Top safest transports. What type of transport is the safest?

Calculate, what type of transport is the safest, not so simple. To build a beautiful and visual graph, at least two indicators are required - the number of dead or injured, as well as the number of people who use this type of transport. For air, rail and water transport, this data is not difficult to find, because thanks to tickets, every person is taken into account. But there are problems with automobile transport. It is not possible to track the movements of the average Russian from work, to work and to the store - no one registers at the doorstep of their home.

Our transport safety rating according to statistics for 2018 was compiled using various sources - from data from the National Union of Insurers, which keeps statistics of registered insurance cases from 2012 to the present, to data on transport accidents on the Rosstat website.

> 200 deaths per 1.6 billion km

Although the number of accidents involving motorcyclists has decreased by more than 70% since 2005, the motorcycle remains one of the most dangerous forms of transport. According to statistics, it turns out that every 1.6 billion km of travel is paid for with the lives of more than two hundred drivers and their passengers.

A motorcycle, like another two-wheeled vehicle - a bicycle - is characterized by increased vulnerability, so accidents involving motorcyclists are highly likely to end sadly. The reason is non-compliance with traffic rules, and, surprisingly, the fundamental refusal of some drivers to use a helmet.

5.75 people per 1.6 billion km

In second place in terms of the number of road accidents are personal cars. In just 1.6 billion km of travel, at least 5.75 people die.

The reasons include the reluctance of drivers to comply with traffic rules, the condition of the road surface, the increased wear and tear of the vehicle fleet due to the crisis and the deterioration of the purchasing power of the population. And also (due to the increase in the average age of life) and the aging of drivers. All these factors together guarantee that automobile transport Russia will not be safe for a long time.

9.4 deaths per 1 million passengers

Among air transport, the greatest danger to human life is not international transportation, but intercity transportation. Especially if a person in a helicopter is forced to go to those lands where even the notorious Makar prefers not to send his calves. Perhaps this is what explains such a high number of casualties among helicopter passengers. For every 1 million people, at least 9.4 are injured. You will have to fall from a great height, and, with a high degree of probability, the injuries will be incompatible with life.

5 deaths per 1.5 billion km

Minibus taxis cannot be called the safest type of transport in Russia. According to statistics, every 1.5 billion km of route traveled by a minibus is paid for by five human lives. Among the reasons can be cited both the work of drivers for wear and tear, as well as design flaws of minibuses, the condition of the roads, unwillingness to comply with traffic rules and drunk driving.

2.84 victims per 1 million transported

There were several major incidents involving intercity buses in 2018, including a tragic incident in Voronezh region when two buses collided, five people died and 17 were injured. In general, according to statistics, intercity and international buses are not very safe - for every million passengers transported, at least 2.84 are injured or killed in accidents. In total for 2018, trips to intercity buses brought death to more than 600 passengers, and injured more than 13 thousand people.

2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers

This category includes both international ships and domestic river carriers. In total for 2018 during sea and river travel There were 62 incidents that ended tragically for five people. In general, according to NSS statistics, for every million passengers transported, there are 2.3 accidents.

Passengers on sea and river boats Not only the water element threatens, but also the fire element. One of common reasons transport accidents - a sudden fire on board a ship, usually caused by a faulty electrical wiring. This is not surprising, given that Russia's domestic fleet is in poor condition, with almost a third of the vessels celebrating 40 years of service.

Chance of dying: 1:11,000,000

The safest transport in the world, however, in Russia it is not possible to obtain accurate statistics on the number of accidents per number of passengers. Data from the National Society of Insurers, which we relied on when assessing the danger of other modes of transport, are not available for them. The reason is the peculiarities of the insurance system in Russia; Most air transport companies transport their passengers not only within the country, but also abroad. Therefore, they use international insurance policies.

That's why the plane is the most dangerous look transport: according to statistics, The chances of dying in an accident on board an airplane are 1 in 11 million. For comparison, the chances of being struck by lightning while walking in a thunderstorm are 16 times higher!

0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers

This category includes both intercity and international trains, as well as regular commuter trains. In general, for 2018 the statistics for Russian Railways look excellent - for almost the entire year, from January to November, only seven incidents were recorded. Unfortunately, there were some deaths - one person died. In general, there are no more than 0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers.

More and more people prefer to use one of the safest modes of transport, and this cannot be explained by price alone. Indeed, for some destinations the cost of plane and train tickets is almost equal. According to the Russian Railways website, for 2018 on trains long distance Almost 8% more passengers were transported than last year. And the increase in the number of passengers on electric trains amounted to almost 3%.

