The length of the Montenegrin coastline. Montenegro - travel company "scarab"
The ocean explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau considered the shore Adriatic Sea washing the coast of Montenegro one of the cleanest in Europe. Along with ordinary tourists, this mountainous country is also preferred by such celebrities as Bill Gates, Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt. Today, Montenegro is a unique reserve, a place where civilization harmoniously coexists with untouched nature, where the sea sparkles, medieval buildings peep through the greenery of the mountains and flowers are everywhere!
Geographical position of Montenegro
Montenegro is located in the central part of the Mediterranean, in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Croatia to the north, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, and Albania to the southeast. Length coastline 293 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km. Part of the Adriatic Sea between Montenegro and Southern Italy- this is the widest (200 km) and the deepest (1330 m). Area: 13812 sq. km (0.14% of the whole of Europe).
Capital
Podgorica (173 thousand people) is the administrative center of the Republic of Montenegro. Cetinje - ancient capital, historical and cultural center.
Climate in Montenegro
The diversity of the relief greatly affects the climate. Giant Mountain chain closes the coast northern winds. Therefore, the Mediterranean climate prevails at sea, and continental in the mountains. The average annual air temperature in Montenegro is +17°C, and in July and August +29°C. The swimming season in Montenegro begins in April and lasts until November. The sea temperature for seven months ranges from +20 to +26°C.
Population
620 thousand people (as of spring 2011). Montenegrins 62%, Bosnians 13%, Serbs 9%, Albanians 7%
State structure
Republic of Montenegro
Language in Montenegro
Serbian (alphabet - Cyrillic and Latin). All Montenegrins perfectly understand Russian.
Religion in Montenegro
Montenegrins and Serbs profess Orthodoxy, national minorities - Catholicism and Islam.
Customs
You can import and export an unlimited amount of foreign currency into the country, but it is advisable to declare large amounts at the entrance. It should be noted that border and customs procedures are simplified as much as possible. You can import and export duty-free 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars, a liter of spirits and 2 liters of wine. The export of objects and things of historical and artistic value is prohibited - without special permission.
Car rent
To rent a car in Montenegro, you need to be at least 21 years old, have a driving experience of at least two years (plus, of course, an international certificate), and leave a deposit of 150-300 euros. Speed - 40 km / h - in settlements, 70 km / h - on the highway, 120 km / h - on the autobahn.
Money in Montenegro
Euro. 1 euro = 100 cents.
The work of banks
On working days from 08:00 - 19:00, on Saturday from 08:00 - 15:00
Telephone code of Serbia and Montenegro
Required phones
Police - 92, fire department - 93, ambulance-94, roadside assistance - 987. Codes of some cities: Herceg Novi and Igalo - 88, Budva, Becici, Petrovac, Milocer and Sveti Stefan - 86, Bar, Sutomore, Ulcinj, Ada-Boyana - 85, Tivat - 82
mobile connection
Works in the GSM standard, so you can use roaming. But it is more convenient and more profitable to buy a card from one of the local operators - Pro Monte or Monet. There is no noticeable difference between them, express payment cards for account replenishment are sold in any mini-market.
ElectricityNational parks
Durmitor (39.000 ha), Lovcen (6.400 ha), Biogradska Gora (5.400 ha). World natural and cultural heritage are under the protection of UNESCO.
Beach
The beaches in Montenegro are some of the best in the world, and thanks to their diversity, you can choose a vacation by the sea for every taste. Here there are areas with fine sand (Ulcinj Riviera, Budva Riviera), while most (Zhanits, Nivic, Sutomore) - with very small pebbles, the size of buckwheat. Artificial beaches (concrete platform) are located in Tivat, Herceg Novi, Bar, Igalo. There are very crowded beaches, but there are secluded ones, there are beaches for "textile workers" and for nudists, there are, paid and free. Almost all beaches are located in secluded bays between steep cliffs, closed from the wind and waves. Length sea coast Montenegro is 299 km, and the length of the beaches is 73 km. Renting umbrellas and sunbeds will cost 5-7 EUR per day. Guests 4-5 star hotels, as a rule, use umbrellas and sunbeds for free. The largest beach ("Velika Plaža") is located in Ulcinj, its length is 13 km.
Cuisine of Montenegro
Local cuisine is divided into 3 types - purely local, fish and Italian. Portions are huge. Despite the proximity of the Adriatic Sea, fish cuisine in Montenegro is very expensive. Local cuisine - "fairy tale" of pork or beef. The cost of a dinner with wine for 2 persons varies from 12 to 20 euros. If this is a fish dish, then the cost of lunch will be from 20 to 30 euros. In many Montenegrin restaurants, after the third visit to the restaurant, guests for the fourth time can be fed at the expense of the institution.
The shops
Department stores and supermarkets are open daily from 06:00 to 21:00. Other shops from 09:00 to 21:00. In tourist centers, almost all shops are open until 23:00, and some are open on Sundays. With souvenirs in the country "tension", the whole selection - national costumes and hats (rather expensive and purely decorative), T-shirts with a map of the country and the inscription Montenegro, bottles, plates and various handmade wooden utensils, lace, musical instruments (psaltery, pipes), icons (reproductions) - mainly at monasteries, painting and sculpture.
