Palace embankment. Palaces of the Palace Embankment Palace Embankment history
Palace Embankment - this is the Neva embankment in St. Petersburg.
The Palace Embankment is located on the left bank of the Neva and runs from the Kutuzov Embankment to the Admiralteyskaya Embankment. The length of the embankment is 1300 meters.
History of Palace Embankment
The Neva embankment was planned shortly after the founding of the city, in 1715. In those days it was called Verkhnyaya.
At different times, the embankment was called by different names: Cash Line, Verkhnyaya Kamennaya Line Embankment, Millionnaya. Sometimes it was called Pochtovaya because the Postal Yard was located here. After the Winter Palace was built here in 1762, the embankment began to be officially called the Palace Embankment. IN Soviet time The embankment was called the Ninth of January for a long time, but in 1944 its old name was returned to it.
Until the mid-18th century, all embankments were wooden, and Dvortsovaya became the first stone street. During the reconstruction, it was complemented by picturesque descents to the water, made by the master G. Nasonov according to the design of the architect I. Rossi.
Sights on Palace Embankment
- Laundry Bridge
- Summer garden
- Upper Lebyazhy Bridge
- Betsky's House
- Saltykov House
- Marble Palace
- Mansion of Gromov (Ratkova-Rozhnova)
- Apartment house Zherebtsova
- Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace
- Palace of Vladimir Alexandrovich
- Spare house of the Winter Palace
- Hermitage Theater
- Hermitage Bridge
- Great Hermitage
- Small Hermitage
- Winter Palace
- Garden of the Winter Palace
Photo 07/21/2011:
Photo May 2015:
Palace Embankment- one of the most famous streets. It stretches along the left bank of the Neva River from to. It is a continuation, and after it begins.
There are many architectural monuments and attractions on Palace Embankment:
- house No. 2 – Palace of the Prince of Oldenburg
- house No. 4 - House of Count Saltykov
- house No. 8 – Cantemir Palace
- house No. 10 – Gagarin’s Mansion
- house No. 12 - Saltykova House
- building No. 16 – Ushakov’s Mansion
- building No. 18 – Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace
- house No. 20 - Moshkov House
- building No. 22 – Chertkov’s Mansion
- building No. 24 – Trofimov’s Mansion
- building No. 26 – Palace of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
- house No. 28 - Reserve house of the palace of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
- Upper Lebyazhy Bridge
- Sculpture “The First Horsewoman”
- Monument to Emperor Alexander III
Palace Embankment(based on materials from the book “St. Petersburg and its suburbs: A guide to cultural and historical monuments / Yu.G. Ivanov, O.Yu. Ivanova, R.A. Khalkhatov. - Smolensk: Rusich, 2010. - 336 pp.: ill. - (Memorable places of Russia)"):
In 1763, after the completion of the next one, the creation of a granite embankment began. Over four years, under the leadership of master T. Nasonov, the Capital (now Palace) embankment, 1.6 km long, was laid out of granite blocks in front of the palace. Overhanging the retaining wall, which is placed at a slight slope, is a slightly curved sidewalk cornice. The parapet is made of massive blocks with rounded edges. The rhythmically repeating seven semicircular staircases, the Hermitage equestrian ramp, as well as the humpbacked stone bridges across the sources of the Red Canal and the Fontanka completed the creation of the architectural and artistic appearance of the city’s front embankment. Stretching on the left bank of the Neva from the Palace Embankment to the bridge, it stood without major repairs for almost two centuries and served as a model for the creation of other St. Petersburg embankments.
The appearance of the embankment is formed by buildings outstanding in their artistic significance, and, as well as former palaces and mansions of the nobility. From here there is a wonderful view of the wide expanses of the Neva, and.
Palace Embankment(based on materials from the book “Historical Quarters of St. Petersburg / A.G. Vladimirovich, A.D. Erofeev. - M.: AST, 2014. - 544 p."):
This name is familiar and dear to every St. Petersburg resident. Today it is even difficult to imagine that the embankment could have any other names other than this. Meanwhile, it first appeared in 1776, when the current one already existed, architectural marvel Francesco Bartolomeo (or, as he was called in Russian, Bartholomew Varfolomeevich) Rastrelli.
