Secret places in Rome that you won't find in a typical guidebook. All about independent travel to Rome Administrative divisions of Rome

Which, back in the 3rd century BC, began to be called “the greatest eternal city” - this is the dream of millions of travelers from different parts of our planet, who dream of seeing with their own eyes a lot of ancient sights.

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Attractions, including huge number historical and architectural monuments that reflect the former greatness and power of the Great Roman Empire. Thanks to sociological research, experts concluded that Rome is considered the most visited city in the world. The legend of the Roman Empire, its capital, where passions boiled and the fate of many states were decided, is located on seven hills. Rome stretches on both sides of the well-known Tiber River. The climate in the capital is Mediterranean: in the summer it is quite hot, the temperature sometimes exceeds +40 degrees Celsius, and the winter is mild and mostly rainy.

Santa Maria Maggiore

On the territory of modern Rome, in addition to the sights, ancient ruins, the stones of which still remember the voices of Caesar, Nero and other emperors, there is a state within a state, the name of which every Catholic knows - Vatican. Even the most experienced guides conducting excursions around the “eternal city” often spend a long time developing a route, because it can be very difficult to understand what exactly a guest of the capital would like to show.

In Rome, literally everything evokes genuine delight, even among travelers who come to this city more than once. Here, literally at every step, you can come across a unique attraction of its kind, the age of which is estimated to be centuries old. The Roman Forum or the grandeur, wealth and luxury of the Vatican, or perhaps the dome of St. Peter, in the image of which the dome of the Capitol in Washington was built, Piazza Navona or the Altar of the Fatherland - all this will certainly leave indelible impressions any guest of the capital of Italy.

Trajan's Market

A little history

We can talk about the ups and downs, the destruction and rebirth of Rome for an infinitely long time. And how is it possible, even in three to five materials, to reflect at least some part of the history of not only the city, but also the entire huge empire in its time, the fate of which has always been inextricably linked with the capital. The only thing I would like to point out is that in the 19th century, great Rome was nevertheless conquered by the most talented strategist and conqueror Napoleon.

It was he who decided to expel the Pope and “placed his newborn son on the throne.” However, already in 1870, the Italians regained Rome and once again proclaimed it the capital, although now not an empire, but a kingdom. It is also worth paying special attention to the fact that it was on the capital of Italy that the fascists first marched; this event took place in 1922. Soon after, the fascist plague spread throughout the world.

Arch of Titus

Fortunately, the monument city escaped massive bombing and almost all the sights remained safe and sound. It is unlikely that the allies of the USSR would have decided to bomb the city in which the Vatican is located, which is the main spiritual center for all Catholics in the world. Although there were fears that the Germans, who occupied Rome in 1943, would decide to destroy all historical and architectural monuments and simply plunder “ the eternal City" Fortunately, the tragedy did not occur; even the greatest tyrant and despot of all times, Adolf Hitler, did not dare to be remembered as the destroyer of the “eternal city.” Already in 1944, Rome again became free and independent, now from fascism and the power of Benito Mussolini, who, by the way, suffered from a mental disorder and wanted to destroy all the buildings in the capital in order to build a “new city.”

August Palace

Modern Rome

As mentioned above, Rome is currently considered the most visited city by tourists. However, the population of the country's capital, which resembles a woman's boot with an elegant heel on a world map, cannot be called large by today's standards. About three million people permanently live in the city. However, this figure does not include the number of people who come to Rome to work, and, by the way, there are quite a lot of them.

If a tourist comes to the capital of Italy and does not want to take advantage of the offers travel agencies, but develops a tourist route independently, he should definitely first visit the Colosseum, Pantheon, Roman Forum, Piazza del Popolo, St. Peter's Basilica. Naturally, this is only a hundredth part of those attractions that will forever remain in memory. To learn more about Rome and find the places you would like to visit immediately after arrival, you need to familiarize yourself with the tourist brochures available in almost every hotel or read about the city’s attractions on the World Wide Web.

Roman Coliseum

When going to Rome, you should not expect that on your first trip you will see all the most interesting and mysterious places in the ancient city. Rome probably resembles Paris in some ways. At least because in order to truly know this city, you need to be born and die in it. It is difficult to even imagine how much time it might take to visit even a small part of the sights of Rome, because there are more than 900 churches in it alone.

Roman Coliseum	Baths of Caracalla	Roman Pantheon	Roman forum	The mouth of truth
Great Circus	Trevi Fountain	Temple of Vesta	Caesar's Forum

Rome is the mystery of Italy, a duet of metal and stone. Rome in Italy is a remarkable, inspiring and memorable city. Rome in Italy is a noble and aristocratic city. The city of Rome is a landscape of reflection!

The greatness of Italian history is revealed through the great actions of the emperors and generals of Rome. Rome has been for centuries center of the Roman Empire the most powerful, dominant, rich and grandiose empire ancient world. Rome keeps its ancient treasures, evidence of the leading role of the city in the rich historical events, which made it the world's first city-museum. Palace of Saturn, Basilica Emilia, Palace of Castres and Pollux, Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, squares with columns and monuments, as well as the Baths of Caracalla, taverns, Theater of Marcellus, market, Palace of Venus, Arch of Constantine - all this historical heritage

today it is available for contemplation by tourists.

Rome is art, it is history, it is nature! All roads lead to Rome, and from Rome to eternity...

Tourist sunny Italy is all about mood, beauty, emotions, decorations and souvenirs. The inspiration of Italy is the “eternal city” of Rome, where solemnity and grace are valued. Rome in Italy is a city where the soul is filled with delight! The energy of life modern city

juxtaposed with the pomp and sophistication of the ancient world. .

