledges, spinning wheels, carved frames, skates, porches, fairs, sundresses, round dances, mowing, shepherd's horns, sickles, flails, thatched roofs, small individual fields, horses plowing... (5) The face of the country changed when all these factors determining the landscape disappeared.

(6) Just as a landscape artist puts a piece of his soul into his creation and creates a landscape, essentially speaking, in his own image and likeness, so the soul of the people and the idea of ​​beauty that is in the soul is invested in the landscape of any country. this or that people lives.

(7) It is bad if the soul is asleep, if it is distracted, drowned out by side circumstances, interests, noise, self-interest or other considerations, if it is dead or, more precisely, in lethargy. (8) Then spirituality leaves the landscape. (9) The landscape remains a landscape, but it seems to be emptying, the form remains in the absence of content, it emanates coldness, alienation, indifference and, precisely, emptiness. (10) It becomes indifferent to an individual and an entire nation: what will it look like? (11) What will the house, village, river, valley, hills, and country as a whole look like? (12) What will the face of the country be like?

(13) There are departments for the development and extraction of mineral resources, for road construction, for agriculture, for electrification, for light, heavy and automotive industries, but there is no department for the appearance of the country (land), for its neatness, tidiness, spirituality.. (14) We think about the strength of structures, about the nature and volume of excavation work, about the amount of wood, about centners and tons, about cubic meters and square meters, but we don’t think about what it will look like? (15) How it will look not only on its own, but in combination with the surroundings, with the terrain, in accordance with traditions and with projection into the future.

(16) The landscape in all its complexity and totality is not just the face of the earth, the face of the country, but also the face of a given society.

(17) trashed forest, rutted roads with bogged cars, shallow rivers, green meadows striped by tractor tracks, half-abandoned villages, agricultural machines rusting in the open air, standard houses, fields infested with weeds, speak of the inhabitants of this or that village, this or that another area is no less than an unsightly and neglected apartment about its residents.