Tourist and recreational complex. Volga Federal District
Attractions
Among the main attractions of the Volga Federal District you can find natural complexes and architectural monuments: Kungur Ice Cave, Shikhany Mountains, Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, Raifa Bogoroditsky Monastery, St. Michael's Cathedral in Izhevsk, Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Sviyazhsk Island-city, Blue Karst Lakes, Sea Eye Lake, Stroganov Nativity Church, Alexander Nevsky Temple in Nizhny Novgorod, Narovchatsky Cave Monastery, Sursky Nature Reserve, Vishersky Nature Reserve
Geographical position
Privolzhsky federal district occupies the central and eastern part of the European part of Russia. Most of the district's territory is located in the Volga River basin. On the territory of the Volga Federal District there are taiga forests with oak groves, broad-leaved forests, and vast steppes, meadows, and swamps. Pine forests, floodplain, coastal and water communities, mountain landscapes, interspersed with each other, make up a motley mosaic of the landscape.
Climate
The climate in Bashkiria, Samara and Saratov regions is continental. Winter here is cold, the average temperature in January is 12° -14°C. Summer is warm, without sweltering heat, the average temperature in July is +20°C. In Bashkiria, in the east of the republic, there are mountain ranges of the Southern Urals stretching from north to south, which creates a sharp difference in climatic conditions on the western and eastern slopes. The amount of annual precipitation in Bashkiria is from 300-600 mm. In the Samara region the climate is quite arid (precipitation is about 400 mm per year). In the southeast of the Saratov region, precipitation falls 250 mm per year, and in the northwest 450 mm per year. The Orenburg region has a sharply continental climate with cold winters with little snow (average January temperature - 14°,−18°C) and hot summers (average July temperature +19°,+22°C). In other regions and republics of the district, the climate is temperate continental with an average January temperature of 12°,−15°C, and in July +17°,+19°C. The amount of annual precipitation in the district ranges from 250 (south-eastern part of the Saratov region) to 800 mm (north-eastern part of the Perm region).
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Annotation. The authors reveal the main prospects for the development of ethnic tourism in the Volga Federal District. The importance and significance of ethnic tourism for such a multi-ethnic and multi-religious region as the Volga Federal District of Russia is emphasized.
Keywords: tourism, ethnic tourism, tourism product, traditional way of life, population, peoples, Volga Federal District.
Tourism is one of the progressive sectors of the world economy. Ethnic tourism is currently gaining particular popularity. More and more categories of tourists are beginning to take an active interest in the complex multinational culture of Russia.
Russia is a country of enormous potential and unusually picturesque folk traditions. It has everything necessary for the development of tourism - a huge territory, rich historical and cultural heritage. In response to this, a new direction is emerging in Russian cultural and educational tourism - ethnic tourism. World practice shows that this type of tourism can satisfy a number of human needs, especially spiritual ones. Ethnic tourism can be one of the possible strategic directions for preserving and developing the economy of the traditional economy, cultural heritage and be a factor in the sustainable development of territories through the involvement of the indigenous population in the creation of original tourism products and the development of recreational activities. Along with such well-established measures as the preservation and development of the traditional way of life, national crafts and art, education and strengthening the health of indigenous peoples, mechanisms have been laid for their more active involvement in the economic life of the regions.
Volga Federal District (VFD)- one of the most developed industrial and agricultural subjects of Russia, with opportunities for the development of ethnic tourism. According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, it is home to a multinational population - 21.3% of the total number of citizens of the country, 140 representatives of various nations, nationalities, and ethnic groups.
The most important part of ethnic tourism is familiarization with the culture and traditions of various ethnic groups. Traditions are a system of values, norms of behavior, positions and principles of relationships between people. Characteristics of folk traditions include an analysis of existing traditions, determination of their place in the life of the country and linking these traditions to specific territories and ethnic groups.
In ethnotourism, nostalgic tours can be distinguished separately. During such trips, tourists get acquainted with a certain ethnic group of the population living either at the place of their birth or the place where their ancestors lived. Tourists get acquainted with their life, cultural features, everyday moments, etc. This is a good way for scientists and amateurs to learn more about their roots or to study the history of a people of interest. Thanks to this innovation in tourism, many even found their distant relatives in foreign lands. Sometimes people visited places where their fathers, grandfathers lived, or they themselves were evicted from these surroundings in their distant youth. In most cases, it is nostalgia that pushes one to study the characteristics of a particular culture.
The development of ethnic tourism in Russia is becoming a new and leading area of activity. This type of tourism will be in demand in the future due to its uniqueness and originality, since currently ethnic diversity is declining at a rate commensurate with the rate of loss of biological diversity. According to some forecasts, by the end of the 21st century. More than half of the currently existing ethnic languages may disappear forever. Indigenous peoples are carriers of a unique culture and economic system, therefore the development of ethnic tourism is promising in the territories of their traditional residence.
The prerequisites for the development of ethnocultural tourism in Russia include the following:
1) a high degree of ethnic diversity of the population, manifested not only on a national or macro-regional scale, but also within individual subjects of the federation and even at the level of lower administrative units (districts, municipalities, rural settlements);
2) a unique combination of various ethnocultural complexes, primarily East Slavic, Turkic and Finno-Ugric, which developed in the process of long-term interethnic integration, acculturation and assimilation;
3) the need to actively promote the ideas of interethnic tolerance, taking into account tense, and in some regions - seriously complicated interethnic relations in recent decades;
4) traditionally relatively low (in the Volga region, in the Urals) and sharply decreased in recent decades due to mass migrations (in the North Caucasus) level of territorial consolidation of ethnic groups in the corresponding national republics;
5) the destructive influence of urbanization on the traditional cultural complex of almost all ethnic groups in the country;
6) the need for more effective promotion in the domestic and foreign tourism markets of Russian regions, especially those with a low rating of customer tourist preferences.
The number of nationalities and nationalities with interesting life and traditions in our country is huge. 143 million people live in Russia. and more than 180 peoples, each of which has its own traditions, culture, language and crafts, but, unfortunately, this potential is almost untapped.
T Yu. Tikhonova, analyzing current state ethnic tourism and the level of development of ethnic-oriented tourism in Russian regions, conditionally groups them as follows:
1) regions that are actively developing ethno-tourism and have the necessary ethno-cultural potential and a sufficiently developed tourism infrastructure for this (Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, partially Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories);
2) regions that are attractive and promising for the development of ethno-tourism, but have an underdeveloped tourism infrastructure (Khabarovsk Territory, (Yakutia), the Komi Republic, the Volga region, the North of the European part of Russia, the Baikal region, the republics of the North Caucasus, the Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin, the Republics of Khakassia and Mari El, Chuvash Republic).
The last type of regions includes the subjects that are part of the Volga Federal District. The national composition of the Volga Federal District and the cultural heritage of the peoples living on its territory are very rich, have similar features, but at the same time differ in their characteristic features. Let's consider the possibilities of the regions of the Volga Federal District for the development of ethnic tourism.
One of the promising stable regions of the Volga Federal District, in which ethnic tourism can potentially develop, is the Republic of Mordovia. This is no coincidence, since the republic is multinational and is the center of the Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia. Russians, Mordovians, Tatars, Ukrainians, etc. live on its territory. Currently, the following centers of national culture operate in Mordovia: the village. Podlesnaya Tavla (Kochkurovsky district), village. Nizovka, village Urusovo (Ardatovsky district), village. Staraya Terizmorga (Staroshaigovsky district), village. Rybkino (Kovylkinsky district), village. Kochetovka (Insarsky district) in which you can get acquainted with the peculiarities of life, crafts, clothing, and rituals of the Mordovian people.
