L 410 aircraft 2417 full number. How it's made, how it works, how it works
The L 410 UVP-E20 / L 420, which is the latest and most modern successor to the renowned L 410 series aircraft, is a well-proven 19-seat turboprop small passenger aircraft with excellent technical parameters and operational reliability, ease of operation and simple technical service.
My first acquaintance with this aircraft took place in Kamchatka. It was very actively used on local airlines. He also flew to the Commander Islands. More on this separately. Childhood....
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common types
The L 420 aircraft, which is an FAA certified variant of the L 410 UVP-E20
At the beginning of 2010, there were 69 L-410s in the Russian Civil Aviation register, 12 of them were in operation. In 2009, Aircraft Industries delivered 4 L-410s to Russia: two for the Sasovo Flight School civil aviation and two for private clients. In 2010, three L-410s were purchased by the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka Aviation Enterprise. The Czech company is currently manufacturing aircraft to order Russian Ministry defense
A small trunk, like all twin-engine cars. There may also be a weather radar antenna and other goodies here.
The prototype of the engine standing here was the same ageless PT-6A
Engines
Manufacturer GE Aviation Czech s.r.o.
Model M 601-E (L 410) / M 601-F (L 420)
Maximum take-off power 560 kW - 751 SHP (L 410) / 580 kW - 751 SHP (L 420)
Maximum continuous power 490 kW - 657 SHP
Propellers
Manufacturer: Avia Propeller
Model V 510
Number of blades 5
Time between overhauls 3,000 flight hours
The American engine company GE Aviation announced the signing of a five-year contract for the supply of M601 and H80 engines to the Czech aircraft manufacturer Aircraft Industries. These engines will be supplied for the L-410-UVP-E20 turboprop aircraft assembled in the Czech city of Kunovice. The Czech company expects production of this 19-seat twin-engine aircraft for local airlines to exceed 10 units per year in the coming years.
M601s are already used on the L-410. The H80 engine is an improved modification that will allow the aircraft to operate in hotter conditions and at higher altitudes. Aircraft Industries plans to certify the L-410 with the new engine in mid-2012. After that, owners of versions of the aircraft with the previous power plant will be offered re-engining to the H80.
bow strut
main post
Windshield
What always amazed me about this plane was the windshield. Externally it looks like an armored car.
We climbed inside, it’s interesting, but this option for opening the door is most likely not suitable for dropping paratroopers? And who will let them, parachutists, into such a salon :-)))
Here is the salon. In my opinion, it is much more comfortable than the cabin of many business jets. There is nothing hanging over your heads here.
Now let's go into the cockpit:
Radio navigation and radio communications equipment
Flight parameters display 2 sets
AHC-1000A, position and heading computer 2 sets
Air signal computer 2 sets
NAV/COM/GPS 2 sets
MKR 1 set
ADF 1 set
AHRS position and heading system 2 sets
DME 2 sets
Intercom and local public address system 2 sets
Repeater I 1 set
Repeater II 1 set
Flight information recorder 1 set
Emergency beacon 1 set
Cockpit voice recorder 1 set
Weather radar 1 set
EGPWS 1 set
AMS2000 1 set
Sneak on workplace The pilot needs it not between the seats as usual, but along the edges of the cabin. This effectively makes it impossible for one person to fly the plane. Not everything can be reached from one of the chairs.
Instrumentation
Airspeed indicator - reserve 1 set
Barometric altimeter - backup 1 set
Artificial horizon reserve 1 set
Magnetic compass 1 set
Torque indicator 2 sets
Gas generator speed indicator 2 sets
Propeller speed indicator 2 sets
Temperature indicator between turbines 2 sets
Three-dot indicator 2 sets
Fuel quantity indicator (main tank) 2 sets
Fuel gauge (wing tank) 2 sets
Flow meter indicator 2 sets
Outside temperature indicator 1 set
Double air temperature indicator 1 set
Watch 2 sets
larger
top panel
Possible additional options:
HF Transceiver
TCAS II
Autopilot
It’s always a mystery to me, why not install the same autopilot on such planes right away?
central panel
place of kvass
helm
general view, this is where they squeeze through
2nd pilot's workplace
and now some flights from Bolshoi Gryzlovo
Airplanes are used mainly to drop paratroopers. They also have a couple of blisters on the sides.
Come on, here you can look at the L410 in comparison with our An-28 (it’s a little behind)
will they fly like that? :-)) And the black at the tail, is this to prevent paratroopers hitting the tail from dirtying the fuselage?
takeoff
separation at the very end
planting in the grass
still landing
Modifications:
L-410 prototype, three built.
