Show the Carpathian Mountains on the map. Carpathian Mountains on the map

Surely many have heard about the Ukrainian Carpathians. This is a truly wonderful and charming place, perfect for a family or romantic getaway. The mountain system is located closer to the west of Ukraine and stretches for 280 km. Sometimes tourists can encounter mountains up to 2000 m high, but the highest point is Goverla - 2061 m.

It is quite natural that many people want to visit this ecologically clean area and are trying to find out in more detail where the Carpathians are. It is worth noting that the relief here is multi-tiered. Thus, there are high-mountain areas (height up to 1500 m), mid-mountain areas (up to 1300 m), low-mountain areas (up to 400 m) and foothills.

Location of the Carpathians

To more accurately understand where the Carpathians are, you need to know that they are located on the border with countries such as Hungary, Slovakia, Poland and Romania. Nevertheless, officially the mountains are located on the territory of Ukraine, namely its four regions: Transcarpathian, Lviv, Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk. Thus, from these regions you can easily and quickly reach recreation centers and take great excursions, as well as enjoy stunning scenery and fresh air. Quite often, the region under consideration is divided into two parts: Transcarpathia and Prykarpattya. In addition to which most attracts tourists, Pop-Ivan, Petros and Khomyak are just as cool and beautiful. Their height exceeds 2000 m, which is why they are considered no less powerful and interesting. It is known that people live in the mountains, but civilization does not spoil the overall picture. At the same time, there is a completely different atmosphere around: nature is practically untouched, the air is clean, sometimes heavy, and the tops of the trees touch the human gaze. The rivers running throughout the Carpathians contain the most different types fish, which is why fishing is one of the most favorite activities and local residents, and tourists.

Where the Carpathians are located is very easy to determine on the map, since it is an impressive territory, highlighted in dark brown. There is only one such site in Ukraine - in the western part of the country.

Hiking trails

Tourism in the Carpathians is most developed in the cold season. Already in mid-autumn, vacationers can visit the mountains and enjoy the first snow by climbing one of the peaks.

Most tourists have no idea where the Carpathians are, but they want to go there with all their hearts. And all because o majestic mountains there are legends, the atmosphere around fills you with strength and joy, and the stunning nature surprises. Are you planning to visit this region in warm time of the year? Great! A lot of entertainment awaits you: horseback riding, massage and sauna at altitude, fishing and swimming in local rivers, communicating with animals in farm yards, practicing folk crafts and much, much more. In winter, every vacationer will be able to visit the ski resort and try out the best slopes in Ukraine; taste the famous Hutsul cuisine and warming mulled wine; visit gorges covered with ice and find other entertainment. When planning a vacation, it never hurts to consider a mountain vacation. Just don’t forget to check where the Carpathians are.

Such settlements, like Guta, Yaremche, Yablunytsia, Synevyr, Mezhgorye and Svalyava. Many tourists dream of visiting there. In some villages you can even try locally produced water, which is popular throughout Ukraine and is considered medicinal. It is not surprising that in the Carpathians there are a huge number of sanatoriums and health centers, as well as recreation centers - the air and water here truly work wonders!

It is also recommended to visit famous cities: Ivano-Frankivsk, Mukachevo and Slavske. In the first of them, vacationers will be able to get acquainted with the history of this people, look at amazing sights, visit the Town Hall and much more. The Carpathians of the country Ukraine are the main attraction that people are so proud of. Arriving in Mukachevo, you should visit ancient fortresses, taste unique wine and buy souvenirs. In the village of Slavskoye you can enjoy relaxing holiday or skiing. There is never a dull moment there, so the trip for tourists will be unforgettable.

Stunning heritage of the mountain range

When wondering where tourists are, they first of all mentally calculate the distance from their hometown to Ukrainian attractions. But they will never see those fascinating places on any map. For example, the pride of the Carpathians is the Pearl Cave, on the walls of which calcite balls are formed, somewhat reminiscent of jewelry. No less interesting will be a hike to the Enchanted Valley - a picturesque gorge with powerful rocks. It is also recommended to visit the Hanging Swamp, Stone Gate, Synevyr Nature Reserve, Lovers' Rocks and the Cave of Transparent Walls. in spring great place For a walk, you can visit the Valley of Daffodils, which is completely covered with snow-white flowers, the diameter of which can reach 10 cm.

