Words related to tourism. Tourist terminology
TOPIC 1.
Block 1:
Tourism manager - who is this?
Tour operator and travel agency - what is the difference?
Basic concepts in tourism. Terms and Definitions.
System of international designations.
Block 2:
Contractual relationship between the tour operator and the tour. agency, rights and obligations of the tour operator and tour. agencies, contract sanctions, booking conditions, re-booking, tour cancellations.
Scheme of work of a travel agency.
DZ: learn abbreviations.
This is a man who, if he sleeps, does so only with his phone. A person who works on holidays, weekends and after work J
I AM A TRAVEL AGENT
This is a specialist in the tourism industry who organizes tourist trips for clients. A person who coordinates the work of the people and organizations involved.
The tourism manager makes our dreams come true about the vacation that each of us looks forward to. From the outside, it seems that this is the most romantic and interesting profession - a holiday every day, the opportunity to travel to distant countries on duty.
But these are different things - to relax on your own or to competently organize a problem-free vacation, which depends on many people and circumstances.
The responsibilities of specialists in this field include conversations with clients and advising them on the choice of tours, booking airline tickets, hotels for them, obtaining insurance and other necessary documents.
The manager is constantly in contact with airlines, insurance agents, hosts, various travel agencies. Conducts marketing research market of tourism services and finds the most advantageous offers in terms of payment, timing and quality of work of the host party.
Promptly resolves emerging problem situations. The manager must have complete information about the country to which he sends people, know the preferences of his clients, so that in the absence of the necessary vouchers, he can offer an interesting replacement.
A typical workday often takes place in the office at the workplace (except for those managers who directly accompany the teams). The manager communicates with clients, negotiates, works on the Internet.
One of the advantages of the profession is the opportunity to go on vacation to various countries much cheaper than usual: on last-minute tours or special offers.
Tour operator and travel agency - what is the difference?
The operator is involved in the organization: negotiates with hotels for certain discounts, buys a block of seats on the plane from charter airlines, makes reservations and prepayments, organizes transfers, hires animators. Tour operators sell tours through travel agencies, i.e. The travel agency sells all this.
Many people do not understand why they should go to a travel agency when they can go straight to a tour operator. The advantage is that the travel agency works with many tour operators and can find a cheaper offer for a specific date and place.
It must be borne in mind that travel agencies almost never sell tours at a higher price than the tour operator itself. They sign the contract and do not have the right to inflate prices. Travel agencies make money from the difference in discounts. And the discount may vary depending on how they have proven themselves. Therefore, essentially the prices are the same everywhere you go.
BASIC CONCEPTS OF TOURISM
In Russia, in accordance with the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in Russian Federation» dated November 24, 1996, the following definitions of basic concepts were adopted:
tourism- temporary trips (travels) of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons (hereinafter referred to as citizens) from a permanent place of residence for recreational, educational, professional, business, sports, religious and other purposes without engaging in paid activities in the country (place) of temporary stay;
tourism activities- tour operator and travel agent activities, as well as other travel organization activities;
domestic tourism- travel within the Russian Federation by persons permanently residing in the Russian Federation;
outbound tourism- travel of persons permanently residing in the Russian Federation to another country;
inbound tourism- travel within the Russian Federation by persons not permanently residing in the Russian Federation;
tourism social- travel subsidized from funds allocated by the state for social needs;
international tourism– outbound or inbound tourism;
amateur tourism- travel using active modes of transportation, organized by tourists independently;
tourist- a citizen visiting the country (place) of temporary stay for health, educational, professional, business, sports, religious and other purposes without engaging in paid activities for a period from 24 hours to 6 months in a row or spending at least one overnight stay;
tourism resources- natural, historical, socio-cultural objects, including objects of tourist display, as well as other objects that can satisfy the spiritual needs of tourists, contribute to the restoration and development of their physical strength;
tourism industry- a set of hotels and other accommodation facilities, facilities, transport, public catering facilities, entertainment facilities and means, educational, business, recreational, sports and other facilities, organizations engaged in tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as organizations providing excursion services and services guides-translators;
tour- a range of services for accommodation, transportation, meals for tourists, excursion services, as well as the services of guides-translators and other services provided depending on the purpose of the trip;
tourism product- the right to a tour intended for sale to tourists;
promotion of tourism product- a set of measures aimed at selling a tourism product (advertising, participation in specialized exhibitions, fairs, organization of tourist information centers for the sale of tourism products, publication of catalogs, booklets, etc.);
tour operator activities- activities for the formation, promotion and sale of a tourist product, carried out on the basis of a license by a legal entity or individual entrepreneur (hereinafter referred to as a tour operator);
travel agency activity- activities for the promotion and sale of a tourist product, carried out on the basis of a license by a legal entity or individual entrepreneur (hereinafter referred to as a travel agent);
guide-translator services- activities of a professionally trained individual to familiarize tourists with tourism resources in the country (place) of temporary stay;
tourist package- a document confirming the fact of transfer of the tourism product;
tourist voucher- a document establishing the tourist’s right to services included in the tour and confirming the fact of their provision.
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:
A tourist route: city of departure - City of hotel (or all stops) - city of arrival (example Moscow - Antalya - Moscow, but we will vacation in Alanya).
A tourist route Moscow-Antalya-Alania-Moscow
Air travel: city of departure from Russia - city of arrival and departure from the country - city of arrival in Russia. Moscow – Antalya - Moscow
Accommodation in hotels on a “back to back” basis 1 a profitable way to check into a hotel, in which one group leaves, another arrives on the same day and the rooms are never empty.
E-ticket electronic air ticket assignment to a certain tourist (passenger) of places in hotels or on Vehicle ah, tickets to cultural events for a specific date.
Cancellation- Cancellation of the trip. The conditions for refusal are specified in the contract.
Booking– assigning a place in a hotel, a ticket for any type of transport or a pass to an event to a tourist. Produced on a specific date or period of time.
ATOR– Association of Tour Operators of Russia, in which this moment includes about 50 of the country's largest tour operators, controlling about 70% of the total tourist flow.