Rome has the smallest

• The most important Roman ruins: the Palatine, and the Baths of Caracalla;
• Imperial Forums;
• is a hymn to the sea and its ruler Neptune. Playful seahorses and newts have united into a single mythical ensemble, delighting citizens and tourists, and a coin thrown into it is the key to a new meeting with the “eternal city”;
• Plaza de España. Fountain in the form of a boat "Barcaccia". The famous Spanish Steps (135 steps);
• . Palace of Venice and the monumental structure “Altar of the Fatherland” (“Vittoriano”).
• . Three fountains: The central one is the “Fountain of Four Rivers”, created in 1648-1650 according to Bernini’s sketches. It is a stele framed by sculptures depicting the rivers Ganges, Nile, Danube and La Plata; The two side ones are “Neptune’s Fountain” and “Moor’s Fountain” (by Giacomo della Porta).

Rome is the most mysterious place in Italy, where the pages of a historical novel seem to come to life! In this ancient city, you create a feeling of merging with history and the nuances are no longer important: either history penetrates you, or you penetrate history! At night, all the monuments are illuminated and Rome is filled with magic!

The art of Rome is wisdom in the guise of beauty and architecture. It was in Rome that they came up with the idea of ​​growing flowers on the windowsill! Cement was also invented in Rome. It is believed that the water in Rome is the most delicious in the world: there are still thousands of springs and fountains here! "Meal'n'Real!" - the slogan is also Roman.
The dynamics, freedom, passion and power of magic of the modern capital of Italy organically fit into the monumental image of Rome.
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Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) in Rome

The most ancient building remaining from ancient Rome, is Coliseum (Flavian Amphitheater). Despite centuries of destruction, it remains the main symbol of Rome today.

The amphitheater was built in the 1st century AD, in 8 years. This impressive elliptical structure with a height of 50 meters, a perimeter of 530 meters, a foundation of 13 meters and 28 elevators is the largest amphitheater of the ancient world.

Colosseum, Flavian Amphitheater, Rome

In accordance with the hierarchy of Roman society, residents had tokens indicating their place in the Colosseum. Residents could attend all performances for free; there were about 10 of them a year. A metal barrier, elephants and archers protected the very first rows where the nobility were seated from wild animals. What haven't the walls of the Colosseum seen? Here they staged battles with wild animals, executions of those sentenced to death, which took place in the form of performances, water battles and gladiator fights, where the main reward was a wooden sword - a symbol of freedom. Since the 6th century, the amphitheater has been abandoned. Its destruction and looting began, which stopped only in 1700, when the Colosseum was declared a place of martyrdom of the first Christians. History comes to us through stones. Time has turned the Colosseum into ruins of history. Today, through the openings of the Colosseum, the Roman sky is blue!

Pantheon in Rome

The Pantheon in Rome is a masterpiece ancient roman architecture, which has come down to us in perfect condition since 125 AD. The Pantheon is the only ancient domed landmark in Rome. It is difficult to imagine that this monolithic building, impressive in size, without a single window on the sides, is luxuriously decorated and well lit inside. The round rotunda with a diameter of 43.5 meters, together with the dome, rises 42 meters, supported by massive walls 6 meters thick. The austere facade of the building is decorated with a rectangular portico, which rests on two rows of 14-meter solemn red monolithic columns made of Egyptian granite (the upper part is made of Greek marble).

The Pantheon, for all its significance and uniqueness, is one of the most accessible attractions for tourists in Rome. Pantheon literally means “Temple of all gods.” But already in 609, by decree of Pope Boniface IV, the ancient temple began to be used as the Christian Church of Our Lady of Martyrs, and this saved it from destruction. Today it is also the main tomb of famous people. The first person to wish to be buried in the Pantheon was the famous Italian Renaissance artist Raphael Santi (1520). So the Pantheon became a mausoleum. Here we found ours last refuge Kings Victor Emmanuel II, Umberto I, Queen Margaret, as well as famous cultural figures Carracci and Zuccari.

Speaking about the Pantheon, one cannot fail to mention the dome. The dome is made of concrete, and a 9-meter round hole in its center illuminates the interior inside, creating the impression of a vault of heaven decorated with stars. Five rows of caissons visually lighten the entire structure and create an “airiness” of the decorative elements of the interior decoration of the vault. Colored African marble is present everywhere inside the Pantheon: from the threshold and mosaic floor to the walls. The altars and niches are decorated with statues of saints, 17th-18th century sculptures and paintings.

Services in the Pantheon are still held today on significant spiritual holidays.

Palatine. Palatine Hill in Rome

Rome stands on 7 hills: Capitol, Palatine, Aventine, Quirinal, Viminal, Caelium, Esquiline.

Palatine Hill is the cradle of the Roman Empire, the second largest after the Capitol (40 meters high).

The Palatine is a museum of ancient Rome under open air. He seems to resurrect the fictions of ancient mythology. According to legend, it was on it that the twins Remus and Romulus were found and suckled by a she-wolf.

The Palatine is a hill from the era of kings and emperors, rightfully occupying a central place in Rome. The Palatine Hill tells its story with the hut of Romulus, the palaces of Tiberius and Flavius, the stadium of Domitian, the aqueduct of Claudius, the palace and botanical garden Farnese, the Baths of Severus, the Palatine Museum, the Temple of Apollo, the House of Augustus, buildings from the era of Nero.

Roman forum

With one ticket you can visit three ancient sights of Rome, which are located in the historical center of the city: Palatine Hill, Roman Forum and Colosseum.

Roman Forum - the former business and political center of Ancient Rome. The view of the Roman Forum is especially vivid from the observation deck located nearby.

• Main attractions of the Roman Forum:
• Arch of Tito (Arco di Tito);
• Arch of Settimo Severo (Arco Settimo Severo) or Septimius Severus;
• Basilica Julia;
• Temple of Venus the Ancestress;
• Temple of the Goddess Vesta;
• Temple of Concord;
• Temple of Saturn;
• Arch of Constantine (Arco di Constantino).

Temple of Saturn(497 BC) is considered the most impressive landmark of the Roman Forum. Its majestic columns and fragments that have survived to posterity date back to the buildings of the 3rd century BC.

