Fountains presentation in physics. Presentation on the theme "Water extravaganza: fountains"
Heron of Alexandria The author of works in which he systematically outlined the foundations of the achievement of the ancient world in the field of applied mechanics. In "Pneumatics" Heron described various mechanisms set in motion by heated or compressed air or steam: the so-called. eolipil, that is, a ball rotating under the action of steam, an automatic door opener, a fire pump, various siphons, a water organ, a mechanical puppet theater, etc. In "Mechanics" Heron described 5 simplest machines: a lever, a gate, a wedge , screw and block. Heron also knew the parallelogram of forces.
He created a vending machine for "sacred" water, which was the prototype of our automatic dispensing machines for liquids.
Heron's fountain consists of three vessels, placed one above the other and communicating with each other. The two lower vessels are closed, and the upper one has the shape of an open bowl into which water is poured. Also, water is poured into the middle vessel, which is later closed. Through a tube running from the bottom of the bowl almost to the bottom of the lower vessel, water flows down from the bowl and, compressing the air there, increases its elasticity. The lower vessel is communicated with the middle one by means of a tube through which the air pressure is transferred to the middle vessel. By producing pressure on the water, the air forces it to rise from the middle vessel through the tube to the upper bowl, where a fountain gushes from the end of this tube, which rises above the surface of the water. The water of the fountain, falling into the bowl, flows from it through a tube into the lower vessel, where the water level gradually rises and the water level in the middle vessel decreases. Soon the fountain stops working. To restart it, you just need to swap the lower and middle vessels. Heron's miraculous inventions. Fountain of Heron.
The most common method of illumination in ancient times was with oil lamps, in which an oil-soaked wick burned. The wick was a piece of rag and burned out pretty quickly, the oil also burned out. One of the main disadvantages of such lamps was the need to ensure that there was always enough wick above the surface of the oil, the level of which was constantly decreasing. While it was easy to keep track of it with one lamp, then with several lamps, there was already a need for a servant who would regularly walk around the room and fix the wicks in the lamps. Heron invented the automatic oil lamp. Heron's oil lamp.
Self-propelled cabinet. For the first time in history, Geron developed a self-propelled mechanism. The mechanism was a wooden cabinet mounted on four wheels. The interior of the cabinet was hidden behind doors. The secret of movement was simple: a suspended plate was slowly lowered inside the cabinet, which set the entire structure in motion with the help of ropes and shafts. A supply of sand was used as a speed regulator, which was gradually poured from the top of the cabinet to the bottom. The speed of lowering the slab was regulated by the speed of pouring sand, which depended on how wide the doors were opening, separating the top of the cabinet from the bottom.
Automatic theater. Most of the drawings of Heron's mechanical dolls have not survived, but there are descriptions of them in various sources. It is known that Geron created a kind of puppet theater, which moved on wheels hidden from the audience and was a small architectural structure - four columns with a common base and architrave. The dolls on his stage, set in motion by a complex system of cords and gears, also hidden from the public eye, reproduced the ceremony of the festival in honor of Dionysus. As soon as such a theater went to the city square, a fire flared up on its stage over the figure of Dionysus, wine from a bowl poured onto the panther lying at the feet of the deity, and the retinue began to dance to the music. Then the music and dancing stopped, Dionysus turned in the other direction, the flame flared up in the second altar - and the whole action was repeated from the beginning. After such a performance, the dolls stopped and the performance ended. This action invariably aroused the interest of all residents, regardless of age. But street performances at another of Geron's puppet theaters were equally successful. This theater (pinaka) was very small in size, it was easily carried from place to place.It was a small column, at the top of which was a model of the theatrical stage, hidden behind the doors. They opened and closed five times, dividing into acts the drama of the sad return of the victors of Troy. On a tiny stage, it was shown with exceptional skill how warriors built and launched sailing ships, sailed on them on the stormy sea and died in the abyss under the flashing of lightning and peals of thunder. To simulate thunder, Heron created a special device in which balls fell out of the box, hitting the board.