Apartments (apart-hotel)- a type of hotel room whose design is similar to that of modern apartments, including places for preparing food (the cost of food is usually not included in the room price).
Business-tour- A type of travel that is necessary for business people and may require special services, for example a meeting room, secretarial services.
Bungalow- A small tourist hotel (usually a building made of light materials on the seashore). Distributed in youth tour centers.
Voucher- Document on the basis of which the service is provided foreign tourists and settlements with companies are made.
Visa- An official mark (consulate stamp, etc.) in a foreign passport, giving the right to enter the country with the obligatory condition of an exit mark.
Guide- A specialist in conducting excursions with tourists, who has a license to do so.
Hot sheet- A sheet containing information about lost or stolen credit cards, which is sent to hotels and other organizations where credit cards are used.
Last minute tours– vouchers with a limited period of sale, sold at a discount. A guide is a person who accompanies a tourist along a certain tourist route. His responsibilities may include both demonstrating attractions and taking care of the everyday life of tourists.
Hotel chain- One of the chain, franchise or other hotel systems, whose members enjoy special privileges, especially in the national reservation system.
Guest check- A receipt presented to the owner of a restaurant or bar is often used as part of a voucher.
Customs declaration- A document issued by customs services, containing information about the tourist’s luggage, currency availability and filled out by the tourist when crossing the border.
Travel check - a bank payment instrument that can be exchanged for cash in the currency in which it is issued, or for an equivalent amount in foreign currency at the current exchange rate. Banks issuing traveler's checks guarantee a full refund in case of loss of these checks as a result of theft, destruction, etc.
Group travel documents- Transport papers issued for a group of tourists and confirming the group’s right to travel in this transport (tickets, tour packages with a tear-off coupon, etc.).
Duty free ( duty free) - a system of duty-free trade at airports, on board airplanes, ferries and other vehicles, or in certain places visited by foreigners (usually cigarettes, wine, perfumes and souvenirs).
Green corridor - place of border crossing for the transportation of things not subject to mandatory customs declaration
Information check- Alphabetical sheet where registered guests are written down according to room numbers.
Infrastructure- Roads, parking lots: wastewater drainage, sewerage, water supply, electricity - everything necessary for full-fledged living in this area. Used by tourists and local residents.
Caravan tourism- A type of auto tourism in which a self-propelled van or caravan attached to a car is used as a means of accommodation.
Coasting price- Reduced price for residents of a certain country traveling within that country.
Arrival map- A form filled out by a tourist upon arrival in another country and presented at the border checkpoint.
Tour operator catalog- Information and advertising brochure of the tour operator, containing detailed characteristics of its inclusive tours.
Camping- a camp for autotourists, located in a rural area or in a recreation area, equipped with tents or other summer-type structures, a parking lot, a water supply and sewerage system, and equipped with cooking facilities.
Commercial norm- reduced rate for a regular customer in whom the hotel is interested, for the occupancy of hotel rooms.
Room sheet - a name sheet used by the hotel for pre-registration of groups, as well as for organizing relaxation evenings.
Room service- the hotel has services for delivering food, drinks, and correspondence to your room.
Comprehensive service– a standard set of tourist services, usually including meeting and seeing off, hotel accommodation, meals and excursion services.
Cruise– a tourist trip on a specific vehicle used as a means of transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, etc.
Resort fee – in the Russian Federation – a local tax, the payers of which are individuals arriving in resort areas.
Low cost– the general name of airlines whose flights, part or all, are considered low-cost.
Route– a pre-planned order of movement of a tourist or vehicle.
Mini bar– a small refrigerator in the room with alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks; usually for an additional fee.
Motel- Hotel serving motor tourists.
Exchange voucher- a legal document that reflects all aspects of the relationship between a tourist and any tourism organization.
Overbooking - overbooking, when a service provider (airline, hotel) assumes more obligations than it can fulfill.
OVIR- Visa and registration department. Issues general civil (district, regional and republican OVIR) and diplomatic (under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) foreign passports.
Compulsory medical insurance- compulsory health insurance for Russian citizens.
Organized tourism– trip organized travel companies along the standard route.
Pension- a small hotel owned by one or more private individuals, who also act here as service personnel.
Boarding pass - a card issued to passengers of air and water transport. It is handed over to the control service upon landing.
Travel package- a document confirming payment for services on the route and being the basis for the provision of these services.
Checkout time- the moment of the beginning (end) of the day (usually 12.00 noon), before which the hotel client is obliged to vacate the room or pay in whole or in part for the next overnight stay.
Complaint- A tourist’s application sent to the office of the company selling the tour if there is a discrepancy between the paid and actually provided services. Based on the complaint, a protocol is drawn up. If the fact of non-compliance is proven, compensation for damage must follow.
Registration card– a document that is issued to a tourist upon entry into another country and which the tourist must hand over upon departure. This procedure confirms that the border crossing was legal and authorized by the authorities of the receiving country.
Regular flight – a regular flight that operates in accordance with a predetermined schedule.
Reception– hotel reception desk.
Room service– hotel room service
Fortuna system- a package of travel services at a discount, in which only the approximate region of residence and hotel category are stated. More specific information about the hotel becomes known only upon arrival at the vacation spot. This system is optimal for beach holiday in Turkey, Egypt and Mediterranean countries.
Ski pass - permission or pass to use ski lifts in a certain place for descent to alpine skiing or snowboarding.
Snorkeling– swimming in equipment, fins, mask and snorkel.
Accompanying - An employee of a travel company whose responsibilities include accompanying tourists along the route, organizing accommodation, meals and transportation.
Insurance- Insurance conditions are specified in detail in the insurance policy. An insurance policy is a document that provides guaranteed medical care in the event of illness or injury. To enter some countries, insurance is required.
Tax free ( tax free)- a system of partial refund of value added tax in a number of countries when purchasing and exporting goods by foreigners. As a rule, it is used in large stores when purchasing goods over a certain amount. Money can be returned upon crossing the border or in the country of permanent residence.
