For the first time I went beyond the Ural ridge. Gukh (main Ural ridge) - "star" base

Between the East European and West Siberian plains. The length is more than 2000 (with Pai-Khoi and Mugodzhary - more than 2500) km, width from 40 to 150 km. There are many lakes, Lake Tavatuy is known (about 50 km north of Yekaterinburg), as well as the so-called Chelyabinsk lakes - several dozen large and small lakes located in the north of the Chelyabinsk and partly in the southeast of the Sverdlovsk regions. Some of them (Uvildy, Irtyash, Uelgi) have a length of more than 10 km. The Chelyabinsk lakes also include lakes Turgoyak, Shablish, Big Kasli and others.

Name In ancient sources, the Urals are partly associated with the Riphean and more often with the Hyperborean mountains. According to Ptolemy, the Ural Mountains consist of the Rimnus mountains (Rimninus - the Yaik or Ufa River; Middle Urals), Noros, "Noros" - the Southern Urals, from which the Daix River flows (Ural?) and the northern part - the Hyperborean Ripean Mountains - clearly the watershed between basins of the Caspian, Black Sea and Baltic (Sarmatian Ocean), etc. Russian pioneers called it Stone; under the name Ural, these mountains were first mentioned in Russian sources at the end of the 17th century. The name Ural was introduced by V. Tatishchev from the Mansi “ur” (mountain). According to another version, this word is of Turkic origin. Geological structure The Ural Mountains were formed in the late Paleozoic during an era of intense mountain building (Hercynian folding). The formation of the Ural mountain system began in the late Devonian (about 350 million years ago) and ended in the Triassic (about 200 million years ago). It is an integral part of the Ural-Mongolian folded geosynclinal belt. Within the Urals, deformed and often metamorphosed rocks of predominantly Paleozoic age come to the surface. The strata of sedimentary and volcanic rocks are usually strongly folded and disturbed by discontinuities, but in general form meridional stripes that determine the linearity and zoning of the structures of the Urals. From west to east the following stand out: Pre-Ural marginal trough with a relatively flat bedding of sedimentary strata in the western side and more complex in the eastern; zone of the western slope of the Urals with the development of intensely crumpled and thrust-disturbed sedimentary strata of the Lower and Middle Paleozoic; The Central Ural uplift, where among the sedimentary strata of the Paleozoic and Upper Precambrian, in some places older crystalline rocks of the edge of the East European Platform emerge; a system of troughs-synclinoriums of the eastern slope (the largest are Magnitogorsk and Tagil), made mainly of Middle Paleozoic volcanic strata and marine, often deep-sea sediments, as well as deep-seated igneous rocks breaking through them (gabbroids, granitoids, less often alkaline intrusions) - the so-called. greenstone belt of the Urals; Ural-Tobolsk anticlinorium with outcrops of older metamorphic rocks and widespread development of granitoids; The East Ural synclinorium, in many ways similar to the Tagil-Magnitogorsk synclinorium. At the base first three zones, according to geophysical data, an ancient, Early Precambrian foundation is confidently traced, composed mainly of metamorphic and igneous rocks and formed as a result of several eras of folding. The most ancient, presumably Archean, rocks come to the surface in the Taratash ledge on the western slope of the Southern Urals. Pre-Ordovician rocks are unknown in the basement of the synclinoriums on the eastern slope of the Urals. It is assumed that the foundation of the Paleozoic volcanogenic strata of synclinoriums are thick plates of hypermafic rocks and gabbroids, which in some places come to the surface in the massifs of the Platinum Belt and other related belts; these plates may represent outliers of the ancient oceanic bed of the Ural geosyncline. In the east, in the Ural-Tobolsk anti-clinorium, outcrops of Precambrian rocks are quite problematic. Paleozoic deposits of the western slope of the Urals are represented by limestones, dolomites, and sandstones, formed in conditions of predominantly shallow seas. To the east, deeper sediments of the continental slope can be traced in an intermittent strip. Even further east, within the eastern slope of the Urals, the Paleozoic section (Ordovician, Silurian) begins with altered volcanics of basaltic composition and jasper, comparable to the rocks of the bottom of modern oceans. In places higher up the section there are thick, also altered spilite-natro-liparite strata with deposits of copper pyrite ores. Younger sediments of the Devonian and partly Silurian are represented mainly by andesite-basalt, andesite-dacitic volcanics and greywackes, which correspond to the stage in the development of the eastern slope of the Urals when the oceanic crust was replaced by a transitional type crust. Carboniferous deposits (limestones, gray wackes, acidic and alkaline volcanics) are associated with the most recent, continental stage of development of the eastern slope of the Urals. At the same stage, the bulk of the Paleozoic, essentially potassium granites of the Urals intruded, forming pegmatite veins with rare valuable minerals. In the Late Carboniferous-Permian time, sedimentation on the eastern slope of the Urals almost stopped and a folded mountain structure formed