Heron's Pump Heron's Pump. The pump consisted of two communicated piston cylinders, equipped with valves, from which water was alternately displaced. The pump was driven by the muscular force of two people who took turns pressing the lever on the shoulders. It is known that pumps of this type were later used by the Romans to extinguish fires and were distinguished by high quality workmanship and surprisingly accurate fit of all parts. Pumps like them, up to the discovery of electricity, were often used, both for extinguishing fires, and in the fleet for pumping water from holds in case of an accident. As we can see, Geron developed three very interesting inventions: eolipil, piston pump and boiler. By assembling them, you could get a steam engine. Such a task, for sure, was within the power, if not of Heron himself, then of his followers. Even then, people knew how to create sealed containers, and, as can be seen from the example with a piston pump, they achieved significant success in the manufacture of mechanisms that require high precision manufacturing. The steam engine, of course, is not a jet engine, for the creation of which the knowledge of ancient scientists was clearly lacking, but it would also significantly accelerate the development of mankind.
Objectives:
developing
- development of students' creative abilities (imagination, observation, memory, thinking); development of the ability to establish interdisciplinary connections (physics, history, MHC, geography); development of fine motor skills when designing models;
- repeat the basic properties of communicating vessels; determine the reason for the installation at the same level of a homogeneous liquid in communicating vessels of any shape; indicate the practical application of communicating vessels; disassemble the principle of operation of the fountain of Heron
- learn to see beauty in the world around; create a sense of responsibility for the assigned work; fostering the ability to listen and hear; to raise the general intellectual level; promote interest in physics
- Video presentation of fountains
- Introduction
They say there are three things that you can look at endlessly - fire, stars and water. Contemplation of water - whether it be the mysterious depth of an even surface, or transparent streams, flowing and rushing somewhere, as if alive - is not only pleasant for the soul and beneficial to health. There is something primitive in this, which is why a person always strives for water. It is not in vain that children can play for hours even in an ordinary rain puddle. Why are the fountains so drawn to themselves? So magically mesmerizing? Maybe because in the rustle, rustle, noise of their pouring streams, you can hear the laughter of a mermaid, the stern shout of the water king, or the splash of a goldfish? Or because the beating foam streams awaken in us the same joy and delight as springs, streams and waterfalls. The air near the reservoir is always clean, fresh and cool. And it is not in vain that they say that water - "cleans", "washes", not only the body, but also the soul.
Probably, everyone noticed how much easier it is to breathe near the water, how fatigue and irritation disappear, how invigorating and at the same time pacifying being near the sea, river, lake or pond. Already in ancient times, people thought about how to create artificial reservoirs, they were especially interested in the riddle of running water.
- The history of the development of fountains
The first fountains appeared in ancient Greece. They had a very simple structure, and did not at all look like the magnificent fountains of our time. Their appointment was purely practical. To supply cities and towns with water. Gradually, the Greeks began to decorate their fountains. They laid them with tiles, built statues, achieved high jets. Fountains have become an attribute of almost every city. Lined with marble, with a mosaic bottom, they were combined with a water clock, then with a water organ, then with a puppet theater, where the figures moved under the influence of jets. Historians describe fountains with mechanical birds that sang merrily and fell silent when an owl suddenly appeared.
Following the ancient Greeks, fountains began to be built in Rome. The word fountain itself has Roman roots. The Romans significantly improved the arrangement of fountains. For fountains, the Romans made pipes from baked clay or lead. During the heyday of Rome, the fountain became a must-have for all wealthy houses. The bottom and walls of the fountains were decorated with tiles. Jets of water gushed from the mouths of beautiful fish or exotic animals.
The development of fountains was facilitated by the invention of the law of communicating vessels by the ancient Greek mechanics, using which the patricians arranged fountains in the courtyards of their houses. The decorative fountains of the ancients can be safely called the prototype of modern fountains.
After the fall of the ancient world, the fountain again turns into only a source of water. The revival of fountains as an art begins only during the Renaissance. Fountains become part of the architectural ensemble, its key element.
The most famous are the fountains of Versailles in France and Peterhof in Russia.