L-410A first series with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 engines.
L-410AB version with four-blade propellers.
L-410AF aerial photography version for Hungary.
L-410AG with modified equipment was not built.
L-410AS test aircraft, delivered to the USSR. five built
L-410M second series with Walter M601A engine.
L-410AM version with improved M601B, also known as L-410MA or L-410MU.
L-410UVP third series, thoroughly modernized. Increased wingspan by 0.80 m, M601B engine, higher mounted horizontal stabilizer. UVP variants have short takeoff and landing properties (UVP=UVP in Russian is short takeoff and landing).
L-410UVP-S VIP cabin version with a door that flips up (like on our plane)
The L-410UVP-E aircraft is equipped with M601E engines, five-blade propellers, and additional wingtip fuel tanks. The L 410 UVP-E20 variant is this aircraft type certified to FAR 23 (Amendment 34) and type certified in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Indonesia, the Philippines, Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Cuba and Chile. Following the introduction of new European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) regulations, the aircraft also received a full type certificate valid in all EU countries (EASA).
L-410FG Photogrammetry version based on L-410UVP
L-410T UVP transport variant with a large cargo door (1.25 m × 1.46 m), can carry 6 stretchers, like a medical plane plus a doctor or 12 paratroopers. Or 1000 kg of cargo in containers.
L-420 upgrade L-410UVP-E - new M601F engines, Let-420 US FAA certified version of L 410 UVP-E20.
L-410 has been produced since 1969; Currently, according to the manufacturer, there are more than 540 aircraft in operation. Since 2008, 51% of the shares of Aircraft Industries, formerly known as LET Kunovice, have been owned by the Russian Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (UMMC).
Dimensions
External
Wingspan 19.98 m
Length 14.42 m
Height 5.83 m
Domestic
Max. cabin width 1.96 m
Max. cabin height 1.66 m
Passenger compartment volume 17.90 m3
Number of passengers 17/19 seats
Passenger door dimensions 0.8 x 1.46 m
Cargo door dimensions 1.25 x 1.46 m
Weight
Max. take-off weight 6,600 kg
Max. landing weight 6,400 kg
Max. weight without fuel 6,000 kg
Power
Maximum cruising speed 386 km/h TAS 208 kTAS
Maximum flight range (ISA, 45 min reserve) 1,400 km
Cruising altitude 4,200 m
Maximum operating altitude 6,100 m
Takeoff distance up to 35 feet
ISA, SL, MTOW 565 m
ISA+15°C, SL, MTOW 655 m
Landing distance from 50 feet
ISA, SL, MLDW 503 m
ISA+15°C, SL, MLDW 520 m
Single Engine Ceiling (ISA, 95% MTOW, 50 fpm climb rate 4,380 m
Rate of climb ratio at S/L both engines 6.6 m/s
Rate of climb ratio at S/L single engine 1.7 m/s
Powerplant - 2 x Walter M610E turboprop,
AVIA 5-blade propeller (V510)
Max. takeoff power 560 kW 751 hp
Max. continuous power 490 kW 657 hp
Crew 2 pilots
Among them is the Let L-410 aircraft. This is a versatile aircraft with two engines. It is used at short distances. There are only 19 seats in the cabin. It was developed at the Czech factory Let.
Turbolet Let L-410 is the full name of this aircraft. It is convenient in that it can be placed on the most different types sites and runways - unpaved, snowy or not very long. It is used in military and civilian transport.
In the 60s last century In the USSR, the creation of a new type of aircraft that would be used on domestic and short routes was discussed. The first developments have begun at the Beriev Design Bureau. This is how the type appeared Be-30. At the same time, they began to design such a model in the Czech SSR.
The aircraft had to be economical, so they considered using turboprop engines rather than jet engines.
In 1969 the first tests of Czech aircraft. They used American engines. By the end of the 60s was produced 31 aircraft.
In 1974 L-410M with Czech engines was presented. Five years later, a new, improved modification of this aircraft was released - L-410UVP. It differed from the previous ones in its elongated fuselage, large wings, and vertical tail.
It was certified in the USSR and began to be used
Other modifications to this model were also made. They have Takeoff and landing performance was improved and cabin noise was reduced.
The cockpit of the Let L-410.
