Brianchaninovs' estate. Vologda Region
Pokrovskoye is the family estate of the old noble family of the Bryanchaninovs, which originated from the boyar Mikhail Brenko, the squire of the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Donskoy.
In 1803, Alexander Semyonovich Bryanchaninov (1784 - 1875) inherited the Pokrovskoye estate from his ancestors. Brianchaninov served in the Alexander Hussar Regiment as a cornet. He was a page-chamber under Emperor Pavel Petrovich. He had a good education, excellent taste, and was fond of hunting. He was married to the heiress of another branch of the Bryanchaninovs, Sofya Afanasyevna. Having married, Brianchaninov decides to build an estate for his future family in Pokrovskoye. The location was not chosen by chance. There was already a graveyard in the village where representatives of the Brianchaninov family were buried.
The main house of the estate was built in 1809-1810 according to the design of local self-taught architect Alexander Sapozhnikov. The proportions of the building are so precise and elegant that, despite the documented authorship, some experts suggest that the house could have been designed by a certain metropolitan architect close to the school of Matvey Kazakov or Nikolai Lvov.
In general, the architectural and landscape complex of the Brianchaninovs’ estate has been preserved to this day in its historical form. The layout of the estate is typical for the era of classicism. Double decker main house combined with an attic by one-story galleries with two wings.
In the attic there were two rooms for the owners, the second floor was reserved for children's rooms, and on the first floor there was a living room, a hall, an office, guest rooms and a dining room. The outbuildings housed utility rooms and servants' rooms.
The facade of the house is richly decorated with stucco decoration in the form of helmets, banners, peaks, and horse heads. All these attributes of military glory - a tribute to the military merits of the Brianchaninovs - have survived to this day in their original form. As for the interior of the house, only the wooden twisted staircase to the second floor has survived to this day without alterations.
The area of the estate was 1800 acres. In addition to the main house, the estate complex included a number of buildings.
To the east of the house there is a brick Church of the Intercession Holy Mother of God, built in 1811 next to the family necropolis. In addition, there were utility rooms on the estate.
Of these, the cellar (2nd half of the 19th century) and the stables (2nd half of the 19th century) have survived to this day. Also today you can see the servants' quarters and the priest's house (privately owned).
The estate was once famous for its kennel for 200 dogs and a menagerie for hunting, with hares, foxes and even bears.
The extensive garden adjacent to the house is an example of landscape art of the 19th century. It was divided into three parts - terraces.
The upper terrace consists of 8 linden alleys planted in the shape of a star, and the areas are decorated with flower beds.
The second terrace is planted mainly with larches and firs. The border between the terraces is a line of fruit trees. In the center of the terrace, the earthen ramparts of the labyrinth were preserved; not far from it there was a grotto made of cobblestone.
The lower terrace of the park is an open area. Garden plants grew here - berries, fruits and vegetables. There was also a fountain here, providing coolness.
At the end of the garden there were greenhouses for flowers, fruits and vegetables.
The main alley of the park starts from the parterre flowerbed at the southern facade of the main house and stretches across the entire park, ending in a large oval pond with a bridge.
Modern park The estate is reproduced only partially by the Bryanchaninov park; many of its elements have been lost.
There were nine children in the family of Alexander Semenovich and Sofia Afanasyevna Bryanchaninov. The most famous of them is Dmitry Aleksandrovich Bryanchaninov.
From childhood, Dmitry was passionate about searching for the meaning of life, manifestations of Divine providence. His father sent him to study at the Main Engineering School in St. Petersburg, during which Dmitry decided to become a monk. He graduated from school with the rank of lieutenant in 1826, but the following year he was dismissed from service due to illness and entered the Alexander-Svirsky Monastery in the Olonets province, then he was in other monasteries. In 1831 he was tonsured a monk with the name in honor of Saint Ignatius the God-Bearer. Then he became a hieromonk and was appointed abbot of the Lopotov Pelypem Monastery. Since 1833, Ignatius became rector of the Trinity-Sergius Hermitage near St. Petersburg in the rank of archimandrite. In 1857 he was already Bishop of the Caucasus and Black Sea.
In 1861, upon request, he was retired and settled in the Nikolo-Babaevsky monastery of the Kostroma diocese.
Father Ignatius’ circle of acquaintances included many cultural figures of that time: Pushkin, Krylov, Batyushkov, Glinka, Gogol, Bryullov, Admiral Nakhimov and others.
