Where do planes crash most often? The most dangerous planes in the world named (11 photos)

The safest airliners are the Airbus A330, A340 and Boeing 777, BusinessWeek found

Which plane is more likely to be involved in a plane crash resulting in the death of passengers - the American Boeing 737 JT 8 D or Russian Il-76? If you think that the IL-76 is more dangerous, then you are mistaken.

The very first versions of the familyBoeing 737s were created back in 1988, but more than 500 of these aircraft are still in operation. In August last year he crashed in KazakhstanBoeing 737JT 8D belonging toItekAir, shortly after the European Union banned the ship from flying to Europe due to its lack of safety. Incidents like these help explain why this model tops the list of planes most prone to accidents. Older aircraft require more intensive maintenance than new ones. Nevertheless, used liners operated by airlines that there are often not enough funds for full maintenance and training of pilots, writes BusinessWeek.

Using data from a London insurance consultantAscend,BusinessWeek has compiled a ranking of the deadliest and safest planes based on the number of fatal crashes. The rating included aircraft models that are in operation around the world in quantities of 100 or more. The ranking did not take into account plane crashes related to terrorism.

1. Boeing 737JT 8D

So, the most dangerous passenger aircraft in terms of the number of accidents is recognized Boeing 737JT 8D. There is one fatal aircraft accident per 507,500 flight hours. The lower this number, the higher the risk of an accident. This is the average for the last five years. Years of production of the liner: 1967-1988. Quantity models located in operation (on end 2008): 517 pieces. The most old version familiesBoeing 737 –JT 8D are still operated by airlines in poor countries. Almost 30 years old Boeing 737JT 8D, operated by Kyrgyz airline Itek Air, crashed near Bishkek in August 2008. 68 people died in the disaster.

2. IL-76

One plane crash per 549 900 flight hours.
Years of production: from 1974 to the present day
247 .

This cargo model is most often found in the fleets of airlines in the former countries. Soviet Union, Middle East and Africa. In 2003, the crashed Il-76 of the Iranian airline IranRevolutionaryGuard claimed the lives of 275 people.

3. Tu-154

One plane crash per 1,041,000 flight hours.
Years of production: from 1971 to present
Number of aircraft in service: 336.

The Tu-154 is also used by most airlines from the countries of the former Soviet Union and neighboring countries. Tu-154 Iranian airline CaspianAir, traveling from Tehran to Yerevan (Armenia) crashed on July 15 this year, killing 168 people. This was the fourth plane crash involving a Tu-154 in Iran since 2002.

4. AirbusA 310

One plane crash per 1,067,700 flight hours.
Years of production: 1983-1998
Number of aircraft in service: 191.

Major airlines have already stopped using this model of the European aircraft manufacturer Airbus. However, some carriers from poor countries, for example PakistanInternationalAirlines continue to flyA 310. The final disaster withA 310 occurred on June 30 this year. LinerA 310 Yemenia Airlines, flying from Yemen to Comoros, fell into the open sea, killing all 153 people on board. Miraculously, only a 12-year-old girl managed to escape.

5 . McDonnell-Douglas DC-9

One plane crash per1 068 700 flight hours.
Years release: 1965-1982
Number of aircraft in service: 315.

This aircraft model began to belong to Boeingafter the merger in 1997 with McDonnellDouglas.DC -9 is still in service with the airlineDeltaAirlines, which inherited them fromNorthwestAirlines, as well as many other small carriers in the world. In April 2008, it crashed in the Democratic Republic of the CongoDC-9 airlinesHewaBoraAirways, 44 people killed.

6. Tu-134

One plane crash per1 087 600 flight hours.
Years of production: 1964-1986 gg.
Number of aircraft in service: 223.

Tu-134, comparable in size to DC-9 is widely used by airlines from the former Soviet Union and the Middle East. In terms of noise level, the engine of this airliner does not meet Western European standards, so the Tu-134 flies mainly in domestic directions in Russia. In August 2004, a Volga-Aviaexpress Tu-134 crashed, killing all 43 people on board.

7. Boeing 727

One plane crash per2 306 300 flight hours.
Years of production: 1963-1984 gg.
Number of aircraft in service: 412.

Most major carriers have long since replaced the old onesBoeing 727 to newer and modern aircraft. Airline United Airlines, for example, donated one such airliner to the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry back in 1993. However, outside the United States, many carriers, especially charter ones, continue to operate the Boeing 727. One of the plane crashes with this airliner occurred on Christmas Day 2003 in the African state of Benin, killing 151 people.

8. McDonnell - Douglas MD-80

One plane crash per2 332 300 flight hours.
Years of production: 1980-1999 gg.
Number of aircraft in service: 923.