In the territory Nizhny Novgorod region About 20% of the crafts of all of Russia are concentrated, including the world famous golden Khokhloma, Semyonovskaya matryoshka, gold embroidery, Gorodets, Polkhovsko-Maidan painting, weaving, guipure, filigree, knifemaking, woodworking and other crafts. In many areas of the region, from 50 to 200 craftsmen work in the field of folk arts and crafts, decorative and applied arts. A clear confirmation of this is the amazing fairy-tale city-museum of Gorodets.
Ethnically interesting. The Mari are one of the few peoples of Europe who have preserved paganism and religious objects associated with it. In addition, the Republic of Mari El represents a unique experience of the coexistence of paganism, Christianity and Islam. The ethnographic museum under open air in Kosmodemyansk.
The Orenburg region is a tolerant multicultural region; representatives of more than a hundred ethnic groups live on its territory. Important for the development of ethnotourism in general is the level of urbanization of the region - 58%, since this type tourism is implemented mainly in rural areas. In the Orenburg region, it is possible to organize tours from Germany to German villages founded by Germans who have preserved elements of their culture and way of life.
In the Samara region, active work is underway to organize museum complexes with an ethnic focus: the open-air museum “Bogatyrskaya Sloboda”, the ethnographic museum “Gornitsa” and others. This region belongs to the most multinational regions of our country.
The Republic of Tatarstan, due to historical and social factors, has great potential for the development of ethnic tourism. The nostalgic direction - trips to the historical homeland, is very relevant for the region. Most ethnic Tatars live outside the republic. Tatarstan is the center of the Tatar world. The purpose of visits can be not only visits with relatives, but also visits to significant others. cultural world events - Sabantuy, holidays, anniversaries, concerts. Appeal to the national factor will allow preserving the language, history, and traditions of the Tatar people. Ethnic tourism is developing successfully in the Yelabuga region of the republic; holding the international ethnic festival “Krutushka” has become traditional.
Ethnic tourism in the Ulyanovsk region is represented by a wide range of craft specialties. It can be argued that in the Ulyanovsk region, the problems of the development of handicrafts, the revival of a number of folk crafts, which are directly related to the spirituality, culture of the people, and the attractiveness of the province with its original flavor, are becoming urgent. Experts hope that a powerful impetus for the development of handicrafts in the Ulyanovsk region will be given by the Crafts Center, which they plan to build near the village. New Bedenga in the Ulyanovsk region.
Ethnic tourism in Chuvashia is included in the list of priority areas for tourism development in the republic. Of great interest to tourists and the greatest value on the Chuvash land are the Chuvash people with national traditions and rituals. In the village of Ibresi there is an open-air ethnographic museum; It is planned to create a tourist cluster “Ethnic Chuvashia”.
Thus, having analyzed the ethnic component of the regions of the Volga Federal District, we came to the conclusion that most of them have sufficient opportunities for the development of ethnic tourism on their territory, but not all existing facilities are involved in the tourism industry, not all regions are actively developing tourism in general , and ethnic tourism in particular. The development of ethnic tourism in the regions of the Volga Federal District should become a priority, since these regions have been little studied, but have great potential. In many ways, the current state is determined by the saturation and material and technical condition of tourist infrastructure, as well as the position and activity of the population and authorities. A detailed study of this type of tourism in the Volga Federal District will help solve a number of economic and social problems associated with the effective use of tourism resources, their development and the preservation of the historical and cultural heritage of indigenous populations.
Literature
1. Butuzov A.G. State and prospects for the development of ethnocultural tourism in the Russian Federation // Service in Russia and abroad. - 2009. - No. 4. - P.11-15.
2. All-Russian population census 2010. - - URL: http://www.perepis-2010.ru/.
3.
4. .
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6. Federal State Statistics Service. - - URL: http://www.gks.ru/.
7. Federal portal protown.ru. Development of tourism in the republic. - - URL: http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/3475.html.
Gurkina E.N., Nekhaeva N.E. Prospects of Ethnic Tourism in the Volga Federal District
Abstract. The article considers the main prospects of ethnic tourism on the territory of the Volga Federal District. The authors emphasize the importance and significance of ethnic tourism for the Volga Federal District as a multiethnic and multi-religious Russian region.
Keywords: tourism, ethnic tourism, tourist product, traditional lifestyle, population, ethnic groups, Volga Federal District.
“ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT: REGIONAL MODEL. ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT S.M. Nikonorov Executive editor: V.M. Zakharov Moscow UDC 330.3; 502.3; 504.0 BBK 65 N When...”
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The relief of the right bank is formed by the Volga Upland with the Samara Luka and is crossed by ravines and gullies. Samara Luka is usually called the territory bounded by the horseshoe bend of the Volga and the Usaya River, about 70 km long and up to 30 km wide. Its area is approximately 1585 km2. In fact, this is a huge peninsula with the Zhiguli Mountains (highest point - 370" 6 m), covered with dense forests, with flat terraces, and steppe hills. Opposite the Zhiguli Mountains is the High Trans-Volga region, which includes Sokoly, Sokskie Mountains and Kinelskie Yary. In the north-west of the left bank lies the Low Trans-Volga region. The south of the region is occupied by an undulating plain, which towards the east gradually turns into the foothills of the Urals.
Water objects. The main water artery of the region is the river. Volga, which has Saratov and Kuibyshev Reservoir. Other most significant rivers - Samara, Sok, Kinel, Bolshoi Irgiz, Kondurcha, as well as the Volga, are used by the local population for recreation.
Mineral water. The Samara region is rich in mineral springs. The largest of them are used for medicinal purposes at the Sergievsky Mineral Waters resort.
State regulation of tourism is carried out by the Department of Tourism Affairs of the Department of Industry and Trade of the Administration of the Samara Region.
Tourist potential. Protected areas of the Samara region: Zhigulevsky State Reserve named after I.I. Sprygina, Samarskaya Luka National Park, Buzuluksky Bor Federal Reserve, landscape reserves - Vasilievsky Islands and Sergievsky Mineral Waters. 306 natural monuments are registered in the region, of which 13 objects have the status of republican significance.
Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District Objects of cultural heritage. The Samara province, separated into an independent administrative unit in 1850, was famous throughout Russia as the largest center of grain trade and agricultural production. The greatest figures of domestic and foreign culture worked here - A.N. Tolstoy, V.G. Korolenko, N.M. Garin-Mikhailovsky, A.M. Gorky, I.E. Repin, J. Hasek and many others. In the region there are: 2878 historical, architectural and cultural monuments protected by the state; 40 regional museums; 4 regional libraries and 836 municipal libraries, including 92 specialized children's libraries; 814 rural and urban clubs, cultural centers;
4 regional, 6 municipal theaters, Samara regional and Tolyatti municipal philharmonic societies, state Volga Russian folk choir named after. P.M. Miloslavov, Samara Regional Choreographic School, State Circus named after. O. Popova, Samara Zoological Park; 24 cinema halls, Center for Russian Cinematography.