here; On the western slope at that time, the Pre-Ural marginal trough was formed, filled with a thick (up to 4-5 km) thickness of clastic rocks carried down from the Urals - molasse. Triassic deposits are preserved in a number of depressions-grabens, the emergence of which in the north and east of the Urals was preceded by basaltic (trap) magmatism. Younger strata of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments of a platform nature gently overlap folded structures along the periphery of the Urals. It is assumed that the Paleozoic structure of the Urals was formed in the Late Cambrian - Ordovician as a result of the splitting of the Late Precambrian continent and the spreading of its fragments, as a result of which a geosynclinal depression was formed with crust and sediments of the oceanic type in its interior. Subsequently, the expansion gave way to compression and the oceanic basin began to gradually close and be “overgrown” with newly forming continental crust; the nature of magmatism and sedimentation changed accordingly. The modern structure of the Urals bears traces of severe compression, accompanied by a strong transverse contraction of the geosynclinal depression and the formation of gently sloping scaly thrusts - nappes. Minerals The Urals are a treasury of various minerals. Of the 55 types of the most important minerals that were developed in the USSR, 48 are represented in the Urals. For the eastern regions of the Urals, the most typical deposits of copper pyrite ores (Gaiskoye, Sibaiskoye, Degtyarskoye deposits, Kirovgrad and Krasnouralsk groups of deposits), skarn-magnetite (Goroblagodatskoye, Vysokogorskoye, Magnitogorskoye deposits), titanium-magnetite (Kachkanarskoye, Pervouralskoye), oxide nickel ores (group of Orsko-Khalilovsky deposits) and chromite ores (deposits of the Kempirsay massif), confined mainly to the greenstone belt of the Urals, coal deposits (Chelyabinsk coal basin), placers and bedrock deposits of gold (Kochkarskoye, Berezovskoye) and platinum (Isovskiye). Here are located largest deposits bauxite (North Ural bauxite-bearing region) and asbestos (Bazhenovskoe). On the western slope of the Urals and in the Urals there are deposits of hard coal (Pechora coal basin, Kizelovsky coal basin), oil and gas (Volga-Ural oil and gas region, Orenburg gas condensate field), potassium salts (Verkhnekamsk basin). The Urals are especially famous for their “gems” - precious, semi-precious and ornamental stones (emerald, amethyst, aquamarine, jasper, rhodonite, malachite, etc.). The best jewelry diamonds in the USSR were mined in the Urals. The depths of the mountains contain more than two hundred different minerals. For example, reserves of “non-melting ice” - rock crystal in Mount Narodnaya. The bowls of the St. Petersburg Hermitage are made from Ural malachite and jasper. Geographical aspects Along the eastern foot Ural mountains passes the conventional border between Europe and Asia. Geographically, the Ural Mountains are divided into five parts: Central or Middle Urals, In the north, the Pai-Khoi mountain system can be considered a continuation of the Ural Range, in the south - Mugodzhary. Peaks Highest peaks: Subpolar Urals - Mount Narodnaya (1895 m above sea level). Southern Urals - Mount Yaman-Tau (1640 m above sea level). Northern Urals - Mount Telposis (1617 m above sea level). Polar Urals - Mount Payer (1499 m above sea level). Middle Urals - Mount Oslyanka (1119 m above sea level). Notes Links The highest peak of the Southern Urals - Bolshoy Iremel (photo) Virtual tour of the Southern Urals. More than 50 panoramas with views of the region's mountain ranges see also Sources 3rd edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, article "Ural" Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. See what the “Ural Range” is in other dictionaries: Constituting a conventional border between Europe and Asia, it begins off the coast of the Kara Sea at a latitude of 68°30 N. and from here it stretches almost without turns almost to the banks Aral Sea, if we assume that the Mugojrar Mountains are its continuation, what is there... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron This term has other meanings, see Kazan Stone. Kazan Stone ... Wikipedia Husband. back, the back surface of the human body, the upper surface of an animal; longitudinal middle of the back, from the neck to the lower back or sacrum; | the bones that form this part, the spinal column; bony spine, spinal or spinal vertebrae; A person has 24 of them... Dictionary Dahl - (ridge simple), ridge, husband. 1. Same as the spine. || trans. Back (simple). Place the bag on the ridge. || trans. The back as a symbol of labor, physical energy (colloquial). He carried everything on his backbone. Take the rap with your own backbone. 2. Mountain chain, row… … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary ridge- bta/, m. 1) The spine of an animal, fish. The ridge of the omul. 2) simple. Human spine and back. Each branch doused us as if from a rain pipe, a cold stream climbed under the tie and flowed along the spine (Turgenev). Synonyms:... ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language RIDGE, bta, husband. 1. Spine, as well as (simple) back. Bend (break) x. (translated: hard work; simple). 2. Mountain range. Ridge, slope of a ridge. Ural x. | adj. spinal, oh, oh. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