Now they are used in flight schools for training in preparation for long-distance flights or military transportation.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, attempts were made to restore the operation of the Let plant. Demand for the L-410 fell and production was slowed. The popularity of this model also decreased because the number of its participation increased. Total 106 cars was lost in this way with the total number of victims 406 people.
In 2013 The Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company bought a full stake in the plant, so three years later they decided to produce this aircraft again.
Technical characteristics of the L-410 aircraft
Its aerodynamic design is classical. It is a high-wing aircraft with two turboprop engines. Its tail unit is single-finned.
You can see a photo of the Let L-410 aircraft below.
The length of L-410 reaches 14.4 meters. Wingspan - 20 m. Aircraft height - 8 m. Its maximum take-off weight is 6,600 kg, and landing - 6,400 kg. Empty aircraft weight - 4,150 kg.
It can fly routes with a range up to 1,540 km, and with maximum load - up to 1,040 km. Its cruising speed is 310 km/h, and the maximum is 400 km/h.
The L-410 is flown by two pilots. The salon can fit from 15 to 19(the exact quantity depends on the modification).
Modifications of L-410
One of these types is L-410UVP. The last three letters indicate one of the characteristics of the L-410 aircraft of this modification - “short takeoff and landing”. This is a short-haul aircraft. He soared into the sky in 1976 first time. It was equipped with Soviet-Czech avionics.
The second common model is L-410NG. He has installed integral wing tanks. This made it possible to increase the capacity of the fuel system, which in turn influenced for flight range.
The engines develop more power, and the cockpit is equipped with avionics to new standards. The volume of the front luggage compartment has also been increased.
By 2017, they want to put this modification into mass production again.
L-410 UVP-E20 - a universal twin-engine aircraft of Czech production for local air lines, accommodating 19 passengers. Designed for operation on unprepared dirt, grass, snow areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an “off-road” aircraft.
The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was Soviet Union. In addition, the L-410 was also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, and Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and during its long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation around the world.
Production site of Aircraft Industries in Kunovice, Czech Republic. The Aircraft Industries plant, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company produces aircraft through a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design bureau and an airport.
L-410 fuselage parts production workshop. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing production - light green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year. About 80% of aircraft are supplied to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.
Production of parts on a CNC milling center from the French company Creneau:
Cleaning parts before molding:
Punching Press:
Manufacturing of the wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center. Duralumin is used in production Russian production. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.
Assembly of the front wing:
Checking the quality of riveting on an airplane wing:
One L-410 aircraft uses about 185,000 rivets different types and sizes:
Riveting work in the middle part of the fuselage:
Installation of floor panels:
Production of the rear fuselage:
Production of air intake parts for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for Boeing aircraft 787.
Aircraft Assembly Conveyor L-410 UVP-E20. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610. In one half of the building there are two production lines for new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a service workshop for aircraft coming out of service:
There are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop at the same time. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop. At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing for delivery to customers. Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1,150 aircraft of the L-410 family. More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.
The process of finishing the aircraft luggage compartment in the nose after completing the installation of electrical equipment:
Emergency exit door assembly:
The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible. Bow luggage compartment doors open:
Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally include devices from Russian manufacturers:
Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin:
Installation of electrical wiring harnesses:
Five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with a GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant aircraft L-410 UVP-E20. It has been installed on all new aircraft since January 2013 and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR MAK.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of its own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant. The average age of the company's employees is 44 years:
Work on the GE H-80 engine, carried out by a company representative from Prague:
The final installation stage takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of production, as within its framework, engines, landing gear and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight testing takes just under a year.
Cockpit of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and TCAS II. The L 410 is designed in the metric system (rather than inches), which is an exception in Western aviation:
This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation aircraft for training pilots at the Sasovo Flight School of Civil Aviation (Ryazan region).
Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarzh - chief test pilot of the plant:
Under the wing of an airplane, a view of the river. Morava and the town of Uhersky Ostrog:
Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana. Airplanes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable colors:
Leaving with a turn. Practical ceiling - 8,000 meters:
Approach to the runway. The L-410 aircraft can land both on a paved runway and on grass, soil and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation “Shortened Takeoff and Landing,” which also recalls the Russian roots of the aircraft:
Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkowice:
The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (13th century) is located 10 km from Kunowice. Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia - south-eastern region of the Czech Republic:
Velegrad Monastery (XIII century) - one of the main pilgrimage churches in Czech Republic. In 863 - 866 Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in the city of Velegrad:
A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staroe Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city:
The all-metal high-wing aircraft L 410, produced in series, is equipped with two GE H80-200 turboprop engines and is designed for the transport of 19 passengers, cargo or for specific purposes. Aircraft of the L 410 family are operated in more than 50 countries on five continents, and most of was delivered to Russia, also to Africa, Southeast Asia, South America and Europe. To date, more than 1,300 aircraft have been produced. The L 410 UVP E20 model is currently being produced, which is the most advanced version of the previous L 410 series of aircraft, known for its outstanding properties and has a number of advantages:
- Lowest operating and maintenance costs in its category
- Unsurpassed endurance and proven reliability in extreme conditions
- Reliable operation on short unpaved runways (STOL) and in extreme weather conditions
- Unique engine traction properties at high temperatures and low pressure
- Versatility and passenger comfort
- Equipment variability with installation of special options
- Superior Security Options
- Large luggage compartment
- Has the most spacious cabin for passengers in its category
Main characteristics of the aircraft after engine remotorization on GE H80-200:
- Increased flight range by 1,520 km (820 NM)
- Increased power when operating in extreme conditions and high mountain areas, maximum power will remain up to 36°C
- Reduced fuel consumption
- Reducing take-off distance by 503 m
- Increased flight duration to 5.1 hours.
L 410 aircraft have been in production for over 40 years and their safety is truly excellent. Owners and operators from various regions of Europe, Asia, Africa and America appreciate our aircraft's excellent thrust performance at high temperatures and low air pressure, as well as exceptional short take-off and landing (STOL) capabilities.
Their massive and durable design and ability to operate in extreme climatic conditions in the temperature range from -50°C to +50°C are especially appreciated. The aircraft's robust fuselage and unique design provide ample opportunities for its operation both in the scorching heat of the deserts of Africa and Latin America, and in the coldest areas of the world.
L 410 aircraft feel at home both when operating in the Sahara Desert and in the Siberian tundra. The aircraft have already proven operational reliability over an exceptionally wide range climatic conditions, from the dusty and dry African savannahs to the rainforests of Latin America, as well as when taking off from sea level or hot alpine areas. The aircraft are already successfully operated in many countries and regions around the world.
With its unique landing gear, the aircraft can be operated anywhere, and only needs a few meters of strip with a minimum strength of 6 kg/cm2 (85 lb/in2), i.e. it can also land and take off from wet short grass runways.
The L 410 UVP-E20 is certified under FAR 23 (Amendment 41) in its category and has received type approvals in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Cuba and Chile. After the establishment of the European Agency aviation security (EASA) the aircraft received a full type certificate EASA and FAA(US Federal Aviation Administration). The aircraft has also been approved for operation in many other countries such as Algeria, South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Tunisia, Colombia, Venezuela, South Korea, India, etc.
The L 420, an FAA certified variant of the L 410 UVP-E20, is certified to FAR 23 (Amendment 41) and has received type approvals in the Czech Republic, USA, Australia and Indonesia, as well as a full EASA type approval.
In order to ensure exceptional flight safety and maximum customer satisfaction, LET has always paid special attention to continuous development, product quality and after-sales product support.
All current customers are satisfied with the exceptional reliability with which the aircraft can be prepared for departure, the amazing passenger comfort and cost efficiency, and the manufacturer's ability to provide and provide full service support in a timely manner.
L 410 aircraft are used by airline and air taxi companies, as well as many government agencies around the world.
The wide oval fuselage with 17.9 m3 (632 cu ft) of cabin volume provides the highest level of passenger comfort in the standard small version. passenger plane, and also ensures maximum versatility and application of the aircraft for a variety of other purposes and special missions. The aircraft can be produced in such versions as executive, cargo, ambulance, dispensary, landing, photogrammetric, maritime patrol and surveillance, etc.
The L 410 aircraft is the ideal technical and best economic solution for air transportation of passengers and cargo over short distances, as well as an ideal air base for many other special missions, such as the VIP version, air ambulance, patrol and surveillance, photogrammetry, landing, etc.
The L 410 aircraft represent the ideal combination of first-class technical parameters and economic operation for the transport of passengers and goods over short and medium-long distances.
TASS DOSSIER. On November 15, 2017, the passenger plane Let L-410UVP-E20 Turbolet of Khabarovsk Airlines, flying along the route Khabarovsk - Nikolaevsk-on-Amur - Nelkan village (Ayano-Maysky district Khabarovsk Territory), made a hard landing 2 km from its destination. Six people were killed, including two crew members. One child was saved.