Modern fountains are beautiful not only during the day, when they shine and sparkle in the sun, but also in the evening, when they turn into a color-musical water fireworks. Invisible lamps immersed in the water make its jets either soft lilac, or bright orange, almost fiery, or sky blue. Multi-colored jets beat and emit sounds that merge into a melody ...
F. I. Tyutchev.
FOUNTAIN
Look like a living cloud
The shining fountain swirls;
How it flames, how it crushes
Its damp smoke in the sun.
Raising a beam to the sky, he
He touched the cherished height -
And again with fire-colored dust
Condemned to sink to the ground.
A water cannon about mortal thought,
O inexhaustible water cannon!
What an incomprehensible law
Does it strive for you, does it bother you?
How eagerly you rush to the sky !.
But the hand is invisibly fatal
Your stubborn ray, refracting
Drops in a spray from a height.
- How the fountain works
The tube and funnel experience
QUESTIONS for children (assignments)
Task 1. Historical. The inhabitants of modern Rome still use the remains of the aqueduct built by their ancestors. But the Roman aqueduct was not laid in the ground, but above it, on high stone pillars. Engineers feared that in reservoirs connected by a very long pipe (or gutter), the water would not settle at the same level, that, following the slopes of the soil, in some areas the water would not flow upward. Therefore, they usually gave the water supply a uniform downward slope along the entire path (this often required either leading the water around or erecting high strong supports). One of the Roman pipes is 100 km long, while the straight distance between its ends is half that.
? Were the engineers of ancient Rome right? If not, what is their mistake?
Task 2. Construction. You have a ruler and fluid-filled communicating vessels at your disposal.
? How to draw a strictly horizontal line on the board with their help? Demonstrate this. Think about where in practice you might encounter such a problem.
Fountain in thin air experience
Fountain of Heron
One of the devices described by the ancient Greek scientist Heron of Alexandria was the magic fountain of Heron. The main miracle of this fountain was that the water from the fountain gushed by itself, without using any external source of water. The principle of operation of the fountain is clearly visible in the figure. Let's take a closer look at how Heron's fountain worked.
Geronov's fountain consists of an open bowl and two sealed vessels located under the bowl. From the upper bowl to the lower container, there is a completely sealed tube. If you pour water into the upper bowl, then the water begins to flow through the tube into the lower container, displacing air from there. Since the lower container itself is completely sealed, the air pushed out by the water, through a sealed tube, transfers air pressure to the middle bowl. The air pressure in the middle tank starts to push the water out and the fountain starts working. If, to start work, it was required to pour water into the upper bowl, then for the further operation of the fountain, the water that entered the bowl from the middle container was already used. As you can see, the structure of the fountain is very simple, but this is only at first glance.
The rise of water into the upper bowl is carried out due to the pressure of water with a height of H1, while the water is raised by the fountain to a much greater height H2, which at first glance seems impossible. After all, this should require much more pressure. The fountain shouldn't be working. But the knowledge of the ancient Greeks turned out to be so high that they guessed to transfer the water pressure from the lower vessel, to the middle vessel, not with water, but with air. Since the weight of air is much lower than the weight of water, the pressure loss in this area is very small, and the fountain hits from the bowl to the height H3. The height of the jet of the fountain H3, without taking into account the pressure losses in the tubes, will be equal to the height of the water head H1.