Initially, from 1737, the embankment was called the Cash Line, which was typical for the front, front streets of the city. On April 20, 1738, Empress Anna Ioannovna, at the suggestion of the Commission on the St. Petersburg building, gave it the name Upper Naberezhnaya Street. This was due to the fact that the street was located upstream of the Neva relative to Nizhnyaya Naberezhnaya Street (modern).
The name was used until the middle of the 18th century. In parallel, there were options: Upper Embankment Line, Upper Kamennaya Embankment Line, Upper Neva River Embankment Line, Upper Neva River Embankment Line or simply Embankment Line, Embankment Street, Nevskaya Embankment or Upper Embankment.
But these are not all the names. In the second half of the 18th century, the definition of “Millionnaya” stuck to the embankment - based on the one parallel to it. Accordingly, the embankment was Millionnaya Embankment Street, Millionnaya Embankment Line, Millionnaya or Bolshaya Millionnaya Embankment. The last two options were used in parallel with Palace Embankment until the mid-1790s.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the embankment was called Bolshoi and Bolshaya Dvortsovaya, and the name Dvortsovaya Embankment Street was used until 1822. After this, the modern name was finally assigned to the embankment. For 101 years. For on October 6, 1923, it was renamed the Ninth January Embankment (1905). Moreover, the year was taken in brackets, so it was often omitted when this name was used.
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Palace Embankment can be called one of the most beautiful and famous embankments in St. Petersburg. This is where world-famous attractions are located Northern capital: Hermitage, Winter Palace, Russian Museum, House of Scientists and many others. From this street there is an excellent view of the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island and Peter and Paul Fortress. The Palace Embankment is located on the left bank of the Neva from the Kutuzov Embankment to the Admiralteyskaya Embankment. Its length is 1300 meters.
On the Palace Embankment there are world-famous sights of the Northern capital: the Hermitage, the Winter Palace, the Russian Museum, the House of Scientists and many others. From this street there is an excellent view of the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island and the Peter and Paul Fortress.
The development of the Palace Embankment began quite early - at the very beginning of the 18th century. The architectural tone of the buildings was set by the summer and winter residences of Peter I. People close to the Tsar also began to build their houses on this land. In 1705, the first wooden house of Admiral General Fyodor Apraksin appeared. The building defined the red line of the street, and all other buildings began to be erected according to this line.
Palace Embankment
Palace Embankment had many names: Cash Line, Verkhnyaya Kamennaya Line Embankment, Millionnaya. It was often called Pochtovaya due to the fact that the Postal Yard was located here. In 1762, the architect Rastrelli built the royal residence here - the Winter Palace. After this, the embankment, square and bridge located nearby began to be called palace. Already under Soviet rule, the street was renamed the Ninth January Embankment. But in 1944 it was given back its old name.
To transport the main part of the Alexander Column, which weighs 600 tons, a special pier was used on Palace Embankment. Engineer Glasin developed a special bot capable of lifting loads of up to 1,100 tons. In order to unload the monolith, they even built a new pier.
Gradually the embankment became better and better: it was dressed in granite and made comfortable descents to the river. By the way, until the mid-18th century, all St. Petersburg embankments were wooden. Palace Embankment became the first stone street. Nevertheless, in the 20s of the 19th century, the area around the Winter Palace remained unkempt. The construction of the General Staff building was planned here and therefore there were working materials, piles of sand and boards everywhere, as well as all kinds of warehouses and barns. Nicholas I commissioned the architect Carlo Rossi to put this place in order. Rossi developed a project for a beautiful descent to the Neva, decorated with sculptures of Dioscuri and lions. But the emperor was not impressed by the sculptures of young men holding back horses, so they were replaced with porphyry vases. Subsequently, in connection with the construction of the Palace Bridge, the pier with the lions was moved to the Admiralty Embankment.
Palace Embankment has always been famous for the fact that famous and influential people: Romanov dynasty, poet Ivan Krylov, Count Sergei Witte.
Palace Embankment on Wikimedia CommonsOn the embankment there are buildings of the State Hermitage, the Russian Museum, etc.