In 1988, Father Ignatius Brianchaninov was canonized. After the canonization, Patriarch Alexy of Moscow and All Rus' visited Pokrovskoye, about which a memorial plaque has been preserved.
Alexander Nikolaevich and Vladimir Nikolaevich Bryanchaninov. 1880
The last owners of the estate before the revolution were Vladimir and Sofya Bryanchaninov. After being warned by the peasants about the threat of arrest, they hastily left Russia. Leaving almost all their property, in 1918 they emigrated through Crimea to Czechoslovakia. Later, their children left for Australia in 1945.
In 1820, the estate was rebuilt by the famous Moscow architect A. S. Kutepov. And in 1924, the Oktyabrskie Vskhody sanatorium opened here, which existed until the 90s. During this period, the building was rebuilt several times. A warehouse was set up in the Church of the Intercession. However, thanks to the management of the sanatorium, the estate as a whole was preserved in its historical form until 1960, when it was taken under state protection. After the sanatorium was closed, the estate complex quickly fell into disrepair.
In 1997, based on the surviving drawings of A. Sapozhnikov, sketches of the building, landscape plans, family archives of the Brianchaninovs, as well as photographs and descriptions made by the famous art critic Georgy Lukomsky, a restoration project for the estate was developed. By 2009, the estate was restored.
- Tours for May in Russia
- Last minute tours in Russia
Previous photo Next photo
The Bryanchaninovs' estate is a noble estate built at the beginning of the 19th century in the village of Pokrovskoye. This estate was the family home of the future canonized Saint Ignatius. Therefore, every year more and more tourists and pilgrims come here to get acquainted with the architecture of the nineteenth century and the house in which the saint spent his childhood.
The noble house is not very large: there can be no more than 40 visitors at a time. Therefore, it is better to call or write to the staff in advance to sign up for a tour. In addition, the estate's Intercession Church, built in 1811, is noteworthy. Nearby is the Bryanchaninov family cemetery, where the first owner of the estate, Alexander Semyonovich Bryanchaninov, is buried, a page of Emperor Paul I in his youth.
The main house was built in the style of early classicism, although seemingly fragile in appearance, it amazes with its exquisite stucco work outside and inside the building. The house is adjacent to a regular park, created in the French style. It is famous for its linden alleys designed in the shape of a cross.
The Bryanchaninovs' estate is called one of the best in Russia.
The estate complex operates in the following hours: November-April from 10:00 to 18:00; May-October from 10:00 to 19:00. Day off is Monday.
The price of a tour of the estate is 250 RUB.
How to get there
The village is located near Vologda, only 28 km. You can get to it by your own transport along the New Moscow Road. At the Vinnikovo-1 sign you need to turn right and drive another 7 kilometers along the road to the estate.
Brianchaninovs' estate
| Manor | |
|
Brianchaninovs' estate |
|
| A country | Russia |
| Village | Pokrovskoe |
| Building type | estate |
| Architectural style | early classicism |
| Author of the project | architect Alexander Sapozhnikov, rebuilt in 1820 by architect A. S. Kutepov |
| Founder | A. S. Brianchaninov |
| Construction | - years |
| Notable inhabitants | Alexander Semyonovich Brianchaninov |
| Status | |
| State | restored in 2009 |
Coordinates: 59°02′04.13″ n. w. 39°57′23.38″ E. d. / 59.034481° s. w. 39.956494° E. d.(G) (O) (I)59.034481 , 39.956494
Brianchaninovs' estate- Russian noble estate of the early 19th century in the village of Pokrovskoye, Yurovsky municipal formation, Gryazovets district, Vologda region. Built in the style of early classicism. A historical and cultural monument of federal significance and a monument of landscape gardening art of regional significance. The estate is also known for the fact that Dmitry Aleksandrovich Brianchaninov, the future Bishop of the Caucasus and Black Sea Ignatius, canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church as a saint, was born and raised in it. The estate includes the main house with outbuildings and galleries (1809-1810), the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1811), the Bryanchaninov necropolis (19th century), a park with a pond (early 19th century), and a stable (2nd half of the 19th century). ) and cellar (2nd half of the 19th century).