The MD-80, designed to replace the DC-9, is still used by the American airline Delta, as well as by a number of European carriers, notably Alitalia and SAS. The most recent plane crash involving this airliner in the United States occurred in January 2000: MD -80 airlines AlaskaAirlines crashed into the Pacific Ocean. In August 2008, 153 people were killed while flying on such a plane, owned by the Spanish airline Spanair, from Madrid to Canary Islands.

9. McDonnell - Douglas MC-10

One plane crash per2 908 800 flight hours.
Years of production: 1971-1989 gg.
Number of aircraft in service: 153.

The DC -10 is one of a rare number of aircraft whose safety has, on the contrary, improved with age. A number of fatal crashes in the 1970s involving the aircraft led to the development of changes and improvements to the aircraft. As a result, the last accident with fatalities occurred in 1999, when the airliner of the former French carrierAOM crashed in Guatemala. The aircraft is now primarily used by cargo and charter operators. AirlineBimanBangladesh is the latest company to be usedDC -10 on regular flights.

10. McDonnell - Douglas MD-11

One plane crash per3 668 800 flight hours.
Years of production: 1990-2001
Number of aircraft in service: 187.

The MD-11 brought its creator commercial disappointment, as it showed poor performance in fuel efficiency and other parameters. True, Finnair and KLM still fly these aircraft, but they mainly use them for cargo transportation. Last plane crash occurred in 1999 when the airline's DC -11 ChinaAirlines caught fire while landing in Hong Kong during a typhoon, killing three people.

11. Boeing 737 CFMI

One plane crash per4 836 900 flight hours.
Years of production: 1984-2000
Number of aircraft in service: 1796.

12. Boeing 757

One plane crash per13 744 400 flight hours.
Years of production: 1982-2005
Number of aircraft in service: 973

13. Airbus A 320

One plane crash per14 050 200 flight hours.
Years of production: 1988 to present
Number of aircraft in service: 3604

14. Boeing 767

One plane crash per14 895 100 flight hours.
Years of production: 1982 to present
Number of aircraft in service: 867

15. Boeing 737NG

One plane crash per16 047 900 flight hours.
Years of production: 1997 to present
Number of aircraft in service: 2583

16. Boeing 747

One plane crash per17 358 500 flight hours.
Years of production: 1970 to present
Number of aircraft in service: 935

17. AirbusA 330

No fatal accidents during 2008

Number of aircraft in service: 577

18. Airbus A 340

Years of production: 1993 to present
Number of aircraft in service: 341

19. Boeing 777

No fatal accidents
Years of production: 1995 to present
Number of aircraft in service: 742

Many people are afraid of flying by air, but this means of transportation is the fastest and most convenient.

Let's consider what a person feels when a plane crashes. The most reliable information about detailed experiences can be obtained from people who have experienced this experience themselves.

Every accident is the result of several causes, the main one of which is human factor. That is, traditionally, the cause of an air transport crash is usually an error made by the crew.

Another one common reason – aviation terrorism, which is much less common. Let's look at the statistics on this matter:

• 60% — accidents caused by pilot errors;
• 20% — difficulties associated with technical problems;
• 15% — situations that emerged during weather conditions;
• 5% — aviation terrorism and other factors.

The main cause of accidents is the human factor

The most common mistakes made by air transport employees:

1. Failure to comply with piloting procedures according to regulations.
2. Insufficiently high level of pilot qualifications.
3. Error in operation of navigation devices.
4. Failure to comply with maintenance rules.
5. Erroneous situations that arose due to the fault of ground controllers.
6. Problems of the psychological state of the pilot and assistant.

Most often, accidents occur during takeoff or landing of an airplane., wherein vehicle is under controlled control, but loses spatial orientation.

Human feelings when a plane crashes

Scientific research has shown that when a vehicle is overloaded, a person is unlikely to clearly remember the events. This is due to increased protection of consciousness.

Passengers will remember only the first seconds, when the plane began to fall, and in the next stages the body’s defensive reaction will turn on and consciousness will turn off.

According to research, during the collision with the ground, not a single person was conscious, which suggests that he could not experience feelings.

This fact was confirmed by people who managed to survive such a crash. When asked how the passengers of the falling plane felt, they replied that they only remembered shaking and overload.

Passengers' feelings when the cabin is depressurized

The pressure on such a large surface takes on much lower values ​​than above its surface, as do the temperature indicators. Lack of oxygen prevents the body from functioning normally.

Modern cinema has significantly influenced public consciousness, showing that even a small hole on the surface of the skin leads to the death of the entire passenger train.

In fact, it's the other way around. Of course, damage to the skin is not normal, but this does not indicate the catastrophic scale of the problem.

The main problem with cabin depressurization is lack of oxygen.. If every “traveler” is fastened according to the rules of the instructions, no serious complications should arise.