Connection with the city street and road network
Main highways
Streets
Water communications
Transport
Ground public transport only crosses the embankment without walking along it itself.
On the embankment there are piers serving aquatic species transport:
Public transport crossing the embankment:
- Stop "Palace Embankment" at the Palace Bridge:
- Stop "Suvorovskaya Square" at Trinity Bridge:
History of construction
Coastline formation
At the beginning of the 18th century, the marshy bank of the Neva was not yet fortified, construction was carried out in the depths of the plots, so the embankment ran approximately in the middle of the block between the current Millionnaya Street and the modern Neva embankment and was called Upper embankment. However, already in 1716, due to the expansion land plots moves north: beat the piles along the shallow waters of the river and built a new embankment that still exists today.
In April 1707, a decree was issued strictly regulating the allocation of plots for development depending on the official and property status of the petitioners. The same decree established the size of land plots. All of them had a narrow side (from 5 to 12 fathoms) facing the bank of the Neva and were intended only for persons related to the Admiralty Department.
Architectural ensemble
Stone parapets
In 1761, Catherine II conceived grandiose, ambitious plans for renovating the capital. Urban planning tasks began to come to the fore; the Commission on the Stone Structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow was established, the chief architect of which was Yuri Felten. Among the first measures to transform St. Petersburg was the replacement of the wooden Neva embankment with a stone parapet with pier-stairs. In July 1762 a decree followed:
The decisive role in the implementation of this plan belonged to Felten. Labor-intensive work on the construction of the granite embankment continued until 1780. Shaky ground strengthened pile driver, in some places, earth was added. The pier staircases were supposed to be made with straight ledges, but in the final version they acquired an oval shape. " Along the entire coast and piers, although the balustrades were made of iron bars, but... for strength, the panels were made of sea ashlar" They laid out from the same stone " a pedestrian». « From this pedestrian path to the houses, the weak soil was removed from under the old road, and instead the foundation was strengthened to the present depth and corrected with special hard paving" Lanterns on metal poles were placed along the entire embankment. At the same time, near the old Winter Palace, a stone “ bridge with vault and balustrade" The bridge across the Fontanka was planned to be made of stone only near the banks, and in the middle to be made of wood, with a lifting device, but for the sake of strength it was built “ all stone with vaults", the same one that has survived to this day.
Attractions
Notable residents
- Representatives of the ruling Romanov dynasty - Summer Palace of Peter I, Winter Palace of Peter I, Winter Palace, grand-ducal palaces.
- I. I. Betskoy - building 2
- I. A. Krylov (1791-1796) - house 2
- Prince Peter of Oldenburg - building 2
- S. Yu. Witte - house 30
- Tarle, Evgeniy Viktorovich (01.1933 - 1955) - building 30, apt. 4
- Giacomo Quarenghi - house 32
- Joseph Orbeli - house 32
- K. E. Makovsky - house 30 (house of G. F. Mengden)
For the main part of the Alexander Column (a granite monolith weighing 600 tons), mined in 1830-1832 at the Pyuterlak quarry, a special pier was used on the Palace Embankment. Transportation issues were dealt with by the naval engineer Colonel Glasin, who designed and built a special boat, called “Saint Nicholas,” with a carrying capacity of up to 1,100 tons. To carry out unloading work, a special pier was built. Unloading was carried out on a wooden platform at the end of the pier, which coincided in height with the side of the ship. The extraction and delivery work was headed by a contractor, merchant son V. A. Yakovlev, who was responsible for the entire part of the operation from the beginning until the moment the monolith was unloaded ashore.
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Notes
Literature
- Gorbachevich K. S., Khablo E. P. Why are they named like that? On the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges in Leningrad. - 3rd ed., rev. and additional - L.: Lenizdat, 1985. - P. 106-107. - 511 p.
- Gorbachevich K. S., Khablo E. P. Why are they named like that? On the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges of St. Petersburg. - 4th ed., revised. - St. Petersburg. : Norint, 1996. - pp. 71-72. - 359 p. - ISBN 5-7711-0002-1.
