In which city is Peter's Castle located? Petrovsky Travel Palace of the Cossack architect
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Petrovsky Travel Palace, Moscow
Chronicle of a Russian estate
Petrovsky Palace was built by order of Catherine II by architect Matvey Kazakov in 1776-1780. Construction was started in honor of the successful completion of the Russian-Turkish War of 1768-1774. The palace was intended as a residence for noble persons to relax after a long journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Hence its name - “travel”.
Here in the palace Napoleon's headquarters were based for several days, from here he watched the city that he never got to burn burn. Napoleon's hair was burned here, and M.Yu. Lermontov gained weight during his two days in the palace. Under Nicholas I, the palace was restored. In 1896, during the coronation of Emperor Nicholas II, there was a strong stampede on Khodynskoye Field, located opposite the palace, many people died. After 1917, the palace housed a dormitory, and in 1920 it was transferred to the N.E. Air Force Engineering Academy. Zhukovsky. Since 1997, the building has been under the jurisdiction of the Moscow city administration. In 1999, the historical and architectural monument was returned to the city. A full-scale “Luzhkov” restoration began at the Palace, which lasted ten years. Now the palace is open for receptions, expensive weddings and rare excursions... / Photo date: 2015, April 19.
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Petrovsky Park was laid out under Nicholas I around the Travel Palace; it quickly became a favorite walking place for the Moscow nobility and creative intelligentsia. The park was called Moscow Versailles. Part of the park located behind the palace has survived to this day.
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Monument to Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky in Petrovsky Park (sculptor G.V. Neroda, architect I.A. French). In 1920, the building was transferred to the Air Force Engineering Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky. Also in the palace part of the park there is a second monument - K.E. Tsiolkovsky (sculptor S.D. Merkurov, architect I.A. French).
This magnificent palace, which is undoubtedly a decoration of the capital, was built in 1776-1780 by order of Catherine II by the architect Matvey Kazakov. Construction was started in honor of the successful completion of the Russian-Turkish War of 1768-1774. The Palace is located on Leningradsky Prospekt, which was previously called the Tverskoy Trakt.
4.
The building was quite strange and unusual when it was built. The eclectic decor is made using different styles of architecture. Pointed arches and the windows are reminiscent of Gothic, Baroque elements can be seen in the stars on the towers, and the barrel-shaped columns belong to the Old Russian style. There is also a classic, clearly defined composition.
The main trade road to Tver passed here, Velikiy Novgorod and Pskov. Vacant lands near the village of Petrovskoye, which at that time belonged to the Vysokopetrovsky monastery, which was first mentioned in chronicles in 1492, were allocated for construction.
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The building with Tuscan towers resembles a reliable fortress, and on the other hand it is an exquisite aristocratic villa.
During troubled times, the troops of Vasily Shuisky were here, marching towards False Dmitry II, who at that time was hiding in Tushino. When Shuisky's troops retreated, the impostor occupied the village, but not for long. According to one legend, when fleeing the village, False Dmitry II buried his treasures here.
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The inventory of 1699 indicates that in the village of Petrovskoye there was a garden: “in case of the arrival of monastic officials... And in that garden there are mansions on a stone foundation, in them there are two light rooms with Galan tiled stoves, between them there is a canopy, and at the top there is an attic.” At this time, thanks to the Zykov boyars who served under Peter I, the village acquired a second name, Petrovskoye-Zykovo.
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The building is decorated with many white stone details - lace trim, romantic arches with weights, belts, columns similar in shape to barrels. According to the inventory of the palace in 1779: “on all sides of the building on the walls... and dormer windows there are sculptural decorations of pyramids, balls and other pieces of various ranks, large and small, one thousand seventy-six. On two small towers on the domes... one star and an English one each tin... and the circle of these and the entire body of stone pyramids, large and small, are twenty-seven round pieces.”
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Arch with weight.
Initially, Catherine II ordered the famous architect Vasily Bazhenov to build a theater city - a wooden imitation of Turkish fortresses conquered by a Russian soldier. The architect built a palace with minarets and towers - “in the Turkish style with various extravagances.” The Empress liked the ensemble so much that she ordered the construction of a stone traveling palace in the same forms. In 1775, not Bazhenov, but Matvey Kazakov, began construction.
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Gate between the front and utility courtyards.
The palace was intended as a residence for noble persons to relax after a long journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Hence its name - “travel”. All royal persons came to the royal wedding in Moscow, to the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin. Although the center of power was at that time in St. Petersburg, none of the rulers decided to change the order established by Ivan the Terrible.
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Rare excursions to the Petrovsky Palace must be booked in advance.
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The royals spent 2-3 days in the Petrovsky Palace while preparing for the ceremony. Catherine II, Paul I, Nicholas II stayed here. Busts of emperors and prominent figures are installed on the ground floor of the palace.
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While watching the Moscow fire from a window, Napoleon's hair was burned.