Safety
The crime rate in Montenegro is relatively low. There are petty thefts from cars parked in unguarded parking lots. The attitude towards foreigners is very friendly. In tourist areas, you can safely be in the evening. Lives in mountainous and border areas a large number of Albanians. Visiting such places, especially where tourism is poorly developed, is not recommended without local accompaniment. You must follow basic safety precautions and listen to the recommendations of your guide.
Transport
All cities and large settlements are interconnected by bus service. During the tourist season, bus stations operate around the clock. Buses to Belgrade regularly leave from Podgorica. In Herceg Novi and other cities on the coast there is a bus service to Croatia. From Ulcinj, a bus leaves once a day for the city of Shkoder in Albania. Intracity bus service in Montenegro there is almost nowhere, with the exception of Podgorica. Short distances allow you to walk, ride a cheap taxi.
Souvenirs and shopping
As a keepsake, you can buy national costumes and hats (rather expensive and purely decorative), T-shirts with a map of the country and the inscription Montenegro, bottles, plates and various handmade wooden dishes, lace, musical instruments (psaltery, pipes), reproductions of famous icons (in mainly at monasteries), painting and sculpture.
Attractions
It is in Montenegro that the largest lake in the Balkans is located - Skadar. 40 islands betray its special charm, some of them have perfectly preserved medieval fortresses and monasteries. By the way, Skadar Lake is one of the few places where you can watch pelicans in their natural habitat.
In the Cetinje Monastery there are two of the most important Orthodox shrines - a particle of the Holy Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, on which Jesus Christ was crucified, and the right hand of the prophet John the Baptist.
The current Montenegro is one of the most common tourist destinations among European countries. The natural luxury of this delightful country, comfortable climate, many values of history and architecture, and low prices attract more and more tourists to the country of black mountains and white beaches.
Montenegro is famous for its natural treasures, among which are the Shas and Skadar lakes of stunning azure-bluish color, national park, inside which is the famous Black Lake and the colorful canyons of the Tara and Morac rivers,
Any corner of Montenegro is interesting in its own way, and all exotic places beyond description, so this delightful country is a must-visit. The country most likely acquired the name (Black Mountain) due to the impenetrable black forests, which in the Middle Ages covered Mount Lovcen and the rest of the alpine uplands of ancient Montenegro.
tourist country
Montenegro today is a very popular Eastern European country in terms of tourism. Mountain landscapes, the purest Adriatic Sea, optimal temperature - that's why holidays here are so popular. Even when it is cloudy in most resorts, in Montenegro the weather always pleases vacationers with its mild Mediterranean climate. In summer, the air warms up to +40 °С, and the water temperature on the Montenegrin coast reaches +25 °С. What else do you need to have a great time? Meanwhile, winter in the mountains is snowy and moderately cold, which favors the development of ski tourism.
The number of those who dream of spending their holidays in Montenegro, relaxing or improving their health is constantly growing, many people from all over Europe even dream of buying real estate here for this - after all, with wonderful natural conditions housing prices here are lower than in most other countries.
Geographic location
Montenegro is located in the south of Europe, on the southwestern side of the Balkans. Its southern border passes with Albania, in the west - with Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the northern side its neighbors are Serbia and Croatia. The area of Montenegro is territorially conditionally divided into three regions: mountains in the northeastern part of the country, the coast of the Adriatic Sea, as well as the flat basin of Lake Skadar and the valley landscape around it. The length of the coast reaches 293.5 km. The state owns 14 offshore islands.
In the north west there is a large inflow - Boka Kotorska. The main beaches are located on Montenegro - a colorful country that bathes in the waters of the Adriatic. The coastal line occupies about a third of the state's border. Rocky mountains, colorful architecture and generous nature - this is what Montenegro is famous for today. Mountain tourism captivates no less than rest on the sea coasts. The Durmitor National Park offers tourists the delightful colors of the Black Mountains. The path to them is more convenient and interesting to lead through the town of Pluzine. On the way, you can see the Piva artificial reservoir, with a natural emerald hue. You can go through tunnels carved into the rocks, they have winding roads in the form of a serpentine. Here you can find stunning views of the Black Lake, the canyon of the Tara River, the Dzhurzhevich bridge between two mountain banks.
The country is characterized by cozy towns with small houses and huge natural expanses. The most famous cities among travelers are Podgorica, Kotor, Budva, Perast, Petrovets, Cetinje.
Capital
The city of Podgorica is the largest locality Montenegro, which is the center of economy and industry of the state. Tourists are attracted to the city narrow streets and unique old buildings of the ancient regions of Stara Varosh and Drach. The most fascinating places to visit are the Church of St. George, the Cathedral of Christ's Sunday, the Museum of Natural History, the National Theatre, the Njegus Palace and the Art Gallery. Of the modern structures - the Millennium Bridge (Millennium), stretching across the Morac River. Not far from Podgorica, you can see the ruins of the ancient fortress of Medun, which existed in the 3rd century BC. e.
Population
It has about 627,000 inhabitants. The population is distributed according to ethnic composition in the following way:
- Montenegrins - 43%;
- Serbs - 32%;
- Bosnians - 8%;
- Albanians - 5%;
- other nationalities: Croats, Russians, Gypsies.