- City names today and yesterday: St. Petersburg toponymy / comp. S. V. Alekseeva, A. G. Vladimirovich, A. D. Erofeev and others - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - St. Petersburg. : Lik, 1997. - P. 40. - 288 p. - (Three centuries of Northern Palmyra). - ISBN 5-86038-023-2.
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The development of the Palace Embankment began to take shape as one of the first in St. Petersburg. Its character was determined by the construction on this bank of the Neva of both the summer and winter residences of Peter I. Due to its proximity to the Admiralty, the highest naval authorities first settled here. A little further, upstream the Neva, shipwrights settled. Among them are Pyotr Mikhailov (the “carpenter king” Peter I himself), Fedosei Sklyaev, Philip Palchikov, Gavrila Menshikov.
The first buildings on Palace Embankment, as throughout the city, were wooden. In the summer of 1705, at a distance of 200 fathoms from the Admiralty, according to the design of Domenico Trezzini, a wooden house of Admiral General Fyodor Matveevich Apraksin was built. Such a distance was required from the Admiralty by the rules of the “fortification esplanade”. That same summer, construction began on a wooden mansion for Vice Admiral Cornelius Cruys. Apraksin's house set the red line for the Palace Embankment, while Kruys's house was located a little further from the low bank of the river in this place. The gap between these two buildings marked the beginning of Srednaya Street, which ran parallel to the banks of the Neva.
The next building on Palace Embankment in 1706 was the Postal Court. At the same time (in 1706-1708) the wooden house of the Swedish major Konow was moved closer to the bank of the Neva, which became the predecessor of the Summer Palace of Peter I. The first Winter Palace of Peter I was built on the site of house No. 32 in 1708. Srednaya Street was extended to its main facade from the Apraksin house. The latter did not last long, since Peter I did not want to have narrow “medieval” passages between houses in St. Petersburg.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the embankment was called Postal, since the Postal Yard was located in the place where the Marble Palace is now located. Next to it in 1711, the Red Canal was dug, which connected the Neva and Moika. Parallel to it, on the other side of the Tsaritsyn Meadow (now the Field of Mars), the Swan Ditch was dug.
After the victory at Poltava (1709) and the capture of Vyborg (1710), active stone construction began in St. Petersburg. Not everyone could afford to build an expensive stone house, but the residents of Dvortsovaya Embankment had enough money for this. Apraksin's house was rebuilt in stone in 1712, but four years later the admiral wanted to have more spacious apartments. The new building was moved closer to the river by about 50 meters, which defined the modern red line of the embankment. At the same time, they began to build new luxurious buildings for Raguzinsky, Yaguzhinsky, Olsufiev, Kruys, Golovin. The construction of these palaces was completed by 1721, when construction of the palace of Dmitry Cantemir (house No. 8) began at the opposite end of the embankment. This was the first project of the young F.B. Rastrelli in St. Petersburg.
In those same years, the new Winter Palace of Peter I was built, which was moved closer to the Neva River itself. For this purpose, the shore was strengthened with wooden walls and piers were built. Thus, more than 80 meters were “recaptured” from the Neva. In 1718, a canal was dug between the Neva and Moika, called the Winter Canal. A wooden drawbridge, the Winter Palace Bridge, was built across it at the embankment alignment by engineer Herman van Boles.