0.09 cases per million transported

The trolleybus is in second place in terms of safety among modes of transport in Russia. According to NSS statistics, for every million passengers transported there are only 0.09 accidents. Most of them are banal “stumbled and fell.”

The reasons for the low trauma rate of a trolleybus are very simple - its volume and weight, as well as its low speed. In a collision, for example, with a passenger car, the car will suffer much worse. And the trolleybus passengers will get away with minor bruises.

0.04 victims out of 1,000,000 people

The safest transport according to statistics for 2018 in terms of the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of passengers. In total, out of one million people arriving from point A to point B, no more than 0.04 people are injured. In addition to safety, the tram has many advantages:

• it moves more smoothly than a car or even a trolleybus;
• less noisy;
• completely autonomous from traffic jams (unless, of course, motorists try to drive along the tracks);
• Of all urban transport, it causes the least harm to the environment.

Unfortunately, trams are gradually disappearing from small towns in Russia. The reason is the limited local budget, which simply cannot support a separate line. In just the past twenty years, the number of trams has decreased by more than 35%. Does this mean that the safest form of transport will gradually disappear from the urban landscape?

Reading time: 7 min.

Every day, from the news feed, millions of people learn about car accidents, derailed trains, crashed planes and other accidents that result in a large number of deaths. The question arises, how to protect yourself from troubles and what type of transport is the safest? In order not to indulge in fear, we present to your attention a list of the safest transport in the world, according to this year’s statistical reports.

This type of transport is rightfully considered the most dangerous in the world. Statistics confirm this - 125 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers. Anyone who prefers this type of vehicle seriously exposes themselves to danger, and very consciously. Motorcyclists make up only 1% of the total traffic on the highway, but a fifth of all accidents involve this type of transport. Motorists gave motorcyclists the nickname “crunchies” for a reason. The reason for this was a very low percentage of passive safety, enormous acceleration, enormous speed and psychological aspects: love of extreme sports and adrenaline rushes in the body. Motorcyclists often find themselves in the blind spot of cars because they are so small.

According to statistical reports, for every 1.5 billion kilometers there are 35 deaths. This is the most environmentally friendly transport, but at the same time one of the most unsafe. But, in truth, car drivers are more to blame for road accidents than cyclists themselves. It often happens that the car has only a few scratches, but the cyclist and his vehicle are between life and death.

Statistics in this case give figures of 25 dead people by 1.5 billion kilometers. The most dangerous incidents that happen in the metro are fires, crushes, and train collisions. A large number of people in a small closed space - panic and a huge percentage of casualties. IN Russian Federation The leader in such incidents is the Moscow Metro.

Traveling by water has always been a very risky undertaking. Of course, over many centuries of technology development, now water transport has become much safer, but still there are 20 deaths for every 1.5 billion kilometers. Although the main cause of death remains not collisions with other ships, but passengers falling overboard.

Statistics here give the following figures: 7 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers. The danger of flying in outer space is in no way comparable to that on earth - traveling in space is 17 times safer than riding a motorcycle. During all the time of travel in Space, only three devices did not return to Earth (the only thing that has a negative impact on statistical reports is explosions during take-offs of spacecraft).

Minibus travel involves 5 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers. This is one of the most popular modes of transport among the population. To protect yourself in minibus It is best to take a place in the middle. The size of the car, stable grip and passive safety will all play a role here. Unfortunately, the main cause of accidents remains the low level of driver qualifications.

Here statisticians give the following figures: 4 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers. The development of technology has also affected cars; now passive and active safety is at a completely different level. Unfortunately, motorists are the most dependent on other road users. You can be the most skillful and careful driver in the world, but this still won’t protect you from the fact that someone could crash into you and end up in the hospital, or worse.

Buses are in third place in the ranking; statistics show one fatality per 1.5 billion kilometers. If you want to travel safely, then this transport is for you. Sometimes it turns out that the bus route covers more than one thousand kilometers (for example, in Australia, a bus traveling on the Perth-Brisbane route travels 5,455 kilometers). But it is still quite safe to travel by bus.

The train is one of the safest modes of transport. Just think about it - only 0.2 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers of road. Railway in America and Europe is the safest in the world. In Russia, things are a little worse - 0.7 deaths on the same piece of road. If you calculate the probability of death on a train, it will be 1 in 431800 degrees (approximately 0.0002%). Investopedia reports that you are 1,000 times more likely to die in a car accident than in a train accident.