Thus, in order for the water of the fountain to be as high as possible, it is necessary to make the structure of the fountain as high as possible, thereby increasing the distance H1. In addition, you need to raise the middle vessel as high as possible. As for the law of physics on the conservation of energy, it is fully observed. Water from the middle vessel, under the influence of gravity, flows into the lower vessel. The fact that she makes this way through the upper bowl, and at the same time beats there with a fountain, does not in any way contradict the law on the conservation of energy. As you can imagine, the operating time of such fountains is not infinite; eventually, all the water from the middle vessel will flow into the lower one, and the fountain will stop working. On the example of the device of Heron's fountain, we see how high the knowledge of scientists of ancient Greece
- Fountains of Peterhof
In the east there are the Monplaisir palace, the Chess Mountain cascade and the Roman fountains, the Pyramid and the Sun fountains, and the cracker fountains. In the western part there are the Hermitage pavilion and the Marly palace, the Golden Mountain cascade, Manager fountains and Kloshi. It was not by chance that Peter chose this place for the construction of Peterhof. Examining the area, he discovered several bodies of water, fed by springs gushing from the ground. During the summer of 1721, sluices and a canal were built, through which water flowed by gravity from the reservoirs from the Ropsha heights to the storage pools of the Upper Garden, and only small jets-fountains could be arranged here. The Lower Park, which stretches at the foot of the terrace, is a different matter. Water from a 16-meter height through pipes from the pools of the Upper Garden, according to the principle of communicating vessels, rushes down with force to soar in many high jets in the fountains of the park. In total, there are 4 cascades and 191 fountains (including cascade water cannons) in the Lower Park and the Upper Garden.
The principles of water supply discovered by Peter the Great are still valid today, testifying to the talent of the founder of Peterhof.
During the Great Patriotic War, the fascist invaders completely destroyed the fountain system of Petrodvorets. They removed and removed sculptures, including the famous sculpture "Samson", which was cut into pieces and also sent to Germany, in many places they cut out lead pipelines, stripped lead sheets from the thresholds of the Grand Cascade, removed nozzles, as well as all the fittings made of colored Fortunately, a significant portion of the sculptures and other works of art were evacuated in a timely manner.
The Soviet Army, which liberated Petrodvorets, found only ruins there; the fountain system was destroyed by 80 percent. Currently, as a result of extensive restoration work, the main fountains of Petrodvorets have been restored.
- Fountains in literature
Fountains have long attracted artists and poets. Many poems have been written about these magical streams of water. One of the famous poems is the poem by A.S. Pushkin's "Fountain of Bakhchisarai" (excerpt)
The fountain of love, the fountain is alive!
I brought you two roses as a gift.
I love your silent talk
And poetic tears.
Your silver dust
It sprinkles me with cold dew:
Oh, layya, layya, a joyful key!
Murmur, murmur your truth to me ...
Our guys were also invited to try themselves in the role of poets. Let's hear what came of it.
Poems of the guys
- Conclusion
etc.................
Slide 2
Spring! A wonderful time of warmth, flowering and bright colors comes after the winter "hibernation", fountains "wake up", thousands of water jets solemnly salute the dawn of nature. Last year I was doing research on the same topic, and this year I decided to continue it. Since I had a lot of questions: where did the first fountains appear? What types of fountains are there? Can you make a fountain yourself?
Slide 3
I decided to conduct a research on the topic "Water extravaganza: fountains"
Purpose of the research: 1. To expand the area of \u200b\u200bpersonal knowledge on the topic "Communicating vessels" (including historical and polytechnical ones;) 2. Use the knowledge gained to perform creative tasks; 3. Select tasks on the topic “Pressure in liquids and gases. Communicating vessels". To achieve this goal, I need to solve the following tasks: 1. Study the history of the creation of fountains; 2. Understand the structure and principle of the fountains; 3. Become familiar with pressure as the driving force behind fountains; 4. Make the simplest models of operating fountains; 5. Create a presentation "Water extravaganza: fountains".
Slide 4
The history of the creation of fountains
A fountain (from Italian fontana - from Latin fontis - source) is a jet of liquid or gas ejected under pressure (dictionary of foreign words. - M .: Russian language, 1990). For the first time, fountains appeared in Ancient Greece. For seven centuries, people built fountains on the principle of communicating vessels. From the beginning of the 17th century, fountains began to be driven by mechanical pumps, which gradually replaced steam installations, and then electric pumps.
Slide 5
Fountain of Heron
The fountains owe their existence to the famous Greek mechanic Heron of Alexandria, who lived in the 1st – 2nd centuries. n. e. It was Heron who directly pointed out that the flow rate, or rate, of the distributed water depends on its level in the reservoir, on the cross-section of the channel and the speed of water in it. The device invented by Heron serves as one of the samples of knowledge in antiquity (200 years BC) in the field of hydrostatics and aerostatics.