Treatment in the Carpathians

The Carpathians occupy an impressive place on the map, the same as in the hearts of many Ukrainians. This is why tourists come here from different countries and for various purposes. It's no secret that the Carpathian climate, fresh air, and healing mineral springs help restore strength and strengthen the body. Comfortable hotels, recreation centers and other health resort establishments await their guests all year round. They are located in picturesque places, as a rule, near rivers and dense forests.

Pleasure for everyone

The peculiarity of the Carpathians is that almost anyone can visit them. Affordable prices and indescribably beautiful landscapes will help make your vacation or recovery unforgettable and interesting. Also, at certain periods of time, tourists will receive a pleasant surprise - discounts on trips and various bonuses. In addition, the cost of the trip varies depending on the region chosen for vacation, the number of days of stay and the intended cultural program.

The length of the Carpathian Mountains is about 1500 kilometers. They cover most of the Central European Lowland in an arc. The width of the Carpathians varies and is 240 kilometers in the northwestern part, 340 kilometers in the southwestern part and about 100 in the northeastern part.

In my own way geographical location The Carpathians are divided into three parts: Western, Southern and Eastern. The Western Carpathians are located in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary. It is in Hungary that the highest point of the Carpathians is located - Mount Gerlach, the peak of which rises at an altitude of 2655 meters above sea level. The Southern Carpathians are entirely located on the territory of Romania, and most of Eastern Carpathians is located in Ukraine.

Western Carpathians

The Western Carpathians are the longest part of all the Carpathian Mountains. Their length exceeds 400 kilometers, and the average width is approximately 200 kilometers. The Western Carpathians consist of several ridges and mountain ranges, which stretch from west to east. The local mountains are characterized by alpine peak shapes, as well as many alpine lakes.

The northern part of the mountains is formed by the Western Becksid ranges. The central part of the Western Carpathians consists mainly of high mountain ranges, while the southern part is formed by medium-altitude mountain ranges.

Eastern Carpathians

The Eastern Carpathians are almost entirely located on the territory of Ukraine, which is why they are often called the Ukrainian Carpathians. Within Ukraine they are divided into three parts: internal, central and external. The mountains are located on the territory of four Ukrainian regions: Chernivtsi, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian.

In Ukraine, the Carpathians are conventionally divided into two regions: Prykarpattya and Transcarpathia. The Carpathian region includes mountains located in the Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, and the Transcarpathian region includes Transcarpathian region.

The highest point of the Ukrainian Carpathians is Mount Hoverla, whose height is 2061 meters. The mountain is located near the villages of Yablunytsya and Yasinya on the border of Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk regions.

Southern Carpathians

The Southern Carpathians are located entirely within the territory of Romania and represent the extreme southern part of the mountains. This massif is often called the Transylvanian Carpathians. The length of the ridge is about 300 kilometers. The Southern Carpathians cover five Romanian historical areas: Wallachia, Oltenia, Banat, Muntenia and Transylvania.

This part of the Carpathian Mountains is the highest and most earthquake-prone.

Every Ukrainian, and not only Ukrainian, but also any resident of neighboring countries who is more or less familiar with geography, will not be mistaken in saying that the Carpathians are located in the western part of Ukraine. In fact, a more accurate answer to the question “Where are the Carpathians?” there will be one that says that this mountain system is located on the territory of four Ukrainian regions at once: Lviv, Chernivtsi, Transcarpathian and Ivano-Frankivsk.

Information about the Carpathians

The beauty of the local nature, the opportunity to improve your health, enjoy skiing or green tourism arouses interest in these mountains and where the Carpathians are located, not only among residents of Ukraine or the countries on whose territory the ridges of this massive mountain picturesque system lie. Europeans, Americans, Russians, as well as tourists from Eastern countries often show interest in where the Carpathians are located.

Location of the Carpathians

These mountains contain a lot of natural mineral waters and muds, unique in their composition and healing properties. In summer, grasses flourish here, active species sports, green tourism. IN winter time The Carpathian Mountains turn into a paradise for those who are fans of skiing. Growing level of service and reasonable cost of vacation compared to ski resorts world-class tourism provides the Ukrainian Carpathians with steady interest not only from domestic tourists, but also from tourists from other countries.