The main Ural ridge - and this is official geographical name mountain range stretching from north to south for 52 kilometers. Main Ural Ridge is a kind of stone belt, a natural border between the Perm and Sverdlovsk regions, between Europe and Asia.

Taiga fir-spruce and cedar forests reach up the ridge up to 800-900 meters, then there are birch forests and alpine meadows, and the tops of the ridge are kurumniks. In the northern part of the ridge there are steeper slopes with a slope of up to 45 degrees. The western slope of the ridge is gentler, and even in winter you will not need special equipment. But in snowy winters the snow here is deep.

At the foot of the eastern slope lies the border of the Denezhkin Kamen reserve, one of the few places where virgin flora and fauna have been preserved, which is a generally recognized reference area of ​​the northern taiga. The highest point of the ridge (1410 meters) is named after the outstanding German naturalist A. Humboldt, who traveled around Russia and, in particular, studied Ural region in 1829 at the personal invitation of the Russian Emperor. As a result of the trip, these scientists wrote a major work, in which one of the chapters was called “The System of the Urals Mountains.”

If you look to the north from the top of Humboldt, you can see two more peaks - Mount Pallas, named after another Russian-German naturalist who visited here in 1770, and Mount Lepekhin, which bears the name of the academician of wildlife taxonomy, the first Russian researcher of medicinal plants Ivan Ivanovich Lepekhin.

Other significant peaks: Bolshaya Khodovskaya Sopka (1338.8 m), Sosvinsky Kamen (954 m) and Kazansky Kamen (1035 m).

The entire chain of the Ural Mountains stretches in a continuous hill almost from the Arctic Ocean to the Caspian steppes. But why is such a truly great phenomenon of the lithosphere called so unpoetically? In fact, the rock massif is so significant in height and extent that no one dares to call it anything other than the Ural Range or simply the Main Range.

In ancient times these mountains were called Riphean. The Mansi people call it Ner - “stone”, “stone wall”. It has always served local residents as a natural barrier to the prevailing western air flow. These winds transport the bulk of precipitation, significant cloudiness, and form the temperature regime. The cold breath of the Arctic also has an effect. Winter here lasts 5-6 months, with snow cover on average 164 days a year.