Paradoxically for many, airplanes are the safest transport in the world. The probability that you will die while flying on an airplane is 1: 8,000,000. The problem is that although airplanes crash very rarely, they always entail a large number of victims. Therefore, the media always covers such incidents and psychologically people begin to fear airplane travel. There are 0.5 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers. The Flight Safety Agency states that there is a 1 in 8 million chance of dying in a car accident. And self-destructive individuals need to take a ticket every day on a random flight for 21 thousand years in order to accomplish their plans.

An upcoming trip to another city or a trip to the sea makes people think about what type of transport to prefer. And here some will choose the train, believing that it is safer, while others will fly by plane, spending less time traveling. What type of transport is actually considered the safest?

Public opinion

Opinion polls conducted over the past few years tend to show the same results. Of all modes of transport, passengers consider the train to be the safest.

Airplanes are among the most dangerous. Opinions regarding car travel are divided approximately equally. Regarding maritime transport, the public tends to consider it more of a safe method of transportation. But this is only the opinion of passengers who are unlikely to study statistical data on accidents, disasters and deaths associated with them.

What do the statistics say?

If people put airplanes in first place as the most dangerous way to travel, then statistics say quite the opposite. Statistical data is compiled in such a way that the basis is taken as mortality (number of people killed) per 160,000,000 km of distance traveled. So during flights this parameter is only 0.6-0.7 people. Railway transport is given second place in terms of safety - the death rate per 160,000,000 km of track is 0.9 people. The number of deaths in road accidents is 1.6 people. Therefore, we can conclude that the airplane is the safest mode of transport, and road transport is recognized as the most dangerous.

If you still doubt that flying is less dangerous than driving a car, then here are some more facts. In 2014, there were several plane crashes in the world that claimed 884 human lives. And in our country alone, in the first six months of 2014, more than 10,000 people died in car accidents. So which transport will be safer? The answer is still obvious. Therefore, before a trip, you should weigh the pros and cons, giving preference to one or another type of transport. And to get rid of the fear of flying (if anyone has any), here are some aviation facts.

1) An aircraft lands every three seconds around the world.

2) Donkeys kill more people than plane crashes.

3) If the chance of a daily disaster is at least 0.01 percent, then at least 13 planes should crash per day.

4) A plane crash cannot be an accident - it is always a combination of certain factors.

5) Before each flight, the aircraft undergoes a strict inspection and complex technical condition check.

6) Over 80 percent of people on our planet are afraid to fly on airplanes, and 5 percent categorically refuse to do so, preferring trains or ships.

7) A plane cannot fall from a height of 10,000 km, as many fear. There is a lot of pressure under the wings of an airplane, so it floats in the air in the same way as a car on asphalt.

8) Russian pilots Don’t drink while at the controls - this is an invention of those people who are very afraid of flying.

Reading these facts may help reduce aerophobia. However, they are unlikely to be able to help those five percent of people who do not want to board the plane at all under any pretext.

Frequent flyers may have heard the story of the pilot who, after landing his plane, greeted passengers with the words, “The safest part of your journey is over.” And this is not fiction at all: this is exactly what most air passengers think. Next time you get into a taxi on your way to the airport, think about this: what do you know about the taxi driver in whose hands you entrusted your life? How often has this vehicle been serviced? Look out the window - are all the traffic lights working? Is the road in good condition? What about other drivers? How did they learn to drive? How well did they sleep before driving and did they drink alcohol?

Safety is the body of knowledge about risk translated into practice, and no other mode of transport is as expensive as air in terms of accumulating knowledge about the errors of people and machines. Thus, a mid-air collision at 800 km/h and at an altitude of 9,600 meters is less likely to result in your demise than almost any other mode of transport. From the aircraft's seats, the air in the cabin, to the choice of course and altitude, every decision in commercial aviation is made after careful consideration of how it will affect safety. In general terms, this is the most important thing.

Aircraft design

Over the past 50 years, nearly a billion flight hours have been flown in global commercial aviation, fueling an industry that pays careful attention to recording the continuous flow of information that is used to continuously improve aircraft and engine designs. "We are changing in better side“says Bill Bozin, vice president of safety for Airbus Americas, explaining that all this information allows engineers to better understand the capabilities of the machines.

“In the old days, wing design was experimental in nature, which was considered the worst possible situation that an aircraft could encounter,” continues Bozin. Manufacturers today know what's really going on, allowing them to make improvements that go beyond design to truly impact safety.

Technologies in the cockpit

Many modern jet planes experienced an innovation: when traditional mechanical control was replaced by electronic control. The following aircraft have fly-by-wire controls: Boeing 777 and 787, and Airbus A330, A340 and A380. With the transition of aircraft from mechanized to computerized controls, gone are the days when you had to apply enough force to pull the steering column towards you, comments Missy Cummings, an associate professor of flight and astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a former fighter pilot. US Navy. "We don't need any more brave guys like Chuck Yeager." Modern pilot is the person who manages the information, and technology plays the muscular role in the cockpit.