Slide 6
PRESSURE
In order to characterize the distribution of pressure forces regardless of the size of the surface on which they act, the concept of pressure is introduced. p \u003d F / S. Pour water into a vessel, in the side wall of which the same holes are made. We will see that the lower jet flows out to a greater distance, the upper one to a smaller one. This means that there is more pressure at the bottom of the vessel than at the top.
Slide 7
The principle of operation of communicating vessels.
The pressure on the free surfaces of the liquid in the vessels is the same; it is equal to atmospheric pressure. Thus, all free surfaces belong to the same level surface and, therefore, must be in the same horizontal plane. The principle of operation of communicating vessels underlies the work of fountains.
Slide 8
Technical arrangement of fountains
Fountains are water-jet, cascade, mechanical, fire-cracking fountains (for example, in Peterhof), of different heights, shapes, and each has its own name. Previously, all the fountains were direct-flow, that is, they worked directly from the water supply system, now they use “recirculating” water supply, using powerful pumps. Fountains also flow in different ways: dynamic jets (they can change the height) and static jets (the jet is at the same level).
Slide 9
Fountain model
Using the properties of communicating vessels, you can build a fountain model. This requires a tank of water, a wide can 1, a rubber or glass tube 2, a pool from a low can 3.
Slide 10
Slide 11
How does the height of the jet depend on the diameter of the hole and the height of the tank rise?
Slide 12
The action of different models of fountains
Simplified model of Heron's fountain Homemade Heron's fountain
Slide 13
Slide 14
Fountain when heating air in a flask
When water is heated in the first flask, steam is formed, which creates an excess pressure in the second vessel, displacing water from it.
Slide 15
Vinegar fountain
Fill a ¾ flask with table vinegar, throw a few pieces of chalk into it, quickly seal with a stopper with a glass tube inserted into it. A fountain will come from the tube
Slide 16
CONNECTION
During the work, I answered the question: what is the driving force behind the work of the fountains and, using the knowledge gained, I was able to create various working models of fountains, created the presentation “Water extravaganza: fountains”. The implementation of the work included the following elements: Study of special literature on the research topic. Clarification of the tasks of the experiment. Preparation of the necessary equipment and materials. Preparation of the research object. Analysis of the results obtained. Finding out the significance of the results obtained for practice. Elucidation of possible ways of applying the results obtained in practice.
Slide 17
Diamond fountains are flying With a cheerful noise to the clouds, Under them idols shine ... Crushing against the marble barriers, With a pearl, a fiery arc Falls down, splashes waterfalls. A.S. Pushkin Theoretical preparation for the experiment and the analysis of the results obtained demanded from me a complex of knowledge in physics, mathematics, and technical design. This has played a big role in improving my educational background.
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Slide 1
*Slide 2
Fountains are a real decoration for any city. Whatever they are: tall, small, dancing or singing, fountains always attract people to them. And in the hot summer, nothing gives you a refreshing coolness like the spray of a fountain. Countless fountains have been built in the world, and we will learn about their creation, as well as about the most beautiful and impressive of them. *
Slide 3
The very word "fountain" means a source of water. People in the past, looking at geysers and other similar sources that remind us of modern fountains, tried to replicate the geyser by creating it artificially. At first, such springs were simply decorated - their base was covered with tiles or laid out with stones. But the fountains of Ancient Greece were not originally intended for decoration. They served as sources of drinking water, cooled and humidified the air. A woman at a public fountain in an Attic red-figure hydria circa 490 BC *
Slide 4
Later, the construction of fountains also developed in Ancient Rome, since both countries had close cultural ties. But it was the architects of Ancient Rome who were the first to learn how to make fountains, creating pipes through which water was supplied under pressure, which led to the appearance of a fountain. Meta Sudans fountain. Rome. Italy, 1st century A.D. *
Slide 5
Immediately, fountains became a decorative element, and were located in the courtyards and even in the palaces of aristocrats. The fountains were made in various sizes from various materials, using additional decorative elements. *
Slide 6
Today, among the most interesting fountain complexes are Versailles and Peterhof. First appeared Versailles - in France, with its many different fountains. Then Peter I decided that we were no worse, and, having borrowed something, created his own fountain complex - in Peterhof. The fountains in these parks are varied, rich in decoration and many decorations. Gardens and fountains of Versailles. An old painting.