The main Ural ridge is beautiful all year round, but it is worth considering that in winter the Kvarkush plateau and Zhigalan waterfalls - from October to the end of May - can only be reached by snowmobile.

How to get there

First you need to get to Severouralsk by car, this is the most convenient option, by bus (buses run from Yekaterinburg several times a day, cost about 1000 rubles, from Perm there is a direct flight without a transfer once a day, leaves in the morning, cost 1300 rubles. ) or by train to Serov or Ivdel, the distance from them to Severouralsk is 80-90 km. If your car is not off-road, then you will have to rent a car in advance.

For autotourists, you can spend at least two days (1 night) on the route, but this is during the longest summer days, in this case you will have time to see the GUH in the southern part and the Zhigalan waterfalls at dawn. There will be no time left for Kvarkush. Therefore, without taking into account the road, plan two overnight stays.

You can climb the northern part of the ridge, but this is still a route for real tourists, because you have to ford rivers and spend the night in a tent. You need to get along the Krivinskaya road to the Kriv base (60 km, 4 hours) or to the clearings, and there you need to find a path to the Sosva River, which you can ford, and then again look for a path through the swamp. To the foot of the GUKh - approximately 6-7 km. To spend the night, it is better to find a hut on the left bank of the Khodovaya River. And from here you can do radial exits to the Northern or Southern part of the ridge. In summer the road is very bad. Peaks convenient for visiting from the Kriv base: Mount Humboldt, Sportsmen-Skiers, Mount Pallas, Mount Lepekhina.

The southern part of the ridge can be reached along the gravel road to the Zhigalan waterfalls. We leave Severouralsk, drive through Pokrov-Uralsky and then in a straight line (60 km, 4 hours). Way to go local residents They even drive ordinary Zhiguli cars, but it’s better not to take risks.

If you walk along the ridge from south to north (40 km), of course, this is a route for professional tourists, it will take from 4 to 14 days, with overnight stays in tents on the ridge.

At the end of August 2011, we managed to escape to the north of our region - to the Main Ural Ridge (GUR). It is located strictly on the border of the Sverdlovsk region with the Perm region and stretches from south to north. I had been to these parts before, in early November 2009. It was then that the first snow fell and the Main Ural Range greeted us with the first frosts of -22°C. But now it’s August, there won’t be any frosts. The first snow in the mountains will fall only in September. So there's still time to enjoy beautiful views remote, northern taiga, not covered with a blanket of snow. And the views there are indeed very attractive. These are giant spruces, whose thin tops and branches are covered with lichen. And so many berries! Mom dear! Blueberries, blueberries - full of them!

But to come to those parts and visit only the Main Ural Range, or rather, only its Sosvinsky stone, would be wrong, since there are other attractions there, namely: the Kvarkush plateau and the waterfall of the Zhigolan River, to which we, in fact, were going! And the ridge itself was planned later.

Mount Kumba, near the village of Pokrovsk-Uralsky.

Northern crossings

But to be honest, these photos were taken a little later than the story requires. Because before these photos there were some other events. We arrived in Pokrovsk-Uralsky (the last settlement on the way) late at night, around 3 am... I was a guide, but I had trouble finding my bearings in the dark. Despite this, we found our way towards the mountains. We were driving along, when suddenly along the road our Volga got stuck in a hole. But a Corolla just passed here, but the Volga couldn’t - well, what is it! Let's get out, let's push her. It was pretty cool outside - zero, maybe minus. While we were pushing, we warmed up a little. They couldn't push me out. So what should I do? Well, luckily for us, a Niva was passing by. The guys came out, asked what was the problem, then attached a cable and pulled out our car. Let's move on, everything turned out okay. And the drive is very long, because the road is dirt, you can’t speed up very much on it! The waterfall is about 90 km away! Can you imagine? It's about a 3 hour drive, maybe more. In fact, it turned out to be more. It was already dawn when we reached the bridge over the Uls River.