Sanatorium and resort institutions. Resort Sergievskie mineral waters. It has high-flowing sources of hydrogen sulfide waters, which have no analogues in Russia. The resort also has lake-spring therapeutic mud.
On the shore of the Zhigulevsky Sea, at the foot of the Zhigulevsky Mountains, the Volzhsky Utes sanatorium is located. Because of the beauty of these places and clean air, this area was called Volga Switzerland. The main healing factors of the sanatorium are natural mineral springs and healing mud. In the green zone of the city of Tolyatti on the shore of the Zhigulevsky Sea in a pine forest there is a sanatorium "Russian Bor".
Basic tourist preferences. Samara travel agencies offer car and bicycle routes along the Samara Luka. In these places, one of the largest settlements of Volga Bulgaria (IX-XIII centuries) was discovered - “Murom Town”, a fortified settlement of the Bronze and Iron Ages. The four-day “Zhiguli Round the World” tour along the Volga and Usa rivers, which form an almost closed water ring, interrupted only by a two-kilometer stretch of land in the area of the village, is popular among water tourists. Transfers. Making a journey of about 175 km, tourists on kayaks go around the Samarskaya Luka, without going upstream anywhere.
The tourism infrastructure in the region is represented quite widely: over 100 hotels, more than 50 sanatoriums, 122 recreation centers, children's health camps. Presence of monuments in the area for development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, childbirth (580 objects), history (3,636 objects), religious sites, as well as large cultural and recreational opportunities are a good prerequisite for creating popular tourist programs.
The Samarskaya Luka National Park and one of the oldest natural reserves, the Zhigulevsky Reserve named after. I.I. Sprygina.
Investment projects of tourist complexes and investment sites as of April 19, 2010 (Appendix 1):
Creation of the tourist and recreational complex “Samarskaya Luka”;
Construction of a ski complex between the village of Krasnaya Glinka and the village of Upravlenchesky.
The number of travel agencies is 172. The number of collective accommodation facilities is 232 (2009).
Thus, we can conclude that a number of subjects of the Volga Federal District have significant potential for the development of the ecotourism industry, which is confirmed by a number of statistical data in recent years (Table 6).
The tourism sector is growing both worldwide and in Russia. It is clear that due to different possibilities of statistical accounting, it is taken into account differently by official state statistics. Expert assessments differ from the data given in statistical collections. But, nevertheless, the well-being of the population is growing all over the world and in Russia as well. In the structure of people's free time, time and financial costs for entertainment, tourism, recreation, and new experiences will increase. Therefore, the tourism sector of the economy promises to become quite significant.
The advantages of the Volga Federal District (VFD) in terms of tourist recreation are determined by relatively favorable climatic conditions, geographical location, developed infrastructure, diversified production base and network of settlements, the presence of qualified personnel and their reproduction system.
Limitations for the development of the Volga Federal District are associated with a lack of resource base, a tense environmental situation, technological backwardness and high wear and tear of the industrial base, which has traditionally been of key importance for the economy of the constituent entities of the district RosDevelopment of Ecotourism: a regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District
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An interregional tourist association “Privolzhye” has been created in the Volga Federal District, which makes it possible to form a tourist and recreational cluster in the district. Currently, more than 50 representatives of the tourism business from the Republics of Mordovia and Tatarstan, the Chuvash Republic, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Samara and Ulyanovsk regions have joined the Association. The Volga region has accumulated rich historical experience of successful modernization, competent use of natural geographical advantages, natural resources and rich human potential.
Prime Minister of the Russian Federation V. Putin, in his speech at the Interregional Conference of the Volga Federal District “Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Volga region until 2020”, which took place on September 14, 2010 in Nizhny Novgorod, noted that “a developed tourism industry can become one of key competitive advantages of the Volga Federal District."
Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District
3. Forecast for the development of the region's tourism complex Any territory (locality or region) performs many different functions for its population and guests, which can become the basis for identifying territorial products. Each location offers several or even many products. In this context, the territorial tourism product can be identified with the tourist offer of the territory, i.e. with a set of tourist values and services that are preferred by tourists who come to this territory to satisfy their tourist needs. The most important part of the territorial tourism product is the tourist product-place, which is a geographically determined product consisting of some elements of the tourist potential of a given territory, united by a higher idea that determines its uniqueness, originality and market attractiveness. Thus, a territorial tourism product, as a rule, turns out to be a combination of fewer or more private tourism products that form a single ideologically homogeneous whole and, therefore, certain efforts must be made to form it.
The presence of various tourist and recreational assets of the country allows the development of almost all types of tourism. On the territory of the Russian Federation, both traditional tourist centers specializing in a certain type of tourism (Moscow, St. Petersburg) and recognized interregional products and routes (Golden Ring, cruises on the Volga River) have developed.
Analysis of data from the Federal Agency for Tourism of the Ministry of Sports RosDevelopment of Ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, this allows us to conclude that currently the following types of tourism have developed in the Volga Federal District: cultural and educational (historical and cultural); medical and recreational (health resort, medical and recreational); religious and pilgrimage;
business; cruise; hunting and fishing; with an active mode of transportation (water, horseback, speleo); rural (agro, rustic);
ecological; etc. (Appendix 2). Let's look at some of them.
Cultural and educational (historical and cultural) tourism According to various estimates, historical and cultural tourism ranges from 10% to 35%, and even 60% of the global flow of tourists. The historical and cultural heritage of Russia is the most important competitive advantage of the country's tourism industry. Travel for cultural and educational purposes accounts for about 20 percent of the domestic tourist flow.
In 2009, the number of tourists traveling for cultural and educational purposes was about 7.1 million people.
The Central and Northwestern Federal Districts are the centers of cultural and educational tourism in the country. There are also great potential opportunities for the development of this area in the Volga Federal District. However, the unsatisfactory state of the road transport and other tourist infrastructure in most regions that are promising from the point of view of cultural and educational tourism is a limiting factor for the formation of a modern competitive tourism product.
The development of this type of tourism will attract an additional 6 million Russian and foreign tourists annually.
For example, in the Republic of Mari El, for lovers of educational and excursion tourism, routes are offered that introduce Mari rites, customs, folklore, national cuisine, traditional Mari embroidery and crafts, carefully preserved from generation to generation. Tourists can get a vivid idea of the life of the ancient Mari by visiting the Ardinsky House of Crafts in the Kilemarsky district, the Peasant Hut - a museum in the village of Starozhilsk, Medvedevsky district, and other museums.
Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Mari El, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Udmurtia, Republic of Chuvashia, Perm Territory, Kirov Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Orenburg Region, Penza Region, Samara Region, Saratov 58 Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District region, Ulyanovsk region.
Strengths of development of cultural and educational tourism:
The presence of unique tourist resources in the form of ecotourism objects, ethnographic, religious tourism, etc., of which 17,533 are objects of cultural heritage, including 2,787 of federal significance;
110 settlements included in 1990 in the List of Historical Populated Places of the RSFSR (RF);
About 20% of the crafts of all of Russia are concentrated in the region, incl.
world-famous golden Khokhloma, Semyonovskaya matryoshka, gold embroidery, Gorodets, Polkhovsko-Maidan paintings, weaving, guipure, filigree, knife craft, woodworking, etc.;
In many regions of the Volga Federal District there is a fairly large number of craftsmen engaged in the field of folk arts and crafts, decorative and applied arts;
Multinational composition of the population.