The events of 1812 are described in the poem “Eugene Onegin” by A.S. Pushkin:
Here, surrounded by his own oak grove,
Petrovsky Castle. He's gloomy
He is proud of his recent glory.
Napoleon waited in vain
Intoxicated with the last happiness,
Moscow kneeling
With the keys of the old Kremlin:
No, my Moscow did not go
To him with a guilty head.
Not a holiday, not a receiving gift,
She was preparing a fire
To the impatient hero.
From now on, immersed in thought,
He looked at the menacing flame.
13.
The royal cortege covered the distance from St. Petersburg to Moscow in two to three weeks. The royals spent 2-3 days in the Petrovsky Palace while preparing for the ceremony.
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"Fire in Moscow." A painting by an unknown artist of the 19th century, and to the left of the “fire” is a painting by V. Vereshchagin - “Napoleon Waiting for Peace.”
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Corridor with busts of Russian emperors.
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Main staircase.
After the terrible fire of 1812 in Moscow, Napoleon was forced to retreat north. His headquarters was based in the Petrovsky Travel Palace for several days. While within the walls of the palace, Napoleon watched the city, which he never got, burn. After the French retreated from Moscow, the palace was ravaged and destroyed, only the walls remained.
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Ascent to the second floor, the third floor is closed to visitors.
The restoration of the palace was entrusted to Auguste Montferrand, the author of St. Isaac's Cathedral in the northern capital. The remodeling of the interiors was entrusted to the architect Ivan Tamansky, who everywhere used the pretentious Empire style that was fashionable at that time. And artists from the Artari family painted the dome of the central hall using the fashionable grisaille technique.
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By Grand staircase Catherine II and other representatives of the Romanov family rose.
In 1827, Nicholas I approved a plan for developing a park around the palace according to the plan of Adam Menelas, a well-known park designer in Russia at that time. At some distance from the palace, curved English paths were laid, ponds were dug and baths were organized. In 1928, construction of the Dynamo stadium began, and most of Peter's Park was destroyed.
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In the travel palace, in the apartment of a friend D. Rosen (his family occupied a government apartment in the palace), M.Yu. stayed. Lermontov. He wrote: “I was received here by society very well, as usual, and I was having quite a lot of fun... The air here made me gain weight in two days.”
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Cavalier Hall.
The restoration work took 10 years and was carried out by the best architects of the Kazakov school. The reconstruction was carried out by architects N.A. Shokhin and A.A. Martynov. In 1837 the building came back to life.
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View from the cavalier's hall towards the reception area.
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While fully preserving its historical appearance, the palace was re-equipped taking into account all modern trends. Now the Petrovsky Travel Palace, as in previous times, has opened its doors to guests of the highest level.
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On the ceiling of the round hall, grisaille is a wonderful imitation of volume on a plane.
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Grisaille is a one-color painting, a transitional link between drawing and painting.
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Stucco molding on the vaults of the Round Hall.
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Palace living room.
At the beginning of 1835, in the park designed by architect M.D. Bykovsky built a wooden theater in the neoclassical style. And two years later, the entertainment establishment “voxal” was built, in which Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein made his debut.
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Palace living room.
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In the round hall.
Opposite the palace on Khodynskoe Field, military exercises and parades were regularly held.
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Today, the unique interiors of the central building have been preserved in their original form. The artificial marble of the door and window slopes has been restored, but it all looks like a remake.
32.
In 1896, during the coronation of Emperor Nicholas II, there was a strong stampede on Khodynskoye Field, located opposite the palace. 1300 people died. That day, Nicholas II received deputations from peasants and Warsaw nobles in the palace, and together with the Empress attended a dinner for the Moscow nobility and volost elders.
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In 1914, the palace was converted into a military hospital. And after nationalization in 1918, the building first came under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture and the People's Commissariat of Education, then the People's Commissariat of Property was located here, and then again the People's Commissariat of Education. Subsequently, the former palace became the property of the Kremlin and Houses Administration of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
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Four halls adjoin the Round Hall.
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In our time, the painting of the Round Hall of the palace has been restored, the ceiling of which is a dome rising 16 meters above the floor.
In 1920, the building was transferred to the Air Force Engineering Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky. The first cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin is a graduate of the academy.
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Reception of the Travel Palace.
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Various events are currently being held at the Petrovsky Travel Palace: press conferences, exhibitions. Behind the historical walls there is ultra-modern equipment: fully equipped conference rooms, rooms for the press center.
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In the summer of 1858, at the dacha of D.P. Naryshkin lived Dumas the father, who visited not only Peter’s Castle, but also Borodino Field and mourned Bonaparte’s “great mistake.”
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The palace is located in the Airport district of Moscow (the nearest metro station is Dynamo). Behind the palace is the preserved part of Petrovsky Park, laid out at the beginning of the 19th century.
Since 1997, the palace has been under the jurisdiction of the Moscow city administration.
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The barrel-shaped columns of the palace refer us to the Old Russian style.
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And here comes Napoleon... he is upset.