Thalassotherapy– a set of health procedures using medicinal properties sea water, mud and organisms living in them.
Customs declaration- a written or oral statement from tourists to customs authorities when crossing the border, containing information about the things and objects transported by tourists.
Customs declaration - a tax imposed on certain goods passing through the borders of a country.
Transit- Transport of passengers from one country to another through an intermediate country.
Transfer- Meeting or seeing off at the airport (train station).
Tour- Individual or group trip, consisting of a range of services (transportation, hotel accommodation, excursions, transfer, meals).
Travel agent- A guide organization engaged in the implementation of tours formed by the tour operator. Most of profit comes from commissions earned from the sale of tours.
Tour operator- A company specializing in planning and organizing tours ( tourist routes) and selling travel packages through travel agents or directly to tourists.
Tour package- Tourist plan (route), covering the main elements of recreation: transport, accommodation, excursions and other services.
Force Majeure - a circumstance the occurrence of which could not be prevented by the party responsible for fulfilling the obligation, and which is the reason for the failure to fulfill the latter (for example, war, natural disaster, etc.).
Hostel - a type of hotel with a small range of services.
Charter- Wholesale purchase of an aircraft for transporting passengers or cargo. Charter flights are scheduled for a specific time, on a specific day, at a specifically ordered location.
Chartered flight- A flight booked exclusively for a special group of people who belong to one organization or whose flight is organized on one behalf (for example, by a tour operator). Charter flights usually much cheaper than regularly scheduled airline flights. These flights may be operated by additional aircraft or aircraft operating scheduled flights.
Schengen visa– a single visa that gives the right to freely move throughout the territory of the Schengen countries (Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Greece) during the validity period of the visa.
Shop tour - a tourist trip, the purpose of which is to purchase certain types of goods characteristic of the host country.
Reductions in tourism
Types of food in hotels
OB or VO (only bed)– no meals, only hotel accommodation
BB (bed & breakfast)– a diet that includes breakfast at the hotel. This can be a buffet or continental breakfast
BBT– hotel accommodation with breakfast and treatment.
HB (half board)– half board, 2 meals a day at the hotel. Usually this is breakfast and dinner, but some hotels may have breakfast and lunch. Drinks at lunch and dinner are usually not included in the price.
HB+- extended half board
HBT- hotel accommodation with half board and treatment.
FB (full board)- full board, 3 meals a day at the hotel (breakfast + lunch + dinner). Drinks at lunch and dinner are usually not included in the price.
FB+- extended full board with local drinks during meals.
FBT– hotel accommodation with full board and treatment.
Mini ALL or (mini all inclusive)- full board with locally produced drinks not only during meals, but in limited quantities (usually beer, wine).
Max inclusive- a type of all inclusive service system, the list of additional services can be significantly expanded and includes free use of a sauna, hairdresser, various sports, etc.
ALL (all inclusive)- all inclusive, hotel service system, meal plan, including not only 3 meals a day, but also additional services such as a light breakfast, snacks, light dinner. Drinks are included in the price. Sometimes these may only be locally produced drinks, while foreign ones are sold for an additional fee.
UAI, ULTRA ALL INC (ultra all inclusive)- meals throughout the day, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks of local and imported production in unlimited quantities throughout the day + additional services at the discretion of the hotel administration.
ULTRA ALL INC varieties: elegance all inc, VIP all inc. super all inc, deluxe all Inc, VC all inc, superior all inc, mega all inc, superior all inc VIP service, royal class all inc, ultra deluxe all inc, extended all inc, excellent all inc, max all inc, high class all inc imperial all inc
A-LA CARTE- a menu in which each dish is indicated with its own separate price.
MENU- a la carte meals - a limited number of dishes from the menu, usually at dinner, to choose from (vegetable or meat salad, fish or meat).
Buffet food is a type of self-service in restaurants and cafes, characterized in that visitors, for a single average fee, receive any number of dishes of their choice from those offered, pre-displayed in the hall.
Meals "a la carte"– the tourist is given the opportunity to choose 2-3 dishes from the proposed menu. As a rule, a choice of appetizer, main menu and dessert is offered.
Continental breakfast– light breakfast consisting of coffee (tea), juice, buns, butter and jam. Typically offered in European city hotels.
English breakfast- full breakfast, usually includes fruit juice, ham and eggs, toast, butter, jam and coffee or tea.
American breakfast buffet- analogue of a continental breakfast + various cuts (sausages, cheeses) and hot dishes (omelet, sausages).
Types of hotel buildings
MB (main building)- main building, central building.
New Building- new building.
APT (appartment)- the type of rooms that, in addition to the living area, have an area equipped with a kitchen corner, with a set of dishes, an electric stove, and a kettle, as a rule, are sold without meals.
BGLW (bungalow)- bungalow - a separate building used to accommodate tourists, often offered in tropical and southern countries
VILLA- villa, separate building (may include several separate rooms), VIP level, which usually has an advantage over other types of accommodation - its own garden, its own swimming pool, large area, exclusive location in the hotel, privacy from other tourists.
Jacuzzi villa– villa with jacuzzi.
HV( Holiday Village) - a club hotel, which is a bungalow complex located on a large area and offering a large selection of sports and entertainment activities. There are HV-1, HV-2 - clubs of categories 1 and 2, they differ in the range of services provided free of charge.
Cabana- a building on the beach (or near the pool), like a bungalow, standing separately from the main building and sometimes equipped as a bedroom.
Chalet- chalet, a separate house, usually in the mountains, consisting of 2 or more rooms.
Residence- a separate building such as a bungalow.
Executive floor- one or more floors in a hotel with a higher level of service, as well as an additional set of services.
Classification of hotel rooms
Balcony Room- room with balcony.
Connected Room– the room is connected to another room by an adjoining door (a very convenient option when accommodating one company/family who want to stay in adjacent rooms).
Duplex– two-story, two-level room.
De Luxe- numbers increased comfort, luxury category, larger area than superior.
Family Room- a family room that can accommodate 4 or more people, with a large area (often consisting of several rooms).