Weaknesses in the development of cultural and educational tourism:
Lack of infrastructure, access roads, parking lots, observation platforms, security systems;
Insufficient level of qualifications of staff at receiving centers, incl. knowledge of languages;
Most architectural monuments are in unsatisfactory condition;
All archaeological sites are not accessible to tourists;
Lack of exhibition halls or museums in organizations of folk arts and crafts (hereinafter referred to as NHP);
Insufficient marketing of traditional arts and crafts and poor focus on souvenirs;
Lack of information about the potential tourism resources of the region's districts and the capabilities of the local population.
Medical and recreational (health resort, medical and recreational) Health tourism is traditionally in high demand in our country, which is the most significant for conservation. Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, research on health, improving the level and quality of life of citizens. The traditions of medical and health-improving methods are maintained and developed in a number of regions of the federal districts, which have unique natural and climatic resources for this. The regions of the Volga Federal District are also promising for the development of this type of tourism.
The country's natural healing resources can potentially provide health services to an additional 2 million Russians per year.
The regions of the Volga Federal District have sufficient opportunities for the development of sanatorium and resort tourism, since in a relatively small area there are natural, medical, sanatorium and resort and tourist complexes that were created over previous decades and do not require large initial capital, based mainly on the use of natural resources. Territory is a factor that shapes strategic potential.
It is necessary not only to constantly improve the effectiveness of spa treatment, but also to develop new types of services, using both foreign experience and the rich experience of domestic traditions of spa treatment. In the future, without improving the quality of the entire social, everyday and cultural sphere, without expanding the animation service, and creating a modern recreation industry, we will not be able to effectively use our potential and attract tourists, including from foreign countries.
The Nizhny Novgorod region has sufficient resources for the development of medical and recreational tourism. Availability of sources mineral water different compositions, medicinal mud, more than 100 organizations in the medical and recreational sphere, professional qualified medical staff, accommodation infrastructure and large regional tour operators make it possible to successfully develop this type of tourism.
The services of the sanatorium and resort complex are currently the main type of income (after hotels) in the structure of income of the tourism industry in a number of districts. The main resort areas of the Nizhny Novgorod region are: the Gorky Sea, the Green City, as well as recreational tourism zones along the banks of the Volga, Oka, Kerzhenets, Vetluga, Serezha rivers, etc. There are 51 sanatorium and resort institutions in the Nizhny Novgorod region, including mud baths and mineral wells water. Of these, 5 are sanatoriums for adults, 2 are boarding houses. Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District with treatment, 13 children's sanatoriums, 31 sanatoriums.
Some of the most important problems on the path to the development of medical and recreational tourism are the following:
Lack of beds;
The dilapidation of the material base;
Insufficient level of room comfort;
Insufficient spectrum additional services;
The need to reconstruct more than 80% of residential buildings;
Lack of unified organizational and methodological management of health resorts;
High costs of maintaining housing stock, which increases the cost of vouchers and reduces competitiveness;
High level of competition from sanatoriums of other constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
Outdated technological equipment;
Lack and dilapidation of communal infrastructure;
Insufficient level of technical equipment of the facilities: lack of computer equipment and software, including on-line booking systems;
Due to the abolition of land tax benefits, it is possible that the occupancy level of facilities will decrease by 20-30%.
Subjects of the Volga Federal District positioning themselves in this tourism market:
Republic of Mari El, Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Chuvashia, Kirov region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Orenburg region, Penza region, Samara region, Saratov region, Ulyanovsk region.
Strengths of the development of medical and recreational tourism: the availability of natural resources for the development of the sanatorium and resort complex; availability of material resources.
Weaknesses in the development of medical and recreational tourism: investing in fixed capital and upgrading equipment increases the cost of the tourism product, reducing its competitiveness.
Cruise tourism One of the most popular and dynamically developing types of travel is river cruises. More than 100 motor ships with a capacity of 150-300 people ply across the country’s waters.
Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District Cruise tourism is more developed in the Central, Northwestern, Volga and Southern Federal Districts.
The cruise market is growing much faster than other types transport travel, since it is inextricably linked with cultural and educational tourism. Cruise tourism has always been in demand among both foreign and Russian tourists. However, its growth today is limited by the problems of deterioration of ships and berth infrastructure, as well as the presence of areas on inland waterways where the passage of cruise ships is difficult.
The development of this type of tourism will attract an additional 1 million Russian and foreign travelers per year.
The development of cruise tourism in the Nizhny Novgorod region is associated with an advantageous geographical location and the availability of sufficient resources for the development of cruise tourism. The presence of navigable rivers - the Volga and Oka, the equidistance of Nizhny Novgorod (which has an international airport) on routes both to St. Petersburg and Astrakhan, large tour operators for cruise tourism, contribute to the active development of the river cruise market.
Cruise tourism makes a great contribution to the development of the regional economy. For example, one tour operator in the cruise tourism segment serves more than 14 thousand tourists and 60 thousand excursionists per year, the volume of services of large operators annually amounts to about 200-260 million rubles, payments to the regional and local budgets and extra-budgetary funds amount to more than 19.7 million rubles
The presence of one ship on the market creates from 50 to 200 jobs and increases the volume of tourism services to 40 million rubles. and up to three million per year in tax revenues to budgets of all levels. Thanks to the organization of excursions for cruise tourists to local attractions, historical and cultural heritage sites are preserved and restored, the sale of souvenirs and agricultural products and, accordingly, the income of the local population increases.
Tour operators organize river cruises on the following rivers: Volga, Don, Kama, Moscow Canal, Volga-Don Canal and Volga-Baltic Waterway, rivers of the north-west, Ladoga and Onega lakes.
Main routes: Moscow, St. Petersburg (with a call at the islands of Valaam and Kizhi), Astrakhan with a stop in Makaryevo, Perm, Uglich, Yaroslavl, Rostov-on-Don, Belomorsk, etc.
62 Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, the development trend of the cruise tourism market is characterized by a steady increase in demand for cruise routes. Moreover, the demand is dominated by the segment of consumers of comfortable holidays with a maximum range of various additional services on the ship itself (gym and cinema rooms, massage room, etc.).
There are several global problems standing in the way of the development of cruise tourism in the Nizhny Novgorod region: the lack of developed tourist infrastructure (lack of equipped berths, shallowing of the Volga and Oka riverbeds, lack of equipped green parking areas), a high degree of deterioration of ships, high costs for technical re-equipment and reconstruction of cruise ships, lack of advertising - information materials and poor promotion of tourism products to the Russian and international tourist markets and others.
Subjects of the Volga Federal District positioning themselves in this tourism market: the Republic of Tatarstan, the Republic of Chuvashia, Nizhny Novgorod region, Samara region, Saratov region, Ulyanovsk region.
Strengths of cruise tourism development:
The presence of large transport arteries - the river. Volga, r. Oki, b. Sura, etc. and the possibility of creating a wide range of cruises;
Availability of a minimum fleet of vessels;
Availability of cruise tourism operators;
Sufficient resource of historical and cultural heritage;
Availability of a fleet of small vessels that can be used on excursion lines;
Availability of an investment project for the construction of cruise ships.