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The first Moscow tram line ran from Strastnaya Square to Petrovsky Park.
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View of the palace from the economic part.
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The Church of the Annunciation is located in Petrovsky Park Holy Mother of God and the Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia. The architecture of the Church of the Annunciation is one of the earliest examples of the use of forms of ancient Russian architecture.
Local dacha owner Anna Dmitrievna Naryshkina (the alley is named after her) founded the Annunciation Church here in the first half of the 19th century. Here, at the dacha in Petrovsky Park, her thirteen-year-old granddaughter Anna Bulgari died, and before that she buried her only daughter, Countess Maria Bulgari. The woman, in grief, vowed to build a church at the site of the girl’s death. The location for the temple was very suitable for its potential parishioners. Even earlier, the caretaker of the Petrovsky Palace reported that local summer residents would like to have their own parish church here.
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The Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Petrovsky Park (2 Krasnoarmeyskaya Street) was built in 1844 -1847 at the expense of one of the first homeowners A.D. Naryshkina, designed by architect F.F., close to the royal family. Richter. The temple had memorial significance and was built in memory of the deceased Anna Bulgari, the fourteen-year-old granddaughter of A.D. Naryshkina. Therefore, one of the chapels was consecrated in honor of Simeon and Anna, the other chapel of Xenophon and Mary.
The park's lands began to be distributed for dachas in 1836. It was allowed to build houses only of “good architecture”; the facades of dachas were approved by a special commission. Belinsky wrote about the park: “What a charming walk this Petrovsky Park is! There is no better festivities either in Moscow or in its environs!” Here were the dachas of Apraksin, Golitsyn, and Princess Volkonskaya. Let's take a walk and see what remains next to the Petrovsky Palace!
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Next to the temple is the former villa of N.P. Ryabushinsky "Black Swan", built by architect V.D. Adamovich and V.M. Mayatom in 1907-1910 in the neoclassical style.
Legends were made about revelries and orgies at Ryabushinsky’s villa in Moscow... But the owner, who loved to shock society, was haunted by misfortunes. In 1911, due to financial problems, Ryabushinsky had to sell most their art collections. In 1912, a terrible fire broke out at the villa and many works were lost in the fire. Having restored the villa, Ryabushinsky lost it in one night at cards to the industrialist Leon Mantashev, who immediately decorated the “Black Swan” with his initials. Soon the revolutionary year of 1917 came, and then the Bolshevik Cheka settled in the Black Swan villa.
On September 5, 1918, a demonstrative execution of 80 “hostages” from among the “representatives of the old regime” - former ministers, senior officials, and clergy - was carried out in Petrovsky Park.
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At 1 Krasnoarmeyskaya Street there was a restaurant named A.I. Skalkin "Eldorado", built in 1908-1909 by architect N.D. Polikarpov according to the project of L.N. Kekushev in Art Nouveau style.
Mr. Skalkin himself sang in restaurants, then assembled his own choir, worked for many years with his artists in the Golden Anchor restaurant, and in 1899 acquired his own restaurant, Eldorado, in Petrovsky Park.
It was a small wooden house, but furnished with a certain amount of grace. The gypsy Varya Panina, a famous singer, performed at Skalkin’s. People came here to watch the fiery dances of Sasha Artamonova. Already in 1908, Skalkin was rebuilding a new building, according to the project that N.D. worked on. Polikarpov and L.N. Kekushev. Kekushev designed all the metal “decorations”: flag holders, floor lamps, fencing.
Several years ago, the House of Officers was evicted, and the building was put under major renovation. Now the metallurgical company Mechel has settled in the building, and the building was renovated with its funds.
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Restaurant "Eldorado". All metal decorations were designed by Kekushev.
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The former Apollo restaurant is now a museum.
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55.
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Petrovsky Palace on the Petersburg Road, near Moscow. Private collection of S. Picinelli.
Old photos
60.
Photo 1870-1880 /
Tourists, and many Muscovites walking near the Petrovsky Palace in Moscow, do not imagine that this is not just a beautiful palace and luxury hotel. This architectural monument Russian glory, directly connected by invisible threads of fate with the main pride of Russians both in 1774 and in 2014. But first things first.
Triumph of the Empress
1774, July 10 - the day of the victory of the Russian Empire over Turkey. It was on this day that the long and bloody Russian-Turkish war ended, and peace was concluded between the countries, which opened Russia's access to the Black and Mediterranean Seas and put an end to the khans' raids on the outlying lands. Truly a great achievement. It is not surprising that the empress and her subjects rejoiced. And so the Empress decided to build the Petrovsky Travel Palace on this site, in which she could relax on the way from Moscow to St. Petersburg. This beautiful travel castle was supposed to perpetuate all the greatness of the victory. And the multiple towers surrounding the central building were reminiscent of the architecture of Russian Orthodox churches. There should have been some oriental motifs in the palace, reminiscent of the victory of Christians over the Ottomans. Architect Matvey Kazakov and a huge number of craftsmen did their job brilliantly.