Sitting area- relaxation area - part of the room where there are armchairs, a coffee table, and sometimes also a sofa.
Standard (STD)- standard one-room room.
Studio- one room larger than standard with its own kitchenette combined with the room.
Suite- a superior room with an improved layout, usually a large room with a seating area.
Superior– superior room.
Mini Suite- superior category room (better than Superior).
Junior Suite- superior room: usually a large comfortable room with a separated sleeping area, which can be converted into a living room during the day.
Senior Suite- superior room, usually two-room: living room and bedroom.
Executive Suite- usually a two-bedroom suite
King Suite– “royal suite”, which has 2 bedrooms, a living room and a meeting room or study.
Honeymoon Room- a room for newlyweds, with a large KING SIZE bed and an additional gift from the hotel.
ROH (run of the house)- accommodation in a hotel without specifying the type of room and view from the window, accommodation is provided in any category of rooms available in the hotel.
In any activity related to international transactions, the most pressing issue is the issue of terms and concepts. Tourist terminology is in constant flux. Although in the field of tourism they use a significant number of special terms and concepts, which basically have not yet received generally accepted recognition, as they continue to develop and improve.
The word "tourism" comes from the French tourisme (tour) - detour, detour, walk, trip, journey. This term has firmly entered into world practice since the second half of the 19th century. At first it meant pedestrian movement for the purpose of a walk, and in the 20th century. gradually acquired universal meaning, covering with this concept any movement of a person for the purpose of recreation, recovery, and knowledge.
There is still no unambiguous approach to the interpretation of the concept of “tourism”. In the scientific literature, the definition of the term “tourism” is presented in the works of domestic and foreign scientists. Most consider tourism as a type of travel where its participants are away from their permanent place of residence for the purpose of recreation, health improvement, etc.
Swiss authors (University of Bern) K. Krapf and V. Gunziker believe that tourism is a set of relationships and phenomena that take place during travel to a certain area, subject to a short stay and non-implementation of activities for the purpose of generating income. Note that this definition has been considered the main one in the West for a long time.
After the Second World War in the Soviet space only from the 60s. Significant scientific works have appeared, where tourism is a special type of population migration, a branch of the economy, and a way of spending time outside of a permanent place of residence.
At the official level there have been many attempts to clarify this concept. Thus, according to the definition adopted by the United Nations in 1954, tourism was interpreted as active recreation that affects the promotion of health and physical development of a person, associated with travel outside the permanent place of residence.
The Manila Tourism Conference (Philippines, 1980) made a great contribution to the formation of the concept of “tourism”. It was considered as one of the species active rest- a trip to explore certain areas of new countries in combination with elements of sports. In addition, the Manila Declaration on the Development of World Tourism declared: tourism should be interpreted as an activity that occupies a prominent place in the pastime of peoples and directly affects the social, cultural, educational, economic and political spheres of life of individual states and their interstate relations.
In 1993, the UN Statistical Commission clarified the concept of tourism, considering it as an activity of travelers, being in places located outside their permanent place of residence, for a period not exceeding a year in a row, but carried out for the purpose of recreation, education, business, etc. P..
In Ukrainian official documents, in particular in the Law of Ukraine “On Tourism”, the following definition is given: “Tourism is the temporary departure of a person from his place of permanent residence for health, educational or professional and business purposes without engaging in paid activities.”
The well-known Ukrainian researcher in the field of tourism geography M. Krachilo considered tourism a type of recreation, active recreation, “... during which restoration of performance is combined with health, educational, sports and cultural and entertainment purposes.”
Some scientists consider tourism a form of population migration associated with temporary movement within the country or from one country to another (V. Preobrazhensky, V. Azar, P. Oldak, Yu. Vedomy), and most economists consider it a special branch of the economy, which refers to the service sector (V. Gerasimenko, V. Matsola, etc.).
In order to establish the meaning of tourism and more fully describe the scope of its activities, it is necessary first of all to identify the various groups of subjects that interact in tourism.
- 1. Tourists. These are people who experience various mental and physical needs, the nature of which determines the directions and types of participation of these people in tourism activities.
- 2. Organizations providing goods and services to tourists. These are entrepreneurs who see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by providing goods and services based on demand in the tourism market.
- 3. Local authorities. They consider tourism as an important economic factor associated with the income that local citizens can receive from this business in the form of taxes going to the local budget.
- 4. Receiving party. The local population perceives tourism primarily as a factor in employment. For this group, the result of interaction with tourists, including foreign ones, is important.
Thus, tourism can be defined as a set of phenomena and relationships that arise from the interaction of tourists, suppliers, local authorities and the local population in the process of tourism activities. Travel and tourism are a complex of related business areas. The profession closest to tourism is the distribution of tours, i.e. the work of travel agencies. Directly involved in tourism are airlines, car rental companies, railways, buses, hotels and restaurants. Related types of business also include financial structures that finance the development of the service sector, etc.
Summarizing the above, we come to the conclusion that the definition of tourism depends significantly on the direction of research, in which socio-cultural, economic and even environmental factors definitely arise. Their skillful combination will bring the definitions of tourism closer to its unambiguous interpretation.
Another of the basic concepts in tourism - “tourist” - has undergone significant changes and clarifications. Its first official interpretation was adopted by the Council of the League of Nations in 1937, which states: a tourist is anyone who travels for 24 hours or more, and if the trip is outside his own country, the traveler is considered an international tourist. According to the decision of the Committee of Experts of the League of Nations, persons in search of work, earnings, or permanent residence, as well as transit travelers and those studying cannot be considered tourists.
After World War II, the International Union of Officials tourist organizations made some amendments to this definition. However, according to Polish researcher W. Gavorecki, these amendments have not yet contributed to a unanimous definition of the concept of “tourist”. After all, every tourist is a traveler, but not every traveler is a tourist. Travelers are united by a certain goal, which may be associated with some kind of expedition, search for work (migrants), etc. For some peoples, in particular nomads, looking for pastures for livestock, this is a way of existence.