The official language in the country is Montenegrin, which belongs to the Slavic languages, and therefore is very close to the Russian and Ukrainian languages. The most popular foreign languages are German and English.
Historical and cultural capital The city of Tsetne is rightfully considered to be located in a colorful valley at the foot of the Lovcen mountain. The complex of historical, cultural and architectural sights create a true museum under open sky. Of the most visited places by tourists, the following stand out: the Billiard Palace, Royal Palace Nikola I, Vlaška Church, art, ethnographic and many different museums. You should definitely get into the National Park, see the royal family estate of Petrovich in the picturesque village of Njegusi on the top of Mount Lovcen. Here you can also visit the Mausoleum of Peter II Negosh.
The total area of Montenegro is 13,812 km².
The largest resorts: Budva, Becici, Herceg, Petrovac, Novi, Bar. Airports: Podgorica and Tivat. highest place Montenegro: the top of Bobotov Kuk in the Durmitor mountain range - 2522 m. Here is Skadar Lake - the deepest on the Balkan Peninsula, its depths reach up to 530 km. Here is the deepest European canyon along the Tara River, with a depth of up to 1300 m. Due to the successful geography of Montenegro on the coast, the climate is subtropical: the summer is long, hot and dry, the air warms up to + 28-32 ˚С, the water in the sea - up to + 22-26 ˚С, and a short mild winter with temperatures up to +8 +10 ˚С. beach season lasts six months a year, because Montenegro, by the number sunny days per year goes only to Cyprus. In mountainous areas, the climate is temperate continental, winters are long and snowy, which favors the development ski holidays.
Kitchen
A feature of the entire Montenegrin cuisine is the high ecological purity of the products used. The land in Montenegro is so fertile that additional artificial fertilizers are not used here at all, and the local population has not even heard of GMOs. Natural food, clean ecology, mountain air and sea water - everything is conducive to improving the health of the local population, not without reason there is a high life expectancy here. Typical Slavic cuisine with Mediterranean elements - a variety of meat dishes, seafood, fruits, vegetables. Don't forget to try the local wines "Vranac" and "Krstac", as well as grape vodka - vine. Another distinctive feature of Montenegrin cuisine is large portions both in bars and restaurants, which cannot but please foreign guests of the country.
First of all, in Montenegro, tourists buy local handicrafts: jewelry, haberdashery, honey, olive oil, wine. Shops are open daily, from morning to late evening. Both supermarkets and small shops are open every day from 6:00 to 20:00, and in tourist centers - until 23:00. Everywhere you can also find shops that operate around the clock. In local markets, purchases can be made in the morning.
Holidays and recreation
In Montenegro, there are many holidays in the year, both state and religious: on January 1 and 2, the population of Montenegro celebrates New Year, January 6 and 7 - Christmas, April 27 - Statehood Day in Montenegro, people also celebrate Christian Easter in the spring with the whole Orthodox world, May 1 and 2 - Spring and Labor Day, May 9 - Victory Day, June 4 - Partisan Day, June 13 - Day of the uprising, November 29 and 30 - days of the republic. If the celebration falls on a weekend, then the weekdays following them are also considered weekends.
The political system of the country
According to the Constitution of the country, adopted in 2007, Montenegro is a free democratic state. The President of Montenegro is elected for five years by general secret ballot. Filip Vujanovic has been in charge of the state since 2003. During the reign of the current president in May 2006, the independence of Montenegro was proclaimed. The residence of the President of Montenegro is located in Cetinje.
Currency regulation
What is the currency in Montenegro? The monetary currency in Montenegro is the euro. There are no special restrictions on import and export. Tourists are allowed to import and export any amount of foreign currency that was declared upon entering the country, without a declaration, the export of cash currency from the country is allowed no more than 500 euros. When exporting large amounts, it is necessary to declare them. In this case, it is necessary to present a declaration that the indicated amount of currency was previously imported to the area of Montenegro. The National Bank of the State operates only on weekdays. Commercial banks receive clients on Thursdays and Fridays. On weekends, only currency exchange offices operate. It is better to use plastic cards, then the question of which currency in Montenegro is better to pay and where to change it will not arise.
Hotels
Over the past decades, a huge current has flowed into the Montenegrin economy - tourism, which brings significant profits to the state. The excellent ecological situation and convenient location attract more and more wealthy Europeans here. Recently, many comfortable hotels, inns, private villas and mini-hotels have been built in Montenegro, money has been invested in the development of resort infrastructure. Many hotels have been renovated. It is very common to live in private villas. Usually, this is a 3-5-storey building with standard rooms and apartments, equipped with everything necessary for a comfortable pastime. Almost all of them provide tourists with breakfast. All private villas are located at a distance of 900 to 200 m from hotels in private villas: check-in after 12:00, check-out before 11:00. The composition of the population by ethnicity: Montenegrins (43%) and Serbs (32%), other nationalities - Bosnians, Albanians, Croats, Russians, Gypsies. The official language in the country is Montenegrin.
Religion in Montenegro
The Montenegrin population in the majority professes the Orthodox Christian faith (74%), in the minority - Islam (18%) and Catholicism (4%). The most popular attraction of the state is the Ostrog Monastery. It is located 15 km from Danilovgrad in a delightful natural place. This monastery is a famous Orthodox shrine in the world, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims of various faiths come to it every year to touch the miraculous power of the relics of St. Basil of Ostrog. The top of the monastery is carved into the rock at an altitude of 900 m and looks amazing.
The Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Montenegro is one of the most stunning Orthodox churches in the world. Religion in Montenegro has a special relationship. In the nineties of the XX century, the construction of the cathedral started in Podgorica. It was a project of the most majestic Orthodox church in the Balkans, grandiose in its scale and beauty. The construction of the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ began in 1993, Metropolitan Amfilohiy of Montenegro and Primorsky. The cathedral can be visited by five thousand parishioners at the same time. The largest bell was made in Voronezh at the Anisimov factory and weighs 10 tons. Together, all 14 temple bells weigh close to 20 tons. The temple is still painted and completed today.
Nature
The cleanest sea of the Adriatic, captivating mountain ranges, a coast with many inlets, protected from strong winds and storms, excellent beaches, sun, magnificent nature - this is all Montenegro. The description of it can be continued endlessly, but it is better to see everything with your own eyes.
In the early 90s, Montenegro was called a country of pure, untouched and protected nature. This land of sharp contrasts, located on a small area, Montenegro has both the sea with excellent beaches and mountains covered with snow all year round, creating conditions for a ski holiday. The beaches of Montenegro stretch along the Adriatic coast. 173 beaches with a total length of 73 km occupy a quarter of the entire coast with a length of 293 km. A tourist can visit a beach with different preferences - with fine or coarse sand, pebble or rocky, in calm creeks or on capes protruding into the sea, there are modernly equipped beaches or wild ones with virgin nature. The water in the sea is dark blue in color, its transparency is amazing - 40-55 meters, salinity ranges from 28% in the Boka Kotorska inlet, and up to 38% in the south near Ulcinj. There are nudist beaches, there is even a nudist village. At the level of mountain cliffs, the climate is typical subalpine - with cold snowy winters and moderate summers. In the northern mountains of Montenegro, snow usually lies for many months, and sometimes even throughout the year.
Transport and communications
What transport is developed in the country? Air transport. Montenegro has two airports of international importance - in the cities of Tivat and Podgorica. The national one cannot yet compete with the largest carriers, but its planes fly to Europe and the neighboring Balkan countries. Regular flights here are also carried out by the Russian Aeroflot and the Serbian airline JAT.
There is also a railway that connects the following cities: Subotica - Novi - Sad - Belgrade - Bar. Railway laid from the port through Podgorica to Belgrade, there is also a direction Podgorica - Niksic. Water transport. Port - the city of Bar. There is a constant ferry crossing to Italy (Bar-Bari route). Seaports: Kotor and Perast. Maritime transport connects everything beach resorts on the coast.
There are bus routes between all cities. Pretty good, as for a mountainous country, roads, traffic - right-hand.
Main motorways: Adriatic highway; routes from the coast through Podgorica to Sarajevo and Belgrade. In the country, the bus is the most common form of transportation, and in some places the only one. Stops on demand along the way are allowed. Tip for tourists: it is better to buy a ticket at any kiosk, because a ticket bought on the bus will be about 2 times more expensive.
Operators mobile communications in Montenegro are ProMonte and Monet.
Safety
For security reasons, video and photography can only be taken where there is no special sign - a crossed-out camera. It is not allowed to photograph objects of transport and energy significance, port facilities and objects of military subordination. By the way, in Montenegro today the crime rate is very low, so that both residents and tourists of this country can feel safe and calmly enjoy the picturesque beauties of this unique land.
Montenegro is located in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. The name of the state comes from the toponym Black Mountain. The total area of the country is 13.8 thousand square meters. km. The capital of Montenegro is the city of Podgorica (former Titograd).
Montenegro is washed from the south by the Adriatic Sea. The state in the west borders on Croatia, in the northwest there are borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the northeast - with Serbia, in the east - with Kosovo with Albania in the southeast.
Total length land borders state is 614 km. With the Republic of Croatia - 14 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km, with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo - 203 km, with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.
Until June 2006, Montenegro was part of the confederal State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The country occupied 13.5% of its total area. Montenegro gained independence on June 3, 2006.
The territory of the country conditionally consists of three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, the relatively flat central part of the country, as well as the mountain systems of the east of the country. In the central part of the country are two of its most major cities– Podgorica and Nikisic.
The continental coastline of Montenegro stretches for almost 300 km. The state includes 14 sea islands. The length of the coastline of these islands is 15.6 km. In the north-west of Montenegro there is a large bay called Boka Kotorska, which cuts into the land for 29.6 km. Its water surface area is 87.3 km².
The total length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
There are many rivers on the territory of Montenegro. About 52.2% of the country's rivers belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47.8% belong to the Adriatic Sea basin. The longest of them are: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Ceotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Bojana (30 km).
Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout the country throughout their entire length. The Boyana River used to be the only navigable river in the country. Currently, it is no longer navigable.
Almost all the rivers of the country are mountainous, they form fairly deep canyons. The Tara River Canyon is considered the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. Its depth is about 1200 meters.
The famous Skadar Lake is the most large lake not only the country, but also the entire Balkan Peninsula. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the territory of this lake belongs to Montenegro, and one third belongs to Albania.