Weaknesses in the development of cruise tourism:
High degree of deterioration of ships (ships from the 1958-1960s);
High costs for reconstruction, construction, technical re-equipment of cruise ships;
Lack of own funds for reconstruction and improvement of comfort;
The impossibility of receiving ships by some tourist centers due to the lack of equipped berths and shallowing of the riverbed;
Lack of equipped green parking areas;
Lack of own funds to secure a loan or guarantees for the construction or purchase of new ships.
Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District Ecotourism B last years Tourists are becoming more and more tired of mass tourism products, running around on mandatory excursions, and are increasingly turning to such types of tourism as outdoor recreation, in rural areas, to what is called agrotourism and is part of a large global trend in the growth of ecotourism.
The rich natural and cultural heritage, diversity of flora and fauna of our country provide unique opportunities for the development of eco-tourism. So far, the share of eco-tourism in the overall structure of the Russian tourism market is only about 1 percent. A serious limitation for the development of this type of tourism is the high sensitivity of many Russian ecosystems to anthropogenic impacts.
Taking into account the main purpose of the tour, the following types of eco-tourism are usually distinguished:
Observation and study of undisturbed, unaltered ecosystems with cultural education and teaching of ecological knowledge;
Recreation in ecosystems for emotional and aesthetic purposes;
Treatment with natural factors both in ecosystems and in eco-complexes;
Ecological tours with sporting purposes in eco-complexes;
Ecological tours with adventure goals in eco-complexes.
The main regions for the development of ecotourism in Russia are concentrated in the Far Eastern, Volga, Ural, Northwestern, North Caucasus and Southern federal districts.
By creating and improving conditions for the development of ecological tourism in promising regions (including the arrangement of new attractive routes with appropriate infrastructure), this area of tourism can provide an additional tourist flow of over 1.6 million people per year.
One of the main types of tourism in the Republic of Mari El is ecotourism. Mari El is a land of amazingly beautiful lakes. There are more than 600 of them: large and small, different in origin and useful properties, but equally attractive for their pristine beauty and purity. Lake Nuzhyar in the Gornomariysky district is considered the cleanest in the Volga region. The largest is Lake Yalchik, with an area of 195 hectares, the deepest is the karst lake Zryv (Tabashinskoe), 64 Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, the depth of which reaches 56 meters. The largest group of such lakes is located on the edge of the northern ledge of the Sotnur Upland, where 11 lakes are located in a chain, among them the Sea Eye with a depth of 35 m, and 6 lakes at the foot of the Kerebelyak Upland. The Mari region can be called a haven of silence, a kingdom of mushrooms, berries, birds and animals, a land of environmental well-being.
The Nizhny Novgorod region, having a number of advantages and sufficient resources, can occupy a certain niche in the ecotourism market.
The advantages of the Nizhny Novgorod region lie in its unique geographical location, since here in a relatively small area there are several natural zones: southern taiga, coniferous-deciduous forests and forest-steppes, which led to a variety of landscapes and an amazing combination of flora and fauna, as well as the presence of unique natural resources:
Ichalkovsky Forest, Bornukovsky Cave, Lake Svetloyar, Lake Vadskoe, Pustynsky Lakes, Kerzhensky Reserve, Kilemarsky Nature Reserve, Crane Nature Reserve, etc. The territory of the Koverninsky Depression can also be an object of scientific interest for eco-geographical tourism. At the site of an open well at a depth of 5 km, prototypes of diamonds were found here.
All these resources create sufficient potential for the successful development of ecotourism.
In addition, ecotourism within the framework of domestic tourism is considered as an effective means of combating “wild tourism”, which is harmful to the conservation of natural biodiversity.
The prospect of creating a world-class eco-village “Yasna” in the Cheboksary region can significantly develop the capabilities of this area of tourism. The preliminary design developed by the NP “Ecovillage Yasna” passed the examination of the European Union (EU) and was included in the international tourist route “Great Volga Route” as a tourist center of the Chuvash Republic.
The tourist complex is planned to be located on an area of more than 58 hectares, 30 km from Cheboksary. This project is planned to become an attractive center for domestic and foreign tourists. New tourist route will increase reception Russian citizens up to 9.3 thousand tourists, 11.3 thousand excursionists, and 3.5 thousand foreigners per year.
Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District Rural (agro, village) tourism A new promising direction is rural tourism, which allows city residents to join the traditional way of life of rural residents. The obvious advantage of this type of tourism is that it can become a source of additional, and sometimes main income for the rural population, especially in depressed regions.
Several Russian regions have announced their intention to develop rural tourism and folklore villages. The prospects for rural or village tourism have recently been seriously thought about in several regions at once, for example, in the Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Ryazan, Kaluga, Kirov regions, Bashkiria and the Perm Territory.
This type of recreation is actively developing in the Northwestern, Volga and Siberian federal districts. Certain regions of the Central Federal District have great prospects from the point of view of rural tourism.
The potential annual demand for this type of tourism is about 600 thousand people.
– the official portal of the regional government has already posted a constantly updated register – “Rest in the Village”. The electronic database includes data from farmers who own reservoirs, farms with livestock, and summer houses that are ready to receive tourists. In addition, this database already contains the addresses of rural residents who are ready to accommodate lovers of the exotic Russian hinterland in their homes, as well as photographs demonstrating the capabilities of a particular owner and telling about the sights of the surrounding area.
According to the regional government, the development of village tourism is promising for all districts of the region, and this type of tourism can become a “growth point” for the tourism sector in the region. Local governments are developing municipal programs for the development of rural tourism. Moreover, the government of the Penza region intends to subsidize the most interesting investment projects.
Rosselkhozbank has already announced its readiness to consider applications for lending to cooperatives for the development of rural tourism, folk crafts and folk villages in the amount of 1 million rubles.
Attention to the development of rural, cultural, educational and eco-Development of ecotourism: a regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, logical tourism was also applied in the Perm Territory. According to experts, the southeastern regions of the region have good potential for this.
According to tour operators, the south-eastern territories of the Kama region, where the underwater Orda Cave, a stone-cutting workshop, the Byvaltsevo fishing and tourist base, and the house-museum of K.M. are located, have the richest potential for the development of cultural, educational, ecological and rural tourism. Sobakina and the Plakun waterfall.
Meanwhile, according to the head of the tourism development department of the Ministry of Trade and Entrepreneurship Development of the Perm Territory, this area is still not a priority: business tourism ranks first among types of recreation in the region, and the second place is steadily occupied by recreation in sanatorium-resort complexes.
However, the region certainly has opportunities for developing rural tourism and promoting this tourism product. So, last year a special information system was created in the region - now a separate portal contains information about all types of tourism products offered in the region.
Bashkiria also paid serious attention to the development of rural tourism. A republican program for the development of this tourism product is being prepared on the basis of Kapova Cave, agrotourism farms Uzyan, Burzyan, Shulgan, Kutan. Thus, the republican government intends to solve the problems of employment of the rural population, replenish the local treasury, and also reduce the number of unorganized tourists who negatively affect the environment.
The development of rural tourism in the region is also provided for by the target program “Development of a modern tourism complex in the Kirov region” for 2009-2013. According to the regional government, tourism should become an effective and profitable sector of the economy, a reliable source of budget funding and an incentive for the development of small businesses.
The Nizhny Novgorod state enterprise “Art Crafts” presented in Paris a specially developed tourist program for French people studying Russian.