Petrovsky Travel Palace now
The Petrovsky Travel Palace is located in the Dynamo metro area on Leningradsky Prospekt. The castle is restored and well maintained. The Moscow government uses it to hold special events and receptions.
But not only officials can visit this beautiful palace. The most ordinary tourists can go there on excursions if they wish. True, when purchasing tickets there in advance, people may hear that sometimes the excursion is postponed to another day due to the reception of dignitaries. This does not scare away the guests of the capital at all; on the contrary, they are even more curious to visit where such important people visit.
It turns out that the Petrovsky Travel Palace allows you to get in touch not only with the past, but also with modern history happening right before our eyes. It’s an amazing feeling when you walk through the luxurious halls and realize that just yesterday there was an honorary delegation here, and events took place that in the future will go down in the history of Russia.
Make way for the young
Not so long ago, the capital’s authorities decided to give a gift to future newlyweds, and now weddings take place several days a month in the Petrovsky Travel Palace. Despite all its antiquity, the castle was restored using ultra-modern technologies. Modern materials are used, the smart home system works, there is underground parking and excellent sound insulation. An amazing interweaving of achievements of the past and present!
The “heart” of the palace is the central hall. Entering it, you are breathtaking from the beauty, abundance of light and space. It is surprising that there are no windows in the room, except for a few small ones located under the dome itself, which has been restored to its original form. Looking at the dome, one gets the impression that this beauty is stucco. In fact, this is painting using a special technique that gives the illusion of volume, although the drawing is completely flat...
Many people have seen the walls of the Petrovsky Palace: curious tourists, happy newlyweds, skilled craftsmen, powerful of the world this, ambassadors, court ladies, brave generals, kings and queens. These walls also saw the foreign conqueror Napoleon, who from the windows of this palace in 1812 looked at the burning capital and waited in vain for “Moscow on its knees with the keys of the old Kremlin.” Soon the conqueror fled from unconquered Russia, saving his life. And the silent witness, the Petrovsky Travel Palace, again and again reminds new generations of hundreds of thousands of brave warriors who abundantly watered the dry Crimean land with their hot blood.
Video about Petrovsky Travel Palace
Address: Moscow, Leningradsky Prospekt, 40, nearest metro station “Dynamo”.
Excursion ticket cost:
- 400 rub. - full;
- 200 rub. – preferential.
You can purchase a ticket and find out the date and time of the excursion on the website http://www.mosmuseum.ru.
More detailed information on the official website of the palace http://www.ppd.mos.ru.
The Imperial Travel Palace in Tver was built in the second half of the 18th century, according to the design of the architect Pyotr Romanovich Nikitin. A luxurious mansion was erected on a square in central region cities. Now this is Sovetskaya Street, where it goes to the Starovolzhsky Bridge. This location was not chosen by chance, because at that time the St. Petersburg highway passed through Tver, connecting northern capital with Moscow. High government officials and Empress Catherine II herself used the road as part of their duties. That is why it was decided to build a small palace here, where you can comfortably relax and spend the night after a long journey. Hence the name of the palace - wayside.
The Tver Imperial Palace is a real pearl of the city, with a rich construction history.
The building was repeatedly rebuilt and reconstructed by various architects, thanks to which it absorbed elements of several architectural styles, including classicism and baroque.
The main building of the palace is two-story and faces the bank of the Volga River. It is adjacent to the entrance courtyard and two extended outbuildings are attached. The palace contained a reception hall, imperial chambers, a church and a library. There were also stables and a carriage house on the premises.
The interior decoration of the palace turned out to be especially luxurious - glass and porcelain, paintings and sculptures made by the hands of great masters, expensive furniture, marble columns, huge fireplaces and other interior details.
Today, the Traveling Palace is considered not only an object of historical and cultural heritage, but also one of the oldest buildings in Tver, which attracts the attention of archaeologists from all over Russia. For the city itself, the palace became a kind of calling card.
IN Russian Empire 14 travel palaces were built. But only 9 of them have survived to this day. All of them are protected as historical and architectural monuments.
Opening hours of the Imperial Travel Palace in Tver in 2019
Having opened its doors after a long restoration, Imperial Palace available for tours from Wednesday to Sunday.
Opening hours: from 11:00 to 18:00. The ticket office closes an hour earlier.
Cost of a ticket to the Tver Travel Palace in 2019
Prices for independent visits:
- Adult ticket - 250 rubles;
- Discount ticket (students and schoolchildren over 16 years old, pensioners) - 100 rubles;
- Children under 16 years old have free admission.
Prices included in the excursion: from 500 rubles for children and from 1000 rubles for adults.
Story
In the 17th century, a bishop's house stood on this site. Unfortunately, the house was destroyed by a great fire in 1763, which engulfed most of Tver. The building was planned to be reconstructed, but ultimately a decision was made to demolish it. After which the construction of a travel palace for members of the imperial family and representatives of the aristocracy began.
