home Visa The meaning of the word calypso in a reference book of characters and cult objects of Greek mythology. The meaning of the word calypso Who is calypso in pirates

The meaning of the word calypso in a reference book of characters and cult objects of Greek mythology. The meaning of the word calypso Who is calypso in pirates

The beautiful and at the same time mysterious image of Calypso has always excited people's imagination. Artists painted her portraits. Poets dedicated odes to her. She often became the main character of works of art. It was named after her legendary ship Cousteau, and an asteroid wandering in infinity. So who is she really? Calypso is...

Mythology

To paraphrase the famous phrase that all roads lead to Rome, we can say that all the answers to important questions are stored in myths Ancient Greece.

So, according to ancient Greek mythology, Calypso is an incomparable nymph. According to one version, she is the daughter of the mighty titan Atlas and his beloved oceanid Pleione, according to another, the daughter of the solar deity Helios and the oceanid Perseid. Literally translated from ancient Greek, her amazing name means “she who hides.” And she really hid it for a long time and jealously. Whom? Calypso is a mysterious character! Let's figure it out together.

Deserted Island

To answer this question, you need to go on a long journey to a beautiful, but lost place in the middle of the endless ocean - Ogygia. This is Calypso Island, a ghost island, the so-called navel of the earth, which lies everywhere and nowhere at the same time.

Beautiful, dense deciduous and coniferous forests grow there: slender cypresses, cedars, the “tree of life” - thuja, as well as poplars and alders. She herself lives in a grotto entwined with vines, at the entrance to which four springs arise, symbolizing the cardinal directions.

The most colorful description of the island can be found in Homer's poem "The Odyssey". But, as scientists suggest, this is not at all mythical place. It existed and exists somewhere to this day. Only some see it as the island of Gozo in the Mediterranean Sea, others - Sazan in the Adriatic. For example, Plutarch suggested that modern Ireland is the prototype of Calypso's homeland.

Odysseus is a reluctant wanderer

The name Calypso is inextricably linked with another character - Odysseus. In the myths and Homer's poem, Odysseus is the king of Ithaca, who, as punishment for his self-confidence, was doomed by the gods to wander for twenty years. He was brave, cunning, dexterous, inventive and daring. These qualities helped him in life, in governing the country, and in numerous battles for Troy. But, as often happens, they also interfered with him and served as the reason for his long wanderings, during which he was the first among people to set foot on earth amazing island and met the goddess Calypso...

Meeting

One day on the way big ship Odyssey there was a strong storm. It was sent by none other than the angry Zeus - the god of the sky, thunder and lightning. He was outraged by the sacrilege of the team of the king of Ithaca, who, maddened by hunger, decided to do something terrible - to sacrifice several cows from Helios's herd on the island. They subsequently thought to make amends by building a temple in Ithaca in honor of Helios, the sun god. But such disobedience is not forgiven by the gods.

After a severe storm, only one person was able to survive: he was caught on a piece of the ship. For nine days he was tossed around the endless sea desert, and on the tenth he washed up on mysterious island. The survivor's name was Odysseus, and his savior was the nymph Calypso.

The daughter of the gods, taking human form, warmly greeted the wanderer. And when she got to know him better, she fell in love with him with all her soul, and offered to stay with her forever and become her husband. Every day she seduced the young man with her beauty, surrounded him with incredible luxury, sang songs in her “ringingly pleasant” voice, and offered the most priceless not only for man, but also for God - immortality and eternal youth. But Odysseus's heart remained deaf to her admonitions, feelings, beauty and amazing nature around. He did not perceive himself as a king and lover of a captivating nymph. He felt like a prisoner. His spirit was tormented and wept, and he sat for a long time on the seashore, yearning for his homeland and his beloved wife Penelope.

Liberation

Seven years have passed. Athena was the first to notice the disappearance of the hero of the Trojan War. She decided to help him and went to Zeus. The latter listened carefully to her request for the release of Odysseus and agreed to help. Hermes volunteered to become the messenger of Zeus' order. He went to the island and conveyed to the nymph the desire of the supreme god. Calypso agreed to let her lover go. No matter how hard it was for her to part with him, it was even more unbearable to see the torment and melancholy of the prisoner.