The development of the Neva bank was regulated by administrative methods. On January 30, 1720, Peter I issued a decree:
“The Great Sovereign... indicated to those who have chambers built under the roof along the banks of the Neva river down from the Postal Yard, so that, of course, in those chambers they should build 2 or 3 or 1 chambers each by this winter and move on to live in them, so that the street next from the Postal Yard to the Winter Tsar's Majesty's House should be blocked off into those courtyards when it is ordered. stone structure. And if someone was ordered to build a wooden one, giving way from the chambers to the courtyards of twenty and at least fifteen fathoms, and with those embankments of the chambers from the river, of course, all the places were properly placed and were not occupied by anything..." [ Quoted from: 2, p. 6, 7]
One of the decrees of 1721 lists all the owners of land on the embankment [Quoted from: 2, p. 8]:
- 1. Postal Yard
- 2. Mr. Prince Volosky
- 3. Yagana Feltin, firemaster
- 4. Prokofei the Short
- 5. Danilo Chevkina
- 6. Butt Cue Ball
- 7. Major Ushakova
- 8. Major Volkov
- 9. Life Guards clerk Andrei Ivanov
- 10. Major Korchmin
- 11. Doctor Areskin
- 12. Petra Moshkova
- 13. Lieutenant Prokofy Murzin
- 14. Prince Vasily Dolgorukov
- 15. Count Musin-Pushkin
- 16. Gavrily Menshikova
- 17. Feodosia Sklyaeva
- 18. His Royal Majesty's Winter House
The surname of Pyotr Moshkov, who lived on the site of modern house No. 20, remained on maps of St. Petersburg in the form of the name Moshkov Lane. The legendary Vasily Korchmin lived nearby, after whom, according to legend, Vasilievsky Island is named. Most of the buildings existing at that time were built according to standard designs and were similar to each other. The houses of Peter I and Admiral Apraksin especially stood out.
Until 1724, the Winter Palace of Peter I expanded along the embankment. The emperor died in it in 1725. At the same time, the newlyweds were temporarily settled in the Apraksin mansion: the Duke of Holstein and the daughter of Peter I Anna.
St. Petersburg in 1726 is captured in the memoirs of the Frenchman Aubrey de la Motre. He wrote about the future Palace Embankment as follows:
“You find yourself on an embankment 800 steps long and 30 wide, dominated by a number of palaces. Russian nobles built these palaces, as well as many other large houses and public buildings that decorated St. Petersburg” [Cit. from: 2, p. 12, 13].
The Apraksin house was passed to Peter II in his will in 1728. The young emperor never settled here; he moved with the government to Moscow, where he died of cholera. Apraksin’s house was empty all this time, but in 1731 it began to be rebuilt as the residence of Anna Ioannovna. Domenico Trezzini began this work and continued it at the request of Empress F.B. Rastrelli. To accommodate new premises, a neighboring plot belonging to the Maritime Academy was purchased. By 1735, the new Winter House of Anna Ioannovna was built here, with the main façade facing the Admiralty.
In 1729, the artist H. Marcelius created two drawings that conveyed in sufficient detail the nature of the development of the entire Palace Embankment. They became the first such historical document.
Initially, from 1737, the embankment was called the Cash Line. It ended at the city border, which was Fontanka in the 18th century. The numbering of houses then went against the flow of the river. On April 20, 1738, the highway was named Upper Embankment Street (the Lower Embankment was the modern English Embankment). Along with this name, there were others: Upper Embankment Line, Upper Kamennaya Embankment Line, Upper Embankment River Line, Upper Neva River Embankment Line, Embankment Line, Embankment Street, Nevskaya Embankment or Upper Embankment. In the 1740-1790s, the embankment was also called Millionnaya. There were also other names: Millionnaya Embankment Line, Millionnaya Embankment Street, Bolshaya Millionnaya Embankment. The last two options were used together with “Palace Embankment” until the 1790s.
In 1746, Moshkov Lane appeared, facing the Neva between houses No. 20 and 22 on Palace Embankment.
The most notable building on Palace Embankment is the Winter Palace, built in 1754-1762 according to the design of the architect F. B. Rastrelli. After the start of its construction, it turned out that the construction site was separated from the Neva by a very narrow, inconvenient strip of shore. In this regard, the architect provided the Office of the Buildings with a plan and profile of an expanded and additionally reinforced wooden embankment.
The plan began to be implemented by carpenter I. Erich, summoned from Moscow, who in 1758 provided two projects for strengthening the bank, providing for its facing with stone. Work began in December 1762; until the following May, piles were driven into the ground, and on June 7, a team of masons began making a foundation for the stone wall. At the same time, the supply of hewn stone for cladding began.