The second largest lake in Montenegro is Lake Shasskoe, with an area of 3.64 km². The lake is located near Ulcinj. There are also 29 small mountain lakes in the country. glacial origin. Their total area is 3.89 km².
The territory of Montenegro is mountainous. The highest point of the country is Mount Bobotov-Kuk (Durmitor mountain range). Its height is 2522 m. The areas adjacent to the Adriatic coast are located in the zone of narrow coastal plains, which are interrupted by mountain spurs and rocky capes.
- state in Southern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula. In the southeast it borders with Albania, in the south it is separated from Italy by the Adriatic Sea, in the west it has borders with Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The length of the sea coast of Montenegro (including the Malente Islands) is 293.5 km.
The name comes from the toponym Black Mountain.
Official name: Montenegro (Crna Gora).
Capital: Podgorica
The area of the land: 13,812 sq. km
Total population: 620 thousand people
Administrative division: Montenegro is divided into 21 communities.
Form of government: Republic.
Head of State: The president.
Composition of the population: 57% - Montenegrins, 30.% - Serbs, 7.77% - Bosniaks, 3% - Albanians, 1% - Russians, 0.42% - Gypsies.
Official language: Montenegrin. Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Albanian are also recognized as official languages.
Religion: 74.24% - Orthodox, 17.74% - Muslims, 3.54% - Catholics.
Internet domain: .me
Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz
Phone country code: +382
Country barcode: 389
Climate
Montenegro has a Mediterranean type of climate, which is characterized by dry and hot summers and cool winters with heavy rainfall. Despite the fact that the territory of the country is small, 4 climatic regions can be distinguished here: the coast, the rocky plateau, the plain and the highlands.
A narrow strip, 2 - 10 km wide along the coast of Montenegro, has the most pronounced features of the Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot there (medium daily temperature in July 28..30 C), and there is little precipitation (25 - 50 mm per month). The rainy period lasts from November to January, at this time 170 - 260 mm falls per month, in the north of the coast there is 1.5 times more precipitation than in the south. The average monthly temperature at night in January does not fall below 4..5 C, and in the daytime 11..13 C. Negative temperatures are not observed every year. The swimming season lasts 5 months from the end of May to October, the water temperature is 20..25 C.
A rocky plateau separates the coast from the interior of the country. It receives the most precipitation in Europe, as its southwestern slopes trap the humid air coming from the sea. So, in the village of Krivosie, located above the Bay of Kotor, 480 mm of precipitation per day was noted. In the town of Crkvice, the maximum annual rainfall was 5155 mm, and in the cultural capital of the country, Cetinje, located on a plateau near Mount Lovcen, the maximum average annual rainfall (3927 mm / year). Just like on the coast, there is noticeably less precipitation in summer (60 - 80 mm in July), and the rainiest month is November (500 - 700 mm).
The height difference between the coast and the plateau is on average 1000 m, and the height of some peaks reaches 1700 m. Therefore, in summer it is cooler here than on the coast, the average daily temperature in July varies from 23 to 27 C, depending on the height. in winter average temperature at night -3..-5 C, and in the daytime 5..8 C. Snow usually falls in December and remains until mid-March.
The plain is protected by a rocky plateau from the direct impact of the Adriatic Sea, so it is hotter here in summer than on the coast (average daily temperature in July is 30..32oC), and cooler in winter: an average of 0..3oC at night and 9..11oC during the day. Precipitation falls mainly in autumn and winter. In July, 30 - 60 mm of precipitation falls, and in November 250 - 300 mm.
The climate of the highlands has features of subalpine. In winter, the average temperature at night is -6..-9 C, and in the daytime 0..3oC, but it decreases with altitude. Snow usually falls at the end of November and remains until the end of March. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year, with a maximum in November (it can fall from 100 to 300 mm per month, depending on the orientation of the slope). The summer is cool, the average temperature during the day is 19..23 C (it can be colder in the high mountains!), and at night it is 8..10 C.
Best time to visit:
For beach holiday July and August are best suited - the hottest, driest and sunniest months. In September, when the sea is still warm, and the main wave of tourists has already subsided, you can also have a great rest on the sea. Diving, windsurfing, paragliding and other sports, as well as sightseeing, can be practiced almost all year round, except November-December. You can safely go on a trip to the mountainous regions from April to October. ski season runs from December to March.
Geography
Montenegro is a small country located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Its area is only 13.8 thousand km2. Nevertheless, 4 different natural and climatic regions can be distinguished on the territory of the country: coastal, plateau, high mountains and flat, overlooking Lake Skadar.
In the west, Montenegro borders on Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the coast - on Croatia, on the north and northeast - on Serbia, and on the east - on Albania. From the south it is bounded by the Adriatic Sea, the length of the coastline is about 300 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km, of which 56 km are sandy beaches.
The Montenegrin coast, only 2-10 km wide, is sandwiched between the sea and the rocky plateau that abruptly breaks off towards it. One of the best harbors in Europe is located in Montenegro - the Bay of Kotor (protrudes into the coast for more than 20 km), consisting of several spacious bays interconnected by narrow channels. For a long time there was a belief that the bay is a fjord, but now it is believed that the Bay of Kotor is the remains of a river canyon that once existed here. Strong tectonic and karst processes led to its gradual destruction.