Saturn is a mythical god who glorifies the equality of people without classes. Some scientists believe that the custom of Christmas gifts under the tree came precisely from the Roman Saturnalia (festivals in honor of Saturn).

Arch of Constantine rises on the Palatine Hill on the conventional border between the Colosseum and the Roman Forum.

The Arch of Constantine is a three-span arched structure, with the most impressive central span and two arches on the sides, decorated with an attic. It is the last and largest of the three Roman imperial arches that have survived to this day, including the Arch of Titus and the Arch of Settim Severus (height 21 meters, width 26 meters, wall thickness more than 7.3 meters).

An interesting fact is that the Triumphal Arch of Constantine is the only one that was built in 315 as a result of the victory of Emperor Constantine in civil war in the battle on October 28, 312 at the Milvio Bridge over the commander Maxentius, who tried to seize power and declared himself Emperor of Western Rome.

The Arch of Constantine is made of white stone and marble blocks, and it rests on 8 Corinthian columns made of yellowish marble (4 on each side). In the decoration of its attic (a rectangular superstructure over the spans), the Romans used decorations taken from other more ancient monuments: reliefs from the time of Marcus Aurelius and 8 marble statues of the Dacian barbarians from the Trajan Forum. From the era of Hadrian, the Arch of Constantine received 8 medallions with scenes of hunting and sacrifices, which crown the side vaults of two arched spans.

During the reign of Emperor Constantine, new decorations were created on the arch: a relief frieze with illustrations of Constantine's military campaign against Maxentius, as well as the deities of the Moon and the Sun on chariots. The Goddess of Victory Victoria is depicted on the vault of the central arch and the bases of the columns.

The Arch of Constantine is located near St. Gregory Street next to the metro station of line B (Colosseo).

Arch of Septimius Severus erected in 203 AD in honor of the emperor of ancient Rome Septimius Severus and his sons Geta and Caracalla.

This massive arched structure of three bays, 23 meters wide, is the second largest of the memorial arches after the Arc de Triomphe of Constantine. The attic is decorated with inscriptions and bas-reliefs with the exploits and victories in the wars of Septimius Severus with the Partis and the Arabs. The bases of the four columns on the facade of the arch are images of captive barbarians.

Arch of Septimius Severus (Arco Settimo Severo) at the Roman Forum.

Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome

On picturesque coast The Tiber River in Rome rises as a majestic bulk. Spend your holidays in Rome and immerse yourself in its secrets!

Rome (Italy) - the most detailed information about the city with photos and videos. The best attractions of Rome with descriptions, guides and maps.

City of Rome (Italy)

Rome is the capital of Italy and the Lazio region, one of the most beautiful and most interesting cities world, which is often called "Eternal". Located on the legendary seven hills on the Tiber River, approximately 25 km from the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Rome is the cradle of a great civilization and the center of one of greatest empires in the history of mankind. This is a city that has absorbed thousands of years of history, experienced amazing prosperity and a loud fall. Rome is an amazing concentration of antiquities and great ancient buildings, sacred monuments and charming streets, with smooth cobbled stones, polished by millions of feet. It is impossible to cover this city in a short period of time, and a whole book would be needed to list all its attractions.

The historic center of Rome is included in the list of sites World Heritage UNESCO. Here you can touch the period of Antiquity and see buildings that saw the rise of a mighty empire: the famous Forum, the legendary Colosseum, the ancient Pantheon and many other grandiose ruins. Rome also has cozy street cafes and trattorias, famous squares and fountains, palaces and gardens. In addition, the Vatican is located here - dwarf state and the center of the Catholic faith with magnificent museums and the huge Cathedral of St. Peter's, which is a masterpiece of sacred architecture.

Rome has many epithets. The most famous are the “eternal city” and the “city on seven hills”. Rome began to be called Eternal in Antiquity. The city carried this epithet through millennia, despite the fall of the powerful Roman Empire. Rome is called the “city of seven hills” because historically it was located on seven hills: the Palatine, the Capitol, the Quirinal, the Caelium, the Aventine, the Esquiline and the Viminal. Palantine Hill was the first to be settled, then the Capitol and Quirinal.

Founding of Rome

According to a well-known legend, the founding of Rome is associated with the brothers Romulus and Remus. They grew up on the banks of the Tiber at the foot of the Palatine, suckled by a she-wolf. It was they who founded the settlement here. Then a quarrel arose between the brothers. Romulus killed Remus, becoming the first king of Rome. He also founded a fortified settlement on the Palatine Hill.

Geography and climate

Rome is located in central Italy between the Apennine Mountains and Tyrrhenian Sea. The historical center of the city is spread over seven hills.

The climate of Rome is subtropical Mediterranean. Spring is a relatively mild and rainy season. It is usually cool until mid-April. It can already be hot in May. Summer is hot and dry. Autumn is warm and humid, sunny days alternate with rains, which gradually become more frequent.

Rome in the snow is a very rare phenomenon

Winter, from December to February, is quite mild, considering that average temperature in January it is about 7.5 ° C. Frosts are possible at night. February usually feels more like spring.

Practical information

1. Population - 2.9 million people (agglomeration 4.6 million). In terms of population, Rome is the 4th city in the EU.
2. Area - 1.3 thousand square kilometers.
3. Language - Italian.
4. Currency - euro.
5. Visa - Schengen.
6. Time - Central European UTC +1, summer +2.

Districts

• The modern center is Piazza Veneto, the Republic and Barberini, the Trevi Fountain and the surrounding area of ​​the Quirinal. There are many restaurants and shops located here.
• Old Town - Renaissance squares, Piazza Navona, Pantheon.
• The Colosseum is the oldest place in Rome, the Capitoline Hill, which houses the legendary amphitheater, Forum, ancient ruins and many museums.
• The Vatican is the Catholic capital of the world: museums, the cathedral and St. Peter's, St. Castle Angela.
• North Center - Spanish Steps and Villa Borghese.
• Trastevere is a charming area south of the Vatican, on the west bank of the Tiber, an area of ​​narrow cobbled streets and cozy squares that have served as a source of inspiration for creative people.