The first stone was laid on the embankment in mid-June 1763. The construction work was carried out under the supervision of stone craftsmen B. Manigiotti, G. Lizeni and P. Corti. The construction of the stone embankment opposite the Winter Palace was most likely completed in 1764. But due to miscalculations in the design, it very soon began to collapse. In September 1765, the shore subsided noticeably in some places due to the fact that the foundation was not given sufficient time to settle. Having discovered these shortcomings, Lieutenant General N.E. Muravyov and Engineer-Major General I.M. Golenitsev-Kutuzov reported to Catherine II that it was impossible to repair the embankment, it needed to be redone.
Most local historians believe that the Palace Embankment was built according to the design of Yuri Matveevich Felten. This assumption was made by I.E. Grabar at the beginning of the 20th century, without supporting it with documents. Therefore, Felten’s authorship was easily refuted by historian V.I. Kochedamov. He proved that Felten was mentioned in documents related to the stone Palace Embankment only six years after the start of its creation, when the embankment wall from the Liteiny Dvor to the Admiralty had already been built.
So who actually became the author of the Palace Embankment project? Various local historians proposed candidates such as J. B. Vallin-Delamot, architect S. A. Volkov. The author of the book “St. Petersburg of the 18th Century,” K. V. Malinovsky, proves that he is the adviser to the Chancellery for Buildings, Ignatio Rossi. He refers to documents in which Rossi is directly named as the author of the Palace Embankment project and the corresponding estimate. For example, the protocol of the Chancery from buildings on September 7, 1762: " ... Mr. collegiate adviser Ignati Rossi, who, according to his ability, drafted the construction of banks and bridges and composed estimates" [Quoted from: 4, p. 379]. On September 10, he was appointed head of the "Office of Construction on the Neva River of the Stone Bank."
Rossi's original design involved the creation of a stone embankment wall and a metal balustrade. The descents to the water were straight stairs with the same metal fences. It was proposed to make the piers in the form of double-widened slopes. The bridge across the Fontanka was designed to be made of stone and lifted on chains. Therefore, its central part had to become wooden.
It is worth noting that not only Palace Embankment was being built at that time. The project included lining the entire bank of the Neva with stone from the Liteiny Dvor to the Galernaya Shipyard. On February 14, 1763, the first piles began to be driven into the shore. Already in the process of these works, their volume increased significantly, since it was decided to drive not one row of piles, but 13. In this case, round pine logs were used, eight to ten meters long and 20 to 30 centimeters thick.
During the construction process, adjustments were made to the project. Already since 1764, the slopes to the water were created not straight, but oval. Fences “for strength” began to be made entirely of stone. The author of these changes is unknown. It is possible that they were offered to Catherine II by J. B. Vallin-Delamot, who was then engaged in the reconstruction of the premises in the Winter Palace. The museum of the city of Angoulême in France contains a drawing of Delamot with an image of an oval descent to the Neva.
In 1763-1766, a stone Hermitage Bridge was built across the Winter Canal instead of a wooden one. To improve transport connections with the Moscow side, the embankment was extended beyond the Fontanka. At the same time, in 1766-1769, the Laundry Bridge was built across the Fontanka, and in 1767-1768, the Verkhne-Lebyazhy Bridge was built across the Lebyazhya Canal. The profile of these crossings is organically introduced into the silhouette of the granite embankment. Bridges form a single architectural ensemble with it.
Already in January 1765, Catherine II checked the finished section of the embankment opposite the old Winter Palace. On February 8, a decision was made to increase the minimum permissible height of buildings erected here. On April 27, 1766, the Commission on Stone Construction of St. Petersburg and Moscow determined this height to be ten fathoms.
The construction of the Palace Embankment was fully completed in November 1767. The following January, “architecture assistant” Neelov installed stone pillars tied with iron chains at the descents of the Neva.
After completing the main part of the work on lining the left bank of the Neva with stone, Ignatio Rossi resigned. He was replaced by the architect Yuri Matveevich Felten, who had to create the famous fence of the Summer Garden. The bank opposite it was carried out into the river bed by 20 meters.
Dvortsovaya became the first embankment lined with granite in St. Petersburg. It has seven descents to the water. The granite parapet is interrupted only at the Hermitage Bridge, where the cobblestone bank is protected only by bollards with chains hanging from them.