Story
The Bryanchaninov estate is the family estate of the old Russian noble family of the Bryanchaninovs. The village of Pokrovskoye was probably granted by Brianchaninov as an estate for military services in the 17th century. In 1803, the estate was inherited by Alexander Semenovich Bryanchaninov, who decided to build a new estate next to the family cemetery in Pokrovskoye. Construction of the main house of the estate was carried out in 1809-1810 according to the design of local architect Alexander Sapozhnikov. In 1811, the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary was erected at the family cemetery of the Brianchaninov family. In 1820, the estate was rebuilt by the famous Moscow architect A. S. Kutepov. Pokrovskoye belonged to the Bryanchaninovs until 1918. The last owners of the estate were Vladimir and Sofia Bryanchaninov, who were forced to leave Russia after the October Revolution. In 1924, the Oktyabrskie Vskhody sanatorium was organized on the territory of the estate, which was located there until the early 90s of the 20th century. During this period, the building was rebuilt several times. The Church of the Intercession was closed and converted into a warehouse. Nevertheless, thanks to the management of the sanatorium, the estate as a whole was preserved in its historical form until 1960, when it was taken under state protection. In the 90s of the twentieth century, after the sanatorium was closed, the estate complex quickly fell into disrepair. In 1997, based on the surviving drawings of A. Sapozhnikov, sketches of the building, landscape plans, family archives of the Bryanchaninovs, as well as photographs and descriptions of the art critic G.K. Lukomsky, under the leadership of the architect S.B. Kulikov, a project for the restoration of the estate was developed. Repair and restoration work was completed in 2009. Currently, the estate houses the cultural, educational and spiritual center “Brianchaninovs’ Estate” - a branch of the AUC VO “Vologdarestavratsiya”. There is also a museum exhibition here that tells about the life of the village of Pokrovskoye, about St. Ignatius, other representatives of the Bryanchaninov family, as well as about the scientific restoration of the estate complex.
Architecture
In general, the architectural and landscape complex of the Brianchaninovs’ estate has been preserved to this day in its historical form. The layout of the estate has a longitudinal-axial composition of the placement of the main spatial zones, characteristic of the era of classicism. The main house is a rectangular two-story stone building measuring 12x6 meters with an attic on two pairs of Corinthian columns and a balcony balustrade. The house is united by one-story galleries with two wings.
In the attic there were two rooms for the owners, the second floor was reserved for children's rooms, and on the first floor there was a living room, a hall, an office, guest rooms and a dining room. The outbuildings housed utility rooms and servants' rooms. The stucco decorations of the facades in the form of helmets, banners, peaks, and horse heads have survived to this day in their original form, and from the magnificent interior decoration, the wooden twisted staircase to the second floor has been preserved in its original form. In addition to the main house, the estate complex included a number of buildings. To the east of the house there is a brick Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, organically integrated into the unified architectural style of the estate. Nearby is the family necropolis of the Bryanchaninov family. Once the area of the estate was 1965 hectares, on which numerous outbuildings. A wooden stable, a cellar, a servant's room and a substantially rebuilt priest's house have survived to this day.
The Brianchaninovs' estate park is an example of landscape art of the 19th century. From the southern façade of the main house, it descends the hillside in three terraces. On the upper terrace there are linden alleys. The second terrace is planted primarily with deciduous trees. The border between the terraces is a line of fruit trees. The lower terrace of the park is a meadow. The main alley of the park starts from the parterre flowerbed at the southern facade of the main house and stretches across the entire park, ending in a large oval pond. There is a bridge across the pond, from which a path leads to a nearby forest. The modern estate park partially reproduces the Bryanchaninovs' park. Many of its elements have been lost irretrievably. Nevertheless, it is pleasant to walk through the ancient park at any time of the year, but it is especially beautiful here in July, when the garden bells bloom, and in the fall.
Notes
Documentation
Resolution No. 1223 dated December 4, 2006, Vologda. “On approval of the boundaries of the protection zones of the historical and cultural monument of the Bryanchaninovs’ estate in the village. Pokrovskoye, Gryazovets district, Vologda region." Archived from the original on October 3, 2012.
"Pokrovskoe". Brianchaninovs' estate
// G. Lukomsky. Vologda in its old days. – St. Petersburg, 1914
20 versts from Vologda along a country road and 15 versts from the district town of Gryazovets is the Pokrovskoye estate. Old stone house, well preserved and maintained, testifies to the best era of classical manor construction. There is no exact indication of the year of construction, and the name of the architect is unknown.*
* There is an assumption that the estate was built by an exiled architect, who lived all the time in Pokrovsky.