Slide 7
The main (Grand) cascade of the Lower Park of Peterhof is a unique fountain structure, one of the most beautiful architectural structures in the world. The Grand Cascade consists of three independent staircases with seventeen waterfall steps and a grotto that unites them. The cascade is decorated with 37 statues, 29 bas-reliefs and more than 150 small decorative ornaments. An indelible impression is made by 64 fountains of the Grand Cascade ensemble, which simultaneously throw out 142 jets of water of the most unexpected form. It has a fascinating effect on all visitors.
Slide 8
The first place in the list of the most fantastic fountains was taken by the fountain in the form of a volcano crater in Abu Dhabi. The volcano fountain is a famous landmark of the capital of the United Arab Emirates. It is located on the Corniche promenade. Inside the fountain is illuminated with orange light, which gives the impression of erupting lava from the crater, and at night the fountain looks especially impressive.
Slide 9
One of the most beautiful fountains in America is located in Las Vegas - the dancing fountain "Bellagio". Every evening the fountain starts its performance. The fountain "dances" to the music of famous opera singers (and not only - the repertoire includes both Madonna and Elton John, along with Pavarotti, Bocelli and others) singers. 1175 water jets, 80 meters high, 4500 backlight lamps and $ 40 million for it creature. This amazing show on the shore of a large artificial lake attracts tourists from all over the world. It's worth seeing.
Slide 10
In Rome, fountains amaze with their grandeur and luxury. The most famous of them is the Trevi Fountain. The fountain is a magnificent scene, in the center of which is the god Ocean in a shell-cart pulled by two sea horses. The tritons show them the way between the rocks. The bottom of the fountain is strewn with coins: according to ancient belief, tourists wishing to return to Rome should, with their backs to the fountain, throw a coin over their left shoulder with their right hand. According to unofficial estimates, tourists leave up to one and a half thousand euros at the bottom of the pool per day - and this is despite the official ban! Fortunately, all the money raised from the pool goes to charity.
Slide 11
The clock fountain is located in the city of Osaka in Japan. The "screen" of the clock is similar to the dial of an electronic clock, but instead of pixels (dots forming numbers), there are streams of water of different heights. The clock is controlled by a computer and shows either the date, or the time, or just some message in English or Japanese (eg station name).
Slide 12
The light and musical fountain in Barcelona called "Magic" can truly be called one of the wonders of the world.
Slide 13
One of the symbols of the city of Moscow is the Friends of the People fountain. The fountain has been pleasing us with its jets since 1954, it was built under the guidance of architects KT Topuridze and GD Konstantinovsky. The numbers of its characteristics are striking: for example, the volume of the fountain bowl is about 4000 cubic meters, the number of jet nozzles is about two thousand. A truly monumental structure! The fountain control system allows you to create various patterns using jets, because their maximum height is 24 meters, these are the so-called "parade jets". Unfortunately, the fountain now almost always works as usual. The system is almost completely worn out and needs renovation.
Slide 14
WET Design in Dubai has built not only a huge fountain, but also the most expensive in the world. The construction of the grand fountain cost $ 217 million. The fountain itself is located on the territory of the prestigious Burj Dubai development near the record-high Burj Dubai skyscraper and the huge Dubai Mall. The fountain's jet is approximately 152 meters high and the water is tinted with 25 color projectors and 6,600 colored lanterns. The construction engineer was Carles Bungas. The show held by this fountain is remembered for a long time - the visual and sound part of the performance is at the highest level.