A karst plateau rises above the coast, the terrain here is harsh, but beautiful in its own way. The rocks dry out quickly: even the strongest annual downpours cannot significantly moisten the soil, so there are few plants and animals here. Rare patches of fertile land are found only on small plains and crater-like depressions. The Lovcen National Park is located here.
The basin of Lake Skadar, the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Belopavlitskaya Plain and the Niksic Field make up a flat area with a height difference of 350 m. The main part of the population of Montenegro lives in the flat area. Here are the two largest cities of the country - Podgorica and Niksic, as well as the national park "Skadar Lake".
In the north of the country, northeast of the rivers Piva, Komarnica and Moraca, there is a highland region. In the highlands, 4 large mountain ranges can be distinguished: Vizitor, Durmitor and Komovi (they form the Dinaric Highlands) and Prokletie (Cursed Mountains). The height of the peaks reaches more than 2000 m above sea level. The most high point Montenegro - Mount Bobotov Kuk (2522 m) is located in the Durmitor massif.
In the highlands there are pastures and forests, numerous mountain lakes. The rivers Piva, Tara, Moraca and their tributaries carved narrow canyons with steep banks in the rocks. The Tara River Canyon is the largest in Europe and the second in the world, its depth reaches 1300 m. There are also two national parks in this region - "Biogradska Gora" and "Durmitor".
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world
The flora of Montenegro is very rich, despite the harsh conditions in the mountainous regions that occupy most of the country. Here, on only 0.14% of the territory of Europe, 2833 species of plants grow, which is almost a quarter of the species of European flora. On the coast you can find olive and fruit groves, cypresses, palm trees and grapes. However, most of the coastal cliffs are covered with maquis - dense thickets of evergreen shrubs, characteristic of the Mediterranean.
Higher in the mountains there are oak and coniferous forests. The Belasitsa mountain range, where the Biogradska Gora National Park is located, is covered with mixed forest. There are trees of 86 species here, including spruce, fir, beeches, elms, oaks, maples and even mountain ash. Alpine edelweisses, which have become rare, grow in the mountains, as well as mountain cornflowers and violets; such vegetation is typical for the alpine meadow belt.
In the area of another national park"Skadar Lake" area is completely different. The main part of its coast is swampy, overgrown with reeds, and the surface of the lake is covered with a carpet of yellow and white water lilies. Many types of vegetation are endemic, i.e. found only in this area.
Animal world
The fauna of Montenegro is also rich. From predators in mountainous areas there are wolves, bears, foxes. They prey on deer, fallow deer, chamois, wild goats, hares and ground squirrels. There are wild boars in the valleys. Several hundred species of fish are found in the Adriatic Sea, including sea bass, mullet, red mullet, as well as shrimps, lobsters, and octopuses.
The rivers are rich in trout, perch, carp, catfish, carp and pike. 50 species of fish live in Skadar Lake, the local population hunts mainly bleak and carp. In addition, Skadar Lake is a permanent or temporary habitat for 270 bird species. Here you can see colonies of pelicans, cormorants, herons and black ibises. The lake attracts ornithologists from all over the world.
Attractions
On the territory of Montenegro, many historical and cultural monuments, and most of them, despite the numerous wars that swept through this land, are in excellent condition. Hundreds of medieval monasteries and ancient cities, dozens balneological resorts, unique natural complexes of the southern part of the Balkans, tens of kilometers of beaches of the Montenegrin Riviera, good-natured and friendly people - this is far from full list virtues of this country.
Montenegro and during the time of united Yugoslavia was the main tourist area countries. Due to the diverse relief, the purest mountain rivers, warm sea(which, by the way, is considered the cleanest in Europe), luxurious coastline (length is 290 km, beaches - 73 km, and 56 km of them are sandy, which is quite rare for this region), excellent climate and the status of a European ecological park, this tiny The country is one of the recognized centers of tourism in Europe.
Banks and currency
The monetary unit is the euro (coins 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 euro cents, 1 and 2 euros; banknotes 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 euros).
The National Bank of Montenegro is open from Monday to Friday (10:30-14:00). Commercial banks are open from 08:00 to 19:00, on Saturdays - from 08:00 to 13:00, Sunday is a day off. On weekends, you can use exchange offices. There are many ATMs in Montenegro, through which you can make transactions with foreign currency. ATMs are installed in banks, airports and some hotels. Some stores and hotels accept payments with credit cards. In the bank you can always find several employees who speak English or Russian.
Useful information for tourists
Montenegrins are extremely tolerant of manifestations of inter-ethnic differences, even to the issue of inter-ethnic conflicts in the Balkans. But it is not recommended to talk about politics or the collapse of the SFRY.
The crime rate is low. The police are cracking down on any form of fraud. foreign tourists, but at the household level, there are frequent cases of petty fraud or supposedly a sudden language barrier, so you should be especially careful when discussing financial matters and never give money up front until the service is rendered.
Tipping in restaurants is generally 5% of the bill.
For drinking, it is better to use mineral or bottled water.
The price level in the country is quite low, but varies markedly depending on the location. In coastal areas, everything is about 25% more expensive.
Geographical position of the country
Montenegro is a state in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula.