Moreover, the aircraft is designed to maintain an integral structure and is able to complete the flight it has begun. The main thing is to be able to promptly notice the drop in pressure and the fact that the oxygen level has decreased.

In case of depressurization, it is necessary to wear oxygen masks

What happens to people when they collide with the ground?

If the landing is controlled, passengers may be conscious, but it is cloudy. More often than not, the answer to the question of how people feel when a plane crashes is “nothing.”

We have already noted that at altitude, the body’s defense reaction is activated and it goes into temporary hibernation until the situation stabilizes.

Involuntarily, people may feel shaking and slight fear.

According to the testimony of those who managed to survive the airliner crash, they remember practically nothing.

Actions of the crew during an airplane crash

To create favorable conditions for the comfortable well-being of passengers, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures.

Firstly, prevent oxygen starvation among passengers by offering them wear special masks. Breathing may become rapid and people may feel slightly dizzy. Then the brain cells gradually die, so taking the right actions in a timely manner is designed to prevent death.

Secondly, when the first signs of problems are detected pilots descend to a relatively safe altitude of 3-4 km. At this level, a sufficient amount of oxygen is assumed for proper breathing and normal functioning of the body.

After the situation normalizes, it is necessary to make a decision on further actions. As a rule, this is an emergency landing at a nearby port.

Most airplane accidents occur during takeoff or landing.

What passengers should do

The behavior of passengers during a crash plays an important role.. We looked at what happens to people during a plane crash.

Passengers facing decompression factors must adhere to the following rules:

1. Keep calm and do not create panic.
2. Follow everything the crew says. Listen carefully to instructions from staff.
3. Wear oxygen masks and, if necessary, help others perform this task.
4. Buckle up and sit quietly in your seat during the flight, which will avoid traumatic consequences in the turbulence zone.

Is it possible to survive a plane crash?

In addition to the question of how a person feels during a plane crash when falling, another question involuntarily arises: “Is it possible to survive in this situation?” As practice shows, of course, it is possible. But provided that the pilots noticed the problems in a timely manner and began to fix them.

Compliance and the absence of a panic state guarantees the calm and well-being of passengers.

...I have always been interested in what people experience in a falling plane. Summarizing the experience of eyewitnesses who survived plane crashes, we can draw one interesting conclusion - the devil is not as terrible as he is painted...
...According to research by the Interstate Aviation Committee, the consciousness of a person in a falling plane is switched off. In most cases - in the very first seconds of the fall. At the moment of the collision with the ground, there is not a single person in the cabin who would be conscious...

-Firstly, be more afraid when driving to the airport. In 2014, over 33 million flights were made in the world, 21 plane crashes occurred (and most of the troubles in the sky occur in cargo transportation), in which only 990 people died. Those. The probability of a plane crash is only 0.0001%. During the same year, in Russia alone, 26,963 people died in road accidents, and according to WHO, 1.2 million people die in road accidents in the world every year and about 50 million are injured.

-Secondly, judging by the statistics, your chances of dying on an escalator in the subway or contracting AIDS are much greater than dying on an airplane . So the chance of dying in a plane crash is 1 in 11,000,000, while, for example, in a car accident - 1 in 5,000, so now it is much safer to fly than to drive a car. Moreover, every year aviation technology becomes safer. By the way, Africa remains the most unfavorable continent in terms of flight safety: only 3% of all flights in the world are carried out here, but 43% of plane crashes have occurred!

-Thirdly, under severe overloads, you will not remember anything According to research by the Interstate Aviation Committee, the consciousness of a person in a falling plane is switched off. In most cases - in the very first seconds of the fall. At the moment of the collision with the ground, there is not a single person in the cabin who would be conscious. As they say, the body’s defense reaction is triggered. This thesis is confirmed by those who managed to survive plane crashes. Silence also accompanies minor air incidents, video selection

-Fourth, experience of surviving plane crashes. The story of Larisa Savitskaya is included in the Guinness Book of Records. In 1981, at an altitude of 5220 meters, the An-24 plane in which she was flying collided with a military bomber. 37 people died in that disaster. Only Larisa managed to survive.