The uniqueness of the program lies in the fact that its participants will be able to completely immerse themselves in the Russian linguistic and sociocultural environment. They will be given the opportunity to live in villages, go hunting and fishing, and learn from the inside about the history and life of the Nizhny Novgorod region. From Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, potential participants have already received requests to take personal part in winter swimming, making moonshine, playing the accordion, milking a cow, driving a combine harvester, etc. Private tourist accommodation facilities are part of the accommodation services sector and can be divided into several types:
Hotels at home B&B (Bed & Breakfast - “bed and breakfast”);
Homestay (B&B homestay);
Accommodation in a village family (B&B farmstay);
Commercial (B&B INNs);
Holidays in the countryside (B&B Farm vacation);
Vacation in a cottage (B&B cottage);
Accommodation in an apartment (B&B apartment).
Rural tourism, like ecological or extreme tourism, is becoming more and more interesting today, but it will never become widespread, so it’s not worth betting on a large flow of tourists here.
Rural tourism is a relatively young tourist destination in Russia, and it is not as developed as in many foreign countries. The fundamental factor in organizing this type of vacation is the choice of environmentally friendly places where you feel close to nature, clean air, a favorable environment, hospitable local residents and opportunities for a variety of activities: fishing, hunting, horse riding, picking berries and mushrooms, etc. There are many such places on the territory of the Volga Federal District, which in the future can become excellent bases for agricultural and agricultural recreation for many residents of megalopolises who are tired of the city bustle.
With thoughtful organization, this direction can become a good support for the local population, who will become participants in the process, working as tour guides, tour guides, etc. First of all, infrastructure is needed - “after all, agricultural tourism does not replace comfort”; all conditions for a safe and comfortable stay must be created: a first-aid post, bathrooms, heat, etc. must be available. Also, regions need to think about transport interchanges.
Rural tourism cannot be called a highly profitable business - rather, it is a way to reduce social tension in rural areas by creating new alternative jobs.
At the same time, this is an effective type of tourism activity with development of ecotourism: a regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, a clearly expressed multiplicative, socio-economic and cultural-philosophical effect that meets the needs of a client with an average income and takes into account the characteristics of his lifestyle, psychological, cultural, spiritual needs and values.
The popularity of ecological and rural tourism is growing all over the world and the Republic of Mari El is no exception. Tourists increasingly want to learn about the cultural values, customs of the local population and their way of life. The territories of Medvedevsky, Kilemarsky, Zvenigovsky and Novotoryalsky districts have the necessary potential for the development of rural tourism.
Subjects of the Volga Federal District positioning themselves in this tourism market: the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Mari El, the Republic of Udmurtia, the Republic of Chuvashia, the Perm Territory, the Kirov Region, the Nizhny Novgorod Region, the Orenburg Region, the Penza Region, the Samara Region, the Saratov Region, the Ulyanovsk Region.
Strengths of development of ecological and rural tourism:
Availability of unique natural resources;
Availability of traditional resources: 14 reserves; 2 reservoirs; 8 national parks;
Possibility of developing rural tourism and a system of private hotels.
Weaknesses in the development of ecological and rural tourism:
Lack of infrastructure, parking lots, trails, and observation platforms are not equipped;
There is no system for regulating anthropogenic loads;
Lack of initial investment among the rural population;
Lack of a microcredit program for rural residents who want to start a business in the tourism sector.
Business tourism The development of business tourism is of particular interest to Russia. Currently, about 70 percent of the total volume of business trips occurs in the Central and Northwestern Federal Districts. At the same time, the business activity of other federal districts, including the Volga Federal District, and the number of their contacts with foreign countries are constantly growing.
Business tourism or the meetings industry is a capacious concept. In its structure: Development of ecotourism: a regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, two segments are distinguished - classic business trips (BCT) and a segment whose name is formed by the well-known English abbreviation MICE: Meetings - M (meetings), Incentives - I (incentive events), Conventions - C (conferences), Exhibitions - E (exhibitions).
The two segments of the business tourism industry differ both in essence and in formal characteristics. According to the target settings, KDP are business trips for specific official purposes - the implementation of business functions by companies and firms, or trips to conclude new contracts in the business field. MICE events are, as a rule, “service” for the actual business activities of companies (exchange of experience, presentation of goods and services, preparation of future contracts, etc.), i.e. work for the future, or implementation of auxiliary functions (encouraging employees, etc.). Unlike a CDP, which is designed for a small number of participants (it can be called individual), a MICE event, as a rule, brings together a wide range of people.
In general, the structure of business tourism is multifaceted: business trips take a variety of forms, are combined with each other (one trip can pursue several goals), and are combined with generally accepted forms of classical tourism and recreation. Sometimes it is very difficult to separate one segment of business tourism from another.
In the modern structure of international business tourism, classic business trips prevail (70% of all business trips).
The share of trips to congresses and conferences is more than 15%, to exhibitions and fairs - more than 11%. Approximately 3-4% of the trip is incentive tours.
With the beginning of the restructuring of social and economic life, Russia is becoming increasingly involved in the sphere of business tourism. During this period, business tourism in Russia developed chaotically with high positive dynamics. In 2005, Rosstat registered 3.2 million arrivals of foreign tourists for business purposes (14.4% of the total inbound flow) and 2.4 million business trips of Russian citizens abroad (8.4% of the total outbound flow). Intraregional (intra-European) flows of international business tourists dominate, with a high share of arrivals from the countries of the former USSR.
The richest traditions in organizing scientific forums and party congresses, as well as the generally recognized high scientific potential, largely predetermined Russia's specialization in congress and exhibition business tourism, along with individual KDPs.
They mainly focus on organizing exhibitions and conferences. Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, rents specialized in relevant industries, and on individual, mainly internal control centers.
The potential annual additional demand for this type of tourism is more than 5 million people.
As an example, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, active exhibition, fair and congress activities of a number of Nizhny Novgorod organizations, including the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, can become resources for the development of business tourism. The fair annually hosts more than 70 exhibitions, forums and congresses of interregional and international significance.
Subjects of the Volga Federal District positioning themselves in this tourism market: Republic of Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod region.
Tourism with an active mode of transportation In Russia there is great potential for the development of active tourism (skiing, hiking, water, mountain, cycling, sailing, horseback riding). The pace of development in this area is very high, which allows us to predict the further active development of both skiing and other types of active tourism.
The potential increase in the number of tourists interested in such types of tourism is estimated at 2.5 million people annually.
The Mari region can be considered a region where this type of tourism has developed in recent years - these are kayaking and horse riding routes, hiking and skiing.
Particularly popular and beloved in the Kirov region winter views sports In January, athletes come to Kirov to compete in jumping from the 90-meter Kirov springboard. Speedway competitions and snowmobile races are held in the region. Every March, international ice climbing competitions are held in Kirov.
Thousands of fans come to the Rodina stadium during matches of the Russian Bandy Championship. The Youth Bandy World Championship has already been held in Kirov twice. In addition, water tourism routes (both category and weekend) have been developed and operate in the Kirov region, providing for rafting along the rivers and lakes of the region.
Subjects of the Volga Federal District positioning themselves in this tourism market: Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Mari El, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Udmurtia, Perm Territory, Kirov Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Orenburg Region, Penza Development of ecotourism: regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, Samara Region, Saratov Region, Ulyanovsk Region.
Religious tourism and pilgrimage Religious tourism is one of the most dynamically developing and promising areas of tourism in recent times. Pilgrimage and religious tourism are not the same thing. This distinction is based on different motivations, says Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after.