She helped him build a raft and equipped him with everything he needed: clothes, fresh water, bread and wine. And she sent a tailwind after her.

Thus ends the last adventure of the king of Ithaca before his long-awaited arrival at home. And now you won’t find it difficult to say that Calypso is a nymph who unrequitedly loved Odysseus.

CALYPSO

In Greek mythology, a nymph, the daughter of the titan Atlas and the oceanids Pleione (according to another version, the daughter of Helios and Perseids), owner of the island of Ogygia, in the Far West. Calypso kept Odysseus for seven years, hiding him from the rest of the world, but could not make the hero forget his homeland. On Ogygia, Calypso lives among beautiful nature, in a grotto covered with vines. She is a skilled weaver, and every day Calypso appears at the loom in a transparent silver robe. By order of Zeus, transmitted through Hermes, Calypso is forced to release Odysseus to his homeland; she helps him build a raft and supplies him with everything he needs for the journey. From Odysseus Calypso had sons: Latinus, Nausithos, Navsinoas, Avson (Hom. Od. V 13-269; VII 244 - 266). The name Calypso (“she who hides”) indicates her connection with the world of death. Leaving Calypso, Odysseus thus defeats death and returns to the world of life.

Characters and cult objects of Greek mythology. 2012

Island of Sirens

As soon as the ships approached the land known as the Isle of the Sirens, the sea calmed and the crew took up the oars. This island destroyed many, as the sirens who lived on it lured travelers with their bewitching singing, after which they never returned. On the advice of Circe, Odysseus ordered his comrades to cover their ears with wax and tie himself to the mast in order to be able to pass by danger, but at the same time hear divine singing.

The sirens called to Odysseus with enchanting voices, saying that there was no sailor in the world who would not enjoy the sounds of song flowing from their lips. The sirens continued to broadcast that they knew about the events that took place in Troy, and could foresee everything that would happen in the future on this earth.

Odysseus was enchanted by the singing, he begged his comrades to land on the shore to enjoy the company of the beautiful sirens. But no one could hear their captain, and the rowers only became more tense, trying to get away from the deadly island of the sirens.

Having avoided one danger, the travelers encountered another. Of all Odysseus's adventures, this was one of the most dangerous. It was necessary to navigate the ship through a narrow strait between two monsters called Scylla and Charybdis. If the cautious sailor somehow avoided meeting Charybdis, he still encountered the terrifying Scylla hiding in the cave. She had twelve legs and six heads. Each mouth was lined with three rows of teeth. Hiding in a cave, the monster took a human victim from every passing ship.

Odysseus, warned by Circe, decided not to inform his team about Scylla and go as far away from Charybdis as possible. Thus, their path lay directly under the rock of Scylla. Despite the fact that Odysseus was armed and ready to fight to save the lives of his comrades, the monster Scylla still snatched and killed six sailors.

Bulls of Helios

And so the ship approached the island of Trinacia, which had rich pastures, where Helios kept herds of snow-white bulls. Both Circe and Tiresias warned Odysseus that if he wanted to stay alive and get to Ithaca, he did not need to go to this island or, in any case, not touch the sacred bulls of Helios. The exhausted travelers nevertheless begged Odysseus to stop at the island and spend at least one night on the shore. Odysseus agreed, but under the strictest ban not to touch Helios’ cattle.

However, the raging elements did not allow the sailors to travel further either in a day or even in a week. As long as people had a supply of provisions, they did not touch the bulls of Helios. But when the food ran out, the team, taking advantage of Odysseus’s absence, broke their word. Having caught the fattest animals from the herd, they prepared a meal from them. The unfortunate people believed that if they slaughtered the bulls in honor of the gods, they would not be angry.

Odysseus smelled roasting meat with horror and immediately rushed to the camp. Alas, the job was done, nothing could be changed, all that remained was to rely only on the mercy of the gods. When the meal was over, the wind suddenly died down and the ship could raise sail. But as soon as the sailors set out to sea, the punishing lightning of Zeus suddenly flashed in the skies, dark clouds appeared and a storm arose. The ship was thrown onto the rock with such force that it was smashed into small pieces. Miraculously, only Odysseus survived, clinging to a piece of the mast.