The 1957 UN Committee recommended that the definition of "tourist" be unified. From that time on, it became a traveler visiting another country or area outside of his permanent place of residence for more than 24 hours. This wording was subsequently clarified for travel purposes.
At the 1963 UN Rome Conference on International Travel and Tourism, it was proposed to classify tourists into two categories:
- 1. People who visit the country temporarily, over 24 hours, but not only for the purpose of entertainment, but also to obtain vacant jobs, professional activities, improve health, study, participate in conferences, various meetings for religious or sports purposes. The tourists included the crews of planes and ships arriving in the country.
- 2. Excursionists are visitors to an area, region, or country who stayed in them for no more than 24 hours and did not use accommodation facilities, for example, citizens participating in a one-day excursion, or passengers of cruise ships, crews who stay for less than a day.
At the International Conference on Tourism organized by the WTO in Manila (Philippines, October 1980), the concept of "domestic tourist" was considered, but no consensus was reached. The Conference Commission from the national tourism resources of the WTO proposed its definition: a domestic tourist is a person who leaves his place of residence in order to visit a territory located no closer than 80.5 km from his place of permanent residence, for the purpose of entertainment, professional personal needs and others (with the exception of daily) movements from the place of work.
At the present stage, a tourist is considered a person who travels for the purpose of entertainment, improving health, meeting with friends, relatives, for scientific, administrative, sports, commercial purposes, as well as someone who is a participant in a cruise and may be in the port for even less than 24 hours.
The Law of Ukraine “On Tourism” provides the following definition: “Tourist (traveler) is a person who travels around Ukraine or to another country for a different purpose not prohibited by the law of the country for a period of 24 hours to six months without carrying out any or paid activity and with the obligation to leave the country or place of stay in specified period ".
Despite the legislative consolidation of the above-mentioned concepts, decisions of international conferences and the results of scientific research, the concepts of “tourism”, “tourist”, “domestic tourist” as a whole have not received an unambiguous interpretation. Differences in the interpretation of basic concepts cause a lot of inconvenience in practical activities, in particular when recording tourists and signing agreements on international tourism business issues.
The concepts of “domestic tourism”, “international tourism”, “national tourism” have become quite stable in modern conditions.
Domestic tourism- temporary departure of citizens of a particular country from their permanent place of residence within the national borders of the same country for recreation, satisfaction of educational interests, sports and other tourist purposes. Domestic tourism does not represent a separate sphere, but is connected with all other sectors of national life.
international tourism- temporary visit by foreigners to the territory of another state for the purpose of receiving tourism services and tourism products (inbound tourism) and departure of citizens for tourism purposes outside the country of permanent residence (outbound tourism).
National tourism is a set of tourism activities related to serving tourists of their state who take part in outbound and domestic tourism.
The most important terminological concepts also include “tourist resources”, since without them tourism activities are impossible. Tourist resources are those components of the environment that can be used for organizing tourism and recreation. They are assessed, in certain cases transformed, and are involved in recreational circulation. There are several components in the structure of tourism resources: natural, socio-cultural, technological, and event-based.
The tourism product created as a result of the exploitation of tourism resources takes the form of a commodity. A tourist product is a set of consumer goods and services that have a consumer value necessary to satisfy the needs that arise during the travel of tourists.
A tour is a set of services arranged in the form of a tourist package that can be implemented on a specific route and at a specific time. Tours are considered the main product of the consumer market and are sold in the form of travel packages or vouchers. A tourist voucher is a document confirming payment provided for by the service program, which indicates the route, main services, validity period, price, a description of the route, etc. can be provided.
Tourist services are an integral part of the tourism product. They allow you to satisfy the specific needs of tourists in tourist experiences, medical care and entertainment. Additional tourist and excursion services are services that are not provided for in the voucher and for the tourist have the nature of a free choice.
The terms “travel agent” and “tour operator” define the direction of business activity of a travel company or company.
A tour operator is an organization engaged in arranging tours and creating a range of services for tourists.
Tour operator develops tourist routes, saturates them with services through interaction with service providers, ensures the functioning of tours and the provision of services, prepares advertising and information publications for their tours, calculates prices for tours, transfers tours to a travel agent for their subsequent sale to tourists.
A travel agent is an intermediary organization engaged in the sale of tours prepared by a tour operator.
A travel agent purchases tours from a tour operator and sells them to the consumer. The travel agent adds to the purchased tour the travel of tourists from their place of residence to the first accommodation point along the route, from the last accommodation point on the route and back.
The main market role of these organizations is to connect service providers with tourist clients, who are sometimes very separated both in time and geographically. This is a specific tourism type of business. Important here right choice service providers, based on professional knowledge of the tourism market, business, features and levers of its development and management.
Main functions of tourism organizations:
- - component;
- - service;
- - warranty.
It is impossible for an organization to develop competitive advantages without knowing the characteristics of the market in which it operates. The tourism market is a service market, since services are the main subject of exchange and account for 80% of total sales in developed tourism markets.
Important components of the tourism market are tourism demand, supply of tourism product, its price and, of course, competition.
Tourist demand is characterized by the population's requirements for tourist services, economically expressed in the amount of tourist products and services that can be purchased at current prices. Tourist demand is seasonal. In market conditions, this affects the price level, so price acts as a regulator of the dynamic balance between supply and demand in the tourism market.
The supply of a tourism product is the number of tourism products and services that are offered on the market at a given price level.
Competition is the struggle for a favorable position of enterprises in the tourism market. This is an alternative initiative in the development of identical market segments, taking shape in conditions of free enterprise. Competition stimulates the development of the tourism market. If there is an excess of tourist offers, then competition develops among entrepreneurs. In case of insufficient supply in the tourism services market, competition occurs between consumers. In general, competition is directly related to price fluctuations, which leads to the search for a new balance in the tourism market between supply and demand and to the establishment of acceptable prices in the tourism services market.
The main types of tourism include educational tourism, business, recreational, health-improving, sports, religious, ethnic, educational and transit. Of the above types, the most common are educational and recreational tourism.