Plekhanov Sergei Skobkin. The purpose of the pilgrimage is “sacred, worship of shrines, it necessarily begins with the blessing of the clergyman, spiritual feat is the main component”; a pilgrim goes to distant shrines when “he lacks the ceremonial activities at his place of residence.” Religious tourism involves “visiting shrines for educational purposes”, without participating in religious ceremonies.
On the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region there is a unique spiritual center, which among believers is considered the only one in Russia and the fourth in the world, after the holy Mount Athos, Iberia (Georgia) and the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, the destiny of the Mother of God on Earth.
This is the village of Diveevo, where the Holy Trinity Seraphim-Diveevo Monastery is located, in which the relics of the great Russian saint Seraphim of Sarov rest.
There are 12 monasteries in the Nizhny Novgorod region: 3 in N. Novgorod:
Pechersky, Blagoveshchensky, Holy Cross and 9 in the region:
Holy Trinity-Seraphim-Divevo Monastery in Diveevo (including monasteries: Pokrovsky in the village of Kanerga, St. Nicholas in the village of Avtodeevo, Znamensky in the village of Khripunovo and the monastery at the source of the village of Khitry), Seraphim-Ponetaevsky in the village. Ponetaevka, Shatkovsky district, Bogoroditsky in the village. Kutuzovka, Ardatovsky district); Makarievsky Zheltovodsky Trinity Monastery; Oransky Bogoroditsky Monastery, dedicated to the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God in the village. Oranki Bogorodsky district;
Dalne-Davydovsky (Vachsky district); Vysokovsko-Uspensky Monastery in the village of Vysokovo and Trinity Monastery in the village.
Belbazh (Koverninsky district), Nikolaevsky St. George Ababkovsky Monastery (Pavlovsky district); Nikolsky and Spassky monasteries in Arzamas, as well as Florishcheva Monasteries. The city of Arzamas may be of particular interest to the religious tourism segment. In the city itself alone there are 17 churches and 16 are in the Arzamas region, several more are being restored. A unique object of religious tourism is the Development of Ecotourism: a regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, the Resurrection Cathedral in Arzamas and the Cathedral of the Smolensk Mother of God in the village. Exit, where paintings made by artists of the first provincial school of painting in Russia, created by A.V., have been preserved. Stupin. In the Nizhny Novgorod region there are also several hundred churches of the 16th-20th centuries.
A unique route for religious, cultural and educational tourism can become a page in the history of Russian Orthodox Church era of the 17th century, associated with the schism that occurred as a result of church reform and the life of two prominent personalities of that time, Patriarch Nikon and Archpriest Avvakum. It is the Nizhny Novgorod region that is the birthplace of these two figures, who were born in neighboring villages, emerged from the walls of the Makaryevsky Monastery, and as a result turned out to be the two main ideologists of the church. In the Nizhny Novgorod region there are quite a lot of places connected with the history of the Old Believers and familiar from the works of P.I. Melnikov-Pechersky “In the forests”, “On the mountains”, etc.
Subjects of the Volga Federal District positioning themselves in this tourism market:
Republic of Tatarstan, Perm region, Kirov region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Penza region, Samara region.
Hunting and fishing tourism Hunting tourism is a fairly highly profitable and promising segment of the tourism market, and the development of this type of tourism is important for the development of rural areas where there is no industry or large enterprises. In the implementation of a complex of basic and additional services of hunting and fishing tourism, the rural population can be actively involved, ready to provide accommodation services, catering, and guides.
This industry is one of the most promising in the Penza region. The rich nature opens up a lot of opportunities for vacationers: hunting, fishing, horseback riding, swimming in a real Russian bathhouse. Therefore, now the region is actively building and improving all kinds of tourist centers. At the camp site " Chistye Prudy» you can go fishing, swim in crystal clear water, ride a pedalo, there are well-equipped beaches, a restaurant, a kebab shop, and parking. Elite recreation will be provided by the Russian Hunt tourist complex. When you find yourself in this corner of the forest surrounding the village of Akhuny, you cannot believe that just a few years ago there was only a wetland and an old riverbed of the Sura overgrown with mud. For the development of ecotourism: a regional model. Using the example of the Volga Federal District, an earthly paradise for lovers of outdoor recreation arose here in a short time:
neat wooden houses, several ponds with equipped places for fishing, gazebos, a swimming pool, a shooting range, and an artificial waterfall.
And all this beauty is located just fifteen kilometers from the regional center. The leadership of the Penza region offers a number of interesting projects for potential investors in the tourism sector. The hilly landscape is one of the natural features of the Sur region. On one of these hills in the Nizhnelomovsky district it is located ski slope"Ivushka." It is equipped according to the most modern requirements and is located in the very north of the region. In the near future, it is planned to build an ultra-modern hotel complex “Iva”. The construction of a number of new facilities is planned: the “Fisherman’s House” on the Vadinsky reservoir, recreation areas in the Shemysheysky and Serdobsky districts, tourist and hotel complexes in the Narovchatsky, Bekovsky and Nikolsky districts. All these objects located in picturesque places, will provide guests of the region with a comfortable stay at any time of the year.
The northwestern and northeastern parts of the Nizhny Novgorod region are represented mainly by untouched dense forests of the southern taiga.
This zone includes Sokolsky, Koverninsky, Semenovsky, Krasnobakovsky, Voskresensky, Varnavinsky, Vetluzhsky and other areas. Quite a lot of game species of mammals live here: elk, hare, brown bear, wolf, fox, badger, squirrel, lynx, otter, mink, beaver, etc., as well as birds: hazel grouse, black grouse, wood grouse, duck, etc. There are about 70 hunting farms in the region. The presence of natural resources in the Nizhny Novgorod region allows, with the creation of the appropriate infrastructure, to develop hunting tourism. The presence of a large number of rivers, streams and lakes where fish species such as pike perch, sterlet, asp, catfish, pike, bream, crucian carp, carp, and perch are found favors the development of fishing tourism.
The Kirov Region is known to hunters from many countries around the world. The area of hunting grounds in the region is about 11 million hectares. Every year more than 200 hunters and fishermen from abroad come to these places.
Subjects of the Volga Federal District positioning themselves in this tourism market: Kirov region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Penza region.
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CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNIC TOURISM
Nekhaeva Natalya Evgenevna
Ph.D. geogr. Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International and Regional Tourism, Mordovian State University. N. P. Ogareva,
RF, Saransk
E-mail: nne@ bk. ru
Gurkina Evgenia Nikolaevna
Postgraduate student of the Department of International and Regional Tourism
Mordovian State University named after. N. P. Ogareva,
RF, Saransk
E-mail: evgenagurkina@ yandex. ru
CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNIC TOURISM
Nekhaeva Natalia
candidate of geographical science, associated professor of International and Regional Tourism Chair Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogaryov,
Russia, Saransk
Gurkina Evgenia
post graduate studentof International and Regional Tourism Chair
Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogaryov,
Russia,
Saransk
ANNOTATION
The article examines the cultural aspects of various peoples inhabiting the regions of the Volga Federal District, which can become the basis for the development of ethnic tourism.
ABSTRACT
The article discusses the cultural aspects of the various peoples inhabiting the regions of the Volga Federal district, which can be the basis for the development of ethnic tourism.