Geographical coordinates: 42 30 N, 19 18 E
The territory of the country has the shape of an irregular trapezoid, with its top facing the sea. The length from north to south and from west to east is about 200 km, the Adriatic coast is about 100 km (not counting the coastline of the winding Bay of Kotor).
It is washed by the Adriatic Sea, has land borders with Croatia in the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northwest, Serbia in the northeast, partially recognized by the Republic of Kosovo in the east and Albania in the southeast.
The territory of the country can be conditionally divided into three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, the relatively flat central part of the country, on which its two largest cities are located: Podgorica and Niksic, and the mountain systems of the east of the country.
The length of the land borders of the state is 614 km: in the west with the Republic of Croatia - 14 km; in the northwest with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km; in the northeast with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo 203 km; in the southeast with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.
The continental coastline of Montenegro has a length of about 300 km. Montenegro has 14 sea islands, the total length of the coastline of which is 15.6 km. In the north-west of the country there is a large bay of Boka Kotorska, which has a water surface area of 87.3 km² and cuts into land for 29.6 km.
The length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km. The temperature of sea water for seven months ranges from + 12 to +26 ° C, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
The relief of the country
The Republic of Montenegro occupies the highest outskirts of the Dinaric Highlands, consisting of separate mountain ranges, ridges and intermountain basins. Here, many peaks rise above 2000 m above sea level; in the south, on the border with Albania, there is the highest point of the country - Mount Dzhyaravitsa (2656 m). The marginal ridges of the highlands have a steep drop towards the Adriatic Sea.
Some of the mountain ranges are a bare karst plateau, while others, and most of them, are covered with dense coniferous forests, which gave some philologists the right to derive the name of the country from the blackness of mountain dark coniferous forests.
Rocky plateaus - a picturesque region of Montenegro, which literally adjoins the coast. Mountain and sea air currents meet here. This region is poorly populated. In the area above Kotor, the rainfall reaches about 4800 mm per year: this is the highest figure in Europe. Here you can observe the strongest showers for many days.
Central Plain. Lake Skadar, the valley of the Zeta River and the plains in the region of the largest cities of Montenegro, Niksic, Danilovgrad and Podgorica. Its average height is 40 m (in the north, the fertile lowlands and river valleys are an ideal place for settlements, so the largest number of the country's population is concentrated here. Three of the largest cities in the country are also located here - Niksich and Podgorica and Danilovgrad, as well as the Skadar National Park lake. The plains do not occupy too large areas. The area of \u200b\u200bSkadar Lake, the valley of the Zeta River and the Niksic Field are well suited for agriculture. In essence, all the fertile lands of the country are limited to this, therefore Montenegro is by no means an agrarian country. The climate is very warm on the plain, summers are warmer than in the subtropics of Primorye. air masses they go from the sea along the valley and reach Podgorica, so this is the warmest city in all of Montenegro.
Highlands. The north of Montenegro is occupied by high mountains. These mountains are rich in pastures, forests and lakes. The rivers Morats, Piva, Tara and their tributaries cut canyons in the rocks - narrow channels with steep banks. There are two national parks in this region - Biogradsky and Durmitor. Highlands occupies the largest area of the country and is its important attraction. There are mountain plateaus surrounded on all sides at an altitude of 1400-1700 meters. They are separated by mountain peaks over 2000 meters high, including the most high mountain Bobotov Kuk is located on the Durmitor massif - 2522 meters. Except majestic mountains The area is extremely attractive for its reservoirs. In total, there are 29 alpine lakes of rare beauty in Montenegro. Mountain rivers also flow here, such as Piva, Tara, Moracha, Zeta. These rivers, as well as their tributaries, for millions of years of their existence, have made narrow channels with steep banks in the rocks - canyons, whose beauty and size are unique. The Tara River Canyon is the largest in Europe, its depth reaches 1300 meters. Only the Grand Canyon in Colorado is larger than it. The Tara River, the cleanest European river, which is under the protection of UNESCO, is suitable for active tourism, such as rafting.
Climate of Montenegro
Montenegro has a Mediterranean type of climate, which is characterized by dry and hot summers and cool winters with heavy rainfall. Despite the fact that the territory of the country is small, 4 climatic regions can be distinguished here: the coast, the rocky plateau, the plain and the highlands.
A narrow strip, 2 - 10 km wide along the coast of Montenegro, has the most pronounced features of the Mediterranean climate. The summer there is hot (the average daily temperature in July is 28..30 o C), and there is little precipitation (25 - 50 mm per month). The rainy period lasts from November to January, at this time 170 - 260 mm falls per month, in the north of the coast there is 1.5 times more precipitation than in the south. The average monthly temperature at night in January does not fall below 4..5 o C, and in the daytime 11..13 o C. Negative temperatures are not observed every year. The swimming season lasts 5 months from the end of May to October, the water temperature is 20..25 o C.