Recreational tourism is quite diverse. It may include both entertainment programs, fishing, hunting, and attending sports or other events as a spectator.
Educational tourism, or as it is also called excursion tourism, refers to long-distance or short-distance trips to get acquainted with cultural, historical or natural attractions. Such trips may include recreational and educational purposes at the same time.
Sports tourism covers such travel, the purpose of which is to hold sporting events in various regions and countries. In turn, sports tourism is divided into amateur and professional.
Ethnic, or nostalgic, tourism has recently begun to occupy a special place. Its purpose is to visit the place of origin of the family or clan, the place of residence of relatives and friends.
Religious tourism also plays an important role in the tourism industry, which, by the way, is considered one of the most ancient types of tourism. It is based on the religious needs of people of different faiths. In turn, religious tourism is divided into pilgrimage and excursion-educational tourism.
Tourist terminology is undergoing significant changes in accordance with the rapid pace of development and formation of both social relations and tourism, its industries and types. The interpretation of tourist terms is the subject of fierce debate among apologists of tourism theory. Certain group and economic interests of countries significantly influence the interpretation of concepts taken as a basis in national regulations governing certain relations in the field of tourism.
Baggage receipt is an official document issued by the airline and issued to the passenger upon baggage check-in, confirming that the airline undertakes the transportation of this baggage and its delivery to the passenger upon completion of transportation.
Duty-free import- a pass for transporting goods across the customs border of the relevant country without being subject to import duties. Personal items within reasonable limits are usually allowed duty free.
Bungalow - a separate building used to accommodate tourists, often offered in tropical and southern countries.
Service bureau - a bureau in a hotel that provides a variety of information services, currency and financial transactions, providing transport tickets and tickets for visiting cultural and entertainment events, and organizing medical care.
A voucher is a document issued by a travel or transport company confirming that the tourist has paid for specific types of services: hotel accommodation, meals, excursion services, transport travel, etc. and which is the basis for receiving this service.
A visa is a special permit from the relevant authorities of a foreign government to enter, exit, reside or travel through the territory of a given state. All inclusive is a hotel service system in which food, drinks (most often locally produced) and certain types of services do not require additional payment. A variation of this service system is the max inclusive system, when the list of additional services can be significantly expanded and include free use of a sauna, hairdresser, various sports, etc. High season is the period of greatest activity in tourism, the most popular time of year for travel (travel); the period of the highest tariffs for tourist services. The high season does not always coincide with the seasons. In some countries it cannot be less than three months.
A guide is a professional guide who shows tourists the sights of a city or area.
A group of tourists is a group of people traveling together, arriving and departing at the same time, under the same conditions (standard package of services) and being a separate unit for the travel agent and the hotel. For a group of tourists, hotel services (accommodation and meals) are provided on preferential terms, i.e. By special prices, an invoice for the entire amount is issued one per group. According to international standards, a group is 15 people, but 7-10 people can be considered a group.
Photos from the tour
Diving - underwater diving with scuba diving.
Additional services- the list and volume of services exceeding the volume and list of purchased basic services, and additionally paid by tourists at the place of consumption of these services.
A traveler's check is a bank payment instrument that can be exchanged for cash in the currency in which it is issued, or for an equivalent amount in foreign currency at the current exchange rate. Banks issuing traveler's checks guarantee a full refund in case of loss of these checks as a result of theft, destruction, etc.
Duty free is a system of duty-free trade at airports, on board airplanes, ferries and other vehicles, or in certain places visited by foreigners (usually cigarettes, wine, perfumes and souvenirs).
The green corridor is a border crossing point for the transportation of things that are not subject to mandatory customs declaration.
Arrival card is a special form filled out by a passenger arriving in another country by plane or ship and handed over to the border service.
Continental breakfast is a light breakfast consisting of coffee or tea, juice, rolls, butter and jam.
A cruise is a sea or river tourist trip on a ship used as a means of transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, etc., including shore service in the program.
Route - a pre-planned or established route for travelers (tourists) or vehicles.
An international tourist voucher is a document that combines a voucher and an official document as its integral part; designed for booking hotel rooms, car rentals and other types of services that require advance payment.
Low season- the least popular time for travel (travel), as a rule, the period of maximum discounts.
Baggage allowance is the maximum weight or size of baggage accepted by the airline for free transportation. The standards are differentiated by class of passenger seats.
A tour organizer is an individual (sometimes a travel agent) or an organization that gathers a group of tourists to participate in a tour offered by a travel agency. Typically, the tour organizer may be given the opportunity free trip along this route.
Pans ion - small private hotel(5-10 rooms), in which guest services are provided by the owner or family who usually live in the same building.
Parking is a place for parking vehicles.
A flight coupon is a part of a ticket, in exchange for which the airline provides the passenger with transportation on the section specified in it.
Full board is a type of food in hotels in which three or four meals a day are included in the price of accommodation.
Half board is a type of food in hotels in which breakfast and dinner or breakfast and lunch are included in the price.
The receiving party is a legal entity or individual entrepreneur, counterparty, receiving tourists who have arrived in the country (place) of temporary stay. The content of the service provided by the receiving party is determined by the voucher issued by the sending party.
Tourist travel program (program of service, stay) - a plan of sequential activities indicating the dates and times of stay at stopover points along the route, hotels, visits to tourist attractions for the purpose of viewing them (excursions), meals, and travel along the route using those indicated in the program intra-route vehicles.
Boarding pass - a card issued to passengers on air and sea lines, which they are required to hand over to the control service upon boarding.
A direct flight is a flight in which the passenger does not make any transfers along the entire route from the point of departure to the point of destination.
Check-out time is the moment of the beginning (end) of the day (usually 12.00 noon), before which the hotel client is obliged to vacate the room or pay in whole or in part for the next overnight stay.
Accommodation without meals - hotel accommodation, the price of which does not include meals (RO).
Accommodation and breakfast - hotel accommodation, the price of which includes only breakfast (RB,BB).
Accommodation with full board - hotel accommodation, the price of which includes three meals a day or meals at any time at the request of the tourist (AL, ALL Incl).