River Uhls

We passed the Uls River - and then our driver told us the fateful news that he had little gasoline and would not have enough for the return journey. The sensor itself was already blinking. What to do? We decided to get to Zhigalan, do all our business there, and on the way back stop at the cordon, which, by the way, is not far from Uls. OK. Go. And it's a long drive, damn it. The distance in the north is measured not in kilometers, but in tens. The road is exhausting and monotonous. All around is taiga, taiga and taiga. Beautiful, but completely the same. And then suddenly the driver announced that the gasoline had completely run out. We drove down the hill, at the finish line towards Zhigalan, but Zhigalan was still not there. The driver simply put it in neutral and rolled down the hill by inertia until the car stopped completely. What's the matter? - The Corolla passengers asked us. We've arrived in something! Gasoline is out! Holy shit, how did it end? We are in the remote northern taiga, 90 km from the nearest village! What an ambush!..

We left the car on the road, opposite the turn. We waited for the Toyota to return with gasoline for about 2-3 hours, or maybe more - I don’t remember now. We lit a fire, picked blueberries, fortunately there were no more.

After the Toyota returned, we had lunch, listened with a smile to the abusive words addressed to the Volga driver, we got ready and went to the mountains.

On the way we came across centuries-old cedars and huge inversions. The northern taiga is simply amazing!

Tourist base "Zvezda". View of the Main Ural Ridge, Sosvinsky stone.

Here it is - the Main Ural Ridge. The Sosvinsky stone was covered with clouds. This means that, according to tradition, we won’t see a damn thing again!

Okay, let's move on, there's already a lot of time, we need to act quickly to make it before dark. Last time, in November, I climbed to the top in snow in 3 hours, and descended in 2.5. We proceeded from these parameters. At first the path was carefully laid out from boards, but then, when the kurumnik begins, there are no more boards.

Mountain streams flow with clear water

We've reached a fork in the road. Although we thought it was a fork in the road. The main road turned left, but we decided to start the climb here. Which we later regretted!

Dwarf birch

Blueberry

Crooked birch trees. "Park Crooked Forest"

Oh, how I love them!

Juniper bushes

Soon it began to become cloudy

In the end, we all got a little lost. We scattered into three groups. The two of us went straight to the top and climbed it. We waited for the others, but they were still not there, then we heard screams. We followed the sound and went down. Everything was covered in clouds, visibility was very poor, so they began to look for three more. Found by screams. We need to go down. Again there is confusion, one says: we must go to the right, I say: we must go to the left. This is what happens when a team doesn’t want to listen to one person. So it turns out that some go to the forest, some for firewood! In the end, we still went left, descended, the fog began to subside - we saw a base in the distance.

It's starting to get dark. We reached the border of the forest with the tundra, but we can’t find the way back now. While we were walking, we seemed to be remembering things from the bushes. But where can you find them now?

In short, we got lost! And life doesn’t teach me, a fool! Last time I also got lost on the way down. It’s easy to go up, you can see where to go, but it’s not clear to go down. Find your way around the base? Yeah, plus or minus a kilometer it will work out. In short, we rushed around for a long time, looking for the place where we had come, but in the end we gave up and decided to spend the night here... No, I’m kidding - we stupidly ran straight through. We reached the taiga and walked through it. I remember that the road ran along it, so we had to go out onto it. Well, what if she turned left? It’s too late to think so, let’s go already! We went out onto the road, it was already dark. But walking along the road - what a difference. We reached our transport, tired, having not slept for the second day, wet and hungry. We quickly ate, changed clothes (who had what to wear) and didn’t spend the night here - we went home. Everyone in the car was simply knocked out, but you can’t sleep - you have to watch the driver so that he doesn’t fall asleep.