I was 20 years old then,” says Larisa Savitskaya. - Volodya, my husband, and I were flying from Komsomolsk-on-Amur to Blagoveshchensk. After takeoff, I immediately fell asleep. And I woke up from noise and screams. My face burned with cold. Then they told me that our plane’s wings were cut off and the roof was blown off. But I don’t remember the sky above my head. I remember it was foggy, like in a bathhouse. I looked at Volodya. He didn't move. Blood was gushing down his face. I somehow immediately realized that he was dead. And she prepared to die too. Then the plane fell apart and I lost consciousness. When I came to my senses, I was surprised that I was still alive. I felt like I was lying on something hard. It turned out to be in the aisle between the chairs. And next to it is a whistling abyss. There were no thoughts in my head. Fear too. In the state I was in - between sleep and reality - there is no fear. The only thing I remembered was an episode from an Italian film, where a girl, after a plane crash, soared in the sky among the clouds, and then, falling into the jungle, remained alive. I didn't expect to survive. I just wanted to die without suffering. I noticed the rungs of the metal floor. And I thought: if I fall sideways, it will be very painful. I decided to change position and regroup. Then she crawled to the next row of chairs (our row was near the rift), sat down in the chair, grabbed the armrests and rested her feet on the floor. All this was done automatically. Then I look - the ground. Very close. She grabbed the armrests with all her might and pushed herself away from the chair. Then - like a green explosion from larch branches. And again there was a loss of memory. When I woke up, I saw my husband again. Volodya sat with his hands on his knees and looked at me with a fixed gaze. It was raining, which washed the blood from his face, and I saw a huge wound on his forehead. Under the chairs lay a dead man and woman...

Later it was established that the piece of the plane, four meters long and three meters wide, on which Savitskaya fell, glided like an autumn leaf. He fell into a soft, marshy clearing. Larisa lay unconscious for seven hours. Then for two more days I sat in a chair in the rain and waited for death to come. On the third day I got up, started looking for people and came across a search party. Larisa received several injuries, a concussion, a broken arm and five cracks in the spine. You can’t go with such injuries. But Larisa refused the stretcher and walked to the helicopter herself.

The plane crash and the death of her husband remained with her forever. According to her, her feelings of pain and fear are dulled. She is not afraid of death and still flies calmly on airplanes.

Another case confirms the blackout. Arina Vinogradova is one of the two surviving flight attendants of the Il-86 plane, which in 2002, barely taking off, crashed into Sheremetyevo. There were 16 people on board: four pilots, ten flight attendants and two engineers. Only two flight attendants survived: Arina and her friend Tanya Moiseeva.

They say that in the last seconds your whole life flashes before your eyes. This didn’t happen to me,” Arina tells Izvestia. - Tanya and I were sitting in the first row of the third cabin, at the emergency exit, but not in service chairs, but in passenger seats. Tanya is opposite me. The flight was technical - we just needed to return to Pulkovo. At some point the plane began to shake. This happens with IL-86. But for some reason I realized that we were falling. Although nothing seemed to happen, there was no siren or roll. I didn't have time to get scared. Consciousness instantly floated away somewhere, and I fell into a black void.

I woke up from a sharp jolt. At first I didn’t understand anything. Then I gradually figured it out. It turned out that I was lying on a warm engine, littered with chairs. I couldn't unfasten myself. She started screaming, pounding on the metal and disturbing Tanya, who then raised her head and then lost consciousness again. The firefighters pulled us out and took us to different hospitals.

Arina still works as a flight attendant. The plane crash, she said, did not leave any trauma in her soul.

However, what happened had a very strong impact on Tatyana Moiseeva. Since then, she no longer flies, although she has not left aviation.

-Fifthly, a plane crash is a positive experience for survivors! Scientists have come to a unique conclusion: people who survived plane crashes subsequently turned out to be healthier from a psychological point of view. They showed less worry, anxiety, did not become depressed and did not experience post-traumatic stress, unlike subjects from the control group who had never had such an experience.

In conclusion, I bring to your attention the speech of Rick Elias, who sat in the front row of the plane that made an emergency landing in the Hudson River in New York in January 2009. You will find out what thoughts came to his mind as the doomed plane fell down...

In the specialized literature there is a concept "competent passenger"- a person who makes the most of his chances of survival in an emergency.

In 1974, during the crash of a B-707 plane in Pago Dago in Samoa, out of one hundred and one passengers, only five survived, who later said that they had carefully read the memo and listened to the flight attendant’s instructions. Therefore, to escape, they used the emergency exits on the wing, while other passengers created a stampede, rushing to the traditional entrance and exit. The commission found that most passengers would have been saved if they had simply known where the escape hatches were and how to use them.

Today, the airplane is one of the safest modes of transport. This is true, but only within the framework of statistics. It should be added that while it is still possible to survive in a car accident or train crash, a plane crash usually means the death of all passengers on board.

When on January 26, 1972, a bomb exploded on board a DC-9 of the Yugoslav airlines JAT, and the wreckage of the liner fell from a height of more than 10 km, it was clear to everyone that none of the passengers were saved. However, flight attendant Vesna Vulović survived. How could this happen? Some believe that Vesna Vulovich was saved by the fact that she had low blood pressure - she quickly lost consciousness, and this saved her from a heart attack. Others simply believe that a miracle happened. As a result of the disaster, Vulovich herself developed amnesia - she does not remember the explosion itself, or even what happened an hour before it. Therefore, it is unlikely that we will ever know the truth about this unusual case. Unusual because it had never happened before that someone had survived the crash of a plane flying so high.