A rocky plateau separates the coast from the interior of the country. It receives the most precipitation in Europe, as its southwestern slopes trap the humid air coming from the sea. So, in the village of Krivosie, located above the Bay of Kotor, 480 mm of precipitation per day was noted. In the town of Crkvice, the maximum annual rainfall was 5155 mm, and in the cultural capital of the country, Cetinje, located on a plateau near Mount Lovcen, the maximum average annual rainfall (3927 mm / year). Just like on the coast, there is noticeably less precipitation in summer (60 - 80 mm in July), and the rainiest month is November (500 - 700 mm). The height difference between the coast and the plateau averages 1000 m, and the height of some peaks reaches 1700 m. Therefore, in summer it is cooler here than on the coast, the average daily temperature in July varies from 23 to 27 o C depending on the height. In winter, the average temperature at night is -3..-5 o C, and in the daytime 5..8 o C. Snow usually falls in December and remains until mid-March.
The plain is protected by a rocky plateau from the direct impact of the Adriatic Sea, so it is hotter here in summer than on the coast (average daily temperature in July is 30..32 o C), and cooler in winter: on average 0..3 o C at night and 9..11 o Happy day. Precipitation falls mainly in autumn and winter. In July, 30-60 mm of precipitation falls, and in November 250-300 mm.
The climate of the highlands has features of subalpine. In winter, the average temperature at night is -6..-9 o C, and in the daytime 0..3 o C, but it decreases with altitude. Snow usually falls at the end of November and remains until the end of March. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year, with a maximum in November (it can fall from 100 to 300 mm per month, depending on the orientation of the slope). The summer is cool, the average temperature during the day is 19..23 o C (it can be colder in the high mountains!), and at night it is 8..10 o C.
Rivers and lakes
The longest rivers in Montenegro are: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Cheotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Bojana (30 km). About 52.2% of Montenegrin rivers belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47.8% - to the Adriatic Sea basin. Three Montenegrin rivers (Moracha, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout the territory of Montenegro. The Bojana River was previously the only navigable river in Montenegro; at the moment it is not navigable. Most Montenegrin rivers are mountainous and form deep canyons. The canyon of the Tara River, with a depth of about 1200 m, is the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. The rivers of Montenegro have an energy potential of 115 kW per 1 km² of territory, which is a very high figure. However, for various reasons (including environmental reasons), hydropower is not developed in the country.
The largest lake in Montenegro and the entire Balkan Peninsula is Skadar. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the lake (by area) are located on the territory of Montenegro, one third - on the territory of Albania. 40 mountainous islands rise above the lake surface. The second largest lake in Montenegro is Shasskoye (3.64 km²), located near Ulcinj. Also on the territory of Montenegro there are 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin (the so-called "mountain eyes"), the total area of which is 3.89 km². They are called "mountain eyes" because the water in them is unusually clean and calm. They not only resemble the eyes of nature in form and purity. In them, as in the eyes lowered by "eyelashes" of needles, are reflected Mountain peaks. The most beautiful of the lakes is Black Lake. Its area is 516,000 sq. meters, it is located at an altitude of 1418 meters above sea level. Its clear water is visible to a depth of 9 meters. Black Lake consists of two lakes - Big and Small. During floods, water big lake goes underground in the vicinity of Zabljak, having passed a long way in the depths, under the canyon of the Tara River, comes to the surface and becomes its right tributary. In the same way, the water leaving through the bottom of the Small Lake comes to the surface in the Komarnitsa canyon, and together with it flows into the Piva River. The Tara and Piva rivers merge to form the Drina river. Serpent Lake is located in a dense forest at an altitude of 1,495 meters, and Small Lake is 1,788 meters above sea level. Many legends are associated with each of the lakes, whose names are translated as Fish, Blue, Wavy, Enemy, Green.
Vegetable world
Due to the mountainous relief and southern latitudes, the vegetation of this small republic is very diverse. On the territory of Montenegro grows 1.2% of the entire world flora, approximately 3,500 plant species. The country ranks 1st in Europe in terms of the number of plant species per unit area. Basically, these are rare, endemic and relict species, among which there are medicinal, aromatic and honey plants. Most the territory (about 80%) is occupied by forests in which spruces, firs, beeches, elms, oaks, maples, mountain ash, limes grow. Meadows are also common. On the coast of the Adriatic Sea and the islands - thickets of hard-leaved evergreen shrubs (maquis) and areas of subtropical forests (from holm oak, laurel, myrtle, etc.); large areas are covered with hard grasses.
Due to the fact that the average height of Montenegro above sea level is 1500 m, a lot of light and ultraviolet rays fall on the plants, which is very important for their appearance medicinal properties. Of the climatic factors, a significant amount of precipitation should be noted. Most of them fall in spring and autumn.
Mountain plants are fed with moisture due to night dew. On the other hand, summer dryness also has its effect, because contributes to the formation of a large amount of oily substances. Soil composition also influences the diversity of vegetation.
Animal world
Thanks to the forests in Montenegro, a rich natural fauna has been preserved. Large animals are found in the mountainous regions: brown bears, lynxes, wild boars, wolves, deer, fallow deer, chamois, wild goats. There are jackals on the coast, in karst areas - turtles, snakes, lizards. Lizards and snakes live on rocky slopes. The world of birds is also rich, woodpeckers, doves, cuckoos, partridges, and blackbirds live here. Numerous predators (golden eagle, vulture, etc.) are also common. Fish stocks, both marine and freshwater, are also significant. Carp, pike, perch, trout, eel are found in rivers and lakes. In the Adriatic Sea, sardine, mackerel, tuna, palamida, and mullet are of commercial importance.