Slide 15
Fountain of King Fadh, located in the Red Sea. This fountain is one of the tallest in the world - its height is more than the height of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, it raises a stream of water above 300 meters. The fountain operates on sea water, which requires additional cleaning and equipment. Sea water is corrosive to equipment, so it needs to be checked in time. The technical equipment of such a fountain must also be carefully thought out. In order not to spoil the appearance, all equipment (pumps, as well as the power station) is placed under water. A room was created for the pump, which is the same size as a 5-storey house. Treatment of mechanisms and other elements with special paints prevents the reproduction and growth of marine organisms. Much work was carried out to level the seabed, as well as to create special devices for installing equipment there. The fountain is the symbol of the city.
Slide 16
This unusual water sculpture was created by English designer William Pye and is located in front of Seaham Hall in Sunderland, England. A huge sculpture can simulate an incredible whirlpool of water in its interior. Especially for the contemplation of this beauty, steps were built around the incredible work of art.
Slide 17
Fountain of Wealth - Singapore. This fountain is located in front of the Suntec City department store in Singapore and, according to legend, symbolizes wealth and good fortune in the place where it stands. According to legend, in order to gain wealth, you need to walk around the fountain three times. In 1998, it was entered in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest fountain in the world (13.8 m).
An amazing creation of the ancient inventor Heron of Alexandria - the eternal fountain
Ancient Arabic manuscripts brought to us a story about the amazing creations of the ancient inventor Heron of Alexandria. One of them is a beautiful miracle bowl in the temple, from which a fountain gushed. There were no supply pipes anywhere, and inside there were no mechanisms.
The claimed invention differs significantly from the toys of Viktor Zhigunov (Russia) and John Folkis (USA), patented during the Cold War. Who knows, since such great powers were interested in this invention, whether it is a perpetual motion machine or just one of the universal engines of the ancient Greek scientist Hero of Alexandria lost by mankind for 2000 years.
The purpose of the invention is to prove to the whole world that the Fountain of Heron is not a myth or a primitive construction, but a real, practically possible, construction that has been trying to unravel for 2000 years.
The claimed invention is intended to disclose the true design fountain of Heron, at the level of knowledge of ancient Greek scientists, which many scientists tried to reveal for 2000 years, to the present day, without visible mechanisms and supply pipes, which could create the effect of a perpetual motion machine.
Fountain of Heron consists of three glass vessels - outer 1, middle 2 and inner 3, but unlike the prototype of Viktor Zhigunov, placed one inside the other. The outer vessel 1 has the shape of an open bowl, into which water is poured, so that the water hides two vessels 2 and 3 - glued together, so that a vacuum 6 and thermal insulation between water from vessel 1 and the air in vessel 3 are formed. is a working container. There are two holes in the vessel 3 - from the top, where the tube is tightly inserted, to the bottom of the vessel, and from the bottom, where the valve 5 is located. Water from the outer vessel 1, under atmospheric pressure, flows through the valve 5 into the inner vessel 3 and squeezes between the tube 4 and the outer walls of the vessel 3 air until the atmospheric pressure in the vessel 1 and the air pressure in the vessel 3. The sun's rays pass through vessels 1 and 2, forming a water magnifier (two glass lenses filled with water), are amplified through a vacuum 6 between the vessels 2 and 3, the walls of the vessel 3 and the air in the vessel 3. The air in the vessel 3 expands and pushes the water out of the vessel 3 through the tube 4, forming a fountain. The water level in vessel 1 rises and, accordingly
the atmospheric pressure of the water in the vessel 1 rises, thus, as soon as the equality of the atmospheric pressure in the vessel 1 and the air pressure in the vessel 3 is violated, the water flows through the valve 5 into the bowl 3, cools and compresses the air in the vessel 3, the process is repeated. Thus, in this invention, the energy of the sun's rays is converted into the movement of water. The fountain works every day, without visible mechanisms and
supply pipes.
The advantage is that the vessels do not need to be rearranged or inverted. The fountain works every day without visible mechanisms and supply pipes, and in any place where the sun's rays fall.
Through a glass vessel 1 filled with water, it is difficult to see the inner glass vessels and the effect of a perpetual motion machine is created, which no scientist could repeat for 2000 years.