Over its long history, the palace changed owners several times, and several large-scale reconstructions were carried out: in 1809-1811, in 1864-1871. and in 1944-1948.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the palace chambers were chosen by the Governor-General of the Tver Region, Prince Georg of Oldenburg, and his wife Princess Ekaterina Pavlovna. At the will of the new owners, the palace was rebuilt by the architect K. I. Rossi. Soon the palace became one of the centers of attraction for the Tver nobility. People started coming to the palace famous personalities from Moscow and St. Petersburg. Among them were Emperor Alexander, poets Zhukovsky and Glinka, historian Nikolai Karamzin.
In 1864, another reconstruction was carried out, this time by A. I. Rezanov. The palace was supplemented with new elements in the “old style”. First of all, we took on the side pavilions, generously decorating them with rich stucco. It is worth noting that the changes were carried out so elegantly that a person far from architectural nuances would not notice the difference between the modifications and the original building.
At the end of the 19th century, part of the building was given over to the exhibition hall of the city museum.
In the first half of the 20th century, difficult times began for the travel palace in Tver. During the revolution, the building was occupied by the Bolsheviks, placing a council of workers and peasants in it. Everything would be fine, but in 1935, new guests completely destroyed the dominant feature of the entire palace complex - the Transfiguration Cathedral.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the building suffered significant damage. But already in 1946, renovation of the external facades began.
Full restoration began only in 2012.
On November 30, 2017, the Imperial Travel Palace in Tver was completely restored and opened to visitors.
Today, the restored building houses the exhibition of the Tver Art Gallery. The collection includes objects of European painting of the 17th - 18th centuries, unique frescoes of the 15th - 16th centuries, ancient icons and many other objects of art. The oldest painting is about 600 years old. In addition, there is a museum of architecture and literature.
How to get to the travel palace in Tver
You can visit the exhibition individually or with excursions to the Imperial Palace in Tver, through the art gallery located inside.
Stop closest to the attraction public transport— “Khimik Stadium”, can be reached by buses No. 20, 21, 154, minibus taxis № 9, 211.
You can get to the Imperial Travel Palace by calling a taxi using one of the applications - Yandex. Taxi, Gett, Maxim.
Imperial Travel Palace: Google panorama
Imperial Travel Palace: video
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Who among us does not remember these lines of the great poet, praising the Petrovsky Travel Palace:
Here, surrounded by his own oak grove,
Petrovsky Castle. He's gloomy
He is proud of his recent glory.
Napoleon waited in vain
Intoxicated with the last happiness,
Moscow kneeling
With the keys of the old Kremlin.No, my Moscow did not go
To him with a guilty head.
Not a holiday, not a receiving gift,
She was preparing a fire
To the impatient hero.
From now on, immersed in thought,
He looked at the menacing flame.— A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”
It was here in 1812 that Napoleon stayed for several days, observing a terrible fire in Moscow. With its outlines, the Petrovsky Palace resembles the Great Tsaritsyn Palace - both were built according to the design of the architect Matvey Kazakov.
* Tour organizer:
Travel palaces were an integral part of the road between St. Petersburg and Moscow. The reigning persons and members of the imperial family stopped here to rest. In total, 11 track palaces were placed on the road, on average every 65 kilometers, a day of travel. The duration of the journey was determined by the degree of nobility: the higher-ranking the person, the slower the procession moved. The imperial train usually traveled from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 2-3 weeks.
The first travel palaces appeared under Peter I. At that time, the Yamsk camps that existed in Russia since the 13th century, converted into postal stations in the 19th century, were used for them. These were small structures where coachmen could rest and change horses in order to move on.
In Catherine's era, travel palaces were, as a rule, small houses, wooden or stone. Usually they were modestly decorated, but, nevertheless, they became centers of urban development. They often housed a hotel and a post office, and only during the passage of the reigning persons did they perform their direct functions.
Travel writing bureau, travel clocks and guidebooks. Exposition of the Petrovsky Travel Palace Museum
Travel kits for games. Exposition of the Petrovsky Travel Palace Museum
Many travel palaces have survived to this day. In most cases, these are very modest buildings, but there are also luxurious ones, for example, in. Petrovsky Travel Palace was the last one at the entrance to Moscow and therefore it was distinguished by special splendor.
Construction of the Petrovsky Travel Palace
In July 1774, Moscow celebrated on a large scale Kuchuk-Kainardzhi world, which put an end to the war of 1768-1774 between Russian and Ottoman Empires. In honor of this event, it was decided to stage a grand performance at Khodynka field, which would demonstrate Russia's new status as a great power.
In a letter to her long-time correspondent, Baron Friedrich Melchior Grimm (1723-1807), Catherine the Great personally sketched out the holiday scenario:
One fine morning I called my architect Bazhenov to me and told him: “My friend, three miles from the city there is a meadow.” Imagine that this meadow is the Black Sea, that there are two ways to reach it from the city; well, one of these paths will be the Don, and the other will be the Dnieper; at the mouth of the first you will build a dining hall and call it Azov; at the mouth of the other you will build a theater and call it Kinburn. You will outline with sand Crimean peninsula, there you will put Kerch and Yenikale, two ballrooms; to the left of the Don you will place a buffet with wine and meat for the people, opposite the Crimea you will light illuminations to represent the joy of the two empires at the conclusion of peace.