Accommodation with half board - hotel accommodation, the price of which includes two meals a day (optional): breakfast and lunch or breakfast and dinner (RD).
Rafting is rafting down mountain rivers on boats, catamarans or rafts not equipped with motor vehicles.
Release date - the day the tour operator (travel agent) returns unsold (unreserved) rooms to the accommodation facility, separated from the actual date by the duration of the release period.
Release - period (release period) - the period during which numbers are released from the quota.
Registration card is a document issued in a number of countries by border authorities to temporary visitors upon entry into the country and returned by them to the border authorities upon departure from the country, confirming the registration of these visitors by the authorities of that country.
Regular flight - a flight operated continuously for a certain period of time in accordance with a pre-published schedule.
Reception - a common hall or room in hotels for receiving, registering and processing guests, as well as finding receptionists on duty to receive and issue room keys and carry out various types errands for hotel guests.
Safari is a tourist trip for the purpose of hunting or exploring local nature, usually in Central African countries.
The fortune system is the sale of a package of travel services with a discount for accommodation without specifying a specific hotel, the name of which becomes known upon arrival at the holiday destination. At the same time, accommodation in a hotel of a certain category is guaranteed.
Ski pass - permission or pass to use lifts in a certain place for downhill skiing or snowboarding.
An accompanying person is an employee of a travel company whose responsibilities include accompanying tourists along the route, organizing accommodation, meals and transportation.
A timeshare is the purchase of the right to use a room for one or two weeks in a particular location over an extended period. At the same time, conditions are created for the exchange of vacation spots, which allows timeshare owners to change their vacation destination.
Tax free is a system of partial refund of value added tax in a number of countries when purchasing and exporting goods by foreigners. As a rule, it is used in large stores when purchasing goods over a certain amount. Money can be returned upon crossing the border or in the country of permanent residence.
Customs declaration is a written or oral statement from tourists to customs authorities when crossing the border, containing information about the things and objects transported by tourists.
Customs duty is a tax imposed on certain goods passing through the border of a country.
Customs benefits - partial or complete exemption from payment customs duty for the importation into the country of articles or goods usually subject to duty; partial or complete lifting of restrictions on the export of certain items or goods from the country.
Customs - government agency, which carries out control and clearance of goods and personal belongings transported across the border, and collection of customs duties.
Transit is the transportation of passengers (tourists) from one country to another through an intermediate country.
Transfer - any transportation of a tourist within a tourist center (delivery from a train station, airport or seaport to the hotel and back; from one station, airport or seaport to another; from the hotel to the theater and back).
Trekking - hiking over rough terrain without special training of participants.
A tour is a tourist trip along a certain route at a certain time with a certain range of services (transportation, accommodation, meals, etc.). There is a difference between individual and group travel.
A travel company is an enterprise that sells tourism services to consumers. Depending on the functions performed travel companies, they are divided into travel agents and tour operators.
Force majeure is a circumstance the occurrence of which could not be prevented by the party responsible for fulfilling the obligation and is the reason for the latter’s failure to fulfill it (for example, war, natural disaster, etc.).
Photo safari - a tourist trip with the purpose
photographing rare animals and plants in their natural habitats.
Fixed quota - a quota with the assignment of certain hotel rooms to a specific tour operator (travel agent).
Hostel is a type of hotel with a small range of services.
Charter is an agreement between the owners of a vehicle (motor ship, airplane, bus, etc.) and the charterer (lessee) to rent the entire vehicle or part of it for a specific flight or period.
Schengen visa is a single visa valid for up to three months, which allows you to move freely throughout the territory of the Schengen countries (Germany, France, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Italy, etc.) during the validity period of the visa.
Buffet is a type of self-service in restaurants and cafes, characterized by the fact that visitors, for a single average fee, receive any number of dishes of their choice from those offered, previously displayed in the hall.
A shopping tour is a tourist trip, the purpose of which is to purchase certain types of goods characteristic of the host country.
TRAVEL AGENCY– A company engaged in the implementation of tours formed by a tour operator. A travel agency enters into contracts with tour operators and receives a discount based on sales volume, on the basis of which it exists.
TOUR OPERATOR– A company specializing in planning, compiling tours and selling travel packages through travel agencies or directly to tourists.
TOUR– A range of services for accommodation, transportation, meals for tourists, excursion services, as well as the services of guides-translators and other services provided depending on the purpose of the trip.
MEDICAL INSURANCE POLICY (INSURANCE)– A document guaranteeing medical care in case of illness or injury (conditions are specified additionally). To enter some countries, insurance is required.
GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL TOURS– Group tours imply a ready-made package of tourist services developed by a tour operator based on group rates for air travel (often a charter), services, transfers and accommodation. Mass tourism destinations such as Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, Spain, Bulgaria, Thailand, etc. Bali, Croatia, UAE, Cyprus, as well as bus, train and air tours throughout Europe are sold at group prices.
In case individual tour air travel, transfers, accommodation and services are selected for a specific person (family, group of people), taking into account their individual wishes and preferences. Individual tours are usually more expensive than group tours.
« LAST MINUTE STAYS" or SPECIAL OFFER– Imagine that a tour operator bought seats on the plane for certain dates (or the entire season), paid for hotel rooms, ordered transfers, etc. But he doesn’t have time to implement all the tours on any specific date. And there are more than one such operators (for example, about 20 large Turkish and our operators operate in Turkey). This is where prices begin to drop, and “special offers” (this is a more correct term for “last minute”) are received for specific dates and for specific hotels. Special offers sell mainly tours to visa-free countries and countries with a simplified visa regime: Cyprus, Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, Croatia, Thailand.
General tourist terms:
Cancellation– Cancellation of a tourist trip. The conditions for refusal are specified in the contract.
Booking– Preliminary assignment to a certain tourist (passenger) of places in hotels or on vehicles, tickets for cultural events on a certain date.
Business tour– A type of travel that is necessary for business people and may require special services, for example, a meeting room, secretarial services.