Odysseus and Calypso

For nine days he was carried along the stormy waves, and on the tenth he was washed up on the island of Ogygia. On this remote island lived the beautiful nymph Calypso. Odysseus and Calypso lived together on the island for seven whole years, and perhaps the nymph would have kept him longer, but, goddess Athena, finally had mercy on the hero. She instructed Hermes, the messenger of the gods, to tell the nymph that the time had come to release Odysseus, as he must continue his journey. Having made a reliable raft and stocked up on food and water, Odysseus again set off on a long journey. To speed up Odysseus's return to Ithaca, Calypso summoned a fair wind.

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Calypso Calypso

(Calypso, Καλυψώ). Nymph on the island of Ogygia, to which Odysseus escaped on the wreckage of his ship. She kept Odysseus with her for seven years, wanting to make him her husband and promising him eternal youth. Finally, Zeus sends Hermes to Calypso with orders to release Odysseus.

(Source: " Brief dictionary mythology and antiquities." M. Korsh. St. Petersburg, edition by A. S. Suvorin, 1894.)

CALYPSO

(Καλυφώ), in Greek mythology, a nymph, the daughter of the titan Atlas and the oceanid Pleione (according to another version, the daughter of Helios and Perseids), owner of the island of Ogygia, in the Far West. K. kept her for seven years Odyssey, hiding him from the rest of the world, but could not make the hero forget his homeland. On Ogygia, K. lives among beautiful nature, in a grotto entwined with vines. She is a skilled weaver; every day K. appears at the loom in a transparent silver robe. By order of Zeus, transmitted through Hermes, K. is forced to release Odysseus to his homeland; she helps him build a raft and supplies him with everything he needs for the journey. From Odysseus K. had sons: Latina, Nausithoia, Navsinoya, Avsona(Hom. Od. V 13-269; VII 244-266). K.'s name (“she who hides”) indicates her connection with the world of death. Having left K., Odysseus thus defeats death and returns to the world of life.
Lit.: Güntert N., Kalypso, Halle, 1919.
A.T.-G.

(Source: “Myths of the Peoples of the World.”)

Calypso

1) nymph, daughter of the titan Atlas and the oceanids Pleione, sister of the Pleiades, Geass and Hyades. Belongs to the older generation of titan gods. Taking the form of a mortal woman, Calypso saved Odysseus after a shipwreck and hid him on her island for seven years in order to make him forget his homeland, give him immortality and eternal youth. But Odysseus sat all the time on the seashore, yearning for his home and his wife. Athena was the first to notice Odysseus' troubles and told Zeus, who then ordered his messenger Hermes to fly to the beautiful nymph and order her to release the captive. Calypso did not dare to disobey the will of Zeus. She taught Odysseus how to build a strong raft, gave him three furs with water, wine and bread, clothes for the journey, and sent a fair wind after him. From the union of Calypso and Odysseus a son, Latinus, was born. // Arnold Böcklin: Odysseus and Calypso

2) Nereid, daughter of Nereus and the oceanids Doris.

(Source: “Myths of Ancient Greece. Dictionary-reference book.” EdwART, 2009.)

Painting by A. Böcklin.
1882.
Basel.
Art Museum.

Synonyms:

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Seven years on the island of Ogygia. The land to which Odysseus was washed up turned out to be an island. It was called Ogygia and belonged to a nymph named Calypso. The island was beautiful, its owner was beautiful. Calypso lived in a grotto entwined with grapevines, ripe bunches of grapes themselves asked to be put into her mouth. Four springs with crystal clean water flowed near this grotto, dense forests grew around, in which wonderful birds sang songs.

The goddess Odysseus hospitably greeted him; she gave him rich clothes, fed him and gave him plenty to drink. She liked the wanderer so much that she invited Calypso Odysseus to become her husband, promising immortality and eternal youth. Odysseus refused, but remained faithful to his Penelope.