More often plane crashes in which someone survived, is an unsuccessful takeoff of an aircraft or its forced landing. The forces acting in such cases are not as destructive as, for example, when two aircraft collide, tanks full of fuel explode, or fall from a great height. However, there is always a chance to survive, and it depends on many factors.

If you look at photographs of plane crashes, you can often see the tail of the plane sticking out of the wreckage, sometimes even intact. The tail is the last one to touch the ground during a fall, so the passenger sitting in the back has the greatest chance of surviving. The size of the aircraft also matters: the larger the car, the safer it is.

IN passenger planes there is no, as, for example, in fighter aircraft, a catapult for the pilot; you also cannot escape from a falling plane by parachute. Everything on passenger airliners is designed solely to prevent bodily harm from occurring in the cabin during a flight.

Unlike a car, an airplane, when it hits a stationary structure or any vehicle, usually does not stop, but rushes on. Therefore, passengers are not exposed to sudden impacts. An exception to this would be when an airplane collides with a mountain. In this case, the chances of salvation are minimal.

In other cases, if an emergency occurs during flight, the crew may decide to make an emergency landing, which is quite likely in a deserted area. At the same time, if conditions allow and the plane is controllable, they try to land on relatively flat terrain without obstacles, and in extreme cases, on a forest. In this case, injuries and the number of victims increase, but if the plane does not immediately fall apart and does not burn, then the chances of rescue increase.

There are several main types of emergency situations. In the air, in order to act correctly in them, you must not only know how to behave, but also mentally make the path to salvation in advance. This gives you a better chance that your memory will not fail you in a dangerous moment.

• Accidents during takeoff and landing

It is unlikely that you will be warned about this type of accident in advance. Therefore, the most reasonable tactic is to take preliminary personal safety measures before each takeoff and landing. For example, wearing outerwear: a coat or jacket (not synthetic!) can protect you from burns if you have to get out of a fire. Keep your shoes on, even if they are high heels, in case you have to walk on debris, burning plastic, etc. A woman should take off her high-heeled shoes only in front of the inflatable ladder, without blocking the escape route for other passengers and not let go of her shoes in order to immediately put on her shoes on the ground. Of course, you need to take off your tie, scarf, glasses, hair clips, etc. — in an extreme situation, even a pen in the side pocket of a jacket is dangerous. Carefully adjust your seat belt before each takeoff and landing. It should be firmly secured as low as possible near your hips. Check to see if there are any heavy suitcases overhead.

Immediately before an accident, it is usually possible to assume a safe, fixed position. It is usually recommended to bend over and clasp your hands tightly behind your knees (or grab your ankles). Your head should be placed on your knees, and if this does not work, tilt it as low as possible. Your feet should be placed on the floor, extending them as far as possible (but not under the front seat, which could become jammed in an accident).

The FAA recommends using the seat in front of you for another fixed position. You should place your arms crossed on the back of the chair and press your head to your hands. Also stretch your legs and lean forward. And, of course, both poses can only be taken with a seat belt fastened. At the moment of impact, you should tense up as much as possible and prepare for a significant overload. Its direction in most accidents is forward and, perhaps, downward.

Typically, emergency exits are located on the left and right sides of the fuselage. All passenger exits, approaches to them and opening means are clearly marked from a distance, making them easier to identify. The flight attendant describes the location of all exits from the cabin in a brief instruction. Having put aside all pre-boarding worries, listen to her carefully. Be sure to mentally imagine your path to the nearest exit. And if you are sitting next to the emergency hatch, then you have an additional responsibility: the lives of many people depend on whether you can open it. However, it is not always possible to open the nearest exit (flame outside, deformation of the fuselage in this place, etc.), so you need to remember about all the ways of escape.

For takeoff and landing accidents, suddenness is common, and you may not wait for a warning from the crew, so be aware of all events overboard (smoke, sharp descent, engine stops, etc.) to take a fixed position. However, under no circumstances leave your seat until the plane comes to a complete stop, do not cause panic. Only a professional can judge with confidence the danger of what is happening.

One of the most common accidents on board an airplane is bruises and other injuries sustained during turbulence.

Turbulence- these are various turbulences and air currents that move chaotically within the atmosphere in different directions. More than half of the cases of turbulence occur with an airplane at an altitude of over 6 thousand meters, 30% - at an altitude of up to 3 thousand meters and 5-10% - in the range from 3 to 6 thousand meters. Most often this happens in sunny days above houses or over an area with a strong temperature contrast (sand, forest, lake, road) - the earth’s surface warms up unevenly, and heated air masses rise upward at different speeds, which is why the plane can take off in updrafts or fall into air pockets.