Keywords: culture; cultural heritage; ethnic tourism; regions of the Volga Federal District.
Keywords: culture; cultural heritage; ethnic tourism; the regions of the Volga Federal district.
Currently, tourism is one of the dynamically developing sectors of the world economy, where ethnic tourism plays an important role. It awakens interest in culture, traditions, and contributes to the revival and preservation of cultural heritage. Today, national policy and the development of national languages, both in Russia and in the world, are one of the main priorities, due to which, perhaps, an increasing number of tourists are becoming actively interested in the complex multinational culture of Russia.
Getting to know the culture and traditions of different ethnic groups is the most important part of ethnic tourism. Traditions are a system of values, norms of behavior, positions and principles of relationships between people. Characteristics of folk traditions include an analysis of existing traditions, determination of their place in the life of the country and linkage to specific territories and ethnic groups.
One of the most developed industrial and agricultural regions of Russia, with significant potential for the development of ethnic tourism, is the Volga Federal District. According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, the Volga Federal District is home to a multinational population - 21.3% of the total number of citizens of the country, 140 representatives of various nations, nationalities, ethnic groups. This indicates the great cultural potential of the district. This determines the relevance of this article.
Analyzing the current state of ethnic tourism and the level of development of ethnic-oriented tourism in Russian regions, Tikhonova T.Yu. conditionally groups them as follows:
$11. regions that are actively developing ethno-tourism and have the necessary ethno-cultural potential and a sufficiently developed tourist infrastructure for this (Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, partially Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories);
$12. regions that are attractive and promising for the development of ethno-tourism, but have an underdeveloped tourism infrastructure (Khabarovsk Territory, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Komi Republic, the Volga region, the North of the European part of Russia, the Baikal region, the Altai Republic, the republics of the North Caucasus, the Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin, republics Khakassia and Mari El, Chuvash Republic).
The subjects that are part of the Volga Federal District belong to the latter type of region. The national composition of the Volga Federal District and the cultural heritage of the peoples living on its territory are very rich, have similar features, but at the same time differ in their characteristic features. Let's consider the possibilities of the regions of the Volga Federal District for the development of ethnic tourism.
The Republic of Mordovia is one of the regions of the Volga Federal District that has potential for the development of ethnic tourism. This is no coincidence; Russians, Mordovians, Tatars, Ukrainians, etc. live on its territory. Currently, the following centers of national culture operate in Mordovia: Podlesnaya Tavla (Kochkurovsky district), village. Nizovka, village Urusovo (Ardatovsky district), village. Staraya Terizmorga (Staroshaigovsky district), village. Rybkino (Kovylkinsky district), village. Kochetovka (Insarsky district) in which you can get acquainted with the peculiarities of life, crafts, clothing, and rituals of the Mordovian people.
About 20% of the crafts of all of Russia are concentrated in the Nizhny Novgorod region, including the world famous golden Khokhloma, Semenovskaya matryoshka, gold embroidery, Gorodets, Polkhovsko-Maidan painting, weaving, guipure, filigree, knifemaking, woodworking and other crafts. In many areas of the region, from 50 to 200 craftsmen work in the field of folk arts and crafts, decorative and applied arts. A clear confirmation of this is the amazing fairy-tale city-museum of Gorodets.
The Republic of Mari El is also ethnically interesting. The Mari are one of the few peoples of Europe who have preserved paganism and religious objects associated with it. In addition, the Republic of Mari El represents a unique experience of the coexistence of paganism, Christianity and Islam. The ethnographic open-air museum in Kosmodemyansk is very popular.
Tolerant multicultural region - Orenburg region. Representatives of more than one hundred ethnic groups live on its territory. Important for the development of ethnotourism in general is the level of urbanization of the region - 58%, since this type of tourism is implemented mainly in rural areas. In the Orenburg region, it is possible to organize tours from Germany to German villages founded by Germans who have preserved elements of their culture and way of life.
Active work on the organization of museum complexes of ethnic orientation: the open-air museum “Bogatyrskaya Sloboda”, the ethnographic museum “Gornitsa” and others is underway in the Samara region. This region is one of the most multinational regions of our country.
Due to historical and social factors, the Republic of Tatarstan has great potential for the development of ethnic tourism. The nostalgic direction - trips to the historical homeland, is very relevant for the region. Most ethnic Tatars live outside the republic. Tatarstan is the center of the Tatar world. The purpose of visits can be not only meetings with relatives, but also visits to significant events in the cultural world - Sabantuy, holidays, anniversaries, concerts. Appeal to the national factor will allow preserving the language, history, and traditions of the Tatar people. Ethnic tourism is developing successfully in the Yelabuga region of the republic; holding the international ethnic festival “Krutushka” has become traditional.
Ethnic tourism in the Ulyanovsk region is represented by a wide range of craft specialties. It can be argued that in this region, the problems of the development of handicrafts, the revival of a number of folk crafts, which are directly related to the spirituality, culture of the people, and the attractiveness of the province with its original flavor, are becoming actual. Experts hope that a powerful impetus for the development of handicrafts in the Ulyanovsk region will be given by the Crafts Center, which they plan to build near the village. New Bedenga in the Ulyanovsk region.
The list of priority areas for tourism development in the Chuvash Republic includes ethnic tourism. Of great interest to tourists and the greatest value on the Chuvash land are the Chuvash people with their national traditions and rituals. In the village of Ibresi there is an open-air ethnographic museum; It is planned to create a tourist cluster “Ethnic Chuvashia”.
Thus, having analyzed the potential for the development of ethnic tourism in the regions of the Volga Federal District, we came to the conclusion that most of them have sufficient opportunities for the development of this type of tourism on their territory, but not all existing facilities are involved in the tourism industry. The development of ethnic tourism in the regions of the Volga Federal District should become a priority, since these regions have been little studied, but have great potential. In many ways, the current state is determined by the saturation and material and technical condition of tourist infrastructure, as well as the position and activity of the population and authorities. Further study of this type of tourism in the Volga Federal District will help preserve the historical and cultural heritage of indigenous populations, arouse interest from tourists and, in general, solve a number of economic and social problems associated with the effective use of tourism resources.
Bibliography:
- All-Russian population census 2010. - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://www.perepis-2010.ru/
- Gurkina E.N. Prospects for the development of tourism in the Volga Federal District / E.N. Gurkina, N.E. Nekhaeva // Ogarev-Online, - 2014. - No. 18 (32). - P. 3.
- Zhulina M.A. Priority types of tourism development in the Republic of Mordovia / M.A. Zhulina, N.E. Nekhaeva, N.A. Emelyanova, N.Yu. Prasalova, S.V. Saraikina // News of Smolensk State University, Smolensk, - 2011. - No. 4 (16). - P. 47-55.
- Nekhaeva N.E. Interregional ethnic route as an innovative tourist product / N.E. Nekhaeva, E.N. Gurkina // Innovations in science, - 2014. - No. 31-2. - pp. 119-124.
- Regional target program “Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2012-2016.” - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/944955460
- Official tourist information portal of the Republic of Mordovia. - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://turizmrm.ru/
- Tikhonova T. Yu. Ethnic tourism in the development of regions. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://www.rusnauka.com/17_AVSN_2012/Geographia/1_112134.doc.htm
- Tourist library. All about tourism. Ethnic tourism. - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://tourlib.net/statti_tourism/ethnic_tourism.htm
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