Administrative divisions of Rome

Rome is divided into 19 municipalities (municipi), 22 historical districts, 35 neighborhoods, 6 suburbs and 53 zones.

Best time to visit

You can practically visit Rome all year round. The only thing is that the city is very hot in summer. Some establishments close at the end of July-August. Therefore, if you do not like the heat, it is better to come to Rome at another time.

Story

The history of Rome is rich and unique, so it would take a whole book to tell it. Here we will limit ourselves to listing the main historical figures and events.

The rise of Rome began in Antiquity, during the royal period. According to tradition, there are seven kings. The first was Romulus. At this time, the first temples appeared in Rome (Temple of Vesta and Temple of Janus), and the famous Servian Wall was built.

Rome in Antiquity

After the Royal period, Rome became a Republic. Then a significant expansion of the Roman state and the strengthening of its power began: roads were laid, magnificent temples and palaces were built. Culture, crafts, architecture, and art developed. The Roman Republic becomes very powerful, and Rome becomes the center of the Ecumene. Central area became the famous Forum, the ruins of which can now be seen. The growth of the state accompanied the change in Rome, which began to rapidly expand, new buildings and structures were erected.

Roman Forum - the center of ancient Rome

The imperial period of Rome is closely connected with the personality of Gaius Julius Caesar. Caesar erects a new Senate building, creates new territory For public buildings on the Champ de Mars. During this period, the power of the Roman Empire increased.

During the reign of Emperor Nero, the city suffered from a severe fire. After him, Rome was rebuilt.

The decline of Rome coincided with the fall of the Roman Empire. In the 5th century, the city was sacked by the Visigoths and Vandals.

In the early and mid-6th century, Rome changed hands six times during the war between Byzantium and the Ostrogoths. At this time, the city's population decreased to 30-40 thousand people. The once greatest city on Earth has fallen into disrepair. The magnificent buildings were slowly destroyed and plundered.

This is followed by the period of Papal power in Rome. With its rise, the center of the city became the Vatican Hill with the Church of St. Petra. At this time, old buildings are being destroyed without hindrance. Only those buildings that were used have survived local nobility or the Church.

At the beginning of the 16th century, Rome was again sacked.

IN modern times the city became a Republic again. Napoleon abolished the Papal State, although after his defeat the power of the Pope was restored.

In 1870, the troops of the Kingdom of Italy occupied Rome, and it became the capital of the kingdom.

During World War II, Rome escaped major destruction, although it was subject to German occupation.

How to get there

Rome has a modern international airport- Fiumicino, which connects the Italian capital with most major cities Europe and the world.

Almost in the center of Rome is the main railway junction of the city - Termini Station, from which you can get to anywhere in Italy.

Public transport in Rome consists of three metro lines, trams and buses. Very well developed commuter service. Tickets can be purchased at tobacco kiosks and public terminals. A one-time ticket costs 1.5 euros and is valid for one trip for 100 minutes.

Shopping and purchases

Rome - perfect place for shopping. Brand stores can be found in the area of ​​del Corso. Cheaper shops in via del Tritone, Campo de' Fiori and in the Pantheon area. If you need a big one shopping mall, that is:

• Euroma2 - 230 shops and restaurants. Line B "EUR Fermi" or "EUR Palasport".
• Cinecitta Due

Food and drink

Italy is famous for its cuisine: lasagna, pizza, pasta and many other dishes are very tasty. Rome has a huge selection of restaurants and cafes. But main advice- avoid tourist places. The food there is often more expensive and not as good. Step aside a little and take a closer look to see if there are Italians sitting in the establishment. This is where you can enjoy real Italian cuisine. From my experience of Roman tours, I can say that the most tasty food in Rome in the area of ​​​​Campo de' Fiori and Trastevere. For drinks, wine is preferable, which is simply excellent here and even in restaurants is not very expensive. Also be sure to try the gelato (ice cream).

Attractions

There are a huge number of attractions in Rome. Probably, the number of historical, cultural and architectural monuments here is the largest per square meter. To explore at least the main attractions of Rome you need to spend more than one day, but to explore this ancient city totally - need to come here several times.

Or the Flavian Amphitheater - a symbol of the greatness of ancient Rome and the pride of the present. It is one of the most famous attractions in the world, visited by 6 million tourists every year. The Colosseum is the largest amphitheater in Antiquity, which could accommodate about 50,000 spectators. Surprisingly, this grandiose structure was built in just 8 years. Construction of the amphitheater began in 72 and was completed in 80. The Colosseum was used for 500 years. It hosted gladiator fights, executions, and exhibitions of exotic animals. Despite earthquakes, looting and even bombing, the Colosseum still makes a strong impression.

Interesting facts about the Colosseum:

• In the Middle Ages, the inhabitants of Rome used the travertine from which the amphitheater was built to build churches, houses and roads. Therefore, it can be called a miracle that the Colosseum survived at all.
• The original name "Flavian Amphitheater" was changed in the Middle Ages. The name comes from the Latin word for "colossal".
• The opening of the Colosseum was accompanied by 100 daylong games, during which about 2,000 gladiators died.
• Initially, the amphitheater had a rich external marble finish.
• In order to protect the spectators in the stands from the sun, a special cloth was stretched.
• Cages with animals and gladiators were located under the arena.

One of the oldest places in Rome, the center of the political and religious life of the city. These legendary ruins are located between the Colosseum and Piazza Venezia. After the fall of the empire, the Forum was forgotten, plundered and buried underground. Excavations were carried out only at the beginning of the 20th century.