The editors of TASS-DOSSIER have compiled a chronology of crashes of L-410 aircraft in Russia. In total, from the end of 1991 to the present day. V. There were five crashes of aircraft of this type on the territory of the Russian Federation (excluding the emergency on November 15, 2017). A total of 41 people died in them.
April 4, 1992 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67130) of Kamchatavia Airlines, flying from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Baykovo (Sakhalin region), crashed near the destination airport. There were 12 people on board - two pilots and 10 passengers. The crew violated the approach pattern, the plane collided with the ground 5 km from the runway. A detached propeller severed the fuselage behind the cockpit, killing one of the passengers and injuring two others. The power elements of the aircraft were significantly damaged.
August 26, 1993 in Yakutia, the aircraft L-410UVP-E (registration number RA-67656) of Sakha-Avia airlines, flying along the route Kutana - Chagda - Aldan, crashed while landing at the last point of the route. There were 24 people on board - two pilots and 22 passengers, all of whom died. The commission that investigated the crash found that the aircraft was heavily overloaded. Its landing weight exceeded the maximum allowable by 550 kg, this changed the balance of the aircraft when the crew began to lower the flaps, causing the aircraft to stall and collide with the ground. The pilots who decided to carry out the flight despite significant excess take-off and landing masses, as well as with an excessive rear centering of the aircraft, were found guilty of the emergency.
January 20, 1995 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67120) of the Abakan airline, flying flight 107 on the route Krasnoyarsk - Abakan, crashed during takeoff at Krasnoyarsk Yelizovo airport. The plane was unable to gain altitude, collided with trees and crashed 930 m from the runway. There were 19 people on board - two pilots and 17 passengers. Both crew members and one passenger were killed, 13 people were injured. The cause of the accident was the overload of the aircraft, the failure of the right engine and the erroneous actions of the crew during takeoff with one engine running. The maximum permissible take-off weight of the aircraft was exceeded by 278 kg due to the fact that Yemelyanovo airport staff and crew accommodated four passengers with luggage in the cabin who did not have tickets for the flight.
March 1, 2003 private jet L-410UVP ( registration numbers RA-67418, FLA RF-01032), carrying out flights to parachute athletes, crashed near the Borki sports airfield in the Kimry district of the Tver region. There were two crew members and 23 parachutists on board (despite the fact that the maximum allowable number of parachutists in this cabin configuration is 12). The permissible take-off weight was exceeded by 618 kg. When during the flight the parachutists headed for the exit at the rear of the aircraft, the alignment was disrupted, the aircraft went into stall mode and, due to undesigned overloads, fell apart in the air. 11 people died - both crew members and nine athletes. 14 people were able to leave the plane and land on their own using parachutes, while four suffered fractures.
July 22, 2012 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RF-00138) DOSAAF Russia crashed at the Bolshoye Gryzlovo sports airfield (Serpukhov district, Moscow region). The aircraft was landing on a dirt runway after a group of paratroopers had landed. The aircraft's front and left landing gear broke, resulting in significant damage to the cockpit and lower fuselage. There were only two crew members on board, both were hospitalized in serious condition. The aircraft commander died from his injuries on July 24, 2012, the co-pilot died in the hospital a month and a half later, on September 6, 2012.
Let's L-410
Let L-410 Turbolet is a multi-role twin-engine turboprop aircraft for local airlines. Developed in the 1960s. in the design bureau of the Let Kunovice plant (Kunovice, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic). It made its first flight on April 16, 1969, is now produced by the Czech company Aircraft Industries (owner - the Russian Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company), in total more than 1.1 thousand copies of various modifications were built, of which 862 were delivered to the USSR. The most modern modification, L-410UVP-E20, is capable of transporting up to 19 passengers or 1 thousand 800 kg of cargo over a distance of up to 1 thousand 500 km. In 2016, Aircraft Industries sold nine L-410 units in the Russian Federation, and 11 more units were planned for delivery in 2017. The option of deploying serial production of the aircraft at the Ural Civil Aviation Plant (Ekaterinburg) is being explored.
In total, at least 117 such vehicles were lost during operation, and more than 420 people died in 106 accidents.
"Khabarovsk Airlines"
"Khabarovsk Airlines" is a regional state unitary enterprise engaged in transportation in the Khabarovsk Territory. Operates the following aircraft: An-24 (2 aircraft), one Yak-40 and An-26 each, as well as four L-410UVP-E20 2013-2015. release (registration numbers - RA-67035, RA-67036, RA-67040, RA-67047). For the airline, the disaster on November 15 was the first in its history.