The Carpathians are a mountain system in eastern Central Europe, in Ukraine, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia and Austria. It extends from the outskirts of Bratislava to the Iron Gate for 1500 km, forming a convex arc, closing the Middle Danube Plain.

The Carpathians are one of the main watersheds in Europe between the Baltic and Black Seas. They are divided into two subprovinces - the Outer Carpathians (Western and Eastern) and the Inner Carpathians (Western and Eastern). Orographically, the Western Carpathians, the Eastern Carpathians (part of which are the so-called Ukrainian Carpathians), the Southern Carpathians, the Western Romanian Mountains and the Transylvanian Plateau are distinguished.

The predominant heights of the Carpathians are 800-1200 m, the highest height is 2655 m (Mount Gerlakhovsky Shtit in the Tatras), in Ukraine - Mount Hoverla (2061 m). The greatest width is 430 km. The area of ​​this mountain system is 24,000 km². The Carpathians contain up to 20% of all forests in Ukraine. The Carpathian Mountains are relatively young, formed during the Alpine era of mountain building and are more than 25,000,000 years old.

The name “Carpathians” has the same root as the Armenian Քար (Qar) - stone, Պատ (Pat) - wall. The ancient Polish word "karpa" means significant unevenness, pitfalls, significant trunks or roots. From the possible Dacian meaning - "mountains", the name of the tribe - "carps" - "those who live in the mountains" - inhabited the Carpathians during the Roman Empire. The Celtic-Illyrian word "Karn" meant "stone" or "pile of stones". The striking similarity of the name of the mountains can be traced with the name of the island of Karpathos between Cyprus and Rhodes.

Another name - the Sarmatian Mountains - appears in the works of ancient and medieval geographers. In Ptolemy, from the name of the Celtic tribe Bastarnae, who lived here, the Carpathian mountains were called - lat. Alpes Bastarnidae.

Formation of the Carpathian Mountains

Even before the formation of the Carpathian geosyncline, on the site of the modern mountain structure of the Carpathians and their foothills in the Paleozoic era, there was a strand of mountains connecting the Świętokrzytski and Sudeten Mountains with Dobrudzha. This ancient strand is called Prakarpatamy. Due to the movement of the earth's crust, the Prakarpaty Mountains were destroyed, and at the beginning of the Mesozoic era, an almost flat territory, close to the platform, arose in their place.

The significant accumulation of sedimentary strata within the Carpathian geosyncline is closely related to the activity of the Tethys sea basins, which for a long time separated two ancient continents - Gondwana in the south, and Laurasia in the north.

Only at the end of the Mesozoic era did the ocean recede, and mountains, plains and sea depressions began to appear in its place. It is believed that the pool Mediterranean Sea and the deep waters of the Black and Caspian Seas are its remnants. The remaining territories during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras were covered by the formation of a mountain chain, which includes the Apennines, Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, Balkans, Crimea, Caucasus, Pamirs, etc. This grandiose mountain range, elongated in the latitudinal direction, makes up the Alpine folded belt . Within its borders, the Carpathians occupy one of the central positions.

The process of formation of the Carpathian mountain structure took place gradually. The intense deflection of the earth's crust within the Carpathian geosyncline was accompanied by the active accumulation of sedimentary strata within its boundaries. Their formation took place due to the destruction of mountain structures in the southwestern part of the Russian Platform, the Kielce-Sandomierz Ridge, the Sudetenland, Prakarpat, Dobrudzha, and the Marmarosh massif.

During the Cenozoic era, the modern territory of the Carpathians was under the reservoirs of the Paleogene sea. Based on the distribution and structure of sedimentary rocks, it is possible to establish geographical features basin, its contours and seabed morphology. In limestone strata it happens a large number of remains of marine organisms - corals, sea lilies, various shells and the like. They were deposited at the bottom of warm, open, and shallow pools. These were precisely the conditions that existed at the beginning of the formation of the Paleogene sea. In sandstones, next to fossil marine fauna, there are plant remains that indicate the proximity of land and the coastal nature of sand deposits.