Besides large quantity temples that are located in the Forum (Saturn, Venus, Romulus, Vesta, etc.), it is worth paying special attention to the following structures:

• Via Sacra is the main street in Ancient Rome, which connected Piazza del Campidoglio with the Colosseum.
• The Arch of Titus is a triumphal arch dedicated to the victory over the Jews. It was built after the death of Emperor Titus.
• Arch of Septimius Severus, built in 203 AD to commemorate the third anniversary of Severus's tenure as emperor.
• The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, built in the second century, stands out as the best-preserved temple in the Roman Forum.
• Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine - this was one of the most important buildings of the Roman Forum.
• Curia is the Senate building founded by Julius Caesar.
• The Phocus Column is over 13 meters high, created in 608 AD in honor of the Byzantine emperor.

The Trevi Fountain is the largest and beautiful fountain Rome. Was built at the end point ancient aqueduct. The Trevi's final appearance dates back to 1762, when, after many years of work on it by Nicolo Salvi, it was finalized by Giuseppe Pannini.

It is one of the greatest domed structures in the world and one of the best preserved structures of Antiquity. It was built between 25-27 AD. consul Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, son-in-law of Emperor Augustus. After several fires it was rebuilt in 126 AD. under the Emperor Hadrian, who ordered the following lines to be embossed on the facade - “M. AGRIPPA L F COS TERTIUM FECIT”, which is translated from Latin as “Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, elected consul, erected this.”

In 609 the Pantheon was consecrated as a Christian temple. This event made it possible to preserve this unique building almost in its original form.

The Pantheon is a true masterpiece of ancient Roman architecture and engineering. Structurally, it is a concrete-brick rotunda with a giant 43-meter dome. It is assumed that the dome was previously decorated with golden rosettes similar to stars, but no exact evidence of this has been found.

The Palatine Hill is located fifty meters from the Forum. This is the oldest place in Rome. It is believed that the Italian capital was founded on the Palatine. During the Republican period, the Roman nobility settled on the Palatine Hill and built luxurious palaces.

On the Palatine Hill you can see hundreds of ruins of imposing buildings that were created for noble Romans in ancient times. Of these, they deserve special attention:

• House of Flavia (Domus Flavia) - magnificent palace, built in 81 BC by order of Emperor Domitian as his state and official residence.
• The House of Livia is a rather modest house that was built in the 1st century BC. It is one of the best preserved buildings on the Palatine Hill. You can still see the remains of mosaics and frescoes that once decorated the ceilings and walls.
• The House of Augustus is the residence of Octavian Augustus, which still has most valuable and colorful frescoes adorning its walls.
• Farnese Gardens - designed in the mid-16th century on the ruins of the Palace of Tiberius. The Farnese Gardens were one of the first botanical gardens in Europe.
• Hippodrome of Domitian - it is not known for sure whether it was a stadium for racing or simply used as a garden.
• Palatine Museum - This small museum displays rarities found during excavations carried out on the Palatine Hill. The exhibitions contain sculptures, frescoes, mosaics and other objects.

The Arch of Constantine is the most beautiful, largest and best preserved of the ancient triumphal arches of Rome. Built at the beginning of the 4th century AD. and is dedicated to the victory of Emperor Constantine over Maxentius in the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. The arch is tricuspid and made of marble. Decorated with inscriptions and bas-reliefs.

Piazza Navona is one of the most famous squares in Rome, often called " area of ​​three fountains." It was formed at the end of the 15th century and retains the shape of the stadium of Domitian, which stood here in Antiquity. The stadium was built in 86 AD and was larger than the Colosseum. The stadium was mainly used for festivals and sporting events. The buildings surrounding the square, built on the foundations of ancient stands. Today Piazza Navona is one of the most popular places capital of Italy.

Fountain of the Moor in Piazza Navona

Piazza Navona is famous for its fountains:

• The Fountain of the Four Rivers is one of the most famous and beautiful fountains in Rome, built in the first half of the 17th century according to the design of Bernini. Interestingly, he, like Trevi, takes water from the ancient aqueduct - Acqua Virgo. The sculptural composition of the fountain symbolizes the four great rivers: the Danube, the Nile, the Ganges and La Plata. The sculptures are made of white marble. The dominant feature of the sculptural group is the Egyptian obelisk (which was actually made under Emperor Domitian and adorned the circus on the Appian Way). The height of the obelisk is more than 16 meters.
• The Moor's Fountain is located in the southern part of the square. At first the fountain was without sculptures. The sculpture of the Moor was made by Bernini in the 17th century, and all the other sculptures were made in the 19th century.
• The Neptune Fountain occupies the northern part of the square. Until the 19th century, it did not have a sculptural composition.

Directly opposite the Fountain of the Four Rivers is Sant'Agnese in Agone, a beautiful 17th-century Baroque church with two bell towers by Borromini. Although the original architect was Rainaldi. The church has a magnificent and rich interior decoration. Dedicated to Saint Agnes - an early Christian torment.

Piazza di Spagna is one of the most charming squares in Rome. Its main attraction is the Baroque Spanish Steps, built in the 18th century, which leads to the top of the Pincio hill and the Trinita dei Monti church. At the foot of the stairs there is a beautiful fountain called Barcaccia.

Climbing the Spanish Steps, you can see the ancient Roman obelisk of Sallust, built during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. It is a copy of the ancient Egyptian obelisks scattered throughout Rome. At the top of the Pincio hill is also the church of Trinita dei Monti, built in the 16th century in the Italian Renaissance style.

The Altar of the Fatherland (Vittoriano) is one of the most controversial landmarks of the Italian capital, located in Piazza Venezia. The structure was built at the beginning of the 20th century and dedicated to Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a united Italy. Inside there is a museum - the Risorgimento. The colossal monument is 135 meters long and 70 meters high. The Vittoriano consists of many majestic Corinthian columns and staircases, which are carved from white marble. In the center is a bronze equestrian sculpture of Victor Emmanuel.

From Vittoriano you can walk along Via del Teatro di Marcello up to the Cordonata - the majestic staircase on Capitol Square, designed by the great Michelangelo in the 16th century. In the corner of the square is the famous Capitoline Wolf - a small bronze sculpture. The sculpture depicts a she-wolf feeding the infants Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome, with her milk.