For seven long years Calypso did not let him go, and for all seven years Odysseus went to the shore every day, sat there for hours, looking at the sea, yearning and crying. Finally, the Olympian gods took pity on Odysseus and decided that it was time to return him to his homeland. They sent Hermes to Calypso with the order to release Odysseus.

Wrath of Poseidon. Sad Calypso came to him and said: “I am letting you go home, Odysseus! Build yourself a raft, and I will send a fair wind.” Odysseus was delighted and began cutting down trees for the raft. For four days he worked tirelessly - the raft was ready, a mast with a sail was attached to it, and a fair wind was inflating it. Calypso gave Odysseus supplies for the journey and said goodbye to him forever. Odysseus's raft sailed on the sea for eighteen days. The shore had already appeared ahead, but Poseidon noticed the raft. He became angry: secretly from him, the gods wanted to help Odysseus. Poseidon grabbed the trident and struck the sea with it; reared up huge waves, winds came from all sides. An unknown death awaited Odysseus; The fate of the heroes who had fallen with glory at Troy now seemed enviable to him. The waves tossed the raft from side to side; So one of them covered Odysseus - and he ended up in the water. Odysseus would have drowned, but the sea goddess Leukotea saved him - she gave him her wonderful blanket that keeps the man afloat.

Poseidon was pleased: he finally managed to harm the hated hero. He looked around and went down to his underwater palace.

Help from Pallas Athena. At this moment, Pallas Athena came to the aid of Odysseus: she calmed the sea and helped him get to the shore. The hero found a pile of dry leaves there, buried himself in it to protect himself from the night cold, and fell into a deep sleep.

Visiting the Phaeacians. The land that Odysseus landed on was an island. Brave Phaeacian sailors lived on it. From end to end they plied the boundless sea on their ships and always provided assistance to wanderers. They were ruled by King Alcinous and Queen Arete, wise and hospitable. That morning, the royal daughter Nausicaä decided to wash her clothes. She collected it and, together with her friends and slaves, went to the sea. The young maidens washed their clothes, laid them out to dry, and then started playing ball. They played merrily; but Athena was invisibly present among them. She hit the ball with her powerful hand and it flew into the sea. All the girls screamed loudly at once, and Odysseus woke up from their scream. Hiding behind the branches, he left the shelter. Mud and algae covered him from head to toe, the girls ran away in fright, only Nausicaä remained in place. Odysseus turned to her: “Oh, beautiful maiden! You are not inferior in beauty to the immortal goddesses! Have pity on me, give me at least some piece of cloth to cover my nakedness! May the gods fulfill all your wishes for this help!”

Nausicaa called the slaves, ordered them to give Odysseus clothes and feed him, then invited them to follow her. Soon Odysseus found himself in the palace of Alcinous; as if asking for protection, he sat down on the floor by the fireplace. But Alcinous picked him up and sat him down at the table next to him. He promised Odysseus a ship, but in the meantime he arranged a magnificent feast in honor of his arrival. The king saw that Odysseus did not want to give his name, and did not ask him about it.

Odysseus's story. The feast was merry; Then the blind singer Demodocus entered the hall. He sang a song to please the feasters. He sang about the glorious deeds performed by the Greeks near Troy, about the fallen heroes, about the cunning Odysseus and the wooden horse... His guest listened as if spellbound: he remembered his past glory, and tears flowed from his eyes. Alkina noticed them and asked: “Who are you, stranger? Why are you shedding bitter tears? Maybe a friend or relative died near Troy, and you are grieving for them? Odysseus answered him: “I am Odysseus, king of Ithaca. I’ll tell you about what happened to me from the day of the fall of the great Troy.”

Odysseus's story lasted the whole night: now the king and his guests listened as if spellbound. And the next morning they equipped the ship and loaded rich gifts onto it. He rushed faster than the wind sea waves, and in the early dawn of the next day the shores of Ithaca appeared. Odysseus was sleeping when the ship approached his native shores. The Phaeacian sailors carefully carried him to the shore and laid him on the sand. They left all the gifts there and set off on their way back. But Poseidon was angry with them for bringing Odysseus home; The island of the Phaeacians was already close, however, the ship was not destined to sail to it. Poseidon turned this ship into a rock - such was the revenge of the formidable god.