This is exactly what happened with the American Airlines Boeing 747, which was flying over the Pacific Ocean December 28, 1997. Once in a turbulent zone, the huge machine instantly lost several tens of meters of altitude. All loose objects on board immediately flew up, hit the ceiling and fell on the heads of the passengers sitting in their seats. The most severely injured people were those who, although they were sitting in their seats, were not wearing seat belts. The plane itself was not damaged and continued to fly, but one woman died as a result of her injuries, and the remaining 100 wounded required medical attention.

Since airplanes fly at altitudes where the air is very thin and its pressure is much lower than usual, the cabin of the airliner must be sealed - as soon as the slightest crack appears, all the air will escape from the plane through it, and this is very dangerous. Therefore the majority modern aircraft are equipped with oxygen masks that automatically hover over each passenger seat in the event of cabin depressurization, and the pilots immediately begin to reduce their flight altitude.

Information about an approaching disaster, nervousness of the crew, smoke or fire escaping from the engines - all this can cause panic. First of all, you should never lose your head. It is advisable to become familiar with all the emergency systems that are on the plane before takeoff. It’s worth thinking over your own evacuation plan - figuring out where the emergency exit is and figuring out what can be done in the event of a disaster.

If threats arise emergency landing, you need to get rid of sharp objects (pencils, pens, etc.); It would be nice to have something soft (for example, a pillow) to protect your head.

Decompression(thin air on an airplane). Rapid decompression usually begins with a deafening roar (air is escaping). The salon fills with dust and fog. Visibility is sharply reduced. Air leaves a person's lungs quickly and cannot be retained. At the same time, ringing in the ears and pain in the intestines (gases expand) are likely.

Without waiting for commands or assistance from the crew, immediately put on an oxygen mask. The flight attendant will tell you where it is and how to use it at the beginning of the flight. The mask must be put on, and not just pressed to the nose and mouth - even with oxygen supplied, you can lose consciousness and drop the mask. For the same reason, you should not help someone before you put on a mask yourself, even if it is your child: if you do not have time to help yourself, both of you will find yourself without oxygen.

Decompression is an emergency situation that the crew immediately begins to correct by lowering the flight altitude. Below three thousand meters, the oxygen content can already be considered normal. Therefore, if signs of decompression occur, immediately after putting on the mask, fasten your seat belts and prepare for a sharp descent or “hard” landing.

Fire on board the plane. Most passengers estimate that during an overboard fire they will have about five minutes after landing to leave the plane. However, experience shows that it is better to count on one or two minutes. Fires are involved in approximately 20% of aircraft accidents; over 70% of people involved in plane crashes with fires survive.

It is very important to remember the location of the exits. In the event of a fire, this is also necessary because the smoke makes it difficult not only to breathe, but also to see the signs. And the most important thing in case of a fire is to immediately after stopping the plane, head to the nearest exit. Wherein:

• protect your skin - you should have a coat, hat, blanket;
• do not breathe smoke, protect yourself with clothing, bend down or even make your way to the exit on all fours - there should be less smoke below; remember - smoke, not fire, is the first danger;
• remove nylon tights and stockings; if they melt, they can cause severe burns;
• do not stand in the crowd at the exit if the line is not moving, remember that if there are other exits; if the passage is blocked, make your way through the chairs, lowering their backs;
• before takeoff, count and remember the number of seats in front and behind you on the way to the emergency exit, then you will be able to get to it even by touch in impenetrable smoke;
• don't take it with you hand luggage, it could cost you your life;
• do not open emergency hatches in a place where there is fire and smoke outside;
• be decisive and disciplined, fight panic on board by any means, provide maximum assistance to the flight attendant;
• Don't become the cause of a fire yourself: fire should be handled on board an airplane in the same way as in a fuel tanker.

Landing on water. A passenger who has a good chance of survival when landing on water must have some idea of ​​the aircraft's buoyancy position before he lands on the water. Some planes float horizontally, others with their tail submerged, and some with their nose submerged. Knowing this will prevent you from rushing to the emergency exit at the rear of the plane in a panic if that exit ends up underwater. You should also know in advance what water rescue equipment (vests, rafts, etc.) are available on board, where they are located and how to use them. Before sinking, the plane can float from 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this time may be significantly shorter.

After splashdown, life rafts should be launched into the water, which inflate automatically when released. If this does not happen, then you need to give a strong jerk to the halyard, which leads to the cylinder of the gas filling system. The time it takes to bring the raft into working condition is approximately one minute in summer and three minutes in winter.