Castel Sant'Angelo or Hadrian's Mausoleum is a monumental structure on the right bank of the Tiber in Hadrian's Park. It is a tall fortified cylindrical building. The history of this structure begins in the first half of the 2nd century AD. Emperor Hadrian (who literally rebuilt a third of Rome) conceived it as a tomb for himself and his family members. The mausoleum was completed after his death. The funeral urns of Hadrian and Septimius Severus were placed in it. The last person buried there was Caracalla. During the Papacy there was a fortress and a prison here. Currently, Castel Sant'Angelo is a museum, one of the most visited in Rome. The castle can be reached via the St. Bridge. Angela is pedestrian bridge across the Tiber, decorated with statues of St. Peter and Paul and ten angels.

In 1277, an 800-meter fortified corridor was built that connected the castle with the Vatican so that the pope could take refuge in the fortress in case of danger. This corridor was used only once - in 1527.

The Vatican is a miniature state within Rome, the center of the Catholic faith. If you are an art lover, then be sure to visit the Vatican Museums. They contain hundreds of unique, valuable creations, paintings, and sculptures. The Vatican Museums are very popular among tourists, so there are usually long queues. It is best, of course, to visit them in groups.

One of the main attractions of the Vatican is St. Peter's Basilica - the largest Christian church in the world, the main Catholic temple. This is the largest and most grandiose building of the Vatican. The greatest masters of that time worked on the creation of the cathedral: Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bernini. The cathedral's capacity is about 60 thousand people. The interior of the cathedral amazes with its harmony of proportions and its enormous size. There are a lot of statues, altars, tombstones, works of art by outstanding masters. You can enter the cathedral absolutely free. Entrance from St. Square Petra.

Villa Borghese is the largest park in Rome and one of the largest city parks in Europe. The state acquired the gardens of the Borghese family in 1901 and soon turned them into a park. Villa Borghese is an interesting combination of nature and art, a place where interesting architectural elements, sculptures, monuments and fountains are located, created at different times by famous artists and sculptors.

What interesting things you can see here:

• The Borghese Gallery is one of the most important museums in the Italian capital. It features paintings by artists such as Raphael, Titian and Caravaggio.
• The zoo contains more than 1000 animals.
• Pincio water clock from the 19th century.

Trastevere is one of the most pleasant areas to walk in Rome, with a typically Italian atmosphere. This is one of best places for lunch or dinner in the Italian capital. A walk through the narrow cobbled green streets of Trastevere will reveal hidden treasures such as modest medieval churches, small shops with the most unusual objects or scenes Everyday life Romans

The medieval "working class district" of Trastevere, located on the "other side" of the Tiber, is one of the most charming places in Rome. Delicious ice cream, the best cookies in the city and excellent gastronomy attract not only tourists, but also Italians themselves. Although the area is only a 15-minute walk from the historic center of Rome, it has a lively atmosphere small town. Residents of this popular quarter consider themselves true Romans. Here, in the maze of narrow streets around Piazza Santa Maria, which is the heart of Trastevere, time seems to stand still. After sunset, people flock to the numerous restaurants, enlivening these streets until late at night.

The center of the area is Piazza Santa Maria, where you can see the ancient basilica and fountain.

The catacombs are an extensive network of underground burial places of early Christians and Jews that date back to the 2nd-5th centuries. The catacombs were founded by Christians who did not accept the pagan customs of burning bodies. Therefore, to solve this problem, due to lack of space and high price land in Rome, they decided to create these huge underground cemeteries. The catacombs have a huge number of underground passages, which form real labyrinths several kilometers long, along which rows of rectangular burial niches were dug.

Rome has more than sixty catacombs, consisting of hundreds of kilometers of underground passages containing thousands of tombs. Currently, only five of them are open to the public:

• Catacombs of San Sebastiano (Via Appia Antica, 136). These catacombs are 12 kilometers long and dedicated to St. Sebastian. Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
• Catacombs of San Callisto (Via Appia Antica, 126). A network of passages more than 20 kilometers long. The Tombs of San Callisto were the burial place of 16 pontiffs and dozens of Christian martyrs. Opening hours are from Thursday to Tuesday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
• Catacombs of Priscilla (Via Salaria, 430). They contain some frescoes of great importance for the history of art and the first images of the Virgin Mary. Opening hours: Sunday to Sunday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
• Catacombs of Domitilla (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280). Discovered in 1593, these catacombs, more than 15 kilometers long, owe their name to the granddaughter of Vespasian. Opening hours are from Monday to Monday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.

Trajan's Market is located opposite the Forum. It was built between 100 and 110 AD and is considered to be Europe's first covered "shopping mall". The complex, made of red brick and concrete, had six levels containing up to 150 different shops and apartments.

Baths of Caracalla - located near the Appian Way. They are among the largest and most impressive baths built in the Roman Empire. Visiting the baths was a favorite pastime of the Romans, who regularly came here not only to maintain their hygiene, but also for social relations. In the vast area where the baths were located, the citizens of Rome could not only use the public baths, but also devote their time to doing physical exercises, visiting the library, walking through the gardens, or praying to the gods. The Baths of Caracalla, covered in marble and decorated with valuable works of art, were the most luxurious baths that were and will be built in ancient times.

Piazza del Popolo Popolo

Piazza del Popolo is a large oval square in northern Rome that has existed since Roman times. At one time, an important road leading to the north began here. Three churches border the square, but the main attraction is the obelisk of Ancient Egypt. On the north side of the square are the Porta del Popolo, which lead to Via Flaminia, the road connecting Rome to the Adriatic coast.

The Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin is a small basilica built in the Middle Ages that houses several Christian relics (such as the skull of St. Valentine).

The Mouth of Truth is a huge marble mask that, according to legend, bites the hand of those who lie. Located in the portico of Santa Maria in Cosmedin.

The Circus Maximus is the largest stadium in Rome, located between the Palatine and Aventine. It was built for chariot racing. The stadium could accommodate up to 300,000 spectators. Nowadays, the ruins of what was once Maximus' circus barely survive. Now there is only a huge terrace that follows the shape of the stadium. This often disappoints tourists who visit it hoping to find at least some ruins.