Well, theoretically, it’s like the end, but I’ll still tell you something else... We left for the Serovsky tract, it was night. It's time to refuel. We stopped and turned off the engine. They poured 76 into the tank. And it was a mistake! Then they couldn’t start it) They didn’t torture the starter for a long time, because the battery would run out. Let's push - it's useless. What to do? We tried to brake the car, but it was useless, since it was night - no one would stop. We went to bed until the morning. We slept for a couple of hours, I woke up from the cold, woke up the driver - and we went to the nearest village. Luckily for us, we stopped almost next to the settlement sign. The village was 1 km away. We walked around and woke up the locals. A man got out, got into his Niva with him, drove to our Volga, and with the help of the Niva, they started it on a rope “from the pusher”. Let's go - and then the cops stopped us. While this one went to face a fine, I sat and only managed to start the car. And it stalled, because in addition the engine was running rough!!! These are the pies! Well, it’s okay, somehow we got home. Everyone is alive, the Main Ural Ridge and the Sosvinsky stone have been conquered (at least by me) - so we can live on!

The Main Ural Range, or simply GUKH, is a chain of mountains stretching from south to north, separating the European and Asian parts of Eurasia. The length of the ridge exceeds 50 kilometers, it is the largest mountain range in the chain of the Ural Mountains. It includes several large mountains that are of great interest to tourists. Also, the Main Ural Range is the administrative border Perm region and Sverdlovsk region. Visiting these picturesque place will open for you the very heart of the Ural Mountains.

Mount Humboldt - among the Ural Mountains

The most high peak in the system of the Main Ural Range (GUR) is Mount Humboldt. Its height is 1410 meters. The top of the mountain is located in the Sverdlovsk region, the foot of the western part is in the Perm region. Until the 21st century, the mountain was called Lampa Kutimskaya, named after the Lampa River, flowing from the foot. Next, the Lyampa flows into the Kutim River, which is part of the Vishera River basin.

Mount Humboldt is interesting for its harmony. Half of the mountain, 700 meters, is occupied by forest, and the second half is occupied by rocks made of kurumnik. From north to south the mountain stretches for 5.5 kilometers, from west to east for 4 kilometers. The slopes of the mountain are quite steep, so winter time snow is possible. The most convenient time to visit the mountain is from June to September. Already in the first month of autumn, the first snow and the establishment of snow cover are possible.

The path to Mount Humboldt is organized through Sverdlovsk region. The casting begins in the city of Severouralsk, from which the Main Ural Range is 40 kilometers away. When visiting the mountain, we recommend using the services of a guide who knows the area. Despite the fact that climbing the mountain does not present any great difficulties, the services of a guide will help you choose the most optimal route and avoid getting lost.

GPS coordinates of Mount Humboldt 60°22’21.63″N 59°11’00.94″E

Kazan stone - memory of gold

It is located in the eastern part of the Krasnovishersky district of the Perm region. The southwestern part of the Main Ural Range (GUR) chain. The height of the Kazan Stone is 1035 meters above sea level. Despite its relatively small size, it dominates the area. Stone is a favorite place for tourists with an initial level of training. This is where you can begin your acquaintance with the Main Ural Range.

Kazan Stone is covered with forests up to approximately 800 meters. Further about 200 meters there are rocks from kurumnik. The shape of the mountain is dome-shaped and the top is flat. Kazan Rock is not as steep as Mount Humboldt, which is why it is recommended for beginner hikers. The snow cover melts at the end of May. The mountain is open to tourists both in summer and winter.

The toponymy of the mountain is of great interest. Scientists believe that the name of the mountain was given by the Kazan gold mine located nearby. The mine operated from the beginning of the 20th century, and was closed after the depletion of gold-bearing rocks in the middle of the century. The Surya River, where gold was mined in the past, originates right at the Kazan Stone. Also, the Polkhovka River originates here, the waters of which flow into the Uls River.

Among other peaks of the Main Ural Range, Sosvinsky Stone can be distinguished. This mountain is located in the southeastern part of the ridge, next to the Kazan Stone. The height of the Sosvinsky stone is 955 meters, so it is somewhat lost in sight of the Kazan stone. Climbing the mountain is not very difficult, so it is also suitable for beginner hikers.