Voucher– A document issued by a travel or transport company confirming that the tourist has paid for specific types of services (accommodation, meals, travel, excursion services, etc.), and which is the basis for receiving this service.
Visa– An official mark (consulate stamp, etc.) in a foreign passport, giving the right to enter, exit, reside or travel through the territory of a certain state.
Guide– A specialist in conducting excursions with tourists, who has a license to do so.
Guest check– A receipt presented to the owner of a restaurant or bar is often used as part of a voucher.
Group travel documents– Transport papers issued for a group of tourists and confirming the group’s right to travel on this transport (tickets, tour packages with a tear-off coupon, etc.).
Travel check– A bank instrument that can be exchanged for cash in the currency in which it is issued, or for an equivalent amount in foreign currency at the current exchange rate.
Arrival map– A form filled out by a tourist upon arrival in another country and presented at the border checkpoint.
Comprehensive service– A standard set of tourist services, usually including meeting and seeing off, hotel accommodation, meals and excursion services.
Cruise – Tourist trip on a specific vehicle used as a means of transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, etc.
Resort fee– Local tax, payers of which are individuals arriving in resort areas.
Organized tourism– A trip organized by travel companies along a standard route.
Travel package– A document confirming payment for services on the route and being the basis for the provision of these services.
Complaint– Claim; a tourist’s statement sent to the office of the company selling the tour if there is a discrepancy between the paid and actually provided services. Based on the complaint, a protocol is drawn up. If the fact of non-compliance is proven, compensation for damage must follow.
Accompanying– An employee of a travel agency whose responsibilities include accompanying tourists along the route, organizing accommodation, meals and transportation.
Transit– Transport of passengers from one country to another through an intermediate country. Transfer– Any transportation of tourists inside tourist center(usually from the airport/train station to the hotel and back, etc.).
Tour package– Tourist plan (route), including the main elements of a vacation: transportation, transfer, accommodation, meals, excursions and other services (the composition may change). The tour package has a fixed price.
Force Majeure– A circumstance the occurrence of which could not be prevented by the party responsible for fulfilling the obligation, and which is the reason for the failure to fulfill the latter (for example, war, natural disaster, etc.).
Schengen visa – Single visa, which gives the right to freely move throughout the territory of the Schengen countries (Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Greece) during the validity of the visa.
Shop tour– A tourist trip, the purpose of which is to purchase certain goods specific to the host country.
Hotel terms:
Animation– Organization of entertainment and sports activities. Animation programs include sports games and competitions, dance evenings, carnivals, games, hobbies, activities related to spiritual interests, etc. An animator is a specialist in the formation of a tourism product and organizer of recreational activities for tourists.
Reception (Front Desk)- Reseption
Room Service– Room service
Tourist Class– Economy class (this class room does not have a bath).
Camping– A camp for autotourists, located in a rural area or in a recreation area, equipped with tents or other summer-type structures, a parking lot, a water supply and sewerage system, and equipped with cooking facilities.
Mini bar– Small refrigerator in the room with alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks; usually for an additional fee.
Checkout time– The end point (usually 12-00 noon) of the day by which the guest must vacate the room or pay for accommodation on a certain day.
Emergency key (grand master)– One key that opens all rooms of the hotel, including those that are locked from the inside.
Sports terms:
Chair lift telecabina– Cable car
Chair lift– Chair lift
Grag lift telesquis– T-bar lift
Gear hire– Ski equipment rental
Green (Red, Blue, Black) slope– “Green” (“red”, “blue”, “black”) ski slopes
Cross country slope– Cross-country ski track
Downhill– Downhill skiing
Off piste– Off-piste skiing
Diving– Scuba diving
Rafting– Rafting on mountain rivers on boats, catamarans or rafts
Safari– A tourist trip for the purpose of hunting or exploring local nature, usually in Central African countries
Ski pass– Pass to use the lifts on the ski slopes
Trekking – Hiking cross-country without special training of participants
Customs terms:
Duty Free– Duty-free shopping at airports, on board aircraft, ferries and other means of transport or in other selected places visited by foreigners.
Free Port– A port where tourists can purchase goods without paying customs duties.
Tax free– A system of partial VAT refund in a number of countries when purchasing and exporting goods by foreigners; money can be returned upon crossing the border or in the country of permanent residence.
Shore services– The set of services provided to a cruise participant at the ports of call of a cruise ship during its stay.
Duty-free import– Carrying goods across the customs border of a country without being subject to import duties.
Green corridor– Place of border crossing when transporting things that are not subject to mandatory customs declaration.
Arrival map– A form filled out by a tourist upon arrival in another country and handed over to the border service.
Registration card– A document issued in some countries by the border authorities to temporary visitors upon entry into the country and returned by them to the border authorities upon departure from the country, confirming the registration of these visitors by the authorities of that country.
Customs declaration– A statement from tourists to customs authorities when crossing the border, containing information about the things transported by tourists that are subject to declaration.
Customs duty– A tax imposed on certain goods passing through the borders of a country.
Customs benefits– Partial or complete exemption from customs duties on the import into the country of goods usually subject to duty; partial or complete lifting of restrictions on the export of certain goods from the country.
Transport terms:
Complimentary Ticket- Free pass
Party Ticket– Group ticket
Baggage check– An official document issued by the airline and issued to the passenger upon baggage check-in, confirming that the airline undertakes the transportation of this baggage and its delivery to the passenger upon completion of transportation.
Closed circular route- A circular route transporting passengers to their destination and back using the same mode of transport.
Inter-ride- System travel tickets on railway transport, allowing you to travel within the ticket area without restrictions for a certain period of validity.
Combo ticket– Ticket for a trip using two or more vehicles.
Route– A predetermined route for tourists or vehicles.
Baggage allowance– Maximum weight or dimensions of baggage accepted by airlines for free transportation; Baggage allowances are differentiated by passenger seat class.
Open ticket– Ticket with open date departure.
Parking– Parking space for vehicles (paid or free).
Charter– Wholesale purchase of an aircraft for the transport of passengers or cargo. Charter flights are scheduled for a specific time, on a specific day, at a specifically ordered location.