Janiculum - very nice place for walking, which is removed from the hustle and bustle of the city, and also excellent Observation deck. Many call the Janiculum the eighth hill of Rome.

The Acqua Paola Fountain is a monumental marble fountain created in the 17th century to celebrate the opening of the old Roman aqueduct.

Where to go from Rome: 5 options interesting trips and excursions

Italy seems pretty large country compared to other European countries. But only at first glance. Almost all cities in Italy are within an accessible distance from each other and are connected by rail. It is very convenient to travel between them by train, especially from Rome, which is actually in the center of the country. That is why many travelers do not limit themselves to visiting just the capital of Italy. If you are ready to consider the possibility of traveling from Rome to some other city one day, then we will be happy to help you and tell you about several of the most interesting options.

How to get from Rome to the sea

At the height of summer, Rome heats up to the limit: at this time the temperature rarely drops below +35 in the shade. When you walk along the ancient streets of the capital of Italy and are languishing in the heat, the thought involuntarily comes to mind that it would be nice to cool off somewhere, and besides the far from attractive Tiber, there are no ponds or equipped beaches in Rome. Few people know that the much-desired azure sea is much closer than it might seem at first glance: it is located only 25 km from the city and is accessible to absolutely any tourist. Using our tips, you can significantly diversify your stay in the “eternal city” and relax on the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Rome on your own: step-by-step trip organization

Rome, or as it is often called, the “eternal city” is the dream of many travel lovers. We are told about the key role in the development of human civilization and the enormous cultural and historical heritage of Rome from childhood, in history lessons, thereby forming the image of a great and unique city.

Stop dreaming, it's time to go to Rome and see it with your own eyes!

Rome public transport

Despite the fact that this article is devoted to the public transport system in Rome, the first thing I would like to start with is to recommend that all our readers use it as little as possible and give preference to walking. Rome is not a city where you should save your time and energy. Rome is real ancient miracle, preserved to this day, an open-air museum. Every square meter, every step will bring you unforgettable experience. Is it worth losing this, languishing in a bus or subway car? And to be honest, the transport of Rome is unlikely to surprise even novice travelers with anything.

Where to stay in Rome?

How to get to Rome. Flights 2020

Rome is, perhaps, one of the most popular and beloved cities among all travelers in the world, including Russians. Thanks to the dense network of European low-cost airlines, you can get to the “eternal city” in a variety of ways. We present to your attention a selection of the cheapest tickets to Rome.

Tickets to the Colosseum online and other ways to get there without queuing

The Colosseum is definitely the most popular attraction in Rome... and what about Rome - practically, the whole world! Thousands of tourists strive not only to take pictures against the backdrop of this great structure, but also to get directly inside it. Of course, it's not that simple. There are hours-long queues of tourists at the entrance to the Colosseum, especially during high season. Standing for 2-3 hours under the hot sun is not the most pleasant experience. But fortunately, this is not the only way to get to the Colosseum.

Fiumicino Airport. How to get from the airport to the city

Leonardo da Vinci International Airport or Fiumicino Airport is the largest airport in Rome and throughout Italy, also among the top 10 largest airports Europe. This airport is located 30 km from Rome.

Interesting excursions in Rome in Russian

The “Eternal City” contains a huge antique cultural heritage: remains ancient temples, basilica and other significant buildings. But, you must admit, without history, these remnants of former greatness become ordinary forks. Without knowledge of history, Rome loses its cultural value. That is why such a form of leisure as excursions has become extremely popular among city guests.

How to get to the Vatican Museums: online tickets, secrets and tips

The Vatican Museums and the Sistine Chapel are world-class attractions, along with the Eiffel Tower, etc. There are millions of people who want to get here. Therefore, a visit to the museum should be carefully planned and thought out, so that kilometer-long queues and crowds do not spoil the impression.

Self-guided itineraries around Rome for 1, 2 and 3 days

Especially for those who are going to Rome for a relatively short period of time and want to get to know this beautiful city as closely as possible, we have prepared several routes for walking around it. So, what can you see in Rome in one, two or three days?

What to see in the Vatican and all the most interesting things about it

Perhaps the most unique place in Rome is the Vatican. Yes, the very phrase “Vatican in Rome” sounds paradoxical, because Rome is a city, and the Vatican is an entire state. One way or another, for the vast majority of tourists, the Vatican is one of the main attractions of the capital of Italy.

Where to try pizza in Rome? The best pizzerias in the city

One of the main elements of Italian culture is, of course, National cuisine: pasta, cheeses, pizza and more. Of course, everyone who goes to Rome definitely sets the goal of trying real Italian pizza. There are a huge number of pizzerias in Rome, ranging from ordinary cheap eateries to expensive " tourist attractions" Among hundreds of similar establishments, you can also find real traditional pizzerias that have been operating for a very long time and, first of all, have gained respect and popularity among the local population. This is exactly where we, travelers, need to go!

Castle Sant'Angelo: history and interesting facts

On the banks of the Tiber, not far from the Vatican, rises a powerful and quite unusual building, attracting the attention of visitors to Rome. This is the Castel Sant'Angelo, or, as it is also called, Hadrian's Mausoleum. It is quite difficult not to notice it: the building is almost 50 meters high and is located on a slight hill. Just like anyone else architectural monument Rome, Castel Sant'Angelo has a fairly significant reason for its appearance and, subsequently, a very rich history.

10 things you must do in Rome

When planning your trip to Rome, sometimes even the most avid traveler's eyes begin to run wild. Cultural and architectural heritage, which Rome has been keeping for us for the third millennium in a row - truly immense. But let’s still try to make a list of the most important things that every guest of the Eternal City needs to do.