Beyond the Danube you will arrange fireworks, and on the land that is supposed to represent the Black Sea you will place illuminated boats and vessels; You will decorate the banks of the rivers into which the roads face with landscapes, mills, trees, illuminated houses, and now you will have a holiday without fiction, but beautiful, and especially natural...
... I forgot to tell you that to the right of the Don there will be a fair, christened with the name of Taganrog. It is true that the sea on solid land does not quite make sense, but forgive this shortcoming.
According to the project Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov and his student Matvey Fedorovich Kazakov pavilions were erected on Khodynskoye Field, stylized “to resemble the East,” but with elements of the Russian style of the 17th century.
Instructions of the architect V.I. Bazhenov architect Kazakov M.F. on the conduct of construction work, given on the occasion of Bazhenov’s departure to St. Petersburg. November 20, 1773
The Empress liked the buildings so much that at the end of the celebrations, she ordered Bazhenov to begin construction of the palace complex in Tsaritsyno, and Kazakov - to build a Travel Palace nearby, on the road from Moscow to St. Petersburg. Later Kazakov will be entrusted with construction Great Tsaritsyn Palace on the site of Bazhenov’s creation, rejected by Catherine. This is precisely what explains the stylistic similarity between the Petrovsky Travel Palace and Tsaritsyno.
The facade of the northern side of the main building of the palace, which is being built in the village of Tsaritsyno near Moscow. Sheet from the Album of government buildings No. 7 by Kazakova M.F., early 1800s (original version, unrealized)
Lavrov I.A. Facade of the Tsaritsyn Palace. Sheet from the Album of government buildings No. 7 Kazakova M.F. Early 1800s. As-built drawing (implemented)
Empty lands that belonged to the Moscow Vysokopetrovsky Monastery were allocated for the travel palace. Construction began in 1776 and was finally completed only in 1796.
Petrovsky Travel Palace combines elements of different styles. Here we will see both a classic symmetrical composition and Gothic elements - lancet windows and bars on them, window decorations in the Baroque style, barrel-shaped columns inherent in the Old Russian style, white and red decor of the Naryshkin Baroque. The interiors were designed in Baroque style.
Tower with dovetails reminiscent of the Kremlin
Pointed arch leading to the backyard
Right wing from the courtyard
Porch with elements of Russian architecture of the 17th century
Plan of the lower floor of the main building of the Petrovsky Travel Palace. Sheet from Album of government buildings No. 3 Kazakova M.F., 1799
Catherine II visited the Petrovsky Travel Palace only once - in 1787, when its construction was not yet completed. They say that the empress sent away her retinue and guards, wishing to remain under the protection of her people; this almost led to a stampede.
In 1797, Emperor Paul stopped at the Petrovsky Travel Palace before entering Moscow for his coronation. Not getting along with his mother during her life and trying to change everything after her death, he ordered the red walls of the palace to be painted white. However, he did not remain snow-white for long.
From that time on, the Petrovsky Travel Palace became the place of obligatory stay of the royal persons before the ceremonial entry into Moscow for the crowning ceremony in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.
1812 and restoration of the palace
On September 3, 1812, Napoleon transferred his headquarters from the Moscow Kremlin to the Petrovsky Travel Palace. Here he spent four days, looking at the grandiose Moscow fire. Despite the distance from the city, the heat was so intense that it was impossible to approach the windows; the hair of the French emperor was even singed.
V.Vereshchagin. Napoleon waiting for Peace. 1911
When leaving, the French destroyed the palace. Matvey Kazakov, whom his relatives took to Moscow after learning about the Moscow fire and the death of his creations in the fire, soon died.
Petrovsky Palace stood empty for almost 15 years. Restoration work there began only in 1827, during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I. The management of the work was entrusted to Auguste Montferrand, later architects N.A. Shokhin and A.A. Martynov joined the work. Architect Ivan Tamansky redid the interiors in the Empire style, leaving only The main staircase u.
Baroque style main staircase
The dome over the palace was recreated with some changes. Its vault was painted by a Swiss decorative artist and sculptor Giuseppe Angiolo Artari(1792-1863) in technology grisaille, simulating volume. Restoration work was completed only in 1837.
The technique of monochrome grisaille painting creates the illusion of volume
It was decided to use the devastated area around the palace for dachas, theaters and other entertainment. According to Nicholas I, this could help quickly put the area in order (here the emperor took advantage of the successful experience of Peter the Great, who built St. Petersburg in this way). Standard house designs were approved, and several thousand rubles were allocated from the treasury to summer residents for construction.
Unfortunately, a significant part of Petrovsky Park was destroyed in 1928 during the construction of the Dynamo stadium. However, some ancient buildings have survived to this day.
Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Petrovsky Park, built in 1844-1847 according to the design of the architect F. Richter with funds and on the initiative of A.D. Naryshkina
The surroundings of the Petrovsky Travel Palace soon became a favorite vacation spot for the Moscow nobility and intelligentsia. The public spent their leisure time more simply in Maryina Roshcha.
Tragedy on Khodynka Field
Opposite the Petrovsky Travel Palace is the Khodynskoye Field. At that time, military reviews and parades were regularly held there. On May 18 (30), 1896, on Khodynka, during celebrations in honor of the coronation of Emperor Nicholas II, a mass stampede occurred, in which 1,379 people died and more than 900 were injured. Many considered this tragic event as a bad omen for the new reign.
Famous Moscow writer and journalist Vladimir Gilyarovsky was a direct participant in those events and miraculously survived. He wrote:
In the afternoon I examined Khodynka, where a national holiday was being prepared. The field is built up. Everywhere there are stages for singer-songwriters and orchestras, pillars with hanging prizes, ranging from a pair of boots to a samovar, a number of barracks with barrels for beer and honey for free treats, carousels, a hastily built huge plank theater and, finally, the main temptation - hundreds of fresh wooden booths , scattered in lines and corners, from where bundles of sausage, gingerbread, nuts, meat and game pies, and coronation mugs were supposed to be distributed.
Pretty enamel mugs, white with gold and a coat of arms, multi-colored painted mugs were on display in many stores. And everyone went to Khodynka not so much for the holiday, but to get such a mug. Stone royal pavilion, the only building remaining from the industrial exhibition that used to be on this site, decorated with fabrics and flags, dominated the area. Next to it, a deep moat gaped like a not at all festive yellow spot - the site of previous exhibitions. The ditch is thirty fathoms wide, with steep banks, a steep wall, some made of clay, some sandy, with a dug-out, uneven bottom, from which sand and clay were taken for a long time for the needs of the capital. The length of this ditch in the direction of the Vagankovskoye cemetery stretched for a hundred fathoms. Pits, holes and holes, in some places overgrown with grass, in others with bare mounds remaining. And to the right of the camp, above the steep bank of the ditch, almost next to its edge, rows of booths with gifts sparkled temptingly in the sun.
Bonfires burned in the ditch, surrounded by festive people.
- We’ll sit until the morning, and then we’ll go straight to the booths, here they are, next to each other! ...... Suddenly it started buzzing. First in the distance, and then around me. All at once... Squeals, screams, moans. And everyone who was lying and sitting peacefully on the ground jumped to their feet in fear and rushed to the opposite edge of the ditch, where there were white booths above the cliff, the roofs of which I could only see behind the flickering heads. I didn’t rush after the people, I resisted and walked away from the booths, towards the side of the races, towards the crazy crowd that rushed after those who had rushed from their seats in pursuit of the mugs. The crush, the crush, the howling. It was almost impossible to hold out against the crowd. And there ahead, near the booths, on the other side of the ditch, a howl of horror: those who were the first to rush to the booths were pressed against the clay vertical wall of the cliff, taller than a man’s height. They pressed, and the crowd behind filled the ditch more and more densely, which formed a continuous, compressed mass of howling people. Here and there children were pushed up, and they crawled over the heads and shoulders of the people into the open space. The rest were motionless: they all swayed together, there were no individual movements. Someone will suddenly be lifted up by a crowd, his shoulders are visible - that means his legs are suspended, they don’t feel the ground...
Here it is, inevitable death! And what!
Emperor Nicholas II was informed about what had happened. Having received this news, he nevertheless decided not to cancel further festive events. Most of the dead were buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery, where a monument was later erected over the mass grave. The imperial family donated 90 thousand rubles to the victims and sent a thousand bottles of Madeira to hospitals.
Petrovsky Travel Palace in the 20th century and today
In 1914, a military hospital was located in the palace. In 1918, Petrovsky Castle was nationalized. Although the building formally belonged to several People's Commissariats, over the course of several years it was significantly destroyed: decoration and interior items were lost, the parquet floor was used for firewood.
In 1920, the Petrovsky Travel Palace was transferred Air Force Engineering Academy named after. N.E. Zhukovsky"for disposal." This decision was dictated by the fact that back in 1910 an airfield was built on the Khodynskoye field, which later received the name Central airfield named after. Frunze, which existed until 2003.
The military was able to preserve the historical building, although they greatly altered it. During the Great Patriotic War, the palace housed Long Range Aviation Headquarters, from 1944 to 1946 - headquarters of the 18th Air Army. Then the walls former palace again occupied by the Academy. Many Heroes came from its walls Soviet Union, pilots and astronauts. Among the famous graduates were Marshal of Aviation, three-time (!) Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Nikitich Kozhedub, USSR pilot-cosmonauts of the first cosmonaut corps Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, German Stepanovich Titov, Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova, Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov, Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov and many others.