Beginning at the end of the Mesozoic era, the upward movements of the Alpine orogeny developed during the Cenozoic era. At the end of the Paleogene period, the axial parts of the future mountain systems of the Alps, Carpathians, and Caucasus began to form.

At that time, individual islands, and then entire islands, began to protrude from the sea. The largest of them were the modern Chivchin Mountains and the Rakhiv crystalline massif. To the north and northwest of this massif, among the expanses of water, the outlines of the Carpathian Mountains became increasingly clear. They were constantly subject to erosion, but mountain-building processes were active. Therefore, at the end of the Paleogene period, two mountain ranges, which correspond to the current Outer Carpathians.

At that time there was sea on both sides of the Outer Carpathians. Here the mountain range passed within the framework of the modern Beskids, Gorgany and Bukovinian Carpathians. To the northeast of the Outer Carpathians, in the territory of the Carpathian region, the sea basin raged further. Thick sedimentary strata were deposited at its bottom as a result of the erosion of the southwestern wing of the Russian Platform and the elevated mountain range of the Outer Carpathians.

The Inner Carpathians were represented by the Pieniny and Maramory cliffs. To the southwest of them passed the Transcarpathian internal trough with the Virgolat-Gutyn volcanic ridge. Even further south, in the area of ​​the Beregovo lowlands, the Pripanonsky deep connector lies, separating the Carpathians from the Hungarian intermountain basin.

There was a sea basin between the inner and outer Carpathians at the end of the Paleogene period. He was the last one within the Carpathian Mountains. During its existence, significant layers of sand deposits have accumulated here.

Other coatings appear differently. Magursky stretches out in a narrow strip in the upper reaches of the Uzha River basin, Sub-Silesky runs in another strip in the area between the Upper Dniester and Stryi rivers, in the vicinity of the village of Rozluch and south of the city Turks. Here is the low-mountain central part of the Carpathian Mountains, dominated by dome-shaped peaks and gentle slopes suitable for agricultural use. This part of the mountains is called Verkhovyna.

To the south of the Silesian cover is located Duklyansky - the high-mountain Poloninsky part of the Carpathian Mountains. Peculiar covers can be traced in the southwestern part of the Ukrainian Carpathians. They are represented by the Rakhov, Porkulets and Chernogorsk nappes (thrusts). Here are the highest mountains in the Ukrainian Carpathians - Hoverla, Petros, Pop Ivan and others.

During the process of mountain building, the Pre-Carpathian marginal trough, and then the Transcarpathian internal trough, are filled with sedimentary strata. Mountain rivers destroyed weakly stable sediments and continuously transported pebbles, sand, and silt into the basin. The sea within the troughs gradually became shallower, and subsequently retreated completely. In closed basins, intense evaporation of moisture occurred, which led to the precipitation of salts. In the Carpathian region they were mined by two potash plants: Stebnitsky and Kola.

Volcanism

The long process of formation of the Carpathian Mountains was accompanied by new manifestations of volcanism, which continued until the beginning of the Quaternary period (about 1.5-2 million years ago). Traces of recent volcanic activity can still be observed in the area of ​​Vinogradov, Vyshkov, Tyachev, where the Tisza valley crosses the Virgolat-Gutinsky volcanic ridge. In the center of the city of Khust rises the cone of an extinct volcano. On its top, in the first half of the 14th century, a fortified castle was built to keep the salt miners in obedience and to protect the Maramora salt mines. This castle was often attacked by the Tatars. The last time the Crimean Khan Girey reached here was in 1717.

Cones extinct volcanoes There are also in the vicinity of Uzhgorod, Mukachevo, Beregovo. Near Vishkov, volcanic craters are better preserved.

A chain of so-called buried volcanoes is exposed in the area of ​​the villages of Dobroni, Drisina and Shalanok. The volcanic rocks in this chain are mainly andesites. Their exits are known in the area of ​​the villages of Drisiny and Shalanok. Along the southern edge of the Transcarpathian internal trough there are thick layers of liparites. On the surface they are exposed over a large area in the Beregovo region. These volcanic eruptions began in the Paleogene and ended at the end of the Miocene (about 15,000,000 years ago). Therefore, a significant part of them is covered by sedimentary rocks of the Pliocene.