The very best squares in Rome

Due to its rich history, several cultural and historical centers have formed on the territory of modern Rome, which once played a significant role in the life of the city. Therefore, it is quite difficult to determine the most important square of the city. Each major square in Rome can be assigned its own special status of “the most...”. In this article, we have prepared an overview of several of the most popular and significant squares of the city, which you should not pass by.

Top 10 attractions in Rome

Rome is a city with almost three thousand years of history. Many monuments of ancient architecture have miraculously survived here to this day, which makes the “eternal city” popular all over the world. They say that a lifetime is not enough to see absolutely all the sights of this city. Is it so? Let's leave this question open and for now limit ourselves to the most important sights that are a must-see for travelers who are going to Rome for only a few days.

Vittoriano - a controversial landmark in Rome

In the historical center of Rome, literally 5 minutes from the Colosseum and the Roman Forum, is the snow-white Vittoriano monument. This attraction does not have world fame, unlike its famous neighbors. And according to some, Vittoriano completely spoils architectural ensemble Rome, standing out unfavorably against the background of other historical buildings.

Rome is an important transport hub, a financial and commercial center and an international fashion center, as well as the center of national cinema. Industrial complexes occupy territories mainly in the south and east of the city, including enterprises in such industries as electronics, book publishing, the chemical industry, telephone production, textiles and food. But the main significance of Rome is that it is a governmental, administrative and state center. The main employer in the city is the service sector.

Nutrition

In the city, every gourmet and fast food lover will find an establishment to their liking. After all, Italy is a recognized country of culinary specialists, and Rome is its capital. One of the famous restaurants in the city is Agata e Romeo, where you will be offered completely unique dishes: spiced rabbit, tomatoes in caramel glaze, cucumber sherbet and a fairly large list of culinary exotics. The Il Convivio restaurant also offers its visitors a unique menu, where you can try exotic meat dishes and desserts, ricotta and stuffed pumpkin flowers, and also check out the restaurant’s rich wine list.

You can try classic home cooking at the Spinosi Alberto restaurant. Specialties include traditional homemade cakes and fish prepared according to an ancient recipe.

Vegetarians will fall in love with Margutta Vegetariano-RistorArte, which features live music on weekends. Seafood lovers should visit La Rosetta restaurant and order their fish platter. The menu of the family restaurant Vicolo delle Grotte consists of European cuisine. La Taverna del Ghetto restaurant serves the best traditional Italian cuisine.

The Gusto restaurant is divided into a pizzeria and a restaurant serving European cuisine. And in the Glass Hostaria restaurant you will enjoy not only excellent Italian cuisine, but also interesting modern design.

Transport

Rome has two metro lines, six tram lines and many bus routes. All city public transport belongs to one company, so single travel tickets apply to all types of transport. Night buses (with the index N) run from midnight to 5.30 am. A map of bus routes can be purchased at the ATAS information office, for example at the office window in Piazza dei Cinquecento or Stazione Termini.

When entering a bus or tram, do not forget to punch your ticket. If the device does not work, write the date and time of boarding on the ticket with a pen. Try to buy travel tickets in advance, since drivers do not always sell them.

The cost of a ticket for one trip lasting up to 75 minutes is 1 €, and during this time you can ride on several routes (for example, changing a bus to a tram). In Rome you can purchase one-day, three-day and weekly passes. They cost 4.1€, 11€ and 16€ respectively. There are passes for more long term, but for this you will have to issue a special certificate.

Don’t be surprised if a taxi driver passes by with a wave of his hand, the fact is that in Rome they stop only in specially designated places. So you still have to look for a taxi stop.

Purchases

Antiques are sold on the streets near Piazza Navona and on Via dei Coronari. Fashionable (expensive) clothes - mainly in shops around the Spanish Steps, as well as on Via Condotti, somewhat cheaper clothes on Via del Corso or Via Frattina; second hand - on Via del Governo Vecchio. The market at Campa de Fiori is especially good.

Safety

The capital of Italy is considered a safe city; troubles rarely happen to tourists here. You can safely walk around the historical part of Rome both day and night. But still, do not forget about the basic rules of caution.

The biggest danger comes from pickpockets and shippatores (thieves on mopeds), who snatch bags from passers-by as they move. You can come across such robbers in the area of ​​Termini Station and other crowded places: at the Colosseum, on the Spanish Steps, at the Trevi Fountain. They act very professionally - you definitely won’t be able to react in time. Their objects are handbags, cameras, video cameras. Try to hold or hang such things in front, and not on your shoulder.

Pickpockets pull out wallets, take off watches and jewelry. Therefore, try to leave valuables at the hotel. In addition, pickpockets often ply their trade in public transport, and the most popular routes among them are buses No. 40 and No. 64, which go from St. Peter's Basilica to Termini Station.

Also, do not forget your bags on the seats of cars - this is a very big temptation for street thieves.

Beware of the little gypsies, they have also been trained to work professionally. While some will distract you, others will quickly “cleanse” you.

It is recommended to travel around Rome on foot, since attractions are located literally at every step. In this case, it will not be superfluous to have a phrasebook with you, since local residents The situation is not very good with foreign languages. It is better to change money at large banks or at a hotel.

When visiting the Vatican, be sure to wear closed clothing - short skirts, shorts, as well as clothes with a deep neckline and short sleeves will not let you through.

In cafes and restaurants, you are expected to tip 10% of the total order.

From 13:00 to 16:00 the vast majority government agencies and shops are closed for lunch.

Hotel deals

How to get to Rome

By plane. Many airlines have direct flights from Moscow to Rome (travel time is about three and a half hours; a round-trip ticket will cost about 10,000 - 15,000 rubles).

By car. From Moscow to Rome - 3047 km. You will have to travel through Belarus, Poland, the Czech Republic (you will need transit visa) and Austria. There may be hours-long queues and unpleasant inspections at the borders, and traveling with Russian license plates through Poland is not always safe.

A visa for motorists is issued in the same way as for everyone else. Car insurance (“green card”) is required; it can be purchased from the same company as the medical policy. Registration certificate and driver license must be of international standard.