Disasters on airplanes show two dangerous types of behavior among passengers: panic and apathy. Oddly enough, numbness is much more common. We must remember this in order to prevent such a reaction and under no circumstances stop fighting for our salvation.

How to survive a plane crash on the ground. Ed Galea, an Australian professor who survived a plane crash, wondered how he could improve his own chances of survival. The most important thing is to never forget that the plane can get into an accident. Naturally, we are not talking about a plane falling from a great height - it is almost impossible to survive in a car falling from a height of 10 thousand meters, however, the number of incidents that occur on the ground is much higher, and we should not forget that they also die People. Moreover, according to statistics, in the period from 1983 to 2000, 95% of passengers survived aircraft accidents in the United States. For example, in 2005 on board the liner Air France, which caught fire during landing at Toronto airport, there were 309 people, and all survived. This incident was called the "Miracle in Toronto".

Ed Galea was on board a plane in 1985 that, as it happens, went off the runway and caught fire. In this accident, 55 passengers flying with him died. Since then, he has been studying the rules of survival on board. During his work, he interviewed more than 2 thousand survivors of 105 aircraft accidents. Based on their experience, he derived a number of simple rules.

Today, air travel has become so popular that airplanes in terms of frequency of use for tourists are equal to cars and trains. However, air travel seems very dangerous and not entirely reliable to many. Is this really true, how do our ideas about the dangers of air travel compare with statistics and how often do planes crash?

Choosing transport for travel

During the period of long-awaited vacations and long holidays, many are faced with the problem of choosing to travel abroad to hot beaches or snow-covered ski resorts. And it is complex, because many factors need to be correlated, such as ease of movement, the price tag for the trip itself and, most importantly, safety. Let's look at statistical studies and find out how often planes crash and whether the scale of this is really as fatal as people think.

Are trains safer - misconception or not?

According to statistical studies, the most in a safe way People's mode of transportation is the train. The train has a slightly higher rating. Airplanes do not inspire confidence among the world's population at all. Only sixteen percent of respondents believe in their complete reliability. If we take cars into account, their safety rating is generally low, because they are initially considered very dangerous for driving over long distances.

However, in the struggle between various types Transport in terms of reliability is not so simple. Airplanes, according to many years of research by air crash experts and statistical studies, are rightfully recognized. However, people, even despite official scientific confirmation, still do not trust them. Why is this happening? Maybe the news that a plane has crashed somewhere really frightens tourists? Let's understand the situation.

The plane is not safe?!

Although statistics is an exact science, the final result depends very much on the calculation method. When determining the security level aircraft The number of tragic events per total number of flight kilometers is taken. It is this type of calculation that is mainly used by statisticians, and it is its results that are published in official sources.

The whole secret lies in the fact that most disasters occur during takeoffs and landings. On the way, plane crashes are much less common. But this method of calculation is very beneficial for transport companies, and they very often use it so as not to discourage tourists from choosing air travel for travel. Nevertheless, such an indicator as those killed in a plane crash (their number) during accidents during takeoff and landing is acquiring very large proportions.

If we take into account the calculation of tragic cases per total mileage of movement, then the most dangerous types of movement will be two types of movement - motorcycle and walking. One has only to look at the summary of tragic moments in any city and you can see that a lot of pedestrians die, even more than motorcyclists.

If you study other methods of statistical research, then the plane will give way to the train in terms of safety. For example, in terms of the number of passenger deaths per number of trips and speed of travel, air travel is the most unfavorable.

When considering other research methods, it turns out that trains are the best choice for travel. So it’s not without reason that tourists are in a fever from the mere news that a plane has crashed, and the trip railway rightfully has a safety advantage in people's minds.

Rating of the safest airlines

Be that as it may, you will still have to fly, since there are resorts that simply cannot be reached by any other type of transport, but you really want to. Despite the bad forecasts, negative reviews and gloomy opinions, our country is still not the weakest in terms of air travel safety. But the United States has been a leader in plane crashes for quite a long period of time. If we build a ranking by countries that own aircraft, we can say that the first five include Finland, New Zealand, Hong Kong and UAE. It is the companies of these five that are worth flying, and then no plane crash will be terrible. Russia, in this ranking, is in sixteenth place with the company Transaero.

Causes of plane crashes

Why do planes crash? Before choosing an airline, tourists first of all give preference to companies with the “youngest” modes of transport in terms of service life. However, this is not at all supported by statistical data. According to them, in Russia the company with the most unworn transport fleet is Aeroflot. Its aircraft are less than five years old. However, Finland, which occupies a leading position in flight safety and a small number of plane crashes, has had its aircraft in operation for more than nine years.