The recent volcanic activity of the Virgolat-Gutin volcanic ridge is evidenced by mineral springs, and in the Kaliman-Harghita mountains, including hot springs.

Active processes in the upper mantle of the Earth near the Carpathians are evidenced by earthquakes, the last of which took place on March 4, 1977 in the Vrancea Mountains on the territory of the then Socialist Republic of Romania.

Glaciations

During the Quaternary period, the Carpathians underwent partial glaciation. It covered the high mountain ranges of Chernogora and Svydovets, Pop Ivan Maramorshsky. Its relics can be traced in the form of cars, glacial cirques, and moraine deposits in the valleys of mountain streams.

Within the middle mountains, there was no glaciation, but frosty weathering of rocks occurred. Weathered stone placers can be observed on the slopes of Gorgana.

Geological structure and minerals

The Carpathians form the northeastern branch of the Alpine folded geosynclinal region of Europe. There are a number of large structural elements of northwest-southeast strike, separated by thrusts: the Pre-Carpathian foredeep, the Outer Carpathians, the Inner Carpathians, the Transcarpathian back trough.

In the Inner Carpathians on the territory of Ukraine, the Marmarosh crystalline massif and the Podhale zone are distinguished. According to the strike of the main structural elements of the Carpathians, zones with a specific set of minerals are distinguished.

In the Cis-Carpathian trough - native sulfur, gas (Dashavskoye, Kosovskoye and other deposits), oil (Boryslavskoye, or Babchenkivskoye deposits), ozokerite (Borislavskoye deposit), rock and potassium salts (Kalush-Golinskoye, Stebnitskoye and other deposits) . It is estimated that there are about 35 billion tons of salt deposits in the Carpathian region.

In the Transcarpathian trough - rock salt (Solotvyno deposit), gas, brown coal (Ilnitsky, Krivsky deposits), zeolites. Neogene volcanism is associated with mercury (Bolshoy Shayan, Borkut), vein gold-polymetallic and barite (Begansky deposit) ores, alunite, kaolins, perlite, bentonite clays (Gorbske deposit).

In the front part, the Outer Carpathians are known for oil deposits, in the Marmaro massif - deposits of dolomite, limestone, marble, and raw materials for stone casting. In the metamorphic complex, manifestations of stratiform pyrite-polymetallic, copper-pyrite, barite and ferromanganese ores are known.

Common in the Carpathians mineral water, on the southwestern slopes of the Carpathians and in Transcarpathia - carbon dioxide (Svalyava, Polyana-Kvasova deposits). In the zone of junction of the Cis-Carpathian trough with the East European Platform there are deposits of nitrogen sulfate waters.

In the Inner Zone of the Cis-Carpathian Trough, brines of chloride (sulfate-chloride) composition (Morshin) and a special, rare type of slightly mineralized water with a high content of organic substances (Truskavets) are common.
In the Transcarpathian trough, thermal and subthermal waters of high mineralization are common and are used for medicinal and thermal energy purposes.

Gold reserves are represented by the Beregovskoye and Muzhievskoye gold-polymetallic deposits. The latter was put into industrial development in 1999, and in the same year, Zakarpatpolymetally LLC was created on the basis of the Muzhievsky State Gold and Polymetallic Combine.

Since ancient times, oil, which was previously called “brine,” was extracted within the Carpathian region. They used it only for lubricating carts with shingles. Subsequently, kerosene, which was used in kerosene lamps (for lighting), began to be removed from brine. Intensive oil production began in the middle of the 19th century, when methods for obtaining and using its light fractions were discovered. The first powerful wells appear at the fields near Borislav, Tustanovichi, Mraznitsa, Bykov.

The most ancient rocks found in the Carpathians originated 1.2 billion years ago.

The Carpathian Mountains are the whole country in Central Europe. The area of ​​the array is 188 thousand square meters. meters, which is 4 times larger than Slovakia, 2 times larger than Hungary and is approximately half the territory of Poland. The countries where the Carpathian Mountains are located are Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Austria, Serbia. The highest point of the Carpathians is Gerlachovsky Shtit (2654), located on the ridge High Tatras, which is in Slovenia.