According to the chronicle located in the archives of the estate's church, the construction of the house can be dated no later than 1809-1810.
The church was built later, precisely in 1811.
If this dating is correct, then the house built by the ancestor of the current owner Brianchaninov is a genuine example of the style of early classicism of the late 18th century, the influence of which reached such a wilderness as the Vologda province was in those days, of course, somewhat later than the heyday of this style, for example, in Moscow.
The buildings of the architect Matvey Kazakov and his students differ from subsequent buildings in their great tenderness, even fragility of execution. These buildings have even thin (and often paired) columns, decorated with consoles of balconies, ornaments in ovals, roses in octagons, garlands falling from the lintel locks and lying along the arches of the windows. All these specifically Moscow details of M. Kazakov’s style, partly visible in the buildings of Kaluga (the gates of Kologrivova’s house) - and so clearly expressed in the buildings of Moscow (the village of Lipgarda on Myasnitskaya, the village of the Sixth Gymnasium, etc.) - are also captured in the estate house " Pokrovsky".
In fact, neither the details characteristic of the St. Petersburg architect - the style of Louis XVI - Rinaldi, nor the features of the work of De la Motte or Felten are visible in the treatment of the facade. But the similarity of its general composition with the aforementioned Lipgard house or even with the gates in Kaluga is very great. What is visible here is, if not the hand of one master, then one school, one movement, one understanding of style - typically Moscow, and of course, there is no need to talk about any details characteristic of Polish classicism. But a closer look at the architecture of the house forces us to admit that the amazing correctness of the details, and the purity and elegance of the modeling (the fittings, the heads of rams on the brackets, the design of the window lintel lock) could not have been achieved with the participation of an ordinary craftsman...
However, the architecture of the house is interesting not only for its processing; the entire plan of the house reveals flexible imagination and at the same time excellent traditions. The central part, rising like a mezzanine, has one façade facing the garden and the other facing the courtyard.
Two small wings extend from this central part, continuing further in semicircles and ending in wings.
The façade on the entrance side is processed more poorly; here is a beautiful spot - just a semicircle, decorated with pilasters and rich platbands above the semicircles of windows. From the garden side, the middle part is like a portal; paired columns support two rectangles on which the pediment is placed; it has a recess with a beautiful coffered niche. Under it, as under a canopy, is a balcony supported by brackets; between the last there are round windows and below the windows of the hall. On the side wings there are windows with semicircles. A low terrace descends to the garden alley.
In the far northeast there is an echo of Palladio's villa, but reworked with a unique understanding of the beauty of detail. Lovely Pokrovskoye is one of the best estates in Russia.*
* The builder of the estate (A.S. Brianchaninov) treated his new estate with great love, and when in 1812 he had to leave for Moscow to serve in the army, he thought with horror - what would happen to the estate? “My joy, will someone get you?”
Of course, the house and church, designed in the same style, are typical of the era of Moscow early classicism. All the shapes and details of the house point with certainty and certainty to the compiler of the project, as the author, to Matvey Kazakov, or in any case to one of his best students.
The house is led, as expected, by a beautiful entrance, a round area bordered by trimmed bushes. The inside of the house is full of splendor, a round white hall with moldings and window strips. Stars strew the turquoise background between these strips, and in the latter there are palmette moldings.
In the middle room, the ceiling is decorated with paintings: an ornament of small pink and red roses. Vases are written in the corners; Remnants of a frieze are also noticeable, also with ornaments of some colors. In the arches of the doors and windows there are caissons with rosettes.
The doors in the living room are especially beautiful: wooden decorations on a light background with a lovely pattern. Cabinet. Beautiful doors, white with green decorations. Eagles are in the upper squares, and armatures are in the oblong ones. The whole room is light green. The ceiling is decorated with paintings in one tone (sepia color), depicting the armor of knights arranged in the form of an ornament. This entire room, as well as the living room, is covered with adhesive paint on plaster. In the office there are antique painted selections of curtains.
Appearance churches with columns and wooden white decorations. Inside it has an interesting dome-shaped ceiling: white star moldings on a blue background. The dome is supported by columns.
A park with linden alleys in the shape of a cross, a grotto made of wild stones. Although the park is small, it is designed with great taste.