This fact indicates that an aircraft crash due to wear and tear and service life is unlikely. By choosing an airline based on the criterion of its small transport, the likelihood of a crash does not decrease at all. If we look at the statistics, we can see that a greater number of plane crashes occur due to the human factor, and there is no escape from this.

How to overcome your fear of flying, because there are situations when traveling by plane simply cannot be avoided. Psychologists give good advice on this matter. If fear is caused by any mental disorders, be it panic attacks or fear of a small enclosed space, then these are the problems that need to be solved.

However, in many cases, fear is caused by a lack of complete personal control over the situation and the safety of the flight. This must be accepted as inevitable, because any movement by transport depends little on us. Therefore, when traveling by air, it is recommended to simply relax and take your mind off bad thoughts by watching a movie on your tablet or listening to pleasant music. Never use alcohol to relieve stress. In fact, if it dulls the nervous state, it will only be for a short time, and then the problem will only get worse. The fear of flying needs to be addressed first of all with yourself. There is no need to simply get on your nerves, taking into account the information from news channels about how often planes crash, but you just need to calm down and try to take control of your emotions.

Which planes have the most accidents?

If we look at global statistics, Boeing can be considered the most unreliable, the second in the number of crashes is An, and the IL is in third place. If we turn to Russian research, we can see that the most “falling” in our country will be “An”. Why do planes crash? In 2005 alone, as many as nine cars of this brand crashed in Russia. In the world, they account for nineteen percent of all disasters.

The causes of plane crashes in Russia are explained by journalists in one key - the outdated transport fleet of domestic companies. Is this really true and how often do planes crash for this reason?

Causes of Russian plane crashes

In general, the aging of aircraft is expressed not in the number of years that have passed since its production, but in the amount of hours flown and the general technical condition. According to statistics, Russia has aircraft dating back to Soviet times, and their percentage is much higher than foreign-made units. However, you should not look at age. Compared to foreign ships, domestic ones flew much fewer hours, and Soviet production quality was one of the best in the world.

For what reason then does Russia purchase foreign aircraft for a lot of money when it has its own quite reliable aircraft? An example is the Tu aircraft. They have excellent flight safety statistics, and pilots consider them to be the most convenient in terms of technical design.

One of the reasons is the fact that Tu aircraft are very expensive in terms of the amount of fuel they consume. And since air travel has long become a separate type of business, company directors, in pursuit of reducing the cost of servicing their fleet of aircraft, give preference to foreign airliners, which are much more economical than their Russian counterparts.

Another reason is the decline of aircraft. The technologies for their production are significantly outdated, investments in aircraft factories are not being carried out. Therefore, our country cannot compete with more advanced foreign units.

How to save the situation?

In Russia, in order to stabilize the situation with the aircraft production market, the President signed a Decree on the creation of the United Aircraft Corporation. Moreover, investments in aircraft factories amounting to ten billion dollars were planned. This happened back in 2006. Currently the situation has not improved at all. The process of forming the corporation was greatly slowed down and, according to journalists, the purpose of its creation was not to study the competitor market, but to combine all assets Russian airlines In one place.

Nevertheless, there are positive developments. The Ilyushin Finance company purchased Il and Tu aircraft from Russia. The Tashkent production association concluded an agreement with the St. Petersburg airline for the supply of Il aircraft to Russia, most of of which will be of Russian configuration.

What you need to know about a plane crash?

No one is safe from an aircraft crash. However, if you have the necessary information about what happens when a plane crashes, you have a chance of surviving the crash. In the nineties, there was an accident with the B-707 airliner. The death toll in the plane crash numbered in the hundreds. However, five passengers used the information from the flight attendant's instructions and survived.

In some cases, there is a chance to be saved if you have the necessary knowledge. They are not as useless as they seem at first glance. Knowing what happens when a plane crashes, you can apply many effective methods for your own safety.

The main ways to protect yourself, as the statistics of plane crashes show us, is to follow safety precautions. First of all, it is necessary, if possible, to remain in shoes and clothing. This will provide protection in case of fire. Remove all foreign objects from your clothing pockets and fasten your seat belt tightly. It is allowed to be removed only after a special command from the flight attendant.

Immediately before an accident, if possible, you need to take a protective position - you need to bend as low as possible and clasp your hands very tightly under your knees. The head should be placed on them, and if this cannot be done, then lower it as far as possible. Your feet should rest as firmly as possible on the floor. This technique, and it is fully proven by the statistics of plane crashes, often saves the lives of passengers in a plane crash.

Finally

As you can see, flying is not such a scary thing. The main thing is to use tickets for flights only from time-tested airlines with a small number of accidents, and also to comply with the safety requirements for aircraft passengers, so that later experts do not have to study the crashing plane on which you were flying on vacation. warm country. Safe flights and successful landings and takeoffs!