Closest to Central Russia– the Ukrainian Carpathians or, as they are also called, the Hutsul region (after the people inhabiting them - the Hutsuls), a piece of the internal and external Eastern Carpathians. Despite the fact that these lands seem fabulous and very distant to many of us, you can get to them from Moscow or St. Petersburg by train or bus in a little more than a day.

The Ukrainian Carpathians are amazing in different ways in winter and summer. With unusually picturesque nature, which changes as the journey progresses. The surrounding landscape is greatly influenced by the height gained: the Carpathian mountains are sometimes buried in the mighty pines and spruces of dense forests, sometimes they are replaced by impassable slannik on steep meadows (alpine meadows) or dangerous loose slopes and rocks.

Carpathian Mountains: how to get to the highest peaks of Ukraine

The most high peak Ukrainian Carpathians - Hoverla (2061), grew up on the Chornohora ridge, and Mount Petros (2020), standing separately next to it, is the third highest.

In order to get as close as possible to them, you need to get to the villages of Kozmeschik, Yasinya or the Rakhiv railway station, where the Carpathian Mountains are located. Buses go to the first two from Ivano-Frankivsk quite often. The third starting point of the route can be reached from Lviv by diesel train, but since it runs rarely, this route is less preferable.

From Kozmeschik you can climb Petros and Hoverla, as well as go to the Montenegrin ridge. From Yasin it is more convenient to go to Petros, as well as to make a circular hike along the Svidovets ridge, the highest point of which is Mount Bliznitsa (1881). The mountains of this range, although inferior in height to Montenegrin, are no less beautiful. You can build your trip to the Carpathians on this.

Winter on the Carpathian peaks is very harsh; their icy and avalanche-prone slopes do not allow long traverses of the ridges. Hiking along the passes is preferable. One of the most suitable and interesting for ski tourism in the Carpathian Mountains - the Svidovets ridge: snow, frost, spruce trees wrapped in frost and bare peaks sparkling in the winter sun.

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One of the options for both winter and summer travel to these places is a separate mountaineering ascent to the main peaks. It makes sense to set up a base camp at the Edelweiss camp site, in the village. Yasinya is the capital of the Hutsul region, founded in 1583.

From here you can walk through all highest points Ukrainian Carpathians. You need to go from Yasin along the road to the village of Kvasy (famous for its mineral springs). Then follow the forest road up the Kevele River to the bridge on its other bank and further up through the Menchul valley to the peak of Petrosul (1848), and from there to the peak of Petros (2020).

Hiking to the Carpathians: along the Montenegrin ridge

Now the entire Montenegrin ridge is next in line. First, carefully study the Ukrainian Carpathians on the ground; the mountains on the map, at first glance, look “homely”, because the highest of them, Hoverla, has slightly exceeded 2000 m.

However, going to their peaks in rainy weather is very dangerous; strong thunderstorms rage here, and there have been cases when travelers were killed by lightning.

Hoverla Peak

Start with the main, dominant peak - Goverla (2061). Carefully slide down the very steep descent to the saddle to Skopeska Pass (1615). Here you can camp for the night. Then the trail leads through a hillock and a checkpoint (15 hryvnia for a pass to national park"Ukraine, Carpathian Mountains") to the Hlozeshchinzha pass. From here the climb to Hoverla begins. From its top you can go down to the north and finish the hike in Kozmeschik, or to the south, where you can continue the hike into the Carpathians.

Here tourists will find the most beautiful peaks of the Montenegrin ridge: Breskul (1950), Pozhizhevskaya (1822), Dancin (1855), Turkul (1933), Rebra, Munchel, Dzembranya, Montenegrin Pop Ivan (2028) aka Black Mountain. The latter got its name due to a cartographic error, but its real name is Popivan (in Hutsul - wind). But there is also a legend that claims that this name is not accidental. Like, the rocks at the top of this mountain look like a priest in a cassock. Although this, of course, is a matter of everyone’s personal imagination.

White elephant. Observatory ruins

The ruins on its top are definitely not visible - these are the remains of the Polish meteorological observatory “White Elephant”.

You can finish your hike above the clouds by descending from Black Mountain to the village. Dzhembronia (Berestechko) is the highest mountain village of the Ukrainian Carpathians with preserved national flavor.. From there, walk or take a private car (15 km) to the village. Verkhovyna, where there is already a regular bus service from Ivano-Frankivsk.