Global Positioning System (GPS), advanced displays and telecommunications enable flight precision unimaginable in previous eras of air travel. "In the 1950s and 1960s, a fatal aircraft accident occurred every 200,000 flights," says Julie O'Donal, a Boeing spokeswoman. “Today, global safety indicators have improved by more than 10 times, i.e. A fatal aviation accident occurs less than once in 2 million flights.” The reason for these statistics is the instruments in the cockpit that alert pilots when they are approaching the ground or are about to collide with other aircraft. But it’s not just about technical innovations and other gadgets.

Pilot

“Technology is no substitute for experience, skill and insight,” says Chesley Sullenberger, who flew the highly automated Airbus A320 the day he and co-pilot Jeff Skiles landed USAirways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River in New York. 155 passengers on the flight were rescued, prompting the event to be called the "Hudson Miracle" - a feat in which, according to Sullenberger, experience, training, ability to predict and focus in difficult conditions played a significant role.

Airlines know how important good pilots and appropriate training, which is why great attention is paid to selection and training. Mathias Kipenberg, a former Lufthansa crew chief, is now the head of Lufthansa's Arizona training center, where many of the German carrier's 5,000 pilots took their first flight. Beginning with single-engine Bonanza aircraft, cadets learn to manage information flows, learn to follow routines and interact with others.

“We are looking for people with good communication skills, leadership potential, teamwork and risk assessment,” says Kipenberg. He noted that Lufthansa “grows its own pilots,” often hiring candidates who do not have any experience, since civil aviation in Europe is an extremely expensive industry, and there are not many experienced promising pilots. In contrast, in the United States, carriers expect that a person must have hundreds of hours of self-accrued flight time before becoming a commercial pilot.

American Airlines and Trans World Airlines, Inc. (which Americanairlines bought in 2001) is looking for pilots who can analyze information clearly and focus. Hugh Schoezel, former vice president of TransWorldAirlines, Inc. Corporate Security has hired hundreds of such pilots. “If the wife has filed for divorce, or the child is on drugs, or the blood tests are bad, pilots may not take this into account. It's not that they don't care, but it's not taken into account when taking off. Not everyone can do this, but almost all pilots can do it.”

Cockpit equipment

Choosing the right pilots is key, and the work environment also affects performance - even control big liners comes from a cabin that is barely larger than the cabin of a medium-sized car. According to Juliana Fox Cumings, a pilot and engineering psychology specialist who has worked with the displays on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the flight controls and displays, although compact, perform a variety of tasks and have been tested to provide the necessary information in a clear and simple manner. circulation form.

“There is an explanation for everything: why this or that control, light bulb, switch has this or that size, shape, location, appearance, material,” comments Cumings. Airplanes fly at any time of the day, so controls must be clearly visible in any light. Additionally, “pilots need to know when they enter information whether it entered the system or not. In case of an error, the system must react in the form of feedback. These are just a few of the things we need to consider.” Cockpit design engineers test their work by watching pilots operate in simulators, noting how well the instruments are positioned, whether the displays are easy to see, and how comfortable the seat is to sit during long flights.

Passenger cabin

But what happens on the other side of the cockpit door? Don't laugh, but just as much attention is paid to where you sit. Whether spacious or cramped, first class or economy, every seat on the plane meets the most stringent requirements in terms of durability and head impact protection. Modern armchairs passenger aircraft can withstand 16 times the force of Earth's gravity. “It’s as if the plane was in motion and suddenly stopped. This requires a force 16 times greater than gravity, says David Ess, test engineer at MGA Engineering in Wisconsin. And the seat safety measures don’t end there. The fabrics and seat cushions are made of fire-resistant, non-flammable material and do not emit toxic smoke. Even the seat back parts are tested to eliminate factors leading to death. The cabin insulation is also made of fire-resistant material, and in case of fire, emergency lighting is located close to the door. This makes it easier to find a way out in a smoky cabin, says O'Donal.

The main thing to remember: most aviation accidents do without casualties. (Over the past 10 years, of the 301 incidents worldwide, less than a quarter were fatal). “We can hear the plane losing altitude,” Ess continues. - “We can hear that somewhere a plane rolled out over runway. But for all the cases there are only a few fatalities.”