Stand dedicated to the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy
Bust of K. E. Tsiolkovsky near the Petrovsky Travel Palace. Sculptor S.D. Merkurov, architect I.A. French. Opened September 17, 1957
Bust of N.E. Zhukovsky near the Petrovsky Travel Palace. Sculptor G.V. Neroda, architect I.A. French. Opened in autumn 1959
In 1997, the Petrovsky Travel Palace was transferred to the administration of the Moscow government. In 1998, restoration work began on it. Unfortunately, during the years of Soviet power, many premises were changed, interiors were destroyed, and all pieces of furniture were lost. A gym was built in the Round Hall, which is 16 meters high.
The restorers had to work from existing old drawings and photographs, but they recreated a lot according to their own taste and vision. Therefore, in general, the premises now evoke a feeling of some remodeling and emptiness.
Enfilade of halls on the first floor with museum exhibitions
Reception on the second floor
Palace living room
Mirrors opposite each other visually increase the space of small rooms
On March 5, 2009, the opening of the recreated Petrovsky Travel Palace took place. Now they are located here Moscow Government Reception House And hotel, especially for which a new building was added, covering the façade of the palace from the side of Petrovsky Park. Presidential rooms are located directly in the building of the Petrovsky Palace. The Petrovsky Palace also houses the Karamzin restaurant.
The towers near the new hotel building were built in the neo-Gothic style and do not stand out from the general style of the Petrovsky Palace
Visitor information and map
You can get to the palace on a tour conducted by the Moscow City Museum on days free from official events. There are musical concerts in the Round Hall. In addition, photo sessions, including wedding ones, are held at the Petrovsky Palace.
- Address: Moscow, Leningradsky Prospekt, 40
- Metro station: Dynamo
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The palace ensemble is the first independent work of Matvey Kazakov. The architect, who later rebuilt the center of Moscow in the Palladian style, chose pseudo-Gothic for the palace on the outskirts of the city, combining motifs of Old Russian, Gothic and Oriental architecture. Located majestic building with lancet windows on the grounds of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. For this reason the palace began to be called Petrovsky. The second name - Putevoy - is explained by its purpose: for recreation on the way from St. Petersburg to Moscow. The road is not close - 700 kilometers.
The prototype of the building was a temporary city-theater in the Turkish style, built by Vasily Bazhenov on the Khodynskoye field for celebrations on the occasion of the signing of the Kuchuk-Kaynajir Peace Treaty. The Empress liked the work and wanted a similar palace. According to the architect's idea, the central dome symbolized Orthodox church, towering above the minaret towers built into the side wings. The wealth and grandeur of the Russian Empire was emphasized by numerous stucco decorations, and a landscape park with grottoes and gazebos added coziness to the residence.
Catherine II stayed in the patterned castle only once, in 1787. 10 years later, Paul I visited the travel residence before his coronation, and subsequently Nicholas II.
In 1812, the imperial castle temporarily became Napoleon's headquarters. Bonaparte left the Kremlin engulfed in fire and watched from the window of the palace as Moscow burned.
Here, surrounded by his own oak grove,
Petrovsky Castle. He's gloomy
He is proud of his recent glory.
Napoleon waited in vain
Intoxicated with the last happiness,
Moscow kneeling
With the keys of the old Kremlin:
No, my Moscow did not go
To him with a guilty head.
Not a holiday, not a receiving gift,
She was preparing a fire
To the impatient hero.
From now on, immersed in thought,
He looked at the menacing flame.
This is how Pushkin described those events in Eugene Onegin. But the French army camp was located here for only four days. That did not stop soldiers and officers from plundering the palace and practically destroying the park. Only the walls survived. After the French fled, a temporary hospital was set up in the side wings.
Restored ensemble
Restoration of the ensemble began only under Nicholas I. The Emperor, having a higher engineering and technical education, personally supervised the work of the architect Auguste Montferrand. In 10 years, the French architect completely recreated the creation of his eminent predecessor. Only the round hall, located under the dome, was turned into a covered gallery. Decorative artist Giuseppe Angiolo Artari painted the spherical vault.
One of the dramatic events in Russian history took place in close proximity to the Travel Palace. In 1896, on the occasion of his coronation, Nicholas II received a delegation from peasants and Warsaw nobles at the palace. And on the Khodynka field temporary theaters were located for distributing “royal gifts”. 400 thousand gifts. Early in the morning on the eve of the festivities, half a million people had already arrived. It all ended in a terrible stampede in which almost 1,400 people died.
After the revolution, the palace was given over to the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy. The new owners carried out a redevelopment, adapting the historical building to their everyday needs: a dining room and library, offices and a motor laboratory. The outbuildings contain housing. During the Great Patriotic War, the palace housed the headquarters of long-range aviation.
Petrovsky Travel Palace today
After the transfer of the Moscow City Hall, the historical building became the Reception House of the Moscow Government. You can immerse yourself in the atmosphere of the former grandeur of the imperial castle by taking excursions organized by the Moscow City Museum.