The construction of new buildings on Palace Embankment began simultaneously with its stone cladding. In 1762-1769 to Winter Palace the building of the Small Hermitage (house no. 36) was added, and then the Great Hermitage (house no. 34). In 1762-1785, the Marble Palace was built on the site of the old Postal Yard. At the same time, the Red Canal was filled up. A service building was erected next to the Marble Palace (house no. 6). In 1784-1788, the Saltykov house (No. 4) was built. The neighboring Betsky house (No. 2) was also built in the 1780s. In 1783-1787, on the site of the old Winter Palace of Peter I, the architect Quarenghi built the Hermitage Theater, which was connected to the Great Hermitage by an arch.
On October 6, 1778, the highway began to be officially called Palace Embankment. At the beginning of the 19th century it was also called the Bolshoi and the Great Palace. The name "Palace Embankment Street" existed until 1822.
In 1799, two buildings on the site of the now existing house No. were combined into one according to Quarenghi's design. This was a gift from Emperor Paul I to his favorite Anna Petrovna Lopukhina for her wedding with Prince Gagarin.
At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the Palace Embankment was sketched by the Swedish artist Benjamin Patersen. He created a series of watercolors in which from Zayachey and Vasilyevsky Islands the left bank of the Neva is visible.
In 1803, the Palace Embankment was connected to the St. Petersburg side by the floating Trinity Bridge. Initially, it overlooked the left bank of the Neva in the area Summer Garden.
The area between the Saltykovs' house and the service building Marble Palace was originally intended for development. But by the end of the 1810s, nothing had been erected here. In 1818, at the proposal of the architect K. Rossi, the site became a new square, which connected the Champs de Mars with the Palace Embankment. A monument to A.V. Suvorov was erected in its center, and the square was named Suvorovskaya.
In the early 1820s, the embankment area near the Winter Palace was a construction site. Here there were barns, sheds, piles of stone, heaps of sand and stacks of boards prepared for the construction of the General Staff building. Nicholas I decided to improve this area, and the work was entrusted to the architect Carlo Rossi. According to his design, a wide descent to the Neva was built here. Rossi planned to decorate it with sculptures of Dioscuri (young men holding back horses) and cast-iron lions, copies of those at St. Michael's Palace. The emperor forbade placing Dioscuri here; the architect replaced them with porphyry vases.
In 1827, in connection with the construction of the first floating Trinity Bridge, the fence and lanterns on the embankment were renewed. In 1857-1862 the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace (house no. 18) was built, in 1867-1872 the palace of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich (no. 26).
By the 1860s, the development of Palace Embankment had expanded far beyond the boundaries of Fontanka. At this time, the “flowing” part of the highway was separated into a separate Gagarin embankment, which now bears the name of the great Russian commander M. I. Kutuzov. At the same time, the numbering of houses that exists to this day was introduced.
After the construction of the first permanent bridge across the Neva, the floating St. Isaac's Bridge was moved closer to the Winter Palace. They gave it another name - Palace.
In 1903, a permanent metal Trinity Bridge was built between the Palace Embankment and Trinity Square. In 1915, in connection with the commissioning of the permanent Palace Bridge, the pier with the lions was moved to the Admiralteyskaya Embankment. The route of the new crossing passed right through the old pier.
Of the nineteen houses here, half belonged to the royal family. Thanks to this, until 1917, Palace Embankment lived according to its own “schedule”. In summer, the palaces located here were empty. Their owners left for country estates, and a large retinue left St. Petersburg with them. At this time, the facades of the houses were put in order and repainted. The pavement was being repaired. In winter, the palaces came to life. The embankment was filled with luxurious carriages and walking public.
On October 6, 1923, the Palace Embankment was renamed the “Ninth January Embankment (1905).” The year was given in parentheses, so it was often omitted. The highway was given this name because the order to shoot a peaceful demonstration on January 9, 1905 was given by Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, who lived here.
On September 9, 1941, during an air raid, one of the bombs fell in front of house No. 14, destroying its facade and facades neighboring houses No. 12 and 16. After the war, the facades of these buildings were combined.
In 1944, the embankment was returned to its former name - Dvortsovaya.