Air traffic control

Pilots and planes could be the stars of the show commercial aviation, but behind the scenes everything is completely different: the control system air traffic begins to work where aircraft fly along automatically set routes in accordance with GPS, maintaining communication with each other and with the ground. We have come a long way from the days when only maps, boards, pencils and manual calculations were used for navigation. With 28 million flights in the past year, managing such a large and growing number of aircraft efficiently and safely is a daunting task.

“Many aircraft today can fly within a single geographic window so precisely that their horizontal position remains within the wingspan with a vertical deflection less than the height of the tail,” says Ken Shapero, chief commercial officer at GEAviation. As a result of the interaction of airborne and ground systems in the sky, clear route lines are created, deviation from which entails risk.

"Flight path aircraft is set automatically, and most route, air traffic controllers only control the movement,” notes Steve Fulton, former pilot, founder of the navigation company Naverus, which became part of GEAviation in 2009. Difficult terrain, low visibility, poor weather– dangers that could cause an airport to close and an aircraft to deviate from its course will no longer create chaos. “Everything is different now,” Fulton says.

Air traffic control in the airport area

The result of security improvements can be seen more clearly on site at the airport. Motion-detection monitors show the movement of any vehicle on the runway, taxiway and terminal gates, and alert air traffic controllers of a possible collision. “Security today has reached levels we have never known before,” says Dale Wright, chief security officer for the National Dispatchers Association. air services. “The risk is reduced, and this is the most important factor.”

Impact on the economy

In 2008 the influence civil aviation on the world economy was estimated at 3.56 billion dollars. Companies directly related to civil aviation were taken into account, as well as companies that are engaged in scientific and technical solutions to improve safety. Obviously, a lot depends on how correctly everything is done. So the next time your captain welcomes you on board his aircraft, you can sit back, relax and enjoy the flight. Because you now know that the safest part of your journey has begun!

Numerous studies and statistics prove that those who are afraid of flying and claim that the plane is the most dangerous form of transport are mistaken. Engineers and designers of passenger airliners are constantly working to improve systems and aerodynamic properties.

This allows you to minimize the risk of getting caught. Compared to trains or cars, then best view transport in terms of the number of accidents. The debate about whether train or plane is safer is still ongoing, but the latter wins it.

Security Research different types transport surveys are conducted regularly to identify the big picture and global trends.

In the field of civil aviation they are carried out ICAO ( International organization civil aviation). She established that There is only 1 accident per 1 million flights. No such data exists railway transport, nor for automobiles.

Why do many passengers' knees tremble when they board an airplane? Any plane crash is actively covered by the media. Therefore, the reputation of aircraft is not the best.

Numerous studies prove the leadership of the airplane as the safest mode of transport.

The probability that you will be in a plane crash is approximately 1 in 8,000,000. Even if you each fly the same flight, you will need about 21,000 years old to get into a disaster.

If we talk about statistics about whether a train or a plane is safer, then the death rate due to a train accident is 0.9 passengers per 100 million km. Machines have an even higher mortality threshold - 1.6 people die per 160 million km. Every year 1.2 million people dying on roads all over the world.

Plane crash survivor data

Many sources claim that it is almost impossible to survive a plane crash. This is also not entirely true. It’s just that the media covers precisely those disasters where a large number of people died, and not those where many passengers survived.

In the USA they analyzed 538 disasters. They died in them only 5% people of the total number of passengers flying.

According to the same source Of the 53,487 passengers involved in the accident, 51,207 survived.

After detailed research 26 cases, when the plane was destroyed upon impact with the ground or a fire occurred on board, it was concluded: 50% of all passengers survived.

Even in the event of a plane crash, passengers have every chance of surviving.

If pilots risk performing the so-called splashdown (landing an aircraft on water), then the chances of passengers surviving increase by as much as 50%. When the TU-124 landed on the Neva in the USSR, none of those on board died. The same thing happened during the Hudson landing in 2009.

Studying the causes of accidents, experts came to the conclusion that a fatal disaster for all passengers occurs due to several factors coming together. This can be due to both technical reasons and the fault of people.

A few more facts in favor of aircraft safety

In case all the above facts have not yet given you an answer to the question: “Why is an airplane considered the safest mode of transport?”, then here are a couple more arguments that prove this point of view.

For every 100 million miles the average passenger flies, there are 0.0003 casualties. When compared with the same buses, this figure is almost 17 times higher!

For those who think private flights are better, there is data to prove otherwise. Chances of getting into an accident on a private jet 1 in 7229.

Of those committed in 2012 In 26,600,000 flights, only 6 accidents occurred.

An airplane is the safest form of transport, and statistics prove it. Therefore, you can safely board passenger airliner and enjoy a